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Abstract Sustainable development ensures the longevity of civilization by balancing economic growth, environmental protection, and social equity. The present study evaluates cultural heritage assets via a meta-regression analysis function transfer, in which 85 studies were examined that revealed 106 different willingness-to-pay (WTP) values in the period 1995–2022. The meta-regression methodology enables the valuation of cultural heritage—tangible and intangible—goods and services, as well as cultural values (e.g. aesthetic, spiritual, symbolic, etc.). The utilization of WTP would enable us to compare the two models (i.e., European and non-European) on how much a citizen would value cultural heritage based on non-market valuation. The results would inform policymakers about the importance of cultural heritage assets in the sustainable development agenda. The empirical findings present that the WTP for the European sample is 37.6€ and for the non-European is 60.12€. In essence, the Europeans are influenced mainly by intangible cultural assets, whereas non-Europeans are influenced by oral tradition. Overall, cultural heritage conservation necessitates for proper economic valuation through a holistic approach, in short—the valuation of both tangible and intangible cultural goods and services is imperative for sustainable development.

Sustainable development ensures the longevity of civilization by balancing economic growth, environmental protection, and social equity. The present study evaluates cultural heritage assets via a meta-regression analysis function transfer, in which 85 studies were examined that revealed 106 different willingness-to-pay (WTP) values in the period 1995–2022. The meta-regression methodology enables the valuation of cultural heritage—tangible and intangible—goods and services, as well as cultural values (e.g. aesthetic, spiritual, symbolic, etc.). The utilization of WTP would enable us to compare the two models (i.e., European and non-European) on how much a citizen would value cultural heritage based on non-market valuation. The results would inform policymakers about the importance of cultural heritage assets in the sustainable development agenda. The empirical findings present that the WTP for the European sample is 37.6€ and for the non-European is 60.12€. In essence, the Europeans are influenced mainly by intangible cultural assets, whereas non-Europeans are influenced by oral tradition. Overall, cultural heritage conservation necessitates for proper economic valuation through a holistic approach, in short—the valuation of both tangible and intangible cultural goods and services is imperative for sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on digital operational knowledge belonging to natural persons and proposes a greenfield approach to differentiate the value of intangibles from that of human intellectual capital. Our research approach involves two assessments. Assessment 1 evaluates intangible assets using the internally generated goodwill (IGG) measure. We analyze time-series IGG data for six digital sectors, using the top 90 software-as-a-service (SaaS) companies as a benchmark. The results indicate that the IGG of the SaaS benchmark is higher than the total IGG of the six sectors. Assessment 2 focuses on the correlation between digital labor investment and digital investment returns before and after 2013 for the six sectors to identify positive and negative correlations from 2013 onward. The results indicate that, since 2013, a qualitative change has occurred in digital labor capital that has not been reflected in financial statements because of accounting distortions and that the returns on investment for digital labor have been underestimated. The standalone valuation of digital know-how that belongs to natural persons, previously based on operating expense, will be based on capital expenditure. In addition, amortization will have the same contribution as depreciation of tangible assets to value creation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When nature-based solutions (NBS) are developed with a primary scope, they also provide simultaneous additional economic, social, and environmental benefits, i.e., Ecosystem Services. A monetary assessment that accounts for these additional benefits is provided by this work, with a focus on Europe. Specifically, this is intended to evaluate nine identified benefits of those wetlands and buffer strips designed to primarily address agricultural diffuse pollution, which must surely be listed among the negative externalities of economic activities that NBS can help resolve. The aim of developing a simplified value transfer methodology for a rapid evaluation of NBS benefits with the adjusted unit Value Transfer method is to create an accessible solution when time, funding, or other constraints prevent the use of highly technical primary monetization approaches. The developed exercise allows us to gather insights from several primary valuation studies and to appropriately transfer the monetary valuation outcomes to new policy sites. In order to reduce the distance from the expected and required concrete achievements of the economic valuations, the study has been integrated with an case study located in the Venice lagoon catchment in Northwestern Italy. The results obtained are to be considered sound, with existing evidence showing that the most valuable benefits of the considered NBS are both water quality and recreation and tourism, to which is added, in the case of wetlands, water supply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sanhua decoction has significant effects in the treatment of stroke. The study of the Sanhua decoction material benchmark was carried out to analyze the value transfer relationship between the Chinese herbal pieces and the substance benchmark. Methods: Network pharmacology was employed to investigate the potential active components and molecular mechanisms of Sanhua decoction in the treatment of stroke. 15 batches of Sanhua decoction lyophilized powder were prepared using traditional formulas and subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography analysis to generate fingerprints of the Sanhua decoction substance benchmarks. Then, a multi-component quantitative analysis method was established, allowing for the simultaneous determination of ten components, to study the transfer of quantity values between pieces and substance benchmarks. Results: 60 active ingredients were screened from Sanhua decoction by network pharmacology, of which gallic acid, magnolol honokiol, physcion, and aloe-emodin may have a greater effect than other active components. 63 key targets and 134 pathways were predicted as the potential mechanism of Sanhua decoction in treating stroke. The fingerprint similarity of the Sanhua decoction substance benchmarks was found to be good among the 15 batches, confirming the 19 common peaks. The content of the 10 components was basically consistent. The components' transfer rates were within 30% of their respective means. Conclusions: This study provided a comprehensive and reliable strategy for the quality evaluation of Sanhua decoction substance benchmarks and held significant importance in improving its application value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blockchain is a distributed ledger technology with multi-party consensus, traceability and tamper-proof, which provides a broad application prospect for constructing efficient, trusted and secure data sharing mechanism and optimizing business processes. However, when blockchain is in a stage of rapid development, how to realize cross-chain interaction of information and cross-chain transfer of value has become an urgent problem to be solved in the process of blockchain extension to depth. Firstly, based on the review of the existing research results, the concept of blockchain interoperability is proposed, and it is divided into five aspects: inter-chain interoperability, inter-layer interoperability, inter-fork interoperability, inter-slice interoperability and interoperability between on-chain and off-chain. Secondly, by sorting out the evolution and implementation of cross-chain operation of blockchain, and referring to the TCP/IP architecture, a cross-chain operation model is designed, and the main implementation steps are functionally described. Thirdly, in view of the current research status of cross-chain operation, four key technologies of cross-chain operation, including notary mechanism, side chain/relay, hash lock and distributed private key control, are selected for analysis. Then, combined with the technical characteristics and application scenarios, the application demonstration is highlighted, some typical cross-chain application projects are introduced, and the security of blockchain cross-chain operation is analyzed. Finally, the future development trend of blockchain interoperability and cross-chain technology is summarized and explored.

Companies that nurture a shared corporate culture based on specific corporate values can improve their performance. However, when companies expand globally, communicating and transferring these values can be challenging, particularly when there are significant linguistic and cultural differences. This qualitative study examined the case of a small Norwegian IT company that has put its two corporate values at the core of its activity, and how these values were transferred to a subsidiary in India. Drawing on the concept of recontextualization and socialization theory, the study investigates the following: (1) how the corporate values were transferred, recontextualized and renegotiated in the Indian subsidiary; (2) how those values were implemented through a set of socialization mechanisms. Our main findings reveal how the Indian leaders actively recontextualized the values into prevailing cultural practices in India, and how senior employees were engaged in the value transfer process. Moreover, this article outlines how a small company without a formal HR department and with no expatriates to guide the process can use soft control mechanisms related to more formalized and structured HR practices to implement the headquarters' values. Additionally, the article discusses the theoretical and practical implications of the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we demonstrate value generalisation from a sample of ecosystem assets – municipally managed trees - to all tree assets within an urban ecosystem accounting area. A Bayesian network model is used to machine-learn non-parametric correlation patterns between biophysical site condition variables and output variables of an ecosystem service model – here iTree Eco for modelling the regulating services of urban forests. The paper also demonstrates the use of spatial Bayesian network modelling to quantify the reliability of value generalisation for accounting purposes. Value generalisation entails inferring ecosystem service values for all locations in an ecosystem accounting area, where the accounting practitioner has less information about the asset and its context, than in an available sample of managed sites within the accounting area. The modelling is carried out as a “proof-of-principle” of potential value generalisation and uncertainty analysis methods for ecosystem accounting. It does not cover all regulating ecosystem services of urban forests, nor cultural services. While noting that wide confidence intervals for generalised values pose challenges for using monetary accounts for the accounting purpose of change detection, we find that tree-specific asset valuation is possible in an urban accounting setting. Our findings serve the purpose of raising awareness about asset values of urban green infrastructure, to bring them more on a par with grey infrastructure in urban planning. We also argue that the reliability of the asset value of individual trees is also good enough to be used for non-accounting purposes, such as municipal tree damage assessments.

Copyright of Inonu University Journal of the Faculty of Education (INUJFE) is the property of Inonu University Journal of the Faculty of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Frontiers of Computer Science & Technology is the property of Beijing Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications Journal Co Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study focuses on digital operational knowledge belonging to natural persons and proposes a greenfield approach to differentiate the value of intangibles from that of human intellectual capital. Our research approach involves two assessments. Assessment 1 evaluates intangible assets using the internally generated goodwill (IGG) measure. We analyze time-series IGG data for six digital sectors, using the top 90 software-as-a-service (SaaS) companies as a benchmark. The results indicate that the IGG of the SaaS benchmark is higher than the total IGG of the six sectors. Assessment 2 focuses on the correlation between digital labor investment and digital investment returns before and after 2013 for the six sectors to identify positive and negative correlations from 2013 onward. The results indicate that, since 2013, a qualitative change has occurred in digital labor capital that has not been reflected in financial statements because of accounting distortions and that the returns on investment for digital labor have been underestimated. The standalone valuation of digital know-how that belongs to natural persons, previously based on operating expense, will be based on capital expenditure. In addition, amortization will have the same contribution as depreciation of tangible assets to value creation.

The System of Environmental Economic Accounting - Ecosystem Accounting (SEEA EA) provides a framework for quantifying and valuing ecosystem services that is consistent with the System of National Accounts (SNA). As such, monetary estimates for ecosystem services are required to be measured as exchange values. The environmental economics literature on the value of ecosystem services has expanded consideralby over the past two decades and the Ecosystem Services Valuation Database (ESVD) currently provides the most comprehensive collection and synthesis of this information. The primary valuation studies included in the ESVD, however, measure a variety of value concepts including welfare values, exchange values and others. This raises a challenge for using existing value data as input to SEEA EA applications. This paper explores potential approaches to using the ESVD for value transfers that are consistent with SEEA EA, specifically for the estimation of meta-analytic value functions that can be used to reflect spatial variation in supply and demand of ecosystem services and proxy exchange values. It identifies avenues for future research and development of the ESVD to operationalise and test this approach.

Revealed and stated preference techniques are widely used to assess willingness to pay (WTP) for non-market goods as input to public and private decision-making. However, individuals first have to satisfy subsistence needs through market good consumption, which affects their ability to pay. We provide a methodological framework and derive a simple ex post adjustment factor to account for this effect. We quantify its impacts on the WTP for non-market goods and the ranking of projects theoretically, numerically and empirically. This confirms that non-adjusted WTP tends to be plutocratic: the views of the richest – whatever they are – are more likely to impact decision-making, potentially leading to ranking reversal between projects. We also suggest that the subsistence needs-based adjustment factor we propose has a role to play in value transfer procedures. The overall goal is a better representation of the entire population's preferences with regard to non-market goods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper estimates the production, realisation, and capture of economic value in the world economy from 2000 to 2014. Estimates show how value is produced and transferred across 56 sectors and 43 countries. The methodology builds on the Marxian literature and the productive-unproductive classification. Value production is the labour directly and indirectly required to produce goods and services within global value chains. Value capture is the deviation between value realisation and production. Results show that China is the largest giver of value while the USA is the largest capturer of value in the world economy. Unproductive activities (real estate, finance, and trade) and capital-intensive industries (manufacturing, mining, and oil) are value capturers. Labour-intensive industries (health, education, construction, agriculture, and services) transfer value away. The paper also demonstrates that the theory of unequal exchange is incompatible with the conventional assumption that all activities are productive. Only under the Marxian productive-unproductive classification do the results converge with unequal exchange theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we demonstrate value generalisation from a sample of ecosystem assets – municipally managed trees - to all tree assets within an urban ecosystem accounting area. A Bayesian network model is used to machine-learn non-parametric correlation patterns between biophysical site condition variables and output variables of an ecosystem service model – here iTree Eco for modelling the regulating services of urban forests. The paper also demonstrates the use of spatial Bayesian network modelling to quantify the reliability of value generalisation for accounting purposes. Value generalisation entails inferring ecosystem service values for all locations in an ecosystem accounting area, where the accounting practitioner has less information about the asset and its context, than in an available sample of managed sites within the accounting area. The modelling is carried out as a "proof-of-principle" of potential value generalisation and uncertainty analysis methods for ecosystem accounting. It does not cover all regulating ecosystem services of urban forests, nor cultural services. While noting that wide confidence intervals for generalised values pose challenges for using monetary accounts for the accounting purpose of change detection, we find that tree-specific asset valuation is possible in an urban accounting setting. Our findings serve the purpose of raising awareness about asset values of urban green infrastructure, to bring them more on a par with grey infrastructure in urban planning. We also argue that the reliability of the asset value of individual trees is also good enough to be used for non-accounting purposes, such as municipal tree damage assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of RumeliDE Journal of Language & Literature Research / RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of RumeliDE Uluslararasi Hakemli Dil & Edebiyat Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Owing to the difficulty in processing and measuring large involute artifacts, the value transfer of large gears remains a challenge. In this study, by replacing the involute tooth profile with an arc, a new double-axis arc-shaped large-size involute artifact was constructed, and a design method for the artifact was proposed. In the newly designed large-size involute artifact, the diameter of the reference block was 181.7744 mm, and the distance from the center of the reference block to the axis of the centering axis was 362.1212 mm. The artifact was tested using the Klingelnberg Gear Measuring Center P100. Three performance indicators f VB , f FK and f NC are proposed to evaluate the gear measurement instrument. The experimental results demonstrated that the developed double-axis arc-shaped large-size involute artifact satisfied the high-precision requirements for the processing and inspection of artifacts. The paper provides theoretical support for establishing the value transfer and traceability system and the gear involute extension standard. • A large involute artifact was designed, which is an ideal gauge for evaluating the performance of large gear checkers. • A large involute artifact was designed and developed with dimensions C of 362.1212 mm and r c of 90.8872 mm. • The artifact was tested with the Klingelnberg P100 and obtained three indicators to evaluate its performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid economic development, industrialization and urbanization lead to environmental pollution and damage the stability of regional ecosystems. The Yangtze River Delta region is an economically developed region in China, faces the problems of water environment pollution and water ecosystem service degradation. Reasonable assessment of water ecosystem service value (ESV) is of great significance for grasping the status of regional water ecosystem services, improving water ecological environment, and realizing regional sustainable development. This study collects 119 research literature about China, including 156 observations to establish a value transfer database; specially builds a Meta-analysis model including the variables of climate conditions, environmental pollution and environmental protection, then assesses the waters ESV in the Yangtze River Delta using the model and analyzes the changes from 2009 to 2018. The study finds that the location, population density, the area of the site, average annual precipitation, literature characteristics, landscape characteristics, wastewater discharge, environmental protection expenditure, and wastewater treatment costs can affect the water ESV significantly. Based on the meta-analysis benefit transfer model to evaluate the water ESV in Yangtze River Delta region is RMB 177,126 yuan/ hha/year and the growth rate is 27.18%. The place with the highest value per unit area is Shanghai, and the total value in Jiangsu Province is the highest. Economic development, waste water discharge and wastewater treatment costs are the main reasons for the changes and differences in the value of water ecosystem services in the Yangtze River Delta region. The contribution of this study to the field of water ESV assessment is that the meta-analysis model includes a broader set of influencing variables, including landscape, population density, climate change and environmental protection. It provides a practical reference for water ESV assessment on the local scale and a scientific basis for water area management related to the development of water area and ecological compensation, as well as promote the sustainable development of water ecosystems.

Değer, bireyin amaçları ve ihtiyaçları doğrultusunda olguya yüklediği belirli nitelik ve anlamlar ile belirlenen tavır ve davranışlar olarak tanımlanabilir. Bireyin kendi tercihlerine bağlı olarak sergilediği davranışlara kaynaklık etmesinin yanında değer, davranışları yargılamayı sağlayacak anlayışları da içerisinde barındırmaktadır. Ayrıca zamandan bağımsız olmayan, toplumun çoğunluğu tarafından kabul gören değerlerin, eğitim yoluyla yeni nesillere aktarılması, değerlere ve değer eğitimine özel bir anlam yüklemiştir. Bireylerde egemen söylemin istediği yönde davranış değişikliği öngören eğitim faaliyetleri içerisinde yer alan tarih dersleri, sadece geçmişin bilgisini öğretmekle kalmayıp değer aktarımını da içerisinde barındırmaktadır. Tarih dersleri, öğrencilere belli değerleri kazandırmakta ya da bu değerlerin sorgulanmasını sağlamaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’de 2018 yılında gerçekleşen müfredat değişikliğinin ardından yenilenen ortaöğretim tarih ders kitaplarında yer alan değerlerin ve değer aktarım yaklaşımlarının neler olduğunu ortaya çıkarmaktır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma desenlerinden durum çalışması kullanılarak doküman incelemesi yapılmıştır. Araştırmada 9, 10, 11. sınıf tarih ders kitapları ile 12. sınıf T.C. İnkılap Tarihi ve Atatürkçülük ders kitapları örneklem olarak seçilmiştir. Ders kitaplarındaki değerler ve değer aktarım yaklaşımlarının neler olduğu ve ifade etmiş olduğu anlamlar betimsel analiz ve içerik analizi yapılarak tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak ders kitaplarında yer alan kök değerlerin, evrensel ve geleneksel anlayış odaklı karakter eğitiminde yer alan değerlerden meydana geldiği ortaya çıkmıştır. Mevcut değerlerin aktarımında sıklıkla tercih edilen yöntemin, birçok değerin doğrudan öğrenciye aktarıldığı değerleri telkin etmek veya aşılamak olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Online learning offers cross-space and time, so students get flexibility in their time and place. Participants in online learning are larger than in traditional face-to-face classes. The utilization of internet networks has an impact on changes in learning culture. The position of students is required to be more individuals in managing learning. The role of the tutor revealed by Ki Hajar Dewantara has shifted its function. Educators cannot be directly involved in online learning. In online learning, educators function more than mediators and facilitators. Transfer of noble values, intellectualism, ethics, responsibility, honesty, and things that are reflective is not as easy as face-to-face learning. However, the application of technology in education is a necessity because the current generation is a digital generation whose daily life is inseparable from digital interactions. This study aims to see how the application of reflective aspects in learning material with a focus on the dominant material in the affective domain. Experiments will be conducted on learning video material on two groups of students. One group of students becomes a control group, while the other becomes an experimental group. In the control group, neutral learning videos will be used, while the experimental group will use features that apply the principle of coherence, personalization, and story method. The effectiveness of learning will be measured by evaluating the form of retention test, aptitude test, comprehensive transfer test, and problem-solving transfer test. This publication is ongoing research. It is expected that further discussions related to the methodology and features being tested can be raised. The application of technology that functions as an instrument of innovation in the cultivation of noble values of Indonesian culture is expected to be a reference in the design of teaching materials for online learning, especially for material from the affective domain. DOI: 10.17977/um022v5i12020p039

Copyright of Iskolakultúra is the property of University of Szeged, Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper argues that monetary valuation of ecosystem services for ecosystem accounting needs to be sensitive to institutional context, when simulating markets to generate exchange values where none was available previously and when conducting value generalisation that extrapolates exchange values from specific sites to the whole acounting area. The same ecosystem type can contain different governance regimes or, conversely, a single governance regime may be present in many ecosystem types. Governance regimes are, in part, determined by ecosystem type and condition, but also by ecosystem access characteristics which vary over urban-rural gradients. An ecosystem service will not have a single price if costs of supply and transaction vary in space. This is generally true for all accounting compatible valuation methods if they are extrapolated across different market contexts, but require particular attention if markets are simulated for specific locations and then assumed to be generally valid for the accounting area. The paper exemplifies this for different institutional settings for exchange values of recreation services exploring the general recommendation in SEEA EA for making valuation methods sensitive to institutional context. Stated preference methods simulate markets for ecosystem services. The paper then reviews non-market stated preference valuation studies that have been sensitive to institutional design. Findings on institutional design are, therefore, specifically relevant for simulation of market exchange values for the purpose of compiling monetary ecosystem accounts. The paper finds that disregard for the institutional context in valuation for ecosystem accounting can lead to: (i) errors of generalisation/aggregation and (ii) downward 'bias' in simulated accounting prices (relative to the status quo of the institutional context). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The System of Environmental Economic Accounting - Ecosystem Accounting (SEEA EA) provides a framework for quantifying and valuing ecosystem services that is consistent with the System of National Accounts (SNA). As such, monetary estimates for ecosystem services are required to be measured as exchange values. The environmental economics literature on the value of ecosystem services has expanded consideralby over the past two decades and the Ecosystem Services Valuation Database (ESVD) currently provides the most comprehensive collection and synthesis of this information. The primary valuation studies included in the ESVD, however, measure a variety of value concepts including welfare values, exchange values and others. This raises a challenge for using existing value data as input to SEEA EA applications. This paper explores potential approaches to using the ESVD for value transfers that are consistent with SEEA EA, specifically for the estimation of meta-analytic value functions that can be used to reflect spatial variation in supply and demand of ecosystem services and proxy exchange values. It identifies avenues for future research and development of the ESVD to operationalise and test this approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to understand China's uneven regional development in recent years on the basis of on political economics theories. We summarizes two theories from the political economics on uneven regional development--framework of production and framework of exchange--and unifies them by theories of labor value and capital circulation. It means to show that uneven regional development will be explained with value production, value realization and capital accumulation, and their interactions as well. This framework can not only explain regional disparities in a static sense, but also presents dynamically developments of regional disparities--first rising and then falling. Empirical research finds China's regional disparities result mainly from the value production gap. During the period of analysis, China went through a capital accumulation biased towards less developed regions, jointly shaped by market logic and government behavior. It made the effect of reducing regional disparities stronger than the "polarization effect" around 2007, producing a narrowing of disparities across regional development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted in the upper Suha watershed in Enemay district, Gojjam, Ethiopia. The aim of the study was to assess land use/cover (LULC) change of the study area between 1986 and 2015 and to analyse its impact on selected ecosystem services. The LULC change was assessed by using Landsat Thematic Mapper(TM) 1986 and Operational Land Imager and Thermal Infrared Sensor (OLI/TIS) 2015. The socio-economic survey was collected through key informant interviews and focus group discussion. The Landsat data were analysed using ERDAS IMAGINE 2014® and ArcGIS 10.5® softwares. The ecosystem services were estimated using the value transfer method. The results revealed that farmland, plantation forests and settlement increased by 18%, 93% and 125%, respectively whereas natural forest, shrubland and grassland decreased by 54%, 82% and 16%, respectively. The result also showed that the total ecosystem service value decreased from $31.5 million in 1986 to $24.36 million in 2015 mainly due to the decreasing areas of natural forest, shrubland and grasslands. The research results suggest that future land use planning should give emphasis on properly managing the natural and semi-natural vegetation that has high ecosystem service values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Research Journal of Politics, Economics & Management / Siyaset, Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Research Journal of Politics, Economics & Management and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Commons provide many ecosystem services that support the livelihoods of billions around the world. However, their contribution to people and the economy are rarely estimated in economic terms. Here, we estimate the economic contribution of the land-based commons in India, which cover 66.5 million hectares. We conducted a systematic literature review of publications between 1990 and 2020 and selected 161 peer-reviewed studies to develop an ecosystem services valuation database for India. We identified 34 ecosystem services from this database. We estimate that forest commons provide ecosystem services worth $2108 ha ^−1 yr ^−1 . Culturable wastelands and permanent pastures, and other grazing lands provide $861 ha ^−1 yr ^−1 each, and barren and unculturable lands provide $196 ha ^−1 yr ^−1 . Using the value transfer method, the average value of ecosystem services provided by land commons in India is estimated at $90.5 billion yr ^−1 (range $24–192 billion). This broad range reflects the status and condition of those commons. Based on the trends in the decline of land-based commons, we estimate the value of ecosystem services will decline to $68 billion by 2050: $750 million worth of ecosystem services can be lost each year over the next 30 years. This will have devastating implications for rural populations that depend on the commons for livelihoods and the delivery of critical ecosystem services. We highlight the need to use ecosystem services valuation in decision-making and policy to protect and sustainably manage commons in India.

Valuation economics is a field which promises a wide range of applications for tourism. However, the new born nature of tourism economics has not yet unveiled the vast opportunities for tourist policy information and the pricing information embedded therein. This paper aims to briefly conceptualize these opportunities with examples on the methods and relevant examples of literature and pave the way towards their accommodation in the emerging tourism economics field. Market failure occurrences in tourism drive the need for total economic value estimation for a wide array of tourist goods through the employment of stated preference techniques and revealed preference techniques. Tourism can also benefit from the benefit transfer approach initially conceptualized in environmental economics which have contributed to a great development and expansion of these methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Benefit transfer is the use of pre-existing empirical estimates from one or more settings where research has been conducted previously to predict measures of economic value or related information for other settings. These transfers offer a feasible means to provide information on economic values when time, funding and other constraints impede the use of original valuation studies. The methods used for applied benefit transfers vary widely, however, and it is not always clear why certain procedures were applied or whether alternatives might have led to more credible estimates. Motivated by the importance of benefit transfers for decision-making and the lack of consensus guidance for applied practice, this article provides recommendations for the conduct of valid and reliable transfers, based on the insight from the combined body of benefit transfer research. The primary objectives are to: (a) advance and inform benefit-transfer applications that inform decision making, (b) encourage consensus over key dimensions of best practice for these applications, and (c) focus future research on areas requiring further advances. In doing so, we acknowledge the healthy tension that can exist between best practice as led by the academic literature and practical constraints of real-world applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This dataset contains 706 estimates of the economic value of water; it has been compiled from published sources. Economic values are provided for three off-stream uses (agriculture/irrigation, industry, and municipal) and three in-stream ecosystem services (recreation, waste assimilation, and wildlife habitat). The dataset covers per period and capitalised asset values. All value estimates have been standardised in USD (2014) per acre-foot. The data accompany the research article entitled “Shifting from volume to economic value in virtual water allocation problems: a proposed new framework and methodology” [1]. The dataset can be used to facilitate benefits (or value) transfer.

Ecosystem accounting has become one of the key components in the revision of international statistical standards. Expansion of the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting for ecosystem services follows the rapid progress of science in this area as well as expanding applications to sustainability challenges. In this contribution, we discuss approaches to accounting of ecosystem assets as a natural capital basis that is critical for ecosystem service delivery. Based on examples from the Czech Republic, a Central European country, we illustrate the construction of ecosystem extent accounts based on the methodology of Land and Ecosystem Accounting. This analysis is complemented by monetary ecosystem asset accounting through quantification of the present value of future ecosystem service flows. Ecosystem condition is represented by the Mean Species Abundance indicator, which gauges the direction of ecosystem naturalness. Based on the demonstration of approaches to ecosystem asset accounting, we discuss selected aspects of ecosystem condition measurements, valuation, and policy implications of ecosystem asset accounting at the national level.

Ecosystem service valuations focusing on the assessment of ecosystem service values in space and time have recently been receiving considerable attention. Ecosystem service valuation data are critical for developing national ecosystem accounts and for assessment of costs and benefits associated with national strategies and plans. In this article, we discuss selected methodological aspects of ecosystem service valuation at the national level for the Czech Republic. We present a classification of ecosystems based on CORINE Land Cover and Consolidated Layer of Ecosystems of the Czech Republic. The focal point of our article is a systematic review of ecosystem service values. A systematic review requires a standardised protocol for incorporation of valuation studies. To illustrate the proposed methodology, we conducted a search of ecosystem service valuation studies at the European level. While there is a significant number of ecosystem service valuation studies, the number of studies which could be used for an effective value transfer is limited. We discuss the limitations of the value transfer approach and suggest further steps for improving the scientific basis for national level valuations.

Does the proximity of transit increase property values, and can one example apply to another? Using a spatial and temporal hedonic price framework, this study of light rail transit's impact on residential property values compares the station area property impacts of the Green and Blue Lines in Saint Paul and Minneapolis, Minnesota. The study also points to when "value transfer" (used here to describe the comparison and application of property value impacts near transit) is appropriate, and what practitioners should keep in mind to maximize the effectiveness of the exercise. In the case of value transfer for transit, the study finds that intimate local knowledge matters more than special modeling specifications to appropriately capture the impacted properties and transfer the return of investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present a novel model that explicitly formalizes the dual nature of unproductive labor and derives the optimal size of the unproductive sector. Two sets of results emerge regarding the relationship between the unproductive sector and the profitability and accumulation of capital. First, when the unproductive sector does not make any contribution to improving the efficiency of productive labor's value creation process, the unproductive sector will cease to exist. In this case, when the labor supply is flexible, profit continues to be produced although it is smaller than otherwise, as long as the exploitation rate is positive; in contrast, if the labor supply is fixed, the absence of the unproductive sector necessarily squeezes the exploitation rate to zero, consequently yielding zero profit. Second, when the labor supply is flexible, an economy can always rely on improving the efficiency of the unproductive sector to prevent economic stagnation and to enhance growth performance; however, when the labor supply is fixed, an economy can do so only when the wage rate is sufficiently high relative to the labor productivity conditions in the productive sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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• Value transfer for estimation of water quality benefit values to society • Transferring contingent valuation function using spatial microsimution approach • More accurate as control for differences in site quality and commodity consistency The empirical findings regarding the transfer validity of benefit transfer methods for environmental policy evaluation have been mixed. In this paper the value function from a contingent valuation exercise that estimates the value to the Irish general public of achieving good ecological status, as specified in the Water Framework Directive, are transferred to a spatial microsimulated population within individual water management units (WMUs) across Ireland. The welfare estimates from this novel value function based transfer approach are compared against the results from previous primary valuation studies in one of the WMUs and transfer errors are found to be low. The proposed spatial microsimulation value transfer approach controls for the heterogeneous distribution of populations across the WMUs and for the fact that the willingness to pay will vary according to an individual's geographic proximity to the water body within each catchment and with the current ecological status of the WMU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]