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2. Environmental arsenic exposure and risk of cardiovascular disease

Author

Van Daalen, Kim Robin, Butterworth, Adam, and Oliver-Williams, Clare

Subjects
Arsenic, Cardiovascular disease, Environmental pollution, Myocardial infarction, Toxic metals
Abstract

Background: Environmental exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs), one of the most abundant elements in the earth's crust, is widely recognised as a major global health risk - millions of people are estimated to be chronically exposed to arsenic worldwide. Yet, compared to arsenic-related cancer and skin lesions, research on arsenic-related cardiometabolic disease, particularly at lower exposure levels, has been limited. This PhD thesis aims to investigate the epidemiological relationship between chronic environmental arsenic exposure and several sub-types of cardiometabolic disease, with a primary focus on cardiovascular disease (CVD), specifically myocardial infarction (MI), as well as diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension. Data sources: Firstly, to explore the relationship between toenail arsenic (including arsenic metabolites and metabolism markers) with MI, the Bangladesh Risk of Acute Vascular Events (BRAVE) study, a case-control study of 1,532 MI cases and 1,334 controls, was used. Secondly, to explore the dose-response relationship between arsenic and several CVD endpoints, a systematic review and two-stage dose-response meta-analyses were performed on 35 studies. Thirdly, to assess the association of environmental arsenic exposure with two major CVD risk factors, diabetes mellitus and hypertension, a systematic review and two-stage dose-response meta-analyses were performed on 71 studies. Lastly, to explore whether genetic variation may be at least partially responsible for inter-individual variation in arsenic-related cardiometabolic disease susceptibility, a narrative systematic review on 14 unique candidate gene-environment (cGxE) studies reporting on 650 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 145 genes was used. Main results: In BRAVE, MI was positively associated with higher toenail monomethylated arsenic (MMA) in μg/g, higher MMA% and a higher primary methylation index (PMI) in both categorical and continuous logistic regression models, and negatively associated with higher iAs% and a higher secondary methylation index (SMI). No statistically significant associations were found for total arsenic (tAs), iAs and dimethyalated arsenic (DMA) in μg/g, nor for DMA%. Dose-response meta-analyses found consistent positive associations between water arsenic concentrations and coronary heart disease (CHD) [fatal, non-fatal, overall], non-fatal stroke, CVD (fatal, non-fatal, overall), hypertension, DM type 2, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Analyses on low water arsenic concentrations showed positive associations below 10 μg/l for several of the cardiometabolic outcomes studied. From the total of 35 studies on CVD endpoints, and 71 studies on hypertension or DM, only 4 (low quality) studies reported statistically significant negative associations. In the narrative systematic review, 29 SNPs in 21 genes as well as 3 haplotypes (involved in e.g. arsenic metabolism, DNA damage repair, endothelial function, inflammation) were indicative of SNP-arsenic interactions associated with cardiometabolic outcomes. Conclusion: This PhD thesis presents further supports evidence that people exposed to chronic environmental arsenic pollution may be at greater risk for cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus type 2 and gestational diabetes. Evidence is most conclusive at moderate and high levels of arsenic exposure (i.e., water arsenic > 100 μg/l). However, results at lower arsenic levels suggest that a potential downward revision of the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines (10 μg/l) may be beneficial for health protection. Whilst studies on individual arsenic species and arsenic metabolism markers are less consistent, results in this thesis suggest a potential role for arsenic metabolism in the development of CVD - potentially particularly at lower arsenic levels. Various SNPs and genes have been suggested to be involved in the susceptibility to cardiometabolic disease, however, these results should be approached with appropriate caution due to the lack of reproducible findings, and the cGxE nature of the included studies. Overall, further long-term prospective studies of individual person data that assess arsenic through different media and include speciation analyses, combined with experimental, mechanistic and genetic studies, are needed to improve understanding of the observed relationship between arsenic and cardiometabolic disease, and the ways in which arsenic may disrupt cell physiology and promote pathophysiology.

Published
2022
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4. Antagonism between ambient ozone increase and urbanization-oriented population migration on Chinese cardiopulmonary mortality

Author

Sun, Haitong Zhe, Zhao, Junchao, Liu, Xiang, Qiu, Minghao, Shen, Huizhong, Guillas, Serge, Giorio, Chiara, Staniaszek, Zosia, Yu, Pei, Wan, Michelle W.L., Chim, Man Mei, van Daalen, Kim Robin, Li, Yilin, Liu, Zhenze, Xia, Mingtao, Ke, Shengxian, Zhao, Haifan, Wang, Haikun, He, Kebin, Liu, Huan, Guo, Yuming, and Archibald, Alexander T.

Published
2023
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5. Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author

Ong, Kanyin Liane, Stafford, Lauryn K, McLaughlin, Susan A, Boyko, Edward J, Vollset, Stein Emil, Smith, Amanda E, Dalton, Bronte E, Duprey, Joe, Cruz, Jessica A, Hagins, Hailey, Lindstedt, Paulina A, Aali, Amirali, Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis, Abate, Melsew Dagne, Abbasian, Mohammadreza, Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abd ElHafeez, Samar, Abd-Rabu, Rami, Abdulah, Deldar Morad, Abdullah, Abu Yousuf Md, Abedi, Vida, Abidi, Hassan, Aboagye, Richard Gyan, Abolhassani, Hassan, Abu-Gharbieh, Eman, Abu-Zaid, Ahmed, Adane, Tigist Demssew, Adane, Denberu Eshetie, Addo, Isaac Yeboah, Adegboye, Oyelola A, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adepoju, Abiola Victor, Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah, Afolabi, Rotimi Felix, Agarwal, Gina, Aghdam, Zahra Babaei, Agudelo-Botero, Marcela, Aguilera Arriagada, Constanza Elizabeth, Agyemang-Duah, Williams, Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku, Ahmad, Danish, Ahmad, Rizwan, Ahmad, Sajjad, Ahmad, Aqeel, Ahmadi, Ali, Ahmadi, Keivan, Ahmed, Ayman, Ahmed, Ali, Ahmed, Luai A, Ahmed, Syed Anees, Ajami, Marjan, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Al Hamad, Hanadi, Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz, AL-Ahdal, Tareq Mohammed Ali, Alalwan, Tariq A, Al-Aly, Ziyad, AlBataineh, Mohammad T, Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth, Alemi, Sharifullah, Ali, Hassam, Alinia, Tahereh, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Almustanyir, Sami, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Firehiwot, Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena, Amiri, Sohrab, Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Ansar, Adnan, Ansari, Golnoosh, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward, Arabloo, Jalal, Aravkin, Aleksandr Y, Areda, Demelash, Arifin, Hidayat, Arkew, Mesay, Armocida, Benedetta, Ärnlöv, Johan, Artamonov, Anton A, Arulappan, Judie, Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo, Arumugam, Ashokan, Aryan, Zahra, Asemu, Mulu Tiruneh, Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mohammad, Askari, Elaheh, Asmelash, Daniel, Astell-Burt, Thomas, Athar, Mohammad, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Awaisu, Ahmed, Azadnajafabad, Sina, B, Darshan B, Babamohamadi, Hassan, Badar, Muhammad, Badawi, Alaa, Badiye, Ashish D, Baghcheghi, Nayereh, Bagheri, Nasser, Bagherieh, Sara, Bah, Sulaiman, Bahadory, Saeed, Bai, Ruhai, Baig, Atif Amin, Baltatu, Ovidiu Constantin, Baradaran, Hamid Reza, Barchitta, Martina, Bardhan, Mainak, Barengo, Noel C, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Barone, Mark Thomaz Ugliara, Barone-Adesi, Francesco, Barrow, Amadou, Bashiri, Hamideh, Basiru, Afisu, Basu, Sanjay, Basu, Saurav, Batiha, Abdul-Monim Mohammad, Batra, Kavita, Bayih, Mulat Tirfie, Bayileyegn, Nebiyou Simegnew, Behnoush, Amir Hossein, Bekele, Alehegn Bekele, Belete, Melaku Ashagrie, Belgaumi, Uzma Iqbal, Belo, Luis, Bennett, Derrick A, Bensenor, Isabela M, Berhe, Kidanemaryam, Berhie, Alemshet Yirga, Bhaskar, Sonu, Bhat, Ajay Nagesh, Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh, Bikbov, Boris, Bilal, Faiq, Bintoro, Bagas Suryo, Bitaraf, Saeid, Bitra, Veera R, Bjegovic-Mikanovic, Vesna, Bodolica, Virginia, Boloor, Archith, Brauer, Michael, Brazo-Sayavera, Javier, Brenner, Hermann, Butt, Zahid A, Calina, Daniela, Campos, Luciana Aparecida, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, Cao, Yin, Cao, Chao, Car, Josip, Carvalho, Márcia, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Cerin, Ester, Chadwick, Joshua, Chandrasekar, Eeshwar K, Chanie, Gashaw Sisay, Charan, Jaykaran, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chauhan, Kirti, Cheema, Huzaifa Ahmad, Chekol Abebe, Endeshaw, Chen, Simiao, Cherbuin, Nicolas, Chichagi, Fatemeh, Chidambaram, Saravana Babu, Cho, William C S, Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Chowdhury, Enayet Karim, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Chukwu, Isaac Sunday, Chung, Sheng-Chia, Coberly, Kaleb, Columbus, Alyssa, Contreras, Daniela, Cousin, Ewerton, Criqui, Michael H, Cruz-Martins, Natália, Cuschieri, Sarah, Dabo, Bashir, Dadras, Omid, Dai, Xiaochen, Damasceno, Albertino Antonio Moura, Dandona, Rakhi, Dandona, Lalit, Das, Saswati, Dascalu, Ana Maria, Dash, Nihar Ranjan, Dashti, Mohsen, Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto, De la Cruz-Góngora, Vanessa, Debele, Gebiso Roba, Delpasand, Kourosh, Demisse, Fitsum Wolde, Demissie, Getu Debalkie, Deng, Xinlei, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Deo, Salil V, Dervišević, Emina, Desai, Hardik Dineshbhai, Desale, Aragaw Tesfaw, Dessie, Anteneh Mengist, Desta, Fikreab, Dewan, Syed Masudur Rahman, Dey, Sourav, Dhama, Kuldeep, Dhimal, Meghnath, Diao, Nancy, Diaz, Daniel, Dinu, Monica, Diress, Mengistie, Djalalinia, Shirin, Doan, Linh Phuong, Dongarwar, Deepa, dos Santos Figueiredo, Francisco Winter, Duncan, Bruce B, Dutta, Siddhartha, Dziedzic, Arkadiusz Marian, Edinur, Hisham Atan, Ekholuenetale, Michael, Ekundayo, Temitope Cyrus, Elgendy, Islam Y, Elhadi, Muhammed, El-Huneidi, Waseem, Elmeligy, Omar Abdelsadek Abdou, Elmonem, Mohamed A, Endeshaw, Destaw, Esayas, Hawi Leul, Eshetu, Habitu Birhan, Etaee, Farshid, Fadhil, Ibtihal, Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis, Fahim, Ayesha, Falahi, Shahab, Faris, MoezAlIslam Ezzat Mahmoud, Farrokhpour, Hossein, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fatehizadeh, Ali, Fazli, Ghazal, Feng, Xiaoqi, Ferede, Tomas Y, Fischer, Florian, Flood, David, Forouhari, Ali, Foroumadi, Roham, Foroutan Koudehi, Masoumeh, Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji, Gaihre, Santosh, Gaipov, Abduzhappar, Galali, Yaseen, Ganesan, Balasankar, Garcia-Gordillo, MA, Gautam, Rupesh K, Gebrehiwot, Mesfin, Gebrekidan, Kahsu Gebrekirstos, Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru, Getacher, Lemma, Ghadirian, Fataneh, Ghamari, Seyyed-Hadi, Ghasemi Nour, Mohammad, Ghassemi, Fariba, Golechha, Mahaveer, Goleij, Pouya, Golinelli, Davide, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Guadie, Habtamu Alganeh, Guan, Shi-Yang, Gudayu, Temesgen Worku, Guimarães, Rafael Alves, Guled, Rashid Abdi, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Kartik, Gupta, Veer Bala, Gupta, Vivek Kumar, Gyawali, Bishal, Haddadi, Rasool, Hadi, Najah R, Haile, Teklehaimanot Gereziher, Hajibeygi, Ramtin, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Halwani, Rabih, Hamidi, Samer, Hankey, Graeme J, Hannan, Md Abdul, Haque, Shafiul, Harandi, Hamid, Harlianto, Netanja I, Hasan, S M Mahmudul, Hasan, Syed Shahzad, Hasani, Hamidreza, Hassanipour, Soheil, Hassen, Mohammed Bheser, Haubold, Johannes, Hayat, Khezar, Heidari, Golnaz, Heidari, Mohammad, Hessami, Kamran, Hiraike, Yuta, Holla, Ramesh, Hossain, Sahadat, Hossain, Md Shakhaoat, Hosseini, Mohammad-Salar, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hosseinzadeh, Hassan, Huang, Junjie, Huda, Md Nazmul, Hussain, Salman, Huynh, Hong-Han, Hwang, Bing-Fang, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, Ikeda, Nayu, Ilic, Irena M, Ilic, Milena D, Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja, Iqbal, Afrin, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Islam, Rakibul M, Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah, Iso, Hiroyasu, Isola, Gaetano, Itumalla, Ramaiah, Iwagami, Masao, Iwu, Chidozie C D, Iyamu, Ihoghosa Osamuyi, Iyasu, Assefa N, Jacob, Louis, Jafarzadeh, Abdollah, Jahrami, Haitham, Jain, Rajesh, Jaja, Chinwe, Jamalpoor, Zahra, Jamshidi, Elham, Janakiraman, Balamurugan, Jayanna, Krishnamurthy, Jayapal, Sathish Kumar, Jayaram, Shubha, Jayawardena, Ranil, Jebai, Rime, Jeong, Wonjeong, Jin, Yinzi, Jokar, Mohammad, Jonas, Jost B, Joseph, Nitin, Joseph, Abel, Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma, Joukar, Farahnaz, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Kaambwa, Billingsley, Kabir, Ali, Kabthymer, Robel Hussen, Kadashetti, Vidya, Kahe, Farima, Kalhor, Rohollah, Kandel, Himal, Karanth, Shama D, Karaye, Ibraheem M, Karkhah, Samad, Katoto, Patrick DMC, Kaur, Navjot, Kazemian, Sina, Kebede, Sewnet Adem, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khajuria, Himanshu, Khalaji, Amirmohammad, Khan, Moien AB, Khan, Maseer, Khan, Ajmal, Khanal, Saval, Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad, Khater, Amir M, Khateri, Sorour, khorashadizadeh, Fatemeh, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kibret, Biruk Getahun, Kim, Min Seo, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kisa, Adnan, Kivimäki, Mika, Kolahi, Ali-Asghar, Komaki, Somayeh, Kompani, Farzad, Koohestani, Hamid Reza, Korzh, Oleksii, Kostev, Karel, Kothari, Nikhil, Koyanagi, Ai, Krishan, Kewal, Krishnamoorthy, Yuvaraj, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kuddus, Mohammed, Kuddus, Md Abdul, Kumar, Rakesh, Kumar, Harish, Kundu, Satyajit, Kurniasari, Maria Dyah, Kuttikkattu, Ambily, La Vecchia, Carlo, Lallukka, Tea, Larijani, Bagher, Larsson, Anders O, Latief, Kamaluddin, Lawal, Basira Kankia, Le, Thao Thi Thu, Le, Trang Thi Bich, Lee, Shaun Wen Huey, Lee, Munjae, Lee, Wei-Chen, Lee, Paul H, Lee, Sang-woong, Lee, Seung Won, Legesse, Samson Mideksa, Lenzi, Jacopo, Li, Yongze, Li, Ming-Chieh, Lim, Stephen S, Lim, Lee-Ling, Liu, Xuefeng, Liu, Chaojie, Lo, Chun-Han, Lopes, Graciliana, Lorkowski, Stefan, Lozano, Rafael, Lucchetti, Giancarlo, Maghazachi, Azzam A, Mahasha, Phetole Walter, Mahjoub, Soleiman, Mahmoud, Mansour Adam, Mahmoudi, Razzagh, Mahmoudimanesh, Marzieh, Mai, Anh Tuan, Majeed, Azeem, Majma Sanaye, Pantea, Makris, Konstantinos Christos, Malhotra, Kashish, Malik, Ahmad Azam, Malik, Iram, Mallhi, Tauqeer Hussain, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A, Mansouri, Borhan, Marateb, Hamid Reza, Mardi, Parham, Martini, Santi, Martorell, Miquel, Marzo, Roy Rillera, Masoudi, Reza, Masoudi, Sahar, Mathews, Elezebeth, Maugeri, Andrea, Mazzaglia, Giampiero, Mekonnen, Teferi, Meshkat, Mahboobeh, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miao Jonasson, Junmei, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Michalek, Irmina Maria, Minh, Le Huu Nhat, Mini, GK, Miranda, J Jaime, Mirfakhraie, Reza, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, Mohammad, Misganaw, Awoke, Misgina, Kebede Haile, Mishra, Manish, Moazen, Babak, Mohamed, Nouh Saad, Mohammadi, Esmaeil, Mohammadi, Mohsen, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammadshahi, Marita, Mohseni, Alireza, Mojiri-forushani, Hoda, Mokdad, Ali H, Momtazmanesh, Sara, Monasta, Lorenzo, Moniruzzaman, Md, Mons, Ute, Montazeri, Fateme, Moodi Ghalibaf, AmirAli, Moradi, Yousef, Moradi, Maryam, Moradi Sarabi, Mostafa, Morovatdar, Negar, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Morze, Jakub, Mossialos, Elias, Mostafavi, Ebrahim, Mueller, Ulrich Otto, Mulita, Francesk, Mulita, Admir, Murillo-Zamora, Efrén, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Mwita, Julius C, Nagaraju, Shankar Prasad, Naghavi, Mohsen, Nainu, Firzan, Nair, Tapas Sadasivan, Najmuldeen, Hastyar Hama Rashid, Nangia, Vinay, Nargus, Shumaila, Naser, Abdallah Y, Nassereldine, Hasan, Natto, Zuhair S, Nauman, Javaid, Nayak, Biswa Prakash, Ndejjo, Rawlance, Negash, Hadush, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Nguyen, Hau Thi Hien, Nguyen, Dang H, Nguyen, Phat Tuan, Nguyen, Van Thanh, Nguyen, Hien Quang, Niazi, Robina Khan, Nigatu, Yeshambel T, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nizam, Muhammad A, Nnyanzi, Lawrence Achilles, Noreen, Mamoona, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet, Nzoputam, Chimezie Igwegbe, Oancea, Bogdan, Odogwu, Nkechi Martina, Odukoya, Oluwakemi Ololade, Ojha, Vivek Anand, Okati-Aliabad, Hassan, Okekunle, Akinkunmi Paul, Okonji, Osaretin Christabel, Okwute, Patrick Godwin, Olufadewa, Isaac Iyinoluwa, Onwujekwe, Obinna E, Ordak, Michal, Ortiz, Alberto, Osuagwu, Uchechukwu Levi, Oulhaj, Abderrahim, Owolabi, Mayowa O, Padron-Monedero, Alicia, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, Palladino, Raffaele, Panagiotakos, Demosthenes, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandey, Ashok, Pandey, Anamika, Pandi-Perumal, Seithikurippu R, Pantea Stoian, Anca Mihaela, Pardhan, Shahina, Parekh, Tarang, Parekh, Utsav, Pasovic, Maja, Patel, Jay, Patel, Jenil R, Paudel, Uttam, Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino, Pereira, Marcos, Perico, Norberto, Perna, Simone, Petcu, Ionela-Roxana, Petermann-Rocha, Fanny Emily, Podder, Vivek, Postma, Maarten J, Pourali, Ghazaleh, Pourtaheri, Naeimeh, Prates, Elton Junio Sady, Qadir, Mirza Muhammad Fahd, Qattea, Ibrahim, Raee, Pourya, Rafique, Ibrar, Rahimi, Mehran, Rahimifard, Mahban, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Md Obaidur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Mosiur, Rahman, Md Mosfequr, Rahmani, Mohamed, Rahmani, Shayan, Rahmanian, Vahid, Rahmawaty, Setyaningrum, Rahnavard, Niloufar, Rajbhandari, Bibek, Ram, Pradhum, Ramazanu, Sheena, Rana, Juwel, Rancic, Nemanja, Ranjha, Muhammad Modassar Ali Nawaz, Rao, Chythra R, Rapaka, Deepthi, Rasali, Drona Prakash, Rashedi, Sina, Rashedi, Vahid, Rashid, Ahmed Mustafa, Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi, Ratan, Zubair Ahmed, Rawaf, Salman, Rawal, Lal, Redwan, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Rengasamy, Kannan RR, Renzaho, Andre M N, Reyes, Luis Felipe, Rezaei, Nima, Rezaei, Nazila, Rezaeian, Mohsen, Rezazadeh, Hossein, Riahi, Seyed Mohammad, Rias, Yohanes Andy, Riaz, Muhammad, Ribeiro, Daniela, Rodrigues, Mónica, Rodriguez, Jefferson Antonio Buendia, Roever, Leonardo, Rohloff, Peter, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roustazadeh, Abazar, Rwegerera, Godfrey M, Saad, Aly M A, Saber-Ayad, Maha Mohamed, Sabour, Siamak, Sabzmakan, Leila, Saddik, Basema, Sadeghi, Erfan, Saeed, Umar, Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar, Safi, Sare, Safi, Sher Zaman, Saghazadeh, Amene, Saheb Sharif-Askari, Narjes, Saheb Sharif-Askari, Fatemeh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahoo, Soumya Swaroop, Sahoo, Harihar, Saif-Ur-Rahman, KM, Sajid, Mirza Rizwan, Salahi, Sarvenaz, Salahi, Saina, Saleh, Mohamed A, Salehi, Mohammad Amin, Salomon, Joshua A, Sanabria, Juan, Sanjeev, Rama Krishna, Sanmarchi, Francesco, Santric-Milicevic, Milena M, Sarasmita, Made Ary, Sargazi, Saman, Sathian, Brijesh, Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, Sawhney, Monika, Schlaich, Markus P, Schmidt, Maria Inês, Schuermans, Art, Seidu, Abdul-Aziz, Senthil Kumar, Nachimuthu, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Sethi, Yashendra, Seylani, Allen, Shabany, Maryam, Shafaghat, Tahereh, Shafeghat, Melika, Shafie, Mahan, Shah, Nilay S, Shahid, Samiah, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shanawaz, Mohd, Shannawaz, Mohammed, Sharfaei, Sadaf, Shashamo, Bereket Beyene, Shiri, Rahman, Shittu, Aminu, Shivakumar, K M, Shivalli, Siddharudha, Shobeiri, Parnian, Shokri, Fereshteh, Shuval, Kerem, Sibhat, Migbar Mekonnen, Silva, Luís Manuel Lopes Rodrigues, Simpson, Colin R, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Paramdeep, Singh, Surjit, Siraj, Md Shahjahan, Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna, Sohag, Abdullah Al Mamun, Soleimani, Hamidreza, Solikhah, Solikhah, Soltani-Zangbar, Mohammad Sadegh, Somayaji, Ranjani, Sorensen, Reed J D, Starodubova, Antonina V, Sujata, Sujata, Suleman, Muhammad, Sun, Jing, Sundström, Johan, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabatabaei, Seyyed Mohammad, Tabatabaeizadeh, Seyed-Amir, Tabish, Mohammad, Taheri, Majid, Taheri, Ensiyeh, Taki, Elahe, Tamuzi, Jacques JL Lukenze, Tan, Ker-Kan, Tat, Nathan Y, Taye, Birhan Tsegaw, Temesgen, Worku Animaw, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Tesler, Riki, Thangaraju, Pugazhenthan, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Thapa, Rajshree, Tharwat, Samar, Thomas, Nihal, Ticoalu, Jansje Henny Vera, Tiyuri, Amir, Tonelli, Marcello, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Trico, Domenico, Trihandini, Indang, Tripathy, Jaya Prasad, Tromans, Samuel Joseph, Tsegay, Guesh Mebrahtom, Tualeka, Abdul Rohim, Tufa, Derara Girma, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Ullah, Sana, Upadhyay, Era, Vahabi, Seyed Mohammad, Vaithinathan, Asokan Govindaraj, Valizadeh, Rohollah, van Daalen, Kim Robin, Vart, Priya, Varthya, Shoban Babu, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Vaziri, Siavash, Verma, Madhur verma, Verras, Georgios-Ioannis, Vo, Danh Cao, Wagaye, Birhanu, Waheed, Yasir, Wang, Ziyue, Wang, Yanqing, Wang, Cong, Wang, Fang, Wassie, Gizachew Tadesse, Wei, Melissa Y Wei, Weldemariam, Abrha Hailay, Westerman, Ronny, Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana, Wu, YiFan, Wulandari, Ratna DWI, Xia, Juan, Xiao, Hong, Xu, Suowen, Xu, Xiaoyue, Yada, Dereje Y, Yang, Lin, Yatsuya, Hiroshi, Yesiltepe, Metin, Yi, Siyan, Yohannis, Hunachew Kibret, Yonemoto, Naohiro, You, Yuyi, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zamora, Nelson, Zare, Iman, Zarea, Kourosh, Zarrintan, Armin, Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich, Zeru, Naod Gebrekrstos, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang, Zhong, Chenwen, Zhou, Jingjing, Zielińska, Magdalena, Zikarg, Yossef Teshome, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zoladl, Mohammad, Zou, Zhiyong, Zumla, Alimuddin, Zuniga, Yves Miel H, Magliano, Dianna J, Murray, Christopher J L, Hay, Simon I, and Vos, Theo

Published
2023
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8. The global health community at international climate change negotiations

Author

van Daalen, Kim Robin, Wyma, Nanine, Schauer-Berg, Johanna, Blom, Iris M., Mattijsen, Juliette, Othman, Razan, Eissa, Mohamed, Parks, Robbie M., Wyns, Arthur, Aboushady, Ahmed Taha, Hassan, Muha, Ezzine, Tarek, Khan, Salman, Zayed, Menna Allah Elsayed, Neggazi, Sarah, Alqodmani, Lujain, Lowe, Rachel, van Daalen, Kim Robin, Wyma, Nanine, Schauer-Berg, Johanna, Blom, Iris M., Mattijsen, Juliette, Othman, Razan, Eissa, Mohamed, Parks, Robbie M., Wyns, Arthur, Aboushady, Ahmed Taha, Hassan, Muha, Ezzine, Tarek, Khan, Salman, Zayed, Menna Allah Elsayed, Neggazi, Sarah, Alqodmani, Lujain, and Lowe, Rachel

Abstract

With 2023 shattering climate records across the world following decades of unprecedented warming,1 the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Conference of Parties 28 (UNFCCC COP28) in Dubai was the first UN climate change conference to feature an official ‘Health Day’ and witnessed the largest-ever turnout of the global health community. The threat of climate change to human well-being and planetary health2 3 has previously received little attention at the annual COPs, despite ever-growing scientific evidence warning of the increasing health dangers.

Published
2024

9. The global health community at international climate change negotiations

Author

Barcelona Supercomputing Center, van Daalen, Kim Robin, Wyma, Nanine, Schauer-Berg, Johanna, Blom, Iris M, Mattijsen, Juliette, Lowe, Rachel, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, van Daalen, Kim Robin, Wyma, Nanine, Schauer-Berg, Johanna, Blom, Iris M, Mattijsen, Juliette, and Lowe, Rachel

Abstract

SUMMARY BOX Health played a central role in the recent Conference of Parties 28 (COP28): witnessing the first official ‘Health Day’, the first COP climate-health ministerial, endorsements of a declaration on climate change and health by 149 countries, the highest number of climate and health-related side-events, and funding commitments of US$1 billion dedicated to climate and health. In this first-ever quantitative analysis of the health community’s attendance at UN climate conferences between 1995 and 2023, we show a steady increase in absolute attendance of health actors, with the highest attendance of health actors at COP28 (n=1612) compared with the lowest attendance at COP1 (n=17). Yet, the percentage of health delegates remained largely constant over time in relation to the overall number of attendees. Although a small number of Ministers of Health attended individual COPs between 1995 and 2022, COP28 was attended by approximately the same number of Health Ministers (n=52) as in all previous COPs combined (n=53). While parties and representatives of the UN and its Specialised Bodies increasingly embrace the health narrative, crucial climate change commitments continue to lag. Without fundamental social change, without phasing out fossil fuels, and without climate justice, the health narrative for climate change cannot bring what it promises: health for all., KRvD and RL acknowledge funding from the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 101057131 (Horizon Europe project CATALYSE, https://catalysehorizon.eu/) and grant agreement no. 101057554 (Horizon Europe project IDAlert, https:// idalertproject.eu). CATALYSE and IDAlert are part of the EU climate change and health cluster (https://climate-health.eu). RMP was supported by NIH Grant R00 ES033742. RL was supported by a Royal Society Dorothy Hodgkin Fellowship (DH150120)., Peer Reviewed, "Article signat per 17 autors/es:Kim Robin van Daalen, Nanine Wyma, Johanna Schauer-Berg, Iris M Blom, Juliette Mattijsen, Razan Othman, Mohamed Eissa, Robbie M Parks, Arthur Wyns, Ahmed Taha Aboushady, Muha Hassan, Tarek Ezzine, Salman Khan, Menna-Allah Elsayed Zayed, Sarah Neggazi, Lujain Alqodmani, Rachel Lowe", Postprint (published version)

Published
2024

10. Ethical considerations related to drone use for environment and health research: A scoping review protocol

Author

Hoek Spaans, Remy, primary, Drumond, Bruna, additional, van Daalen, Kim Robin, additional, Rorato Vitor, Ana Claudia, additional, Derbyshire, Alison, additional, Da Silva, Adriano, additional, Lana, Raquel Martins, additional, Vega, Mauricio Santos, additional, Carrasco-Escobar, Gabriel, additional, Sobral Escada, Maria Isabel, additional, Codeço, Claudia, additional, and Lowe, Rachel, additional

Published
2024
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11. The effect of temporal data aggregation to assess the impact of changing temperatures in Europe: an epidemiological modelling study

Author

Ballester, Joan, primary, van Daalen, Kim Robin, additional, Chen, Zhao-Yue, additional, Achebak, Hicham, additional, Antó, Josep M., additional, Basagaña, Xavier, additional, Robine, Jean-Marie, additional, Herrmann, François R., additional, Tonne, Cathryn, additional, Semenza, Jan C., additional, and Lowe, Rachel, additional

Published
2023
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12. Environmental Arsenic Exposure and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease

Author

Van Daalen, Kim Robin

Subjects
Myocardial infarction, Toxic metals, Cardiovascular disease, Environmental pollution, Arsenic
Abstract

Background: Environmental exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs), one of the most abundant elements in the earth’s crust, is widely recognised as a major global health risk – millions of people are estimated to be chronically exposed to arsenic worldwide. Yet, compared to arsenic-related cancer and skin lesions, research on arsenic-related cardiometabolic disease, particularly at lower exposure levels, has been limited. This PhD thesis aims to investigate the epidemiological relationship between chronic environmental arsenic exposure and several sub-types of cardiometabolic disease, with a primary focus on cardiovascular disease (CVD), specifically myocardial infarction (MI), as well as diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension. Data sources: Firstly, to explore the relationship between toenail arsenic (including arsenic metabolites and metabolism markers) with MI, the Bangladesh Risk of Acute Vascular Events (BRAVE) study, a case-control study of 1,532 MI cases and 1,334 controls, was used. Secondly, to explore the dose-response relationship between arsenic and several CVD endpoints, a systematic review and two-stage dose-response meta-analyses were performed on 35 studies. Thirdly, to assess the association of environmental arsenic exposure with two major CVD risk factors, diabetes mellitus and hypertension, a systematic review and two-stage dose-response meta-analyses were performed on 71 studies. Lastly, to explore whether genetic variation may be at least partially responsible for inter-individual variation in arsenic-related cardiometabolic disease susceptibility, a narrative systematic review on 14 unique candidate gene-environment (cGxE) studies reporting on 650 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 145 genes was used. Main results: In BRAVE, MI was positively associated with higher toenail monomethylated arsenic (MMA) in μg/g, higher MMA% and a higher primary methylation index (PMI) in both categorical and continuous logistic regression models, and negatively associated with higher iAs% and a higher secondary methylation index (SMI). No statistically significant associations were found for total arsenic (tAs), iAs and dimethyalated arsenic (DMA) in μg/g, nor for DMA%. Dose-response meta-analyses found consistent positive associations between water arsenic concentrations and coronary heart disease (CHD) [fatal, non-fatal, overall], non-fatal stroke, CVD (fatal, non-fatal, overall), hypertension, DM type 2, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Analyses on low water arsenic concentrations showed positive associations below 10 μg/l for several of the cardiometabolic outcomes studied. From the total of 35 studies on CVD endpoints, and 71 studies on hypertension or DM, only 4 (low quality) studies reported statistically significant negative associations. In the narrative systematic review, 29 SNPs in 21 genes as well as 3 haplotypes (involved in e.g. arsenic metabolism, DNA damage repair, endothelial function, inflammation) were indicative of SNP-arsenic interactions associated with cardiometabolic outcomes. Conclusion: This PhD thesis presents further supports evidence that people exposed to chronic environmental arsenic pollution may be at greater risk for cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus type 2 and gestational diabetes. Evidence is most conclusive at moderate and high levels of arsenic exposure (i.e., water arsenic > 100 μg/l). However, results at lower arsenic levels suggest that a potential downward revision of the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines (10 μg/l) may be beneficial for health protection. Whilst studies on individual arsenic species and arsenic metabolism markers are less consistent, results in this thesis suggest a potential role for arsenic metabolism in the development of CVD – potentially particularly at lower arsenic levels. Various SNPs and genes have been suggested to be involved in the susceptibility to cardiometabolic disease, however, these results should be approached with appropriate caution due to the lack of reproducible findings, and the cGxE nature of the included studies. Overall, further long-term prospective studies of individual person data that assess arsenic through different media and include speciation analyses, combined with experimental, mechanistic and genetic studies, are needed to improve understanding of the observed relationship between arsenic and cardiometabolic disease, and the ways in which arsenic may disrupt cell physiology and promote pathophysiology.

Published
2023
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13. Racial discrimination and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Van Daalen, Kim Robin, Kaiser, Jeenan, Kebede, Samuel, Cipriano, Gabriela, Maimouni, Hassan, Olumese, Ekiomoado, Chui, Anthea, Kuhn, Isla, Oliver-Williams, Clare, van Daalen, Kim Robin [0000-0001-6955-9708], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Health Policy, Original research, public health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Infant, Newborn, Pregnancy Outcome, maternal health, Cohort Studies, Cross-Sectional Studies, Racism, systematic review, Pregnancy, child health, Humans, Premature Birth, Female
Abstract

IntroductionRacial discrimination has been consistently linked to various health outcomes and health disparities, including studies associating racial discrimination with patterns of racial disparities in adverse pregnancy outcomes. To expand our knowledge, this systematic review and meta-analysis assesses all available evidence on the association between self-reported racial discrimination and adverse pregnancy outcomes.MethodsEight electronic databases were searched without language or time restrictions, through January 2022. Data were extracted using a pre-piloted extraction tool. Quality assessment was conducted using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS), and across all included studies using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Random effects meta-analyses were performed on preterm birth and small for gestational age. Heterogenicity was assessed using Cochran’s χ2 test and I2 statistic.ResultsOf 13 597 retrieved records, 24 articles were included. Studies included cohort, case–control and cross-sectional designs and were predominantly conducted in the USA (n=20). Across all outcomes, significant positive associations (between experiencing racial discrimination and an adverse pregnancy event) and non-significant associations (trending towards positive) were reported, with no studies reporting significant negative associations. The overall pooled odds ratio (OR) for preterm birth was 1.40 (95% CI 1.17 to 1.68; 13 studies) and for small for gestational age it was 1.23 (95% CI 0.76 to 1.99; 3 studies). When excluding low-quality studies, the preterm birth OR attenuated to 1.31 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.59; 10 studies). Similar results were obtained across sensitivity and subgroup analyses, indicating a significant positive association.ConclusionThese results suggest that racial discrimination has adverse impacts on pregnancy outcomes. This is supported by the broader literature on racial discrimination as a risk factor for adverse health outcomes. To further explore this association and underlying mechanisms, including mediating and moderating factors, higher quality evidence from large ethnographically diverse cohorts is needed.

Published
2022

15. Does global health governance walk the talk? Gender representation in World Health Assemblies, 1948–2021

Author

van Daalen, Kim Robin, primary, Chowdhury, Maisoon, additional, Dada, Sara, additional, Khorsand, Parnian, additional, El-Gamal, Salma, additional, Kaidarova, Galiya, additional, Jung, Laura, additional, Othman, Razan, additional, O'Leary, Charlotte Anne, additional, Ashworth, Henry Charles, additional, Socha, Anna, additional, Olaniyan, Dolapo, additional, Azeezat, Fajembola Temilade, additional, Abouhala, Siwaar, additional, Abdulkareem, Toyyib, additional, Dhatt, Roopa, additional, and Rajan, Dheepa, additional

Published
2022
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16. Impact of conditional and unconditional cash transfers on health outcomes and use of health services in humanitarian settings: a mixed-methods systematic review

Author

van Daalen, Kim Robin, Dada, Sara, James, Rosemary, Ashworth, Henry Charles, Khorsand, Parnian, Lim, Jiewon, Mooney, Ciaran, Khankan, Yasmeen, Essar, Mohammad Yasir, Kuhn, Isla, Juillard, Helene, Blanchet, Karl, van Daalen, Kim Robin [0000-0001-6955-9708], Dada, Sara [0000-0003-3910-1856], James, Rosemary [0000-0002-1443-880X], Ashworth, Henry Charles [0000-0002-8989-8560], Khorsand, Parnian [0000-0002-5347-1629], Mooney, Ciaran [0000-0002-5074-9429], Essar, Mohammad Yasir [0000-0002-6554-7619], Kuhn, Isla [0000-0002-2879-4020], Juillard, Helene [0000-0003-1744-1032], Blanchet, Karl [0000-0003-0498-8020], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, and Van Daalen, Kim [0000-0001-6955-9708]

Subjects
Medicine (General), mental health & psychiatry, Health Policy, Original research, public health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, Health Services, R5-920, nutrition, Mental Health, systematic review, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, child health, Humans, Developing Countries, health care economics and organizations
Abstract

BackgroundCash transfers, payments provided by formal or informal institutions to recipients, are increasingly used in emergencies. While increasing autonomy and being supportive of local economies, cash transfers are a cost-effective method in some settings to cover basic needs and extend benefits of limited humanitarian aid budgets. Yet, the extent to which cash transfers impact health in humanitarian settings remains largely unexplored. This systematic review evaluates the evidence on the effect of cash transfers on health outcomes and health service utilisation in humanitarian contexts.MethodsStudies eligible for inclusion were peer reviewed (quantitative,qualitative and mixed-methods). Nine databases (PubMed, EMBAS, Medline, CINAHL, Global Health, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, SciELO and LiLACS) were searched without language and without a lower bound time restriction through 24 February 2021. The search was updated to include articles published through 8 December 2021. Data were extracted using a piloted extraction tool and quality was assessed using The Joanna Briggs Critical Appraisal Tool. Due to heterogeneity in study designs and outcomes, results were synthesised narratively and no meta-analysis was performed.Results30 673 records were identified. After removing duplicates, 17 715 were double screened by abstract and title, and 201 in full text. Twenty-three articles from 16 countries were included reporting on nutrition outcomes, psychosocial and mental health, general/subjective health and well-being, acute illness (eg, diarrhoea, respiratory infection), diabetes control (eg, blood glucose self-monitoring, haemoglobin A1C levels) and gender-based violence. Nineteen studies reported some positive impacts on various health outcomes and use of health services, 11 reported no statistically significant impact on outcomes assessed and 4 reported potential negative impacts on health outcomes.DiscussionAlthough there is evidence to suggest a positive relationship between cash transfers and health outcomes in humanitarian settings, high-quality empirical evidence, that is methodologically robust, investigates a range of humanitarian settings and is conducted over longer time periods is needed. This should consider factors influencing programme implementation and the differential impact of cash transfers designed to improve health versus multipurpose cash transfers.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021237275.

Published
2022

17. Challenging the “old boys club” in academia: Gender and geographic representation in editorial boards of journals publishing in environmental sciences and public health

Author

Dada, Sara, primary, van Daalen, Kim Robin, additional, Barrios-Ruiz, Alanna, additional, Wu, Kai-Ti, additional, Desjardins, Aidan, additional, Bryce-Alberti, Mayte, additional, Castro-Varela, Alejandra, additional, Khorsand, Parnian, additional, Santamarta Zamorano, Ander, additional, Jung, Laura, additional, Malolos, Grace, additional, Li, Jiaqi, additional, Vervoort, Dominique, additional, Hamilton, Nikita Charles, additional, Patil, Poorvaprabha, additional, El Omrani, Omnia, additional, Wangari, Marie-Claire, additional, Sibanda, Telma, additional, Buggy, Conor, additional, and Mogo, Ebele R. I., additional

Published
2022
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18. Does global health governance walk the talk? Gender representation in World Health Assemblies, 1948–2021

Author

van Daalen, Kim Robin, Chowdhury, Maisoon, Dada, Sara, Khorsand, Parnian, El-Gamal, Salma, Kaidarova, Galiya, Jung, Laura, Othman, Razan, O'Leary, Charlotte Anne, Ashworth, Henry Charles, Socha, Anna, Olaniyan, Dolapo, Azeezat, Fajembola Temilade, Abouhala, Siwaar, Abdulkareem, Toyyib, Dhatt, Roopa, Rajan, Dheepa, van Daalen, Kim Robin, Chowdhury, Maisoon, Dada, Sara, Khorsand, Parnian, El-Gamal, Salma, Kaidarova, Galiya, Jung, Laura, Othman, Razan, O'Leary, Charlotte Anne, Ashworth, Henry Charles, Socha, Anna, Olaniyan, Dolapo, Azeezat, Fajembola Temilade, Abouhala, Siwaar, Abdulkareem, Toyyib, Dhatt, Roopa, and Rajan, Dheepa

Abstract

Background While an estimated 70%–75% of the health workforce are women, this is not reflected in the leadership roles of most health organisations— including global decision-making bodies such as the World Health Assembly (WHA). Methods We analysed gender representation in WHA delegations of Member States, Associate Members and Observers (country/territory), using data from 10 944 WHA delegations and 75 815 delegation members over 1948–2021. Delegates’ information was extracted from WHO documentation. Likely gender was inferred based on prefixes, pronouns and other gendered language. A gender-to- name algorithm was used as a last resort (4.6%). Time series of 5-year rolling averages of the percentage of women across WHO region, income group and delegate roles are presented. We estimated (%) change ±SE of inferred women delegation members at the WHA per year, and estimated years±SE until gender parity from 2010 to 2019 across regions, income groups, delegate roles and countries. Correlations with these measures were assessed with countries’ gender inequality index and two Worldwide Governance indicators. Results While upwards trends could be observed in the percentage of women delegates over the past 74 years, men remained over-represented in most WHA delegations. Over 1948–2021, 82.9% of delegations were composed of a majority of men, and no WHA had more than 30% of women Chief Delegates (ranging from 0% to 30%). Wide variation in trends over time could be observed across different geographical regions, income groups and countries. Some countries may take over 100 years to reach gender parity in their WHA delegations, if current estimated trends continue. Conclusion Despite commitments to gender equality in leadership, women remain gravely under-represented in global health governance. An intersectional approach to representation in global health governance, which prioritises equity in participation beyond gender, can enable transformative policymaking that fosters

Published
2022

20. Impact of conditional and unconditional cash transfers on health outcomes and use of health services in humanitarian settings: a mixed-methods systematic review

Author

van Daalen, Kim Robin, primary, Dada, Sara, additional, James, Rosemary, additional, Ashworth, Henry Charles, additional, Khorsand, Parnian, additional, Lim, Jiewon, additional, Mooney, Ciaran, additional, Khankan, Yasmeen, additional, Essar, Mohammad Yasir, additional, Kuhn, Isla, additional, Juillard, Helene, additional, and Blanchet, Karl, additional

Published
2022
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25. Investigating Genetic and Other Determinants of First-Onset Myocardial Infarction in Malaysia: Protocol for the Malaysian Acute Vascular Events Risk Study (Preprint)

Author

Chowdhury, Rajiv, primary, Noh, Mohd Fairulnizal Md, additional, Ismail, Sophia Rasheeqa, additional, van Daalen, Kim Robin, additional, Kamaruddin, Puteri Sofia Nadira Megat, additional, Zulkiply, Siti Hafizah, additional, Azizul, Nur Hayati, additional, Khalid, Norhayati Mustafa, additional, Ali, Azizan, additional, Idris, Izyan Mohd, additional, Mei, Yong Shih, additional, Abdullah, Shazana Rifham, additional, Faridus, Norfashihah, additional, Yusof, Nur Azirah Md, additional, Yusoff, Nur Najwa Farahin M, additional, Jamal, Rahman, additional, Rahim, Aizai Azan Abdul, additional, Ghapar, Abdul Kahar Abdul, additional, Radhakrishnan, Ammu Kutty, additional, Fong, Alan Yean Yip, additional, Ismail, Omar, additional, Krishinan, Saravanan, additional, Lee, Chuey Yan, additional, Bang, Liew Houng, additional, Mageswaren, Eashwary, additional, Mahendran, Kauthaman, additional, Amin, Nor Hanim Mohd, additional, Muthusamy, Gunavathy, additional, Jin, Aaron Ong Hean, additional, Ramli, Ahmad Wazi, additional, Ross, Noel Thomas, additional, Ruhani, Anwar Irawan, additional, Yahya, Mansor, additional, Yusoff, Yusniza, additional, Abidin, Siti Khairani Zainal, additional, Amado, Laryssa, additional, Bolton, Thomas, additional, Weston, Sophie, additional, Crawte, Jason, additional, Ovenden, Niko, additional, Michielsen, Ank, additional, Monower, Md Mostafa, additional, Mahiyuddin, Wan Rozita Wan, additional, Wood, Angela, additional, Di Angelantonio, Emanuele, additional, Sulaiman, Nur Suffia, additional, Danesh, John, additional, and Butterworth, Adam S, additional

Published
2021
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26. The Malaysian Acute Vascular Events Risk (MAVERIK) study protocol: studying genetic and other determinants of first-ever myocardial infarction in Malaysia (Preprint)

Author

Chowdhury, Rajiv, primary, Noh, Mohd Fairulnizal Bin Md, additional, Ismail, Sophia Rasheeqa, additional, van Daalen, Kim Robin, additional, Kamaruddin, Puteri Sofia Nadira Megat, additional, Zulkiply, Siti Hafizah, additional, Azizul, Nur Hayati, additional, Khalid, Norhayati Mustafa, additional, Ali, Azizan, additional, Idris, Izyan Mohd, additional, Mei, Yong Shih, additional, Abdullah, Shazana Rifham, additional, Faridus, Norfashihah, additional, Yusof, Nur Azirah Md, additional, Yusoff, Nur Najwa Farahin M, additional, Jamal, Rahman, additional, Rahim, Aizai Azan Abdul, additional, Radhakrishnan, Ammu Kutty, additional, Ghapar, Abdul Kahar Abdul, additional, Fong, Alan Yean Yip, additional, Ismail, Omar, additional, Krishinan, Saravanan, additional, Yan, Lee Chuey, additional, Bang, Liew Houng, additional, Mageswaren, Eashwary, additional, Mahendran, Kauthaman, additional, Amin, Nor Hanim Mohd, additional, Muthusamy, Gunavathy, additional, Jin, Aaron Ong Hean, additional, Ramli, Ahmad Wazi, additional, Ross, Noel Thomas, additional, Ruhani, Anwar Irawan, additional, Yahya, Mansor, additional, Yusoff, Yusniza, additional, Abidin, Siti Khairani Zainal, additional, Amado, Laryssa, additional, Bolton, Thomas, additional, Weston, Sophie, additional, Crawte, Jason, additional, Ovenden, Niko, additional, Michielsen, Ank, additional, Monower, Md Mostafa, additional, Mahiyuddin, Wan Rozita Wan, additional, Wood, Angela, additional, Di Angelantonio, Emanuele, additional, Sulaiman, Nur Suffia, additional, Danesh, John, additional, and Butterworth, Adam S., additional

Published
2021
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28. A Scoping Review to Assess Sexual and Reproductive Health Outcomes, Challenges and Recommendations in the Context of Climate Migration

Author

van Daalen, Kim Robin, Dada, Sara, Issa, Rita, Chowdhury, Maisoon, Jung, Laura, Singh, Lucy, Stokes, Diarmuid, Orcutt, Miriam, Singh, Neha S., van Daalen, Kim Robin, Dada, Sara, Issa, Rita, Chowdhury, Maisoon, Jung, Laura, Singh, Lucy, Stokes, Diarmuid, Orcutt, Miriam, and Singh, Neha S.

Abstract

Background: As growing numbers of people may be forced to migrate due to climate change and variability, it is important to consider the disparate impacts on health for vulnerable populations, including sexual and reproductive health (SRH). This scoping review aims to explore the relationship between climate migration and SRH. Methods: We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, Global Health and Google for peer-reviewed and gray literature published before 2nd July 2021 in English that reported on SRH in the context of climate migration. Data were extracted using a piloted extraction tool and findings are reported in a narrative synthesis. Results: We screened 1,607 documents. Ten full-text publications were included for analysis: five peer-reviewed articles and five gray literature documents. Reported SRH outcomes focused on maternal health, access to family planning and antiretroviral therapy, sexual and gender-based violence, transactional sex, and early/forced marriage. Recommendations to improve SRH in the context of climate migration called for gender-transformative health systems, education and behavior change programmes, and the involvement of local women in policy planning and programme implementation. Discussion: While the disparate impacts of climate change and migration are well-established, primary data on the scope of impact due to climate migration is limited. The SRH outcomes reported in the literature focus on a relatively narrow range of SRH domains, emphasizing women and girls, over men. Achieving holistic and equitable SRH in the context of climate migration requires engaging all genders across the range of SRH outcomes and migration contexts. This review highlights the need for further empirical evidence on the effect of climate migration on SRH, with research that is context-specific and engages communities in order to reflect the heterogeneity of outcomes and impact in the climate-migration-SRH nexus.

Published
2021

29. A roadmap for intergenerational leadership in planetary health

Author

Zeinali, Zahra, Bulc, Barbara, Lal, Arush, van Daalen, Kim Robin, Campbell-Lendrum, Diarmid, Ezzine, Tarek, Fagan, Lucy, Germann, Stefan, Guinto, Renzo, Lakhani, Heeta, Neveux, Margot, Ngendahayo, Christophe, Patil, Poorvaprabha, Singh, Sudhvir, Timilsina, Shashank, Udeh, Chiagozie, and Whitmee, Sarah

Published
2020
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30. Symptoms of a broken system : the gender gaps in COVID-19 decision-making

Author

van Daalen, Kim Robin, Bajnoczki, Csongor, Chowdhury, Maisoon, Dada, Sara, Khorsand, Parnian, Socha, Anna, Lal, Arush, Jung, Laura, Alqodmani, Lujain, Torres, Irene, Ouedraogo, Samiratou, Jama Mahmud, Amina, Dhatt, Roopa, Phelan, Alexandra, Rajan, Dheepa, van Daalen, Kim Robin, Bajnoczki, Csongor, Chowdhury, Maisoon, Dada, Sara, Khorsand, Parnian, Socha, Anna, Lal, Arush, Jung, Laura, Alqodmani, Lujain, Torres, Irene, Ouedraogo, Samiratou, Jama Mahmud, Amina, Dhatt, Roopa, Phelan, Alexandra, and Rajan, Dheepa

Published
2020
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32. Investigating Genetic and Other Determinants of First-Onset Myocardial Infarction in Malaysia: Protocol for the Malaysian Acute Vascular Events Risk Study.

Author

Chowdhury, Rajiv, Noh, Mohd Fairulnizal Md, Ismail, Sophia Rasheeqa, van Daalen, Kim Robin, Kamaruddin, Puteri Sofia Nadira Megat, Zulkiply, Hafizah, Azizul, Nur Hayati, Khalid, Norhayati Mustafa, Ali, Azizan, Idris, Izyan Mohd, Mei, Yong Shih, Abdullah, Shazana Rifham, Faridus, Norfashihah, Yusof, Nur Azirah Md, Yusoff, Nur Najwa Farahin M., Jamal, Rahman, Rahim, Aizai Azan Abdul, Ghapar, Abdul Kahar Abdul, Radhakrishnan, Ammu Kutty, and Fong, Alan Yean Yip

Subjects
MYOCARDIAL infarction, PUBLIC health, CARDIOVASCULAR diseases, MEDICAL care
Abstract

Background: Although the burden of premature myocardial infarction (MI) is high in Malaysia, direct evidence on the determinants of MI in this multi-ethnic population remains sparse. Objective: The Malaysian Acute Vascular Events Risk (MAVERIK) study is a retrospective case-control study established to investigate the genomic, lipid-related, and other determinants of acute MI in Malaysia. In this paper, we report the study protocol and early results. Methods: By June 2019, we had enrolled approximately 2500 patients with their first MI and 2500 controls without cardiovascular disease, who were frequency-matched by age, sex, and ethnicity, from 17 hospitals in Malaysia. For each participant, serum and whole blood have been collected and stored. Clinical, demographic, and behavioral information has been obtained using a 200-item questionnaire. Results: Tobacco consumption, a history of diabetes, hypertension, markers of visceral adiposity, indicators of lower socioeconomic status, and a family history of coronary disease were more prevalent in cases than in controls. Adjusted (age and sex) logistic regression models for traditional risk factors indicated that current smoking (odds ratio [OR] 4.11, 95% CI 3.56-4.75; P<.001), previous smoking (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.12-1.60; P=.001), a history of high blood pressure (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.86-2.44; P<.001), a history of diabetes mellitus (OR 2.72, 95% CI 2.34-3.17; P<.001), a family history of coronary heart disease (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.07-1.55; P=.009), and obesity (BMI >30 kg/m2; OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.05-1.34; P=.009) were associated with MI in age- and sex-adjusted models. Conclusions: The MAVERIK study can serve as a useful platform to investigate genetic and other risk factors for MI in an understudied Southeast Asian population. It should help to hasten the discovery of disease-causing pathways and inform regionally appropriate strategies that optimize public health action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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33. Symptoms of a broken system: the gender gaps in COVID-19 decision-making

Author

van Daalen, Kim Robin, primary, Bajnoczki, Csongor, additional, Chowdhury, Maisoon, additional, Dada, Sara, additional, Khorsand, Parnian, additional, Socha, Anna, additional, Lal, Arush, additional, Jung, Laura, additional, Alqodmani, Lujain, additional, Torres, Irene, additional, Ouedraogo, Samiratou, additional, Mahmud, Amina Jama, additional, Dhatt, Roopa, additional, Phelan, Alexandra, additional, and Rajan, Dheepa, additional

Published
2020
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34. The Malaysian Acute Vascular Events Risk (MAVERIK) study protocol: studying genetic and other determinants of first-ever myocardial infarction in Malaysia (Preprint)

Author

Chowdhury, Rajiv, Noh, Mohd Fairulnizal Bin Md, Ismail, Sophia Rasheeqa, Van Daalen, Kim Robin, Kamaruddin, Puteri Sofia Nadira Megat, Zulkiply, Siti Hafizah, Azizul, Nur Hayati, Khalid, Norhayati Mustafa, Ali, Azizan, Idris, Izyan Mohd, Mei, Yong Shih, Abdullah, Shazana Rifham, Faridus, Norfashihah, Yusof, Nur Azirah Md, Yusoff, Nur Najwa Farahin M, Jamal, Rahman, Rahim, Aizai Azan Abdul, Radhakrishnan, Ammu Kutty, Ghapar, Abdul Kahar Abdul, Fong, Alan Yean Yip, Ismail, Omar, Krishinan, Saravanan, Yan, Lee Chuey, Bang, Liew Houng, Mageswaren, Eashwary, Mahendran, Kauthaman, Amin, Nor Hanim Mohd, Muthusamy, Gunavathy, Jin, Aaron Ong Hean, Ramli, Ahmad Wazi, Ross, Noel Thomas, Ruhani, Anwar Irawan, Yahya, Mansor, Yusoff, Yusniza, Abidin, Siti Khairani Zainal, Amado, Laryssa, Bolton, Thomas, Weston, Sophie, Crawte, Jason, Ovenden, Niko, Michielsen, Ank, Monower, Md Mostafa, Mahiyuddin, Wan Rozita Wan, Wood, Angela, Di Angelantonio, Emanuele, Sulaiman, Nur Suffia, Danesh, John, Butterworth, Adam S, Wood, Angela [0000-0002-7937-304X], Di Angelantonio, Emanuele [0000-0001-8776-6719], Danesh, John [0000-0003-1158-6791], Butterworth, Adam [0000-0002-6915-9015], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Although the burden of premature myocardial infarction (MI) is high in Malaysia, direct evidence on the determinants of MI in this multi-ethnic population remains sparse. The Malaysian Acute Vascular Events Risk (MAVERIK) study is a retrospective case-control study established to enable investigation of genomic, lipid-related and other determinants of acute MI in Malaysia. To our knowledge, it represents the largest case-control study of MI and related traits in Malaysia. In this paper, we report the study’s design and initial results. METHODS: By June 2019, MAVERIK had enrolled about 2500 patients with first-ever MI and 2500 controls without cardiovascular disease (CVD), frequency-matched by age, sex and ethnicity, from 17 hospitals in Malaysia. For each participant, serum and whole blood have been collected and stored. Clinical, demographic and behavioural information has been obtained using a 200-item questionnaire. RESULTS: Tobacco consumption, history of diabetes, hypertension, markers of visceral adiposity, indicators of lower socioeconomic status, and family history of coronary disease were more prevalent in cases than controls. Crude and adjusted (age, sex) logistic regression models for traditional risk factors indicated that current smoking, previous smoking, history of high blood pressure, history of diabetes mellitus, family history of CHD and obesity (BMI>30) were associated with MI in age- and sex-adjusted models. CONCLUSION: The MAVERIK study can serve as a useful platform to investigate genetic and other risk factors for MI in an under-studied South-East Asian population. It should help to hasten discovery of disease-causing pathways and to inform regionally appropriate strategies that optimise public health action.

35. Health equity audits: a systematic review of the effectiveness

Author

Claire Norman, Kim Robin van Daalen, Fiona Davey, John Ford, van Daalen, Kim Robin [0000-0001-6955-9708], Ford, John Alexander [0000-0001-8033-7081], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Clinical audit, medicine.medical_specialty, Coronary Disease, Pharmacy, Audit, Epidemiology, Humans, Medicine, Pharmacies, Health Equity, business.industry, Public health, clinical audit, public health, Equity (finance), General Medicine, Grey literature, Health equity, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Family medicine, epidemiology, business
Abstract

ObjectivesThe purpose of this systematic review is to explore whether health equity audits (HEAs) are effective in improving the equity of service provision and reducing health inequalities.DesignThree databases (Ovid Medline, Embase, Web of Science) and grey literature (Opengrey, Google Scholar) were systematically searched for articles published after 2000, reporting on the effectiveness of HEA. Title and abstracts were screened according to an eligibility criteria to identify studies which included a full audit cycle (eg, initial equity analysis, service changes and review). Data were extracted from studies meeting the eligibility criteria after full text review and risk of bias assessed using the ROBINS-I tool.ResultsThe search strategy identified 596 articles. Fifteen records were reviewed in full text and three records were included in final review. An additional HEA report was identified through contact with an author. Three different HEAs were included from one peer-reviewed journal article, two published reports and one unpublished report (n=4 records on n=3 HEAs). This included 102 851 participants and over 148 practices/pharmacies (information was not recorded for all records). One study reviewed health equity impacts of HEA implementation in key indicators for coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Two HEAs explored Stop Smoking Services on programme access and equity. All reported some degree of reduction in health inequalities compared with prior HEA implementation. However, impact of HEA implementation compared with other concurrent programmes and initiatives was unclear. All included studies were judged to have moderate to serious risk of bias.ConclusionsThere is an urgent need to identify effective interventions to address health inequalities. While HEAs are recommended, we only identified limited weak evidence to support their use. More evidence is needed to explore whether HEA implementation can reduce inequalities and which factors are influencing effectiveness.Trial registration numberThe study was registered prior to its conduction in PROSPERO (CRD 42020218642).

Published
2021

36. The global health community at international climate change negotiations.

Author

van Daalen KR, Wyma N, Schauer-Berg J, Blom IM, Mattijsen J, Othman R, Eissa M, Parks RM, Wyns A, Aboushady AT, Hassan M, Ezzine T, Khan S, Zayed ME, Neggazi S, Alqodmani L, and Lowe R

Subjects
Humans, Climate Change, International Cooperation, Negotiating, Global Health
Abstract

Competing Interests: Competing interests: AW is an advisor to the office of the COP28 Presidency. There are no other conflicts of interest to declare.

Published
2024
Full Text
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37. The effect of temporal data aggregation to assess the impact of changing temperatures in Europe: an epidemiological modelling study.

Author

Ballester J, van Daalen KR, Chen ZY, Achebak H, Antó JM, Basagaña X, Robine JM, Herrmann FR, Tonne C, Semenza JC, and Lowe R

Abstract

Background: Daily time-series regression models are commonly used to estimate the lagged nonlinear relation between temperature and mortality. A major impediment to this type of analysis is the restricted access to daily health records. The use of weekly and monthly data represents a possible solution unexplored to date., Methods: We temporally aggregated daily temperatures and mortality records from 147 contiguous regions in 16 European countries, representing their entire population of over 400 million people. We estimated temperature-lag-mortality relationships by using standard time-series quasi-Poisson regression models applied to daily data, and compared the results with those obtained with different degrees of temporal aggregation., Findings: We observed progressively larger differences in the epidemiological estimates with the degree of temporal data aggregation. The daily data model estimated an annual cold and heat-related mortality of 290,104 (213,745-359,636) and 39,434 (30,782-47,084) deaths, respectively, and the weekly model underestimated these numbers by 8.56% and 21.56%. Importantly, differences were systematically smaller during extreme cold and heat periods, such as the summer of 2003, with an underestimation of only 4.62% in the weekly data model. We applied this framework to infer that the heat-related mortality burden during the year 2022 in Europe may have exceeded the 70,000 deaths., Interpretation: The present work represents a first reference study validating the use of weekly time series as an approximation to the short-term effects of cold and heat on human mortality. This approach can be adopted to complement access-restricted data networks, and facilitate data access for research, translation and policy-making., Funding: The study was supported by the ERC Consolidator Grant EARLY-ADAPT (https://www.early-adapt.eu/), and the ERC Proof-of-Concept Grants HHS-EWS and FORECAST-AIR., Competing Interests: We declare no competing interests., (© 2023 The Author(s).)

Published
2023
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