23 results on '"van Melis, Juliano"'
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2. Intensive silviculture enhances biomass accumulation and tree diversity recovery in tropical forest restoration
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Brancalion, Pedro H. S., Campoe, Otávio, Mendes, João Carlos Teixeira, Noel, Camilla, Moreira, Gabriela G., van Melis, Juliano, Stape, José Luiz, and Guillemot, Joannès
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- 2019
3. ON THE NEED FOR INNOVATION IN ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION
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Brancalion, Pedro H. S. and van Melis, Juliano
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- 2017
4. Does phylogeny have a role in the liana-phorophyte interaction in tropical forests?
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Zulqarnain, Silva, Igor A., Sfair, Julia C., van Melis, Juliano, Weiser, Veridiana L., and Martins, Fernando R.
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- 2016
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5. Morphometric analysis of fetal development of Cavia porcellus (Linnaeus, 1758) by ultrasonography—Pilot study
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Santos, Juliana, Fonseca, Erika, van Melis, Juliano, and Miglino, Maria Angélica
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- 2014
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6. Multifunctional soil recovery during the restoration of Brazil's Atlantic Forest after bauxite mining
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Bizuti, Denise T. G., primary, Robin, Agnès, additional, Soares, Thaís M., additional, Moreno¹, Vanessa S., additional, Almeida, Danilo R. A., additional, Andreote, Fernando D., additional, Casagrande, José Carlos, additional, Guillemot, Joannès, additional, Herrmann, Laetitia, additional, van Melis, Juliano, additional, Perim, Júlia E. L., additional, de Medeiros, Simone D. S., additional, Sorrini, Taísi B., additional, and Brancalion, Pedro H. S., additional
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- 2022
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7. Nested liana-tree network in three distinct neotropical vegetation formations
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Sfair, Julia Caram, Rochelle, André Luis Casarin, Rezende, Andréia Alves, van Melis, Juliano, Weiser, Veridiana de Lara, and Martins, Fernando Roberto
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- 2010
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8. Variation in liana abundance and biomass along an elevational gradient in the tropical Atlantic Forest (Brazil)
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Alves, Luciana F., Assis, Marco A., van Melis, Juliano, Barros, Ana L. S., Vieira, Simone A., Martins, Fernando R., Martinelli, Luiz A., and Joly, Carlos A.
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- 2012
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9. Recovery of soil phosphorus on former bauxite mines through tropical forest restoration
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Bizuti, Denise T. G., primary, de Marchi Soares, Thaís, additional, Duarte, Marina M., additional, Casagrande, José C., additional, de Souza Moreno, Vanessa, additional, Peinado, Francisco J. M., additional, Sartorio de Medeiros, Simone D., additional, van Melis, Juliano, additional, Schweizer, Daniella, additional, and Brancalion, Pedro H. S., additional
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- 2020
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10. Exotic eucalypts: From demonized trees to allies of tropical forest restoration?
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Brancalion, Pedro H. S., primary, Amazonas, Nino T., additional, Chazdon, Robin L., additional, van Melis, Juliano, additional, Rodrigues, Ricardo R., additional, Silva, Carina C., additional, Sorrini, Taísi B., additional, and Holl, Karen D., additional
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- 2019
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11. Determinação da área foliar específica de diferentes espécies de três fitofisionomias do Pantanal Sul.
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Lira da Silva Bastos, Kaio Vinicius, Van Melis, Juliano, Nunes Vaz Pedroso, Andrea, Luiz dos Santos, Anderson, and Menolli, Nelson
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LEAF area ,PHENOTYPIC plasticity ,STATISTICS ,PHOTOSYNTHESIS - Abstract
Copyright of Ambiência is the property of Revista Ambiencia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2019
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12. Phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation favor range expansion of a Neotropical palm.
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Brancalion, Pedro H. S., Oliveira, Giancarlo C. X., Zucchi, Maria I., Novello, Mariana, Van Melis, Juliano, Zocchi, Silvio S., Chazdon, Robin L., and Rodrigues, Ricardo R.
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PHENOTYPIC plasticity ,BIOLOGICAL adaptation ,TROPICAL forests ,PALMS ,EUTERPE edulis - Abstract
Abstract: One of the most intriguing questions in plant ecology is which evolutionary strategy allows widely distributed species to increase their ecological range and grow in changing environmental conditions. Phenotypic plasticity and local adaptations are major processes governing species range margins, but little is known about their relative contribution for tree species distribution in tropical forest regions. We investigated the relative role of phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation in the ecological distribution of the widespread palm Euterpe edulis in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Genetic sampling and experiments were performed in old‐growth remnants of two forest types with higher (Seasonal Semideciduous Forests vs. Submontane Rainforest) and lower biogeographic association and environmental similarities (Submontane Rainforest vs. Restinga Forest). We first assessed the molecular genetic differentiation among populations, focusing on the group of loci potentially under selection in each forest, using single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) outliers. Further, we looked for potential adaptive divergence among populations in a common garden experiment and in reciprocal transplants for two plant development phases: seedling establishment and sapling growth. Analysis with outlier loci indicated that all individuals from the Semideciduous Forest formed a single group, while another group was formed by overlapping individuals from Submontane Rainforest and Restinga Forest. Molecular differentiation was corroborated by reciprocal transplants, which yielded strong evidence of local adaptations for seedling establishment in the biogeographically divergent Rainforest and Semideciduous Forest, but not for Restinga Forest and Submontane Rainforest. Phenotypic plasticity for palm seedling establishment favors range expansion to biogeographically related or recently colonized forest types, while persistence in the newly colonized ecosystem may be favored by local adaptations if climatic conditions diverge over time, reducing gene flow between populations. SNPs obtained by next‐generation sequencing can help exploring adaptive genetic variation in tropical trees, which impose several challenges to the use of reciprocal transplants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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13. Weak phylogenetic signal for specialisation in antagonistic liana–tree networks
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Sfair, Julia C., primary, Rochelle, André L.C., additional, Rezende, Andréia A., additional, van Melis, Juliano, additional, Weiser, Veridiana de L., additional, and Martins, Fernando R., additional
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- 2015
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14. Theoretical approaches to liana management: a search for a less harmful method
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Sfair, Julia C., primary, Rochelle, André L. C., additional, van Melis, Juliano, additional, Rezende, Andréia A., additional, Weiser, Veridiana de L., additional, and Martins, Fernando R., additional
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- 2015
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15. Lianas : above-ground biomass in neotropical forests and species richness and above-ground biomass in a stand of the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest
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Van Melis, Juliano, 1981, Martins, Fernando Roberto, 1949, Braamante, Veridiana de Lara Weiser, Oliveira, Rafael Silva, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Biologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, and UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS
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Ecologia vegetal ,Mata Atlântica ,Lianas ,Atlantic Forest (Brazil) ,Plant ecology - Abstract
Orientador: Fernando Roberto Martins Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia Resumo: As lianas (plantas trepadeiras lenhosas) são importantes componentes nos ciclos biogeoquímicos e da biodiversidade nas florestas tropicais. A partir dos dados estruturais das árvores e lianas em um hectare (23º21¿54¿-23º21¿59¿S; 45º05¿02¿-45º05¿04¿W)de Floresta Ombrófila Densa Atlântica (348-395 m) construímos dois capítulos. O primeiro teve como objetivos estudar variáveis estruturais que determinam a abundância e biomassa acima do solo das lianas (LAGB). Nossas hipóteses eram que havia correlação positiva entre abundância e LAGB com a abundância e biomassa aérea de árvores (AAGB), e negativamente com a abundância de palmeiras e samambaiaçus (grupo sem fuste). Em uma escala continental investigamos quais variáveis geográficas e climáticas determinariam maiores valores absolutos e relativos (contribuição das lianas na biomassa florestal total) de LAGB. Encontramos correlação entre abundância de árvores pequenas e a AAGB com a abundância das lianas pequenas, não sendo encontradas outras correlações relevantes. A biomassa aérea individual dos forófitos e lianas associadas tiveram correlação positiva fraca. Nenhuma variável sozinha explicou os valores absolutos e proporcionais de LAGB na escala continental, apesar da sazonalidade da precipitação ser a mais importante dentre aquelas colocadas. Acreditamos que a sazonalidade da precipitação caracterize florestas com árvores caducifólias, permitindo maior entrada de luz, beneficiando em importância sociológica (abundância e área basal) as lianas nessas florestas. A LAGB na escala fina depende de suportes potencialmente adequados, pois as lianas grandes estão associadas a árvores de grande biomassa. Mas a existência de grandes árvores não necessariamente decorre em maior LAGB. Portanto, destacamos que a susceptibilidade das árvores à escalada das lianas acarretaria maior abundância e LAGB nas florestas tropicais. No segundo capítulo buscamos investigar qual é a relação observada entre a riqueza das espécies lenhosas amostradas com a sua produtividade (SRPR), assumindo a biomassa aérea (AGB) como valor de produtividade. Nossas expectativas foram: a) as lianas têm uma SRPR de forma unimodal, devido à reprodução clonal e ao predomínio da exclusão competitiva; b) as árvores têm uma SRPR linear positiva, devido à complementaridade das espécies; c) a inclusão das lianas altera a SRPR, devido aos seus baixos valores de AGB e alta contribuição para a riqueza; d) a variação de abundância influi na correlação entre a riqueza e a AGB, pois ambas dependem da abundância. Todas as SRPR foram significativas, mesmo com a inclusão da abundância, indicando que a SRPR não é um artefato decorrente de características da comunidade. As lianas apresentaram SRPR unimodal, e as árvore e o conjunto lianas+árvores apresentaram SRPR linear positiva. A inclusão das lianas não alterou a forma monotônica da SRPR nem a inclinação da reta de regressão, mas produziu um intercepto maior, indicando que a inclusão das lianas aumenta a riqueza em qualquer valor de AGB, mesmo com SRPR linear e positiva Abstract: Lianas (woody climbing plants) are important components in biogeochemical cycles and biodiversity in tropical forests. Two chapters were written from the data of a stand (23º21¿54¿-23º21¿59¿S; 45º05¿02¿-45º05¿04¿W) of lianas and trees in Atlantic Rain Forest (348-395 m). The first chapter aimed at studying structural variables that determine the abundance and lianas above-ground biomass (LAGB) and the correlation of these variables to the above-ground biomass phorophytes on local scale. Our assumptions were that the LAGB and lianas abundance was positively correlated with the above-ground biomass (AAGB) and arboreal abundance, and negatively correlated with the abundance and types of trees without bole (palm and ferns). We also investigated, in continental scale, the geographical and the climatic variables which determine the largest absolute and relative (lianas contribution to total above-ground biomass) LAGB. We found a positive correlation between abundance of small trees and AAGB with the abundance of small lianas, and no correlation between the group without bole and AAGB with LAGB. There was weak positive correlation between the individual phorophytes biomass and associated lianas. At a continental scale any variable alone explained the absolute and proportional LAGB, despite the seasonality of precipitation to be the most important among those released. We believe that the seasonality of precipitation features forests with caducifolius trees, occurring largest entry of light during the dry season, benefiting lianas in sociological importance (higher values of basal area and abundance) on the forests. On local scale, the LAGB depends of tree potentially suitable, because the large liana, which are the largest contributors of LAGB, are associated with large trees. But the large trees do not necessarily result in greater value of LAGB. Therefore the susceptibility of trees to lianas is a factor that would result in greater abundance and LAGB in tropical forests. The second chapter sought investigate the relationship between richness of trees, lianas both the woody floras with its productivity (SRPR), assuming the above-ground biomass (AGB) as a surrogate of productivity. Our expectations were: a) lianas has a unimodal SRPR, due to clonal reproduction and the dominance of competitive exclusion, b) Trees has a positive linear SRPR, due to the complementarity of species c) the inclusion of lianas changes the SRPR of woody flora, due to its low contribution to the AGB and high contribution to the richness d) the change of abundance influences the correlation between richness and AGB, because both depends on the abundance. All SRPR were statistically significant, even with the inclusion of abundance, indicating that the SRPR is not an artifact due to characteristics of the community. We found a unimodal SRPR for lianas and a positive linear SRPR for trees and of trees and lianas as a whole. The inclusion of lianas not changed the monotonic SRPR nor the inclination of the straight regression, but produced a higher value of intercept, indicating that the inclusion of lianas increases the value of wealth in any AGB, even with positive linear SRPR Mestrado Mestre em Biologia Vegetal
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- 2008
16. Corrigendum to “Does phylogeny have a role in the liana-phorophyte interaction in tropical forests?” [Perspect. Plant Ecol. Evol. Syst. 21 (August 2016) 14–22]
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Zulqarnain, Silva, Igor A., Sfair, Julia C., van Melis, Juliano, Rochelle, André L.C., Weiser, Veridiana L., and Martins, Fernando R.
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- 2017
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17. Liana avoidance strategies in trees: combined attributes increase efficiency.
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SFAIR, JULIA CARAM, CASARIN ROCHELLE, ANDRÉ LUIS, REZENDE, ANDRÉIA ALVES, VAN MELIS, JULIANO, BURNHAM, ROBYN J., DE LARA WEISER, VERIDIANA, and MARTINS, FERNANDO ROBERTO
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FOREST plants ,LIANAS ,TREES ,BARK ,SAVANNAS ,PLANTS & the environment - Abstract
We investigated the importance of specific tree attributes: height, exfoliating bark, smooth bark, and fast growth to determine whether single or multiple attributes were more important in liana colonization on trees. Specifically we asked: Does the presence of multiple liana-shedding attributes in trees reduce the number of lianas on a tree? We sampled the number of lianas on each tree and recorded tree attributes in three ecologically distinct sites in southeast Brazil. Data were analyzed using model selection by Akaike Information Criterion, in which the number of lianas on a tree was the response variable and tree attributes were explanatory variables. We found that a combination of two attributes in trees was sufficient to deter liana infestation, whereas only one attribute had zero probability of deterring lianas across all sites. Taller trees bear more lianas, probably because of their well-lit canopies, but tree height was always associated with other attributes: slow growth in rain forest, exfoliating bark in seasonal forest, and rough bark in savanna woodland. We conclude that the presence of two attributes is sufficient to reduce liana infestation on a tree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
18. Variation in liana abundance and biomass along an elevational gradient in the tropical Atlantic Forest (Brazil)
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Alves, Luciana F., primary, Assis, Marco A., additional, van Melis, Juliano, additional, Barros, Ana L. S., additional, Vieira, Simone A., additional, Martins, Fernando R., additional, Martinelli, Luiz A., additional, and Joly, Carlos A., additional
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- 2011
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19. Estruturação da comunidade de trepadeiras em uma floresta estacional semidecídua
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Van Melis, Juliano, primary
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20. Lianas
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Van Melis, Juliano, primary
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21. The Basal Respiration Rate of the Soil in Mined Areas.
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Gonçalves Bizuti, Denise Teresinha, de Lima Perim, Júlia Elídia, van Melis, Juliano, Andreote, Fernando Dini, Santin Brancalion, Pedro Henrique, and Casagrande, José Carlos
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- 2018
22. Effect of canopy tree species on the dynamics of tree seedlings populations
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Maria Gabriela Kiss Cornia, Rodrigues, Ricardo Ribeiro, Van Melis, Juliano, Isernhagen, Ingo, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Biologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, and UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS
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Forest canopies ,Understory plants ,Biodiversidade ,Dossel florestal ,Biodiversity ,Forests ,Florestas ,Plantas de sub-bosque - Abstract
Orientador: Ricardo Ribeiro Rodrigues Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia Resumo: Em comunidades florestais, as árvores do dossel modificam as condições ambientais e a disponibilidade de recursos abaixo de suas copas, que podem afetar a presença, abundância e desenvolvimento das espécies de plantas no sub-bosque (efeito filtro). Os possíveis processos envolvidos nesse efeito e suas consequências na estrutura e diversidade da comunidade regenerante em florestas ainda precisam ser investigados. Embora o efeito filtro possivelmente envolva muitos processos, a deposição de serapilheira tem sido apontada como um importante processo desse efeito. Os objetivos são investigar como as árvores do dossel afetam a dinâmica de populações regenerantes sob suas copas e verificar se a queda de serapilheira se relaciona a esse efeito. Em uma floresta tropical em Campinas, SP, Brasil, selecionei 25 indivíduos de cinco espécies arbóreas de dossel (cinco indivíduos de cada espécie), "Aspidosperma polyneuron" Müll.Arg, "Astronium graveolens" Jacq, "Croton piptocalyx" Müll.Arg, "Diatenopteryx sorbifolia" Radlk. e "Pachystroma longifolium" (Nees) I.M.John. Abaixo da copa de cada indivíduo, introduzi quatro parcelas que em conjunto continham 24 mudas de "Gallesia integrifolia" (Spreng.) Harms, quatro de Ceiba speciosa (A.St.-Hil.) Ravenna, 16 de "Hymenaea courbaril" L. e 16 de "Piptadenia gonoacantha" (Mart.) JFMacbr. Após um ano, contei o número de mudas mortas e medi a variação em altura dos sobreviventes. Ao lado de cada parcela, instalei coletores de serapilheira, cujo conteúdo coletei ao longo do mesmo ano. Esperava que a variação de altura e número de mortas, após um ano, para cada espécie de muda fosse diferente sob cada espécie de dossel, o que caracterizaria o efeito filtro. Além disso, esperava que a variação de altura e o número de mortas fosse relacionado a massa de queda de serapilheira abaixo da respectiva espécie de dossel. Avaliei o efeito filtro sobre as mudas e um possível papel da serapilheira nesse efeito pela construção de modelos lineares mistos e generalizados da mortalidade e crescimento de cada espécie de muda plantada sob copas de diferentes espécies de dossel. A mortalidade das mudas de "C. speciosa" apresentou efeito das espécies de dossel em interação com a massa de queda de serapilheira abaixo dessas espécies. "H. courbaril" apresentou diferenças de crescimento e mortalidade sob as diferentes espécies de dossel, e a massa de serapilheira apresentou relação com o crescimento. "G. integrifolia" teve diferença de mortalidade associada a massa de serapilheira somente, independentemente da espécie de dossel. Já o crescimento de "P. gonoacantha" apresentou influência das espécies de dossel. Esses resultados mostram que a maneira como a dinâmica das populações regenerantes responde ao efeito filtro das espécies do dossel varia em algum grau entre regenerantes das diferentes espécies. Possivelmente, o tipo de resposta ao efeito filtro depende das diferentes características que se relacionam às diferentes estratégias de crescimento e sobrevivência das populações regenerantes. Concluímos que o dossel das florestas, pela atuação do efeito filtro, pode ser um fator chave para determinar a dinâmica da regeneração e assim, determinar, em certo grau, a estrutura e composição do dossel futuro das florestas Abstract: In forest communities, canopy trees modify environmental conditions and the availability of resources below their crowns, which can affect the presence, abundance and development of plant species in the understory (filter effect). The possible processes involved in this effect and its consequences on the structure and diversity of the forest regenerating community have yet to be investigated. Although the filter effect possibly involves many processes, litter deposition has been identified as an important process of this effect. The objectives are to investigate how canopy trees affect the dynamics of regenerating populations under their crowns and to see if the fall of litter is related to this effect. In a tropical forest in Campinas, SP, Brazil, I selected 25 individuals from five canopy tree species (five individuals of each species), Aspidosperma polyneuron Müll.Arg, "Astronium graveolens" Jacq, "Croton piptocalyx" Müll.Arg, "Diatenopteryx sorbifolia" Radlk. and "Pachystroma longifolium" (Nees) I.M.John. Below the canopy of each individual, I introduced four plots that together contained 24 seedlings of "Gallesia integrifolia" (Spreng.) Harms, four from "Ceiba speciosa" (A.St.-Hil.) Ravenna, 16 from "Hymenaea courbaril" L. and 16 from "Piptadenia gonoacantha" (Mart.) JFMacbr. After 12 months, I counted the number of seedlings killed and measured the variation in height of the survivors. Next to each plot, I installed litter collectors, whose content I collected over the 12 months. I expected that the variation in height and number of dead, after 12 months, for each species of seedling would be different under each species of canopy, which would characterize the filter effect. In addition, I expected the height variation and the number of dead to be related to the litter fall mass below the respective canopy species. I evaluated the filter effect on the seedlings and a possible role of litter in this effect by building mixed and generalized linear models of mortality and growth of each species of seedling planted under canopy of different species of canopy. The mortality of C. speciosa seedlings had an effect of the canopy species in interaction with the litter fall mass below these species. H. courbaril showed differences in growth and mortality under the different canopy species, and the litter mass was related to growth. G. integrifolia had a difference in mortality associated with litter mass only, regardless of the canopy species. The growth of P. gonoacantha was influenced by the canopy species. These results show that the way in which the dynamics of regenerating populations responds to the filter effect of canopy species varies to some degree among regenerants of different species. Possibly, the type of response to the filter effect depends on the different characteristics that are related to the different growth and survival strategies of regenerating populations. We conclude that the canopy of forests, by means of the filter effect, can be a key factor to determine the dynamics of regeneration and thus determine, to some degree, the structure and composition of the future canopy of forests Mestrado Biologia Vegetal Mestra em Biologia Vegetal CNPQ 132852/2018-7 FAPESP 2016/24294-1 CAPES 001
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- 2020
23. Artificial enrichment in the Atlantic Forest
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Laíne Silveira Corrêa, Rodrigues, Ricardo Ribeiro, Koch, Ingrid, Van Melis, Juliano, Gandolfi, Sergius, Garcia, Letícia Couto, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Biologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, and UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS
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Restoration ecology ,Avaliação de custo-efetividade ,Forest restoration ,Florestas - Conservação ,Cost-effectiveness evaluation ,Ecologia florestal ,Forest ecology ,Restauração florestal ,Forest conservation - Abstract
Orientador: Ricardo Ribeiro Rodrigues Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia Resumo: Para potencializar a regeneração natural de florestas intensamente antropizadas, o enriquecimento artificial propõe a introdução de espécies de plantas de diferentes formas de crescimento, ausentes na área no momento presente. O conhecimento atual sobre o estabelecimento inicial de espécies para enriquecimento ainda carece de estudos, pois a tolerância de cada planta ao ambiente florestal é extremamente variável, devido sua autoecologia e interação interespecífica. Além disso, o elevado custo do plantio de mudas rustificadas tende a inviabilizar os projetos de enriquecimento. No entanto, poucos estudos avaliam o custo e a efetividade do enriquecimento com uso de distintos tamanhos de propágulos da mesma espécie. Para avançar nos conhecimentos sobre enriquecimento artificial, neste estudo procuramos responder às seguintes perguntas: I. Diferentes espécies de diversidade apresentam desempenho adequado (sobrevivência e crescimento iniciais) em distintos ambientes florestais? II. Qual método de enriquecimento (semeadura direta, plantio de mudas pequenas e grandes), apresenta equilíbrio entre custo e efetividade? Assim, no Capítulo 1 desta tese avaliamos a sobrevivência e crescimento iniciais de cinco espécies: Byrsonima sericea DC. (murici), Euterpe edulis Mart. (palmito-juçara), Lecythis pisonis Cambess. (sapucaia), Psidium cattleianum Sabine (araçá), Parkia pendula (Willd.) Benth. ex. Walp. (visgueiro), utilizando-se mudas rustificadas, em duas florestas: florestas naturais degradadas e floresta em processo de restauração, com a hipótese que a estrutura dos ambientes florestais influencia o estabelecimento inicial das espécies de diversidade, sendo favorecido em florestas naturais degradadas. Nossos resultados demonstraram que as variações do ambiente florestal influenciaram no desempenho das populações, em especial B. sericea, E. edulis e P. pendula, em floresta natural. Ao contrário do esperado, a floresta em restauração proporciona 17 vezes mais chance de sobrevivência que as florestas naturais. Para as espécies com elevada mortalidade deste estudo, sugerimos ampliar o número de indivíduos no plantio e avaliar a necessidade de replantio ainda no período chuvoso. No Capítulo 2 avaliamos o equilíbrio entre custo e efetividade do enriquecimento, na hipótese que a utilização de propágulos menores resulta em baixa sobrevivência final, assim tornando o custo final mais elevado do que mudas grandes. Selecionamos seis espécies de diversidade: Allagoptera caudescens (Mart.) Kuntze (buri), B. sericea, E. edulis, L. pisonis, P. cattleianum e P. pendula. Testamos três tamanhos de propágulos: sementes viáveis, mudas pequenas e grandes. Os resultados mostram que uma muda grande tem três vezes mais chance de sobreviver nas florestas em restauração, comparadas aos demais tamanhos. O custo total da semeadura foi 42% menor que mudas pequenas e 62% que mudas grandes. Para mudas pequenas o custo total foi 34% menor do que mudas grandes. As horas de trabalho representam 58% do valor final. Nesse estudo, o enriquecimento com semeadura direta foi ineficiente para a maioria das espécies, comparando-se com a sobrevivência final dos demais métodos. Para mudas pequenas, o equilíbrio entre custo e efetividade foi em espécies com maior acúmulo de reservas na semente. Sugerimos a associação de dois ou mais métodos como estratégia mais eficaz de enriquecimento artificial, e a presença de três ou mais pares de folhas para a retirada das mudas pequenas do viveiro Abstract: To enhance the natural regeneration of intensely anthropic forests, artificial enrichment proposes the introduction of plant species of different growth forms, absent in the area at present. Current knowledge about the initial establishment of species for enrichment still lacks studies, since the tolerance of each plant to the forest environment is extremely variable due to its self-ecology and interspecific interaction. In addition, the high cost of planting rustified seedlings tends to make the enrichment projects unviable. However, few studies evaluate the cost and effectiveness of enrichment with the use of different sizes of propagules of the same species. In order to advance the knowledge about artificial enrichment, in this study we try to answer the following questions: I. Different species of diversity present adequate performance (initial survival and growth) in different forest environments? II. Which method of enrichment (direct seeding, small and large seedlings) has a balance between cost and effectiveness? Thus, in Chapter 1 of this thesis, we evaluated the initial survival and growth of five species: Byrsonima sericea DC. (murici), Euterpe edulis Mart. (palmito-juçara), Lecythis pisonis Cambess. (sapucaia), Psidium cattleianum Sabine (araca), Parkia pendula (Willd.) Benth. ex. Walp. (visgueiro), using rustified seedlings in two forests: degraded natural forests and forest undergoing restoration, with the hypothesis that the structure of forest environments influences the initial establishment of diverse species, being favored in degraded natural forests. Our results demonstrated that the variations of the forest environment influenced the performance of the populations, especially B. sericea, E. edulis, and P. pendula, in natural forest. Contrary to expectations, the forest under restoration provides 17 times more chance of survival than the natural forests. For the species with high mortality of this study, we suggest to increase the number of individuals in the planting and to evaluate the need for replanting in the rainy season. In Chapter 2 we evaluated the balance between cost and effectiveness of enrichment, assuming that the use of smaller propagules results in low final survival, thus making the final cost higher than large seedlings. We selected six species of diversity: Allagoptera caudescens (Mart.) Kuntze (buri), B. sericea, E. edulis, L. pisonis, P. cattleianum, and P. pendula. We tested three sizes of seedlings: viable seeds, small and large seedlings. The results show that a large molt is three times more likely to survive in forests under forest undergoing restoration, compared to other sizes. The total cost of sowing was 42% lower than the small seedlings and 62% than large seedlings. For small seedlings, the total cost was 34% smaller than large seedlings. Working hours represent 58% of the final value. In this study, direct sowing enrichment was inefficient for most species, comparing with the final survival of the other methods. For small seedlings, the balance between cost and effectiveness was in species with greater accumulation of reserves in the seed. We suggest the association of two or more methods as a more effective artificial enrichment strategy and the presence of three or more pairs of leaves for the removal of small seedlings from the nursery Doutorado Biologia Vegetal Doutora em Biologia Vegetal CAPES CNPQ 140361/2017-0 FAPESP 2013/50718-5
- Published
- 2019
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