31 results on '"van Oorschot M"'
Search Results
2. Sandy contourite drift in the late Miocene Rifian Corridor (Morocco): Reconstruction of depositional environments in a foreland-basin seaway
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Capella, W., Hernández-Molina, F.J., Flecker, R., Hilgen, F.J., Hssain, M., Kouwenhoven, T.J., van Oorschot, M., Sierro, F.J., Stow, D.A.V., Trabucho-Alexandre, J., Tulbure, M.A., de Weger, W., Yousfi, M.Z., and Krijgsman, W.
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- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Salt Marsh Establishment and Eco‐Engineering Effects in Dynamic Estuaries Determined by Species Growth and Mortality
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Brückner, M.Z.M., Schwarz, C.S., van Dijk, W.M., van Oorschot, M., Douma, H., Kleinhans, M.G., Biogeomorphology of Rivers and Estuaries, Coastal dynamics, Fluvial systems and Global change, and Landscape functioning, Geocomputation and Hydrology
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Marsh ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,FLOW ,eco-engineering effects ,Intertidal zone ,SEA-LEVEL RISE ,MORPHODYNAMICS ,01 natural sciences ,INTERTIDAL FLATS ,Settling ,PLANTS ,Geosciences, Multidisciplinary ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Earth-Surface Processes ,Hydrology ,geography ,Science & Technology ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,dynamic vegetation modeling ,estuarine morphology ,Geology ,Estuary ,Vegetation ,SELF-ORGANIZATION ,Ecological engineering ,MODEL ,salt marsh ,Geophysics ,Salt marsh ,Physical Sciences ,TIDAL MARSH ,Environmental science ,Common spatial pattern ,VEGETATION ,SEDIMENT TRANSPORT - Abstract
Growth conditions and eco‐engineering effects of vegetation on local conditions in coastal environments have been extensively studied. However, interactions between salt marsh settling, growth, and mortality as a function of hydromorphology and eco‐engineering lack sufficient understanding to forecast morphological development of dynamic systems. We predict salt marsh establishment with an ecomorphodynamic model that accounts for literature‐based seasonal settling and life‐stage‐dependent growth and mortality of a generic salt marsh species. The model was coupled to a calibrated hydromorphodynamic model of an intertidal bar and, on a coarser grid, to the entire Western Scheldt estuary. To quantify the importance of eco‐engineering effects we compared the dynamic model results to a static model approach. The ecomorphodynamic model reproduces spatial pattern, cover, and growth trends over 15 years. The modeled vegetation cover emerges from the combination of a positive and a new negative eco‐engineering effect: vegetation reduces tidal flow strength facilitating plant survival while the developing salt marsh increases the hydroperiod, which limits large‐scale marsh expansion. The reproduced spatial gradient in vegetation density by our model is strongly correlated to their life‐stages, which underlines the importance of age‐dependence when modeling vegetation and for predictions of the stability of the marsh. Upscaling of the model to the entire estuary on a coarser grid gives implications for grid size‐dependent modeling of hydrodynamics and vegetation. In comparison with static model results, the eco‐engineering effects reduce vegetation cover, showing the importance of vegetation dynamics for predictions of salt marsh growth.
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- 2019
4. PBL policy briefing
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van Tulder, Rob, van Oorschot, M, and Department of Business-Society Management
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- 2020
5. Business for Biodiversity. Mobilising business towards net positive impact, Policy briefing
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van Oorschot, M, van Tulder, Rob, Kok, M, and Department of Business-Society Management
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- 2020
6. Nederlands natuurbeleid in internationale context : Voortgang realisatie natuur- en biodiversiteitsbeleid
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Sanders, M.E., Bredenoord, H.W.B., Kok, M., van Oorschot, M., Henkens, R.J.H.G., Kamphorst, D.A., de Knegt, B., Langers, F., Mattijssen, T.J.M., and Schütt, J.
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Groene Economie en Ruimte ,WOT Natuur & Milieu ,Biodiversiteit en Beleid ,Life Science ,Regional Development and Spatial Use ,Regionale Ontwikkeling en Ruimtegebruik ,Biodiversity and Policy ,Green Economy and Landuse - Abstract
In de Balans van de Leefomgeving brengt het PBL tweejaarlijks in beeld hoe de leefomgeving in Nederland ervoor staat. In de voorliggende studie gaan we dieper in op het thema ‘Natuur en biodiversiteit’, onderdeel van het thema ‘Landbouw, voedsel en natuur’ van de Balans van 2020. We plaatsen het Nederlandse natuurbeleid in een internationale context. De biodiversi-teitsstrategieën van het mondiale Verdrag inzake Biologische Diversiteit van de Verenigde Naties (Convention on Biological Diversity, CBD) en die van de Europese Unie lopen in 2020 af en voorbereidingen zijn gaande om de plannen te actualiseren voor de periode tot 2030.
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- 2020
7. Riparian vegetation interacting with river morphology: modelling long-term ecosystem responses to invasive species, climate change, dams and river restoration
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van Oorschot, M., Biogeomorphology of Rivers and Estuaries, Kleinhans, Maarten, Middelkoop, Hans, and Geerling, G.W.
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climate change ,invasive plants ,biogeomorphology ,river restoration ,dams ,vegetation model - Abstract
River systems are amongst the most dynamic and productive ecosystems in the world and provide habitats for numerous fluvial species. River flow and river shape determine the conditions that affect plant growth and survival. In turn, riparian plants can actively influence river flow and sedimentation and erosion processes, a process called ‘ecosystem-engineering’. These continuous interactions create dynamic landscape patterns with a heterogeneous habitat mosaic. In many rivers, natural dynamics have been altered by the construction of dams, fixation of river banks and by indirect pressures such as climate change and alien invasive species. We need more understanding of how natural interactions among plants, water flow and sediment produce river landscapes, and predictive models that simulate these processes to design management plans and to predict effects of ecological restoration. Therefore, this study aimed at better understanding of emergent patterns in vegetation and fluvial morphology arising from the interaction between hydro-morphological processes and eco-engineering species and how they affect habitat suitability of other species. To study how river landscapes develop as a product of plant-river interactions, a model was developed that simulates colonisation, growth and death for eco-engineering plant species with life-stage specific characteristics. River discharge and river morphology dictate where vegetation colonizes, and survival is determined by flooding, desiccation, uprooting, burial and scour. The vegetation interacts through hydraulic resistance with the hydro-morphodynamic processes modelled in Delft3D-FLOW. This combined model is the first that is able to simulate long-term interactions between detailed hydro-morphodynamics and detailed vegetation processes. The model produces natural patterns in fluvial morphodynamics and vegetation with realistic vegetation age distribution across the floodplain. Moreover, it simulates sustained long-term meandering dynamics due to conversions from channel to floodplain and vice versa, as opposed to models with static vegetation or without vegetation. Simulation results demonstrate that river landscapes are sensitive to vegetation properties such as settlement conditions, density, growth and survival conditions. When the river system is under pressure, the native riparian vegetation cover, river morphodynamics and the resulting habitat mosaic change. After introduction of invasive alien plant species in the model, native riparian vegetation becomes outcompeted when the invaders are abundant, but facilitated when the invaders are less abundant. Seasonal plant characteristics strongly affect water levels and sediment transport, depending on season. Dams and climate change affect vegetation and river dynamics by altering the natural flow regime. Scenarios with climatic drying and dams show a reduction in riparian vegetation cover and a shift of vegetation ranges across the floodplain. Higher vegetation covers arise when extreme events in high and low flows increase. Fluvial species are most substantially affected when the flow timing mismatched with critical life-history events. Combinations of multiple flow alteration pressures and natural flow regime restoration have complex nonlinear effects due to multiple adaptation timescales. The new understanding and the model reported in this thesis will allow us to study biogeomorphological interactions, and identify and test river management strategies and river restoration plans to help increase or maintain the ecological value of rivers and their floodplains.
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- 2017
8. Modeling invasive alien plant species in river systems: Interaction with native ecosystem engineers and effects on hydro-morphodynamic processes
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van Oorschot, M., Kleinhans, M. G., Geerling, G.W., Egger, G., Leuven, R.S.E.W., Middelkoop, H., and Coastal dynamics, Fluvial systems and Global change
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hydromorphology ,Fallopia japonica ,biological invasions ,Taverne ,modeling ,riparian vegetation ,river morphodynamics ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
Invasive alien plant species negatively impact native plant communities by out-competing species or changing abiotic and biotic conditions in their introduced range. River systems are especially vulnerable to biological invasions, because waterways can function as invasion corridors. Understanding interactions of invasive and native species and their combined effects on river dynamics is essential for developing cost-effective management strategies. However, numerical models for simulating long-term effects of these processes are lacking. This paper investigates how an invasive alien plant species affects native riparian vegetation and hydro-morphodynamics. A morphodynamic model has been coupled to a dynamic vegetation model that predicts establishment, growth and mortality of riparian trees. We introduced an invasive alien species with life-history traits based on Japanese Knotweed (Fallopia japonica), and investigated effects of low- and high propagule pressure on invasion speed, native vegetation and hydro-morphodynamic processes. Results show that high propagule pressure leads to a decline in native species cover due to competition and the creation of unfavorable native colonization sites. With low propagule pressure the invader facilitates native seedling survival by creating favorable hydro-morphodynamic conditions at colonization sites. With high invader abundance, water levels are raised and sediment transport is reduced during the growing season. In winter, when the above-ground invader biomass is gone, results are reversed and the floodplain is more prone to erosion. Invasion effects thus depend on seasonal above- and below ground dynamic vegetation properties and persistence of the invader, on the characteristics of native species it replaces, and the combined interactions with hydro-morphodynamics.
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- 2017
9. Advances on Modelling Riparian Vegetation-Hydromorphology Interactions
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Solari, L., Van Oorschot, M., Belletti, B., Hendriks, D., Rinaldi, M., Vargas-Luna, A., Geomorfologie, and Coastal dynamics, Fluvial systems and Global change
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Environmental Science(all) ,Hydromorphology ,Environmental Chemistry ,REFORM project ,Riparian vegetation ,Modelling ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
Riparian vegetation actively interacts with fluvial systems affecting river hydrodynamics, morphodynamics and groundwater. These interactions can be coupled because both vegetation and hydromorphology (i.e. the combined scientific study of hydrology and fluvial geomorphology) involve dynamic processes with similar temporal and spatial scales. To predict and assess the consequences of restoration measures, maintenance operations or human pressures in rivers, managers and planners may wish to model these interactions considering the different and interdisciplinary implications in the fields of ecology, geomorphology and hydrology. In this paper, we review models that are currently available and that incorporate the processes that relate riparian vegetation to hydromorphology. The models that are considered include those emphasizing hydraulic-geomorphological processes (such as flow resistance, sediment transport and bank dynamics) as well as those emphasizing ecological processes (seed dispersal, plant survival, growth, succession and mortality). Models interpreting the coupled evolution between riparian vegetation and river morphology and groundwater are also presented. The aim is to provide an overview of current modelling capabilities and limitations and to identify future modelling challenges.
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- 2016
10. The contribution of sustainable trade to the conservation of natural capital
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van Oorschot, M., Wentink, Carsten, Kok, Marcel, Beukering, P., Kuik, O., van Drunen, M., van den Berg, J., Ingram, V.J., Judge, L.O., Arets, E.J.M.M., and Veneklaas, E.J.
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natuurlijke hulpbronnen ,certification ,ecosysteemdiensten ,biobased economy ,WASS ,sustainability ,Forest and Nature Conservation Policy ,resource conservation ,tropics ,Groene Economie en Ruimte ,duurzaamheid (sustainability) ,tropen ,cost benefit analysis ,Bos- en Natuurbeleid ,Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie ,Consument & Keten ,Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology ,certificering ,kosten-batenanalyse ,Consumer and Chain ,ecosystem services ,natural resources ,Green Economy and Landuse ,hulpbronnenbehoud - Abstract
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency has conducted a study into the potential impact of certified sustainable production on natural capital and the related ecosystem goods and services. Forests are a well-known example of natural capital; they are valuable to society, among other things because they store large amounts of carbon. The performed cost-benefit analyses show that certified resource production has several societal benefits, such as reductions in environmental pollution, soil erosion and health damage. However, for resource producers, the financial returns of more sustainable production methods are often limited. The uneven distribution of costs and benefits over public and private actors forms a barrier to any further scale up of sustainable production. Thus, there is a need for additional solutions, besides certifying trade to help conserve ecosystems elsewhere in the world.
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- 2016
11. The contribution of sustainable trade to the conservation of natural capital: The effects of certifying tropical resource production on public and private benefits of ecosystem services
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van Oorschot, M., Wentink, C., Kok, M., van Beukering, P.J.H., Kuik, O.J., van Drunen, M.A., van den Berg, J, Ingram, V., Judge, L., Arets, E., and Veneklaas, F.
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- 2016
12. Distinct patterns of interactions between vegetation and river morphology
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Van Oorschot, M., Kleinhans, M., Middelkoop, H., Geerling, G., Buijse, T., and Mosselman, E.
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Modelling vegetation and morphodynamics is often one-way traffic that either takes into account the effect of vegetation on morphodynamics or vice versa. The few models that do incorporate an interaction have until now represented vegetation as cylinders causing hydraulic resistance that do not change over time. We coupled a morphodynamic model to a dynamic vegetation model, tested two vegetation scenarios with different functional trait sets and compared them to a control scenario without vegetation. Vegetation was modelled as either static softwood forest or dynamic riparian trees of different age, dimensions, density, settling conditions and flooding/desiccation tolerances. Results show that vegetation restricts lateral migration and static vegetation also restricts longitudinal migration. Dynamic vegetation results in more realistic vegetation patterns and fluvial morphology than static vegetation. This shows the importance of including dynamic vegetation in morphodynamic models.
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- 2014
13. How sectors can contribute to sustainable use and conservation of biodiversity
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Kok, M., Alkemade, R., Bakkenes, M., Boelee, E., Christensen, V., van Eerdt, M., van der Esch, S., Janse, J., Karlsson-Vinkhuyzen, S.I.S.E., Kram, T., Lazarova, T., Linderhof, V.G.M., Lucas, P., Mandryk, M., Meijer, J., van Oorschot, M., Teh, L., van Hoof, L.J.W., Westhoek, H., and Zagt, R.
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Groene Economie en Ruimte ,Leerstoelgroep Irrigatie en waterbouwkunde ,Public Administration and Policy ,Life Science ,Bos- en Natuurbeleid ,Bestuurskunde ,Visserij ,Irrigation and Water Engineering ,Forest and Nature Conservation Policy ,Green Economy and Landuse - Published
- 2014
14. Duurzaamheid van de houtketen
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van Oorschot, M., Hendriks, K., Kamphorst, Dana, Schrijver, R.A.M., Arets, E.J.M.M., Broekmeyer, M.E.A., and Schelhaas, M.J.
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Governance ,CE - Forest Ecosystems ,Biodiversiteit en Beleid ,Life Science ,Regional Development and Spatial Use ,Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie ,Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology ,Regionale Ontwikkeling en Ruimtegebruik ,Biodiversity and Policy - Published
- 2014
15. Balans van de leefomgeving 2014 deel 4 : landbouw en voedsel
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van Grinsven, H., van Eerdt, M., Westhoek, H., Hooijboer, A., Buis, E., van Pul, A., Hilderink, H., Schroder, J.J., Verdoes, N., Voswinkel, T., Nijdam, D., van Oorschot, M., Tiktak, A., Schijndel, M., van der Sluis, S., Reudink, M., and Rood, T.
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milieueffect ,voedselproductie ,landbouwproductie ,Emissie & Mestverwaarding ,sustainability ,voeding en gezondheid ,environmental impact ,veehouderij ,Agro Water- en Biobased Economy ,nutrition and health ,landbouw ,duurzaamheid (sustainability) ,agricultural production ,food consumption ,Emissions & Manure Valorisation ,voedselconsumptie ,livestock farming ,food production ,agriculture - Abstract
In dit rapport analyseert het PBL de effecten van de landbouw op de leefomgeving, evenals, in bredere zin, de voortgang van de verduurzaming van het voedselsysteem. We evalueren bovendien de effectiviteit van het Nederlandse overheidsbeleid als het erom gaat die effecten te verminderen. We beschrijven de belangrijkste ontwikkelingen op dit gebied in de afgelopen twee jaar, en bouwen daarbij voort op de analyse van de verduurzaming van het voedselsysteem in de vorige Balans van de Leefomgeving en het rapport De macht van het menu (PBL 2013a) maar leggen meer nadruk op de effecten voor de fysieke leefomgeving binnen Nederland.
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- 2014
16. Achtergrondrapport bij beleidsstudie natuurlijk kapitaal: toestand, trends en perspectief
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Dirkx, G.H.P., den Belder, E., Bouwma, I.M., Gerritsen, A.L., Hendriks, C.M.A., van der Hoek, D.J., van Oorschot, M., and de Vos, B.I.
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Land Use and Food Security ,forest administration ,natural areas ,Regional Development and Spatial Use ,visbestand ,fishery resources ,Biodiversity and Policy ,actieve recreatie ,haalbaarheidsstudies ,Biodiversiteit en Beleid ,LEI International Markets and Chains ,active recreation ,LEI Internationale Markten & Ketens ,feasibility studies ,Public Administration and Policy ,ecosysteemdiensten ,Landgebruik en Voedselzekerheid ,inventarisaties ,Regionale Ontwikkeling en Ruimtegebruik ,inventories ,natuurgebieden ,WOT Natuur & Milieu ,Bestuurskunde ,Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie ,Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology ,bosbeheer ,ecosystem services - Abstract
In de PBL-Beleidsstudie Natuurlijk Kapitaal, toestand, trends en perspectief, schetsen we in zes cases hoe economische sectoren omgaan met het zogeheten natuurlijk kapitaal. Voor deze cases kozen we de economische sectoren waarop het beleid zich specifiek richt: de internationale houtketen, de landbouw en de visserij. Daarnaast voerden we casestudies uit naar sectoren die in beleidsnota’s genoemd worden in relatie tot het streven synergie te realiseren tussen natuurbehoud en economie: het waterbeheer en de recreatiesector. In de PBL-beleidsstudie rapporteren we de belangrijkste conclusies van deze casestudies. De achtergronden van de analyses bundelen we in dit WOt-technical report. Trefwoorden: natuurlijk kapitaal, ecosysteemdiensten
- Published
- 2014
17. Balans van de Leefomgeving 2014 deel 7 : natuurlijk kapitaal als nieuw beleidsconcept
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Dirkx, G.H.P., de Knegt, B., van Bodegraven, J., Bredenoord, H., van Hinsberg, A., van der Hoek, D.J., van Oorschot, M., Vixseboxse, E., Wiertz, J., den Belder, E., Bouwma, I.M., Gerritsen, A.L., Hendriks, C.M.A., Sanders, M.E., and de Vos, B.I.
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natuurlijke hulpbronnen ,nature management ,Land Use and Food Security ,Regional Development and Spatial Use ,Biodiversity and Policy ,landgebruik ,natuurbeheer ,Biodiversiteit en Beleid ,beleidsevaluatie ,LEI International Markets and Chains ,natural resources ,LEI Internationale Markten & Ketens ,Public Administration and Policy ,soil fertility ,erosion control ,ecosysteemdiensten ,land use ,Landgebruik en Voedselzekerheid ,inventarisaties ,recreation ,Regionale Ontwikkeling en Ruimtegebruik ,policy evaluation ,erosiebestrijding ,inventories ,WOT Natuur & Milieu ,Bestuurskunde ,Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie ,Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology ,recreatie ,ecosystem services ,bodemvruchtbaarheid - Abstract
Keuzes nodig bij invulling nieuw beleidsconcept natuurlijk kapitaal Het kabinet introduceert met natuurlijk kapitaal een beleidsconcept waarin de baten van natuur centraal staan. Om het beoogde behoud en duurzaam gebruik van natuurlijk kapitaal te realiseren is het nodig dat het kabinet aangeeft welke keuzes het hierin wil maken. Omvang van een aantal Nederlandse ecosysteemdiensten gedaald Het aanbod van enkele diensten die het natuurlijk kapitaal in Nederland levert, nam de afgelopen jaren af. Dit geldt voor de voorziening van drinkwater, gebruik van niet-drinkwater in bijvoorbeeld landbouw en industrie, bodemvruchtbaarheid, koolstofvastlegging en plaagonderdrukking. Dit blijkt uit de eerste resultaten van de ‘Graadmeter goederen en diensten uit ecosystemen’, die het PBL in deze balans presenteert. Het kabinet wil de Nederlandse ecosysteemdiensten in kaart brengen om ze een volwaardige plaats te geven in de afwegingen van overheden en bedrijven. Daar kan deze graadmeter bij helpen. Nederlandse economie is afhankelijk van natuurlijk kapitaal in buitenland De Nederlandse economie gebruikt veel grondstoffen uit ecosystemen buiten Nederland. Dat maakt de Nederlandse economie afhankelijk van natuurlijke systemen buiten Nederland en tegelijkertijd medeverantwoordelijk voor de wereldwijde aantasting ervan. Een voorhoede van bedrijven maakt zich zorgen over deze afhankelijkheid en erkent haar verantwoordelijkheid, maar vraagt de overheid aan te geven waar het met verduurzaming heen wil en een gelijk speelveld te creëren. Natuurbeleid werpt vruchten af, maar er is nog veel te doen Het tot nu toe uitgevoerde natuurbeleid begint vruchten af te werpen. Planten en dieren profiteren van het herstel, het beheer en de ontwikkeling van de natuur. Het aantal planten en dieren op de Rode Lijsten van bedreigde soorten neemt af, evenals de mate waarin zij worden bedreigd. De staat van instandhouding van veel soorten en habitats is echter nog onvoldoende om de doelstellingen van de Vogel- en Habitatrichtlijn te kunnen realiseren. Ook als de plannen voor het Natuurnetwerk Nederland in 2027 zijn gerealiseerd, zal het niet lukken deze doelstellingen volledig te halen. Ambitie voor verduurzaming landbouw ruimtelijk specificeren De generieke ambitie tot verduurzaming van de landbouw zou ruimtelijk specifiek kunnen worden uitgewerkt. Dan kunnen ecosysteemdiensten worden geleverd op de plaats waar er vraag naar is en kan de landbouw zich elders blijven concentreren op de voedselproductie. De intensiteit waarmee de landbouw natuurlijk kapitaal in Nederland gebruikt, beperkt immers de mogelijkheden om het voor iets anders te benutten dan voedselproductie. En meer ruimte voor andere ecosysteemdiensten, zoals waterberging of recreatie, zal vaak ten koste gaan van die voedselproductie. Innovatiebeleid inzetten om ambities natuurlijk kapitaal te verwezenlijken Een meer duurzame benutting van natuurlijk kapitaal vraagt om innovatie van bijvoorbeeld productieprocessen. Het innovatiebeleid is nog maar beperkt toegespitst op een duurzame benutting van natuurlijk kapitaal. Het zou bovendien meer gebruik kunnen maken van de ervaringskennis van voorlopers op dit gebied, door in te zetten op de vorming van netwerken waarin kennisinstellingen, producenten, ketenpartijen en ngo’s kennis en ervaring kunnen delen. Particuliere financiering van natuurlijk kapitaal komt niet vanzelf tot stand Het kabinet verwacht dat burgers en bedrijven die baat hebben bij natuurlijk kapitaal, er in zullen willen investeren om dit in stand te houden. In de praktijk blijkt dat echter nog nauwelijks te gebeuren. Dat komt deels door gewenning aan de ‘gratis’ beschikbaarheid van natuurlijk kapitaal, maar ook doordat het niet mogelijk is degenen die niet meebetalen aan het behoud uit te sluiten van het profijt ervan.
- Published
- 2014
18. Global wood production : assessment of industrial round wood supply from forest management systems in different global regions
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Arets, E.J.M.M., van der Meer, P.J., Verwer, C.C., Hengeveld, G.M., Tolkamp, G.W., Nabuurs, G.J., and van Oorschot, M.
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houtkap ,clear felling ,velling ,CE - Forest Ecosystems ,forestry ,bosbouw ,Centrum Ecosystemen ,logging ,Centre for Ecosystem Studies ,kaalslag ,felling ,models ,Wageningen Environmental Research ,modellen - Abstract
To meet the global demand for wood the old forest management module of the IMAGE integrated assessment model (Bouwman et al. 2006) only applied clear felling. As a consequence in whole gird cells the forest was completely harvested. In reality, however, there many different ways to produce wood, ranging from selective logging to clear felling and forestry plantations. Each of these logging systems will have different effects on the area needed for wood production and impact on remaining forest and diversity patterns. The global biodiversity model GLOBIO (Alkemade et al. 2009), which is coupled to the IMAGE model, however, needs more precise information on area needed and differentiates in impact of different forest management types. In this report an overview is given of different forest management types (clear felling, selective felling, reduced impact logging and forest plantations) and the associated wood production and harvest losses on an area base in different climate zones (boreal, temperate and tropical). The data were collected form scientific and grey literature for a sample of 20 important wood producing countries across most world regions that are distinguished within the IMAGE model. Together these example countries covered 81.5% of the global industrial round wood production in 2005.
- Published
- 2011
19. Advances on Modelling Riparian Vegetation-Hydromorphology Interactions
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Solari, L., primary, Van Oorschot, M., additional, Belletti, B., additional, Hendriks, D., additional, Rinaldi, M., additional, and Vargas-Luna, A., additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Rethinking Global Biodiversity Strategies: Exploring structural changes in production and consumption to reduce biodiversity loss
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ten Brink, B., van der Esch, S., Kram, T., van Oorschot, M., van Meijl, J.C.M., Tabeau, A.A., and Arets, E.J.M.M.
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nature conservation policy ,LEI Internationaal Beleid ,CE - Forest Ecosystems ,biodiversiteit ,landbouwproductie ,nature conservation ,sustainability ,ecosystemen ,natuurbescherming ,duurzaamheid (sustainability) ,agricultural production ,LEI INT BELEID - Internationale Handel & Markten ,natuurbeleid ,ecosystems ,biodiversity - Abstract
Mondiale ecosystemen staan zwaar onder druk. Het beschermen van waardevolle natuurgebieden is niet voldoende om de afname van de biodiversiteit te verminderen, maar blijft wel noodzakelijk. Om het tempo van het biodiversiteitverlies fors af te remmen, zijn structurele veranderingen in consumptie en productie nodig. Er valt veel winst te behalen bij vermindering van de vleesconsumptie. Daarnaast zijn vooral in de land- en bosbouw, visserij en energievoorziening veranderingen nodig. Het Planbureau identificeert nieuwe strategieën voor VN-top in Nagoya
- Published
- 2010
21. Vleesconsumptie en klimaatbeleid
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Stehfest, E., Bouwman, A.F., van Vuuren, D.P., den Elzen, M.G.J., Eickhout, B., Jeuken, M., van Oorschot, M., and Kabat, P.
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WIMEK ,climatic change ,milieueffect ,vleeswaren ,dieet ,biodiversiteit ,land use ,meat alternates ,klimaatverandering ,environmental impact ,landgebruik ,Earth System Science ,food consumption ,greenhouse gases ,meat products ,Leerstoelgroep Aardsysteemkunde ,voedselconsumptie ,diet ,broeikasgassen ,biodiversity ,vleesvervangers - Abstract
In deze studie wordt de mogelijke invloed van dieetveranderingen op de kosten van ambitieuze klimaatdoelstellingen verkend. Doel van de studie is uitsluitend om in te schatten wat de wereldwijde bijdrage van dieetverandering kan zijn. De vleesconsumptie wordt aangepast in vier varianten van dieetverandering: GeenHerkauwers (geen vlees van herkauwers), GeenVlees (geheel geen vlees), GeenDierproducten (geen enkel dierlijk product) en WilettDieet (een 'gezond' dieet). Hiervoor wordt het geïntegreerde model IMAGE (Integrated Model to Assess the Global Environment) gebruikt. Ook worden resultaten voor landgebruik en biodiversiteit gegeven
- Published
- 2008
22. Biomas Assessment : Assessment of global biomass potentials and their links to food, water, biodiversity, energy demand and economy. Main report
- Author
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Dornburg, V., Faaij, A., Verweij, P., Langeveld, H., van de Ven, G.W.J., Wester, P., van Keulen, H., van Diepen, K., Meeusen, M.J.G., Banse, M.A.H., Ros, J., van Vuuren, D., van den Born, G.J., van Oorschot, M., Smout, F., van Vliet, J.M., Aiking, H., Londo, M., Mozaffarian, H., and Smekens, H.
- Subjects
Alterra - Centrum Geo-informatie ,LEI Internationaal Beleid ,CERES ,Centre Geo-information ,PE&RC ,PRI Agrosysteemkunde ,LEI Consumer & behaviour ,LEI Consument en Gedrag (CONS & GEDRAG) ,Plant Production Systems ,Leerstoelgroep Irrigatie en waterbouwkunde ,Plantaardige Productiesystemen ,LEI Consument and Behaviour ,Life Science ,Agrosystems ,LEI Consument & Gedrag ,Wageningen Environmental Research ,Irrigation and Water Engineering - Abstract
This study provides a comprehensive assessment of global biomass potential estimates, focusing on the various factors affecting these potentials, such as food supplies, water use, biodiversity, energy demands and agro-economics. In addition, a number of studies analysing GHG balances of bioenergy are discussed. After an extensive inventory of recent studies in the different areas (food, water, biodiversity, agro-economics and energy demand); this study integrates the complicated linkages between the various factors, quantifying the consequences of the linkages and knowledge found in the inventory within the limits of the presently available models. The results are translated into an overview of the uncertainties in biomass resource potential estimates and summarises the available knowledge and knowledge gaps. This analysis leads to policy relevant recommendations for sustainable biomass use in the future including R&D needs. Social, legal and institutional aspects of biomass production and use ¿ although of large political relevance ¿ have not been part of this study. Including these aspects might reduce the available biomass potentials compared to technical estimates discussed in this study
- Published
- 2008
23. Biomass Assessment - Assessment of global biomass potentials and their links to food, water, biodiversity, energy demand and economy - Main report
- Author
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Lysen, E., van Egmond, S., Dornburg, V., Faaij, A., Verweij, P., Langeveld, H., van de Ven, G., Wester, F., van Keulen, H., van Diepen, K., Meeusen, M., Banse, M., Ros, J., van Vuuren, D., van den Born, G.J., van Oorschot, M., Smout, F., van Vliet, J., Aiking, H., Londo, M., Mozaffarian, H., and Smekens, K.
- Published
- 2008
24. Biomass Assessment - Assessment of global biomass potentials and their links to food, water, biodiversity, energy demand and economy - Inventory and analysis of existing studies
- Author
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Lysen, E., van Egmond, S., Dornburg, V., Faaij, A., Verweij, P., Langeveld, H., van de Ven, G., Wester, F., van Keulen, H., van Diepen, K., Meeusen, M., Banse, M., Ros, J., van Vuuren, D., van den Born, G.J., van Oorschot, M., Smout, F., van Vliet, J., Aiking, H., Londo, M., Mozaffarian, H., and Smekens, K.
- Published
- 2008
25. Assessment of global biomass potentials and their links to food, water, biodiversity, energy demand and economy: Inventory and analysis of existing studies. Supporting document
- Author
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Dornburg, V., Faaij, A., Verweij, P., Langeveld, H., van de Ven, G.W.J., Wester, P., van Keulen, H., van Diepen, K., Meeusen, M.J.G., Banse, M.A.H., Ros, J., van Vuuren, D., van den Born, G.J., van Oorschot, M., Smout, F., van Vliet, J.M., Aiking, H., Londo, M., Mozaffarian, H., and Smekens, H.
- Subjects
Alterra - Centrum Geo-informatie ,LEI Internationaal Beleid ,CERES ,Centre Geo-information ,PE&RC ,PRI Agrosysteemkunde ,LEI Consumer & behaviour ,LEI Consument en Gedrag (CONS & GEDRAG) ,Plant Production Systems ,Leerstoelgroep Irrigatie en waterbouwkunde ,Plantaardige Productiesystemen ,LEI Consument and Behaviour ,Life Science ,Agrosystems ,LEI Consument & Gedrag ,Wageningen Environmental Research ,Irrigation and Water Engineering - Abstract
This Supporting Document contains the result of the inventory phase of the study: ¿Biomass Assessment: Assessment of global biomass potentials and their links to food, water, biodiversity, energy demand and materials¿. The study was commissioned and supported by the Netherlands Research Program on Climate Change (NRP-CC), subprogram Scientific Assessment and Policy Analysis (WAB).
- Published
- 2008
26. Cross-roads of planet earth's life : exploring means to meet the 2010 biodiversity target : solution-oriented scenarios for Global Biodiversity Outlook 2
- Author
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ten Brink, B.J.E., Alkemade, R., Bakkenes, M., Clement, J., Eickhout, B., Fish, L., de Heer, H., Kram, T., Manders, T., van Meijl, H., Miles, L., Nellemann, C., Lysenko, I., van Oorschot, M., Smout, F., Tabeau, A.A., van Vuuren, D., and Westhoek, H.
- Subjects
Alterra - Centrum Geo-informatie ,LEI Internationaal Beleid ,world ,earth ,government policy ,models ,milieubescherming ,aarde ,milieuwetgeving ,overheidsbeleid ,environmental protection ,modellen ,Netherlands ,biodiversity ,hulpbronnenbehoud ,biodiversiteit ,Centre Geo-information ,biodiversiteitsbepaling ,wereld ,biodiversity assessment ,resource conservation ,MGS ,milieutoets ,environmental assessment ,environmental legislation ,Nederland ,LEI INT BELEID - Internationale Handel & Markten - Abstract
A scenario study from 2000 to 2050 has been performed (by Natuur en Milieuplanbureau, UNEP and WCMC) to explore the effects of future economic, demographic and technical developments on environmental pressures and global biodiversity. Policy options that affect global biodiversity were analysed on their contribution to the 2010 biodiversity targets agreed upon under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). The mean species abundance of natural occurring species was used as indicator for biodiversity. To analyse the economic and environmental consequences of changes in global drivers and policies, we developed a global economic-biophysical framework by combining the extended GTAP model (Van Meijl et al., 2005) with the IMAGE model (Alcamo et al., 1998; IMAGE Team, 2001).
- Published
- 2007
27. Living landscapes: Muddy and vegetated floodplain effects on fluvial pattern in an incised river.
- Author
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Kleinhans MG, de Vries B, Braat L, and van Oorschot M
- Abstract
Cohesive floodplain sediment and vegetation are both thought to cause meandering river patterns. Our aims are to compare the isolated and combined effects of mud and vegetation on river planform and morphodynamics in the setting of intermediate-sized valley rivers. We use a numerical model for century-scale simulation of flow, sediment transport and morphology coupled with riparian vegetation settlement, growth and mortality as functions of species traits on which flow resistance depends. Mud fluxes were predicted by excess shear stress relations in combination with the active layer formulation. We found that valley-flooding water levels increase with vegetation density, causing a higher braiding intensity rather than meandering tendency. The shear stress during floods carves channels through the muddy floodplain surface. Higher mud concentration, on the other hand, increases floodplain aggradation, reduces the overbank flow frequency and ultimately causes formation of a single-thread channel. Vegetation causes mud to deposit closer to the river channel as a levee, showing that mud sedimentation and vegetation settling mutually enhance floodplain formation. However, mud and vegetation counteract in two ways. First, vegetation enhances floodplain accretion, which ultimately increases plant desiccation for high mud concentrations. Second, vegetation increases the tendency of periodic chute cutoffs in valleys. The chute cutoffs locally reset the landscape and create new windows of opportunity for the vegetation. Surprisingly, in systems with a high mud concentration this causes hysteretic loops of vegetation cover and delayed mud deposition. Ramifications for the interpretation of Palaeozoic fluvial facies are that even rootless vegetation, capturing cohesive mud closer to the river channel to form thicker floodplain on the point bar, can enhance the tendency to meander and, under high mud supply, form stable channels. However, meandering is more unlikely in narrower valley rivers with higher vegetation density., (© 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Governance Options to Enhance Ecosystem Services in Cocoa, Soy, Tropical Timber and Palm Oil Value Chains.
- Author
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Ingram V, van den Berg J, van Oorschot M, Arets E, and Judge L
- Subjects
- Conservation of Natural Resources legislation & jurisprudence, Ecosystem, Environmental Policy economics, Environmental Policy legislation & jurisprudence, Forestry economics, Humans, Netherlands, Public-Private Sector Partnerships, Arecaceae growth & development, Cacao growth & development, Commodification, Conservation of Natural Resources economics, Government Regulation, Glycine max growth & development, Wood growth & development
- Abstract
Dutch policies have advocated sustainable commodity value chains, which have implications for the landscapes from which these commodities originate. This study examines governance and policy options for sustainability in terms of how ecosystem services are addressed in cocoa, soy, tropical timber and palm oil value chains with Dutch links. A range of policies addressing ecosystem services were identified, from market governance (certification, payments for ecosystem services) to multi-actor platforms (roundtables) and public governance (policies and regulations). An analysis of policy narratives and interviews identified if and how ecosystem services are addressed within value chains and policies; how the concept has been incorporated into value chain governance; and which governance options are available. The Dutch government was found to take a steering but indirect role in all the cases, primarily through supporting, financing, facilitating and partnering policies. Interventions mainly from end-of-chain stakeholders located in processing and consumption countries resulted in new market governance, notably voluntary sustainability standards. These have been successful in creating awareness of some ecosystem services and bringing stakeholders together. However, they have not fully addressed all ecosystem services or stakeholders, thus failing to increase the sustainability of value chains or of the landscapes of origin. We argue that chains sourced in tropical landscapes may be governed more effectively for sustainability if voluntary, market policy tools and governance arrangements have more integrated goals that take account of sourcing landscapes and impacts along the entire value chain. Given the international nature of these commodities. These findings have significance for debates on public-private approaches to value chain and landscape governance.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Identification of BSPRY as a novel auxiliary protein inhibiting TRPV5 activity.
- Author
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van de Graaf SF, van der Kemp AW, van den Berg D, van Oorschot M, Hoenderop JG, and Bindels RJ
- Subjects
- Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Calcitriol physiology, Calcium metabolism, Calcium Channels analysis, Calcium Channels physiology, Cell Line, Molecular Sequence Data, Proteins analysis, Proteins chemistry, TRPV Cation Channels analysis, TRPV Cation Channels physiology, Xenopus, Proteins physiology, TRPV Cation Channels antagonists & inhibitors
- Abstract
Transient receptor potential vallinoid 5 (TRPV5) and TRPV6 are the most Ca2+-selective members of the TRP superfamily and are essential for active Ca2+ (re)absorption in epithelia. However, little is known about intracellular proteins that regulate the activity of these channels. This study identified BSPRY (B-box and SPRY-domain containing protein) as a novel factor involved in the control of TRPV5. The interaction between BSPRY and TRPV5 by GST pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation assays was demonstrated. BSPRY showed co-localization with TRPV5 in mouse kidney. Expression of BSPRY resulted in a significant reduction of the Ca2+ influx in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney cells that stably express TRPV5 without affecting channel cell-surface abundance. Finally, BSPRY expression in kidney was increased in 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1alpha-hydroxylase knockout mice, suggesting an inverse regulation by vitamin D3. Together, these results demonstrate the physiologic role of the novel protein BSPRY in the regulation of epithelial Ca2+ transport via negative modulation of TRPV5 activity.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Stem cell factor receptor (c-KIT) codon 816 mutations predict development of bilateral testicular germ-cell tumors.
- Author
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Looijenga LH, de Leeuw H, van Oorschot M, van Gurp RJ, Stoop H, Gillis AJ, de Gouveia Brazao CA, Weber RF, Kirkels WJ, van Dijk T, von Lindern M, Valk P, Lajos G, Olah E, Nesland JM, Fosså SD, and Oosterhuis JW
- Subjects
- Adult, DNA, Neoplasm blood, DNA, Neoplasm genetics, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Germinoma pathology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Polymerase Chain Reaction methods, Seminoma genetics, Testicular Neoplasms pathology, Codon genetics, Germinoma genetics, Mutation, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit genetics, Testicular Neoplasms genetics
- Abstract
Testicular germ-cell tumors (TGCTs) of adolescents and adults originate from intratubular germ cell neoplasia (ITGCN), which is composed of the malignant counterparts of embryonal germ cells. ITGCN cells are characterized, among others, by the presence of stem cell factor receptor c-KIT. Once established, ITGCN will always progress to invasiveness. Approximately 2.5-5% of patients with a TGCT will develop bilateral disease and require complete castration, resulting in infertility, a need for lifelong androgen replacement, and psychological stress. To date, the only way to predict a contralateral tumor is surgical biopsy of the contralateral testis to demonstrate ITGCN. We did a retrospective study of 224 unilateral and 61 proven bilateral TGCTs (from 46 patients, in three independently collected series in Europe) for the presence of activating c-KIT codon 816 mutations. A c-KIT codon 816 mutation was found in three unilateral TGCT (1.3%), and in 57 bilateral TGCTs (93%; P < 0.0001). In the two wild-type bilateral tumors for which ITGCN was available, the preinvasive cells contained the mutation. The mutations were somatic in origin and identical in both tumors. We conclude that somatic activating codon 816 c-KIT mutations are associated with development of bilateral TGCT. Detection of c-KIT codon 816 mutations in unilateral TGCT identifies patients at risk for bilateral disease. These patients may undergo tailored treatment to prevent the development of bilateral disease, with retention of testicular hormonal function.
- Published
- 2003
31. Restricted 12p amplification and RAS mutation in human germ cell tumors of the adult testis.
- Author
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Roelofs H, Mostert MC, Pompe K, Zafarana G, van Oorschot M, van Gurp RJ, Gillis AJ, Stoop H, Beverloo B, Oosterhuis JW, Bokemeyer C, and Looijenga LH
- Subjects
- Adult, Apoptosis genetics, Cell Division genetics, Cell Division physiology, Cell Survival genetics, Genetic Variation, Germinoma pathology, Humans, Male, Neoplasm Invasiveness genetics, Neoplasm Invasiveness pathology, Neoplasm Staging, Proto-Oncogene Mas, Testicular Neoplasms pathology, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12 genetics, Gene Amplification, Genes, ras genetics, Germinoma genetics, Mutation, Testicular Neoplasms genetics
- Abstract
Human testicular germ-cell tumors of young adults (TGCTs), both seminomas and nonseminomas, are characterized by 12p overrepresentation, mostly as isochromosomes, of which the biological and clinical significance is still unclear. A limited number of TGCTs has been identified with an additional high-level amplification of a restricted region of 12p including the K-RAS proto-oncogene. Here we show that the incidence of these restricted 12p amplifications is approximately 8% in primary TGCTs. Within a single cell formation of i(12p) and restricted 12p amplification is mutually exclusive. The borders of the amplicons cluster in short regions, and the amplicon was never found in the adjacent carcinoma in situ cells. Seminomas with the restricted 12p amplification virtually lacked apoptosis and the tumor cells showed prolonged in vitro survival like seminoma cells with a mutated RAS gene. However, no differences in proliferation index between these different groups of seminomas were found. Although patients with a seminoma containing a homogeneous restricted 12p amplification presented at a significantly younger age than those lacking it, the presence of a restricted 12p amplification/RAS mutation did not predict the stage of the disease at clinical presentation and the treatment response of primary seminomas. In 55 primary and metastatic tumors from 44 different patients who failed cisplatinum-based chemotherapy, the restricted 12p amplification and RAS mutations had the same incidence as in the consecutive series of responding patients. These data support the model that gain of 12p in TGCTs is related to invasive growth. It allows tumor cells, in particular those showing characteristics of early germ cells (ie, the seminoma cells), to survive outside their specific microenvironment. Overexpression of certain genes on 12p probably inhibits apoptosis in these tumor cells. However, the copy numbers of the restricted amplification of 12p and K-RAS mutations do not predict response to therapy and survival of the patients.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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