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8. Cultivation-induced effects on belowground biomass and organic carbon

Author

Slobodian, N., Van Rees, K., and Pennock, D.

Subjects
Soils -- Carbon content, Soil biology -- Research, Agricultural ecology -- Research, Wheat -- Environmental aspects, Prairie ecology -- Research, Earth sciences
Abstract

Land conversion and cultivation effects on belowground biomass and C were assessed at a fescue (Festuca altaica Trin. ssp. hallii) prairie site and an adjacent cultivated field seeded to spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Belowground biomass and soil organic C (SOC) were measured in three landform element groups (upper level and convex shoulder elements [UL], low-catchment-area footslope elements [FS], and low-elevation level and high-catchment-area footslope elements [LL]) at both sites. Upper level, FS, and LL landscape positions in the prairie had, respectively, eight, 12, and 13 times more belowground biomass in the top 60 cm of soil than their cultivated field counterparts. In the upper 1.8 m of soil, belowground biomass in the prairie grassland increased downslope (UL = 1849 [+ or -] 306, FS = 2533 [+ or -] 899, and LL = 3663 [+ or -] 1248 g [m.sup.-1]). In the cultivated field, LL landscape positions had higher levels of belowground biomass than either UL or FS positions (UL = 228 [+ or -] 54.5, FS = 200 [+ or -] 47.0, and LL = 294 [+ or -] 76.8 g [m.sup.-2]). Losses of C from belowground biomass accounted for 17.6% of total SOC losses in UL landscape positions, and 71.7% of losses in FS positions after cultivation. Lower level positions had the greatest loss of belowground plant C (-15.6 Mg [ha.sup.-1]) but overall the SOC had increased by 9.0 Mg [ha.sup.-1]. In these position the loss of belowground C was offset by significantly higher SOC additions to the surface through soil redistribution. On a whole landscape basis, the C loss because of changes in belowground biomass is a large part of the C change that occurs during the transition from native prairie to arable agriculture.

Published
2002

24. The eighteenth-century literary field in Western Europe. The interdependence of material and symbolic production and consumption

Author

Dorleijn, G.J., van Rees, K, and Faculty of Arts

Subjects
BOURDIEU, SYSTEMS, CRITICS ATTENTION, REPUTATION, AUTHORS, ART
Abstract

The paper of this special issue are introduced as instances of a field-theoretic approach as articulated initially in Bourdieu's institutional analysis of the literary field. This approach is presented as a sound alternative to traditional literary history and its insufficiently relational view of historiography and of the cultural object. In addition, it is situated critically with respect to book history and previous institutional analyses in a historical perspective. It focuses on the development of a literary field in eighteenth century Western Europe, at a time when the term 'literature' meant something quite different from what it means nowadays. In the cultural-sociological perspective advocated here, one must take account of the interdependency of material and symbolic production and consumption. Therefore, an approach is needed which integrates institutional analysis with an examination of the impact of conceptions of literature, that is, sets of normative ideas on the nature and function of literature. These conceptions affect the practices of all agents in the field, irrespective of whether they focus on symbolic or material production, or even on consumption. (c) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2001

26. Guest editor

Author

Dorleijn, G.J., van Rees, K, and Faculteit der Letteren

Published
2001

50. The effect of irrigation on nitrogen uptake and use efficiency of two willow (Salix spp.) biomass energy varieties.

Author

Hangs, R. D., Schoenau, J. J., Van Rees, K. C. J., and Knight, J. D.

Subjects
FOREST irrigation, NITROGEN fertilizers, PLANT cells & tissues
Abstract

The article discusses a study which explored the effect of irrigation on the recovery of broadcast 15 nitrogen (N)-labelled fertilizer, applied during the final year of a three-year rotation, by willow varieties Charlie and SV1. It describes a split-split-plot experiment conducted in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. Results showed that irrigation increased fertilizer N accumulation by Charlie, but not SV1. Irrigation also increased the N use efficiency (NUE) for both varieties' all plant tissues.

Published
2012
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