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9. Continuous glucose monitoring in para cyclists: An observational study.

Author

Weijer, Vera, van der Werf, Rob, van der Haijden, Myrthe, Jeukendrup, Asker, van Loon, Luc J. C., and Dijk, Jan‐Willem van

Subjects
CROSS-sectional method, REFERENCE values, REPEATED measures design, EXERCISE, BLOOD sugar monitors, FOOD consumption, DATA analysis, T-test (Statistics), RESEARCH funding, SCIENTIFIC observation, DISEASE prevalence, SPINAL cord injuries, MANN Whitney U Test, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, CYCLING, HYPERGLYCEMIA, CONTINUOUS glucose monitoring, ANALYSIS of variance, FRIEDMAN test (Statistics), STATISTICS, ATHLETIC ability, MEALS, COMPARATIVE studies, DATA analysis software, HYPOGLYCEMIA, TIME
Abstract

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is an emerging tool for dietary counseling in athletes. This study aimed to explore blood glucose profiles in Para cyclists and evaluate CGM accuracy at rest and during exercise. Thirteen Para cyclists, comprising eight hand bikers and five cyclists, wore a CGM sensor (Abbott) for 2 weeks. Participants recorded the timing of meals and regular training sessions and executed one standardized training session. Fifteen capillary blood glucose reference values (seven at rest and eight during the standardized training) were obtained by finger pricks. Mean glucose concentrations and time spent in hypoglycemia (<3.9 mmol/L), euglycemia (3.9–7.8 mmol/L), and hyperglycemia (>7.8 mmol/L) were calculated over 24 hrs and during daytime, nighttime, exercise, and 2 hrs postprandial periods. Mean absolute relative differences (MARD) were calculated between the CGM and capillary blood glucose. The mean glucose concentration over the 24 hr‐period was 5.7 (5.6–5.8) mmol/L. Athletes were in the euglycemia range 91% of the time. Hyperglycemia was almost exclusively observed postprandially and during exercise. Hypoglycemia was restricted to the night and was particularly observed in athletes with a spinal cord injury. CGM accuracy was acceptable at rest (MARD: 12%) but markedly lower during exercise (MARD: 34%; p = 0.01), especially for hand bikers (MARD: 41%) compared with cyclists (MARD: 24%; p = 0.01). Para cyclists generally do not display signs of disturbed glucose regulation. However, the increased risk for nocturnal hypoglycemia in athletes with a spinal cord injury warrants attention. Furthermore, CGM accuracy is compromised during exercise, especially if the sensor is in proximity to highly active muscles. Highlights: Para cyclists generally do not display signs of disturbed glucose regulation.Para cyclists with a spinal cord injury seem to be at a higher risk for nocturnal hypoglycemia.Accuracy of the continuous glucose monitor is acceptable at rest but low during exercise, especially if the sensor is placed in proximity to highly active muscles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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12. Ingestion of Free Amino Acids Compared with an Equivalent Amount of Intact Protein Results in More Rapid Amino Acid Absorption and Greater Postprandial Plasma Amino Acid Availability Without Affecting Muscle Protein Synthesis Rates in Young Adults in a Double-Blind Randomized Trial

Author

Weijzen, Michelle E G, van Gassel, Rob J J, Kouw, Imre W K, Trommelen, Jorn, Gorissen, Stefan H M, van Kranenburg, Janneau, Goessens, Joy P B, van de Poll, Marcel C G, Verdijk, Lex B, and van Loon, Luc J C

Published
2022
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23. Becoming a World Champion Powerlifter at 71 Years of Age: It Is Never Too Late to Start Exercising

Author

Fuchs, Cas J, Trommelen, Jorn, Weijzen, Michelle E G, Smeets, Joey S J, van Kranenburg, Janneau, Verdijk, Lex B, van Loon, Luc J C, Fuchs, Cas J, Trommelen, Jorn, Weijzen, Michelle E G, Smeets, Joey S J, van Kranenburg, Janneau, Verdijk, Lex B, and van Loon, Luc J C

Abstract

This case study assessed body composition, muscle strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, and metabolic health of the present female world champion powerlifter in the 70+ age category who started resistance exercise training at 63 years of age with no prior experience with structured exercise training. Measures of body composition (magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanning, leg volume); strength (one-repetition maximum leg press and extension, maximum voluntary contraction, and handgrip strength); physical function (short physical performance battery); cardiorespiratory fitness (peak oxygen consumption); and metabolic health (oral glucose tolerance test) were assessed. In addition, a muscle biopsy was collected to assess muscle fiber type distribution and cross-sectional area (CSA). Where possible, data were compared with previously (un)published sex- and age-matched data using z scores. Skeletal muscle mass index was calculated by dividing limb muscle mass by height squared. Data from the control groups are expressed as mean ± 95% confidence interval. Our participant (age: 71 years; body mass: 64.5 kg; body mass index: 27.6 kg/m2) reported a good bone mineral density of 1.09 g/cm2 (T score between -1 and +1) and very low values of abdominal and organ body fat (i.e., between 20% and 70% lower compared with a reference group of postmenopausal women). In addition, she showed a 33% greater skeletal muscle mass index when compared with healthy, older female control subjects (7.9 vs. 5.9 [5.7-6.2] kg/m2; n = 61) as well as 37% greater muscle quadriceps CSA (63.8 vs. 46.6 [44.5-48.7] cm2; n = 48) and 46% greater Type II muscle fiber CSA (4,536 vs. 3,097 [2,707-3,488] µm2; n = 19). Absolute leg press muscle strength was 36% greater (190 vs. 140 [132-147] kg; n = 30) and handgrip strength was 33% greater (33 vs. 25 [23-26] kg; n = 48) when compared with healthy, age-matched controls. In conclusion, even for resistance exerci

Published
2024

31. Benefits of resistance training are not preserved after cessation of supervised training in prostate cancer patients on androgen deprivation therapy

Author

Houben, Lisanne H. P., primary, Overkamp, Maarten, additional, Senden, Joan M. G., additional, van Roermund, Joep G. H., additional, de Vries, Peter, additional, de Laet, Kevin, additional, van der Meer, Saskia, additional, van Loon, Luc J. C., additional, Beelen, Milou, additional, and Beijer, Sandra, additional

Published
2024
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32. A Low or High Physical Activity Level Does Not Modulate Prostate Tumor Tissue Protein Synthesis Rates

Author

Houben, Lisanne H. P., primary, Tuytten, Tom, additional, Holwerda, Andrew M., additional, Wisanto, Erika, additional, Senden, Joan, additional, Wodzig, Will K. W. H., additional, Olde Damink, Steven W. M., additional, Beelen, Milou, additional, Beijer, Sandra, additional, van Renterghem, Koenraad, additional, and van Loon, Luc J. C., additional

Published
2023
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42. Increasing vegetable intake to obtain the health promoting and ergogenic effects of dietary nitrate

Author

Van der Avoort, Cindy M. T., Van Loon, Luc J. C., Hopman, Maria T. E., and Verdijk, Lex B.

Subjects
Nitrates -- Usage -- Health aspects, Vegetables -- Nutritional aspects, Accounting, Dietary supplements, Retirement benefits, Food/cooking/nutrition, Health
Abstract

Increased consumption of dietary nitrate increases plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations, and has been shown to elicit cardio-protective effects and improve exercise performance. Nitrate consumption in the habitual diet is mainly dependent on nitrate-rich vegetables, such as green leafy and root vegetables, with total vegetable consumption accounting for approximately 50-85% of our daily nitrate intake. Whereas 'supplementation' with dietary nitrate in research studies has mainly been accomplished through the use of (concentrated) nitrate-rich beetroot juice, dietary strategies focusing on increased intake of nitrate-rich vegetables may represent a similarly effective alternative for increasing dietary nitrate intake and, as such, obtaining the associated cardiovascular health and ergogenic benefits., Author(s): Cindy M. T. Van der Avoort [sup.1] [sup.2] [sup.3] , Luc J. C. Van Loon [sup.1] [sup.2] , Maria T. E. Hopman [sup.3] , Lex B. Verdijk [sup.1] Author [...]

Published
2018
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46. Bone turnover following high-impact exercise is not modulated by collagen supplementation in young men: A randomized cross-over trial

Author

Hilkens, Luuk, Boerboom, Marleen, van Schijndel, Nick, Bons, Judith, VAN Loon, Luc J C, van Dijk, Jan-Willem, RS: NUTRIM - R3 - Respiratory & Age-related Health, Humane Biologie, MUMC+: DA CDL Algemeen (9), Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, and Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group

Subjects
Histology, Physiology, BOUT, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, AGE, MARKERS, High -impact exercise, HEALTH, CTX, P1NP, POSITION STATEMENT, Bone, Collagen supplementation, CTX-I
Abstract

Introduction: We assessed whether collagen supplementation augments the effects of high-impact exercise on bone turnover and whether a higher exercise frequency results in a greater benefit for bone metabolism. Methods: In this randomized, cross-over trial, 14 healthy males (age 24 +/- 4 y, BMI 22.0 +/- 2.1 kg/m2) performed 5-min of high-impact exercise once (JUMP+PLA and JUMP+COL) or twice daily (JUMP2+COL2) during a 3-day intervention period, separated by a 10-day wash out period. One hour before every exercise bout participants ingested 20 g hydrolysed collagen (JUMP+COL and JUMP2+COL2) or a placebo control (JUMP+PLA). Blood markers of bone formation (P1NP) and resorption (CTX-I) were assessed in the fasted state before the ingestion of the initial test drinks and 24, 48, and 72 h thereafter. In JUMP+PLA and JUMP+COL, additional blood samples were collected in the postprandial state at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 13 h after ingestion of the test drink. Results: In the postprandial state, serum P1NP concentrations decreased marginally from 99 +/- 37 to 93 +/- 33 ng/ mL in JUMP+COL, and from 97 +/- 32 to 92 +/- 31 ng/mL in JUMP+PLA, with P1NP levels having returned to baseline levels after 13 h (time-effect, P = 0.053). No differences in serum P1NP concentrations were observed between JUMP+PLA and JUMP+COL (time x treatment, P = 0.58). Serum CTX-I concentrations showed a - 50 % decline (time, P < 0.001) in the postprandial state in JUMP+COL (0.9 +/- 0.3 to 0.4 +/- 0.2 ng/mL) and JUMP+PLA (0.9 +/- 0.3 to 0.4 +/- 0.2 ng/mL), with no differences between treatments (time x treatment, P = 0.17). Fasted serum P1NP concentrations increased -8 % by daily jumping exercise (time-effect, P < 0.01), with no differences between treatments (time x treatment, P = 0.71). Fasted serum CTX-I concentrations did not change over time (time-effect, P = 0.41) and did not differ between treatments (time x treatment, P = 0.58). Conclusions: Five minutes of high-impact exercise performed daily stimulates bone formation during a 3-day intervention period. This was indicated by an increase in fasted serum P1NP concentrations, rather than an acute increase in post-exercise serum P1NP concentrations. Collagen supplementation or an increase in exercise frequency does not further increase serum P1NP concentrations. The bone resorption marker CTX-I was not affected by daily short-duration high-impact exercise with or without concurrent collagen supplementation.

Published
2023

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