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This research aims to describe the validity of STEM-CT-based textbooks in improving multi-representation abilities in MTs students. This study used the Research and Development (R&D) method using the 4D model, which consists of four stages, i.e., Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate. However, this study only discussed preparing textbooks' Define, Design, and Develop stages. The research participants were teachers of the Science MGMP in Banyuwangi. The data collection techniques used in this research were interviews, questionnaires, and validation sheets. The analysis used in this research was descriptive and qualitative. The data processing results for STEM-CT-based textbooks to improve multi-representational abilities in MTs students obtained a validity value of 82.86 in the very valid or usable category. The validation results showed that the STEM-CT-based textbooks developed could be used for classroom learning to improve students' multi-representation abilities.

Dongping Wan,1,2,* Shihang Cao,1,2,* Xinrui Li,3,4,* Qiang Zan,2 Shuxin Yao,1 Jianbing Ma,1 Lei Shang,1,3 Chao Xu1,3 1Department of Knee Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China; 2The First Clinical Medical College, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Health Statistics, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, the Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China; 4School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Chao Xu; Lei Shang, Email 383697196@qq.com; fmmushanglei@163.comBackground: The High Activity Arthroplasty Score (HAAS) is a validated score that assesses functional outcomes after lower limb arthroplasty, with fewer ceiling effects than other scores. The aim is to translate and cross-culturally adapt the HAAS into a Chinese version (HAAS-C) and to evaluate the psychometric properties of HAAS-C in patients after primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA).Methods: A total of 104 patients diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis who had undergone TKA at least 12 months prior were recruited. A forward and backward translation procedure was performed for developing a culturally acceptable HAAS-C. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s α, and test-retest reliability was measured using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) within a 10-day interval. Construct validity was assessed by examining the correlations between HAAS-C and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), EuroQoL Group’s five-dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L), and Oxford knee score (OKS).Results: HAAS-C demonstrated adequate Internal consistency reliability, as indicated by Cronbach’s α coefficient of 0.75. Test-retest reliability yielded excellent results, with an ICC value of 0.98. Content validity indices were high, with a scale-level validity index of 0.9 and item-level validity indices greater than or equal to 0.8. HAAS-C showed a strong correlation with WOMAC (r = 0.69), a moderate correlation with EQ-5D-5L (r = 0.43), and OKS (r = 0.53) while exhibiting no floor or ceiling effects.Conclusion: The validated HAAS-C questionnaire is a valid instrument for assessing patients undergoing TKA in mainland China.Keywords: high activity arthroplasty score, total knee arthroplasty, Chinese validation, reliability, validity

Elsa Vitale,1 Yun-Chen Chang2,3 1Department of Mental Health, Local Health Authority of Bari, Bari, Italy; 2School of Nursing and Graduate Institute of Nursing, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; 3Nursing Department, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, TaiwanCorrespondence: Yun-Chen Chang, School of Nursing and Graduate Institute of Nursing, China Medical University, Beitun District, Taichung City, 406, Taiwan, Tel +886 983503901, Email lisacow@mail.cmu.edu.twBackground: Evidence suggests that an optimal workplace is a physical, chemical, biological, organizational, social, and cultural condition in which each element contributes to the employer’s condition.Purpose: To develop a nursing work environment questionnaire (NWE-Q).Patients and Methods: Convergent validity was measured using Pearson’s correlation test. Internal consistency for each dimension of the Nursing Work Environment questionnaire (NWE-q) was performed thanks to the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Construct validity and factor structure of the data were also assessed. Reliability was evaluated by measuring internal consistency. Interclass correlation coefficient and convergent validity were also assessed. Group validity was evaluated according to the sociodemographic characteristics collected using an independent t-test.Results: 376 nurses participated in this study. Both Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin measures of sampling adequacy were, and the Bartlett test of sphericity showed very strong evidence. Owing to oblique rotation, three main sub-dimensions were defined with good internal consistency for all items of the NWE-q (27 items), and each sub-dimension was registered. Very strong interclass correlations were assessed for the NWE-q total scores and for each sub-dimension, with the exception of the system dimensions, in which the interclass correlation showed a weak relationship. Strong positive evidence was found between the NWE-q for both the total and each sub-dimension correlated with the items of both the individual and organizational validated nursing performance questionnaires. Strong evidence was observed for both the organizational and system subdimensions according to shift and gender.Conclusion: The NWE-q was promptly completed in the online mode, and its scoring characteristics seemed to be more accessible and simpler to adopt.Keywords: environment, nurse, psychometric properties, reliability, validity

Saad Mohammed AlShareef Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 13317-4233, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Saad Mohammed AlShareef, Email drsaad321@hotmail.comPurpose: The European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) questionnaire has been widely used in epidemiological studies to quantify respiratory symptoms and screen for asthma, but there is no formally validated Arabic version. This study developed an Arabic ECRHS screening questionnaire, comprehensively evaluated its reliability and validity, and used it to estimate the population prevalence of respiratory symptoms and asthma in Saudi Arabia.Methods: The ECRHS screening questionnaire was adapted to Arabic through translation and back-translation by bilinguals with consultation to a professional committee and lay panel. Reliability and validity were evaluated in a prospective, cross-sectional convenience sample of adults (> 18 years) between January and July 2022 in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A subgroup completed the questionnaire again three weeks later to assess test–retest reliability. All respiratory symptom-positive participants were invited for spirometry to diagnose asthma according to GINA criteria. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s α coefficient, test–retest reliability with Cohen κ coefficients, and reliability by calculating the sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing asthma.Results: Of 2500 invited individuals, 1881 participated (75.2%). A total of 668 (35.5%) participants reported respiratory symptoms according to the ECRHS questionnaire, and 157/1881 (8.3%) had a current diagnosis of asthma on ECRHS questions. Cronbach’s α coefficient for internal consistency was 0.831, “good” internal consistency. The test–retest reliability (n = 303) was “excellent” for all questions (Cohen’s κ≥ 0.75). A total of 543 (81.3%) screening-positive participants underwent spirometry, of whom 278 (52%) were diagnosed with asthma according to GINA guidelines, an overall estimated prevalence of 14.8%. Most questions showed good-to-fair specificity and variable sensitivity for physician-diagnosed asthma.Conclusion: This Arabic version of the ECRHS screening questionnaire is conceptually similar to the English version, comprehensible, and reliable. Many asthma cases remain hidden and undiagnosed. In addition to utility in epidemiological studies, the ECRHS screening questionnaire might be a simple, quick, and useful tool for asthma case finding.Keywords: Arabic, asthma, European Community Respiratory Health Survey, reliability, validity

Abstract Background/Objectives Nurses in Lebanon are facing multiple crises and the severity of the situation calls for an empirical examination of their resilience status. Evidence indicates that resilience can buffer the negative effect of workplace stressors on nurses and is associated with favorable patient outcomes. The objective of this study was to test the psychometric properties of the Arabic Resilience Scale-14 that was utilized to measure resilience among Lebanese nurses, Methods Data was collected from nurses working in health care centers using a cross-sectional survey design. We estimated the confirmatory factor analysis using the Diagonally Weighted least Squares. Fit indices for the confirmatory factor analysis model included Model chi-square, root-mean squared error of approximation and Standardized Root Mean Square Residual. Statistical significance was set at p

Background: Cognitive Fusion (CF) limits behavior by perceiving thoughts as real events. It is a crucial process in the evaluation and intervention of contextual therapies. Its measurement is carried out through the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ), which, despite its psychometric analysis in several countries, the studies on its measurement invariance by gender are cases. This lack of information prevents a full understanding of this phenomenon and its comparison by genre. Objective: To evaluate the CFQ measure equivalence across gender, its validity of association with other variables, and its internal consistency using a sample of Ecuadorian university students. Method: Confirmatory factor analyses were designed with the restrictions corresponding to each level of measurement equivalence and the differences between the adjustment indices were evaluated. The validity of association with variables was computed by means of latent relationships and a factorial model was built to evaluate the equivalence of measurement by gender of these correlations. Finally, the total omega for each gender was calculated. Participants: 356 university students (59.1% women), between 18 and 58 years of age (mean= 25.52; sd= 7.51); 43.9% of these students studied in public institutions (43.9%), 27.5% studied in technical and/or technological institutions and 28.6% were enrolled in private institutions. Results: The CFQ shows factorial validity through a unidimensional structure. The equivalence of the measure across gender is strong. Additionally, the CFQ shows validity and coherence with regards to convergence and divergence, and the questionnaire items have high internal consistency. Conclusion: This study significantly expands the knowledge about the psychometric properties of the CFQ in the university population of Ecuador. Women show a greater tendency to CF in the comparison between genders. These findings are valuable for future research to better understand the influence of gender on this phenomenon.

Background/Objectives: Nurses in Lebanon are facing multiple crises and the severity of the situation calls for an empirical examination of their resilience status. Evidence indicates that resilience can buffer the negative effect of workplace stressors on nurses and is associated with favorable patient outcomes. The objective of this study was to test the psychometric properties of the Arabic Resilience Scale-14 that was utilized to measure resilience among Lebanese nurses, Methods: Data was collected from nurses working in health care centers using a cross-sectional survey design. We estimated the confirmatory factor analysis using the Diagonally Weighted least Squares. Fit indices for the confirmatory factor analysis model included Model chi-square, root-mean squared error of approximation and Standardized Root Mean Square Residual. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: 1,488 nurses were included in the analysis. The squared multiple correlations values ranged from 0.60 to 0.97 thus supporting the construct validity of the originally hypothesized five factor model (self-reliance, purpose, equanimity, perseverance, and authenticity). Conclusions: The Arabic version of the Resilience Scale 14 tool is considered a valid tool for measuring resilience in any situation involving Arabic speaking nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assessing the habits of mind among prospective teachers is an essential part of learning. Therefore, this research aims to develop the habits of mind instrument in the context of basic physics practicum. It was conducted using the research and development method which has three stages namely (1) planning the test, (2) implementing the test, and (3) determining the validity and reliability. The sample consisted of 105 biology teacher candidates taking basic physics courses. The habits of mind instrument developed was in the form of a questionnaire consisting of 52 items and is related to basic physics practicum. Furthermore, exploratory factor analysis and the Rasch model approach were used in developing the instrument. Based on expert judgment using Fleiss Kappa, the content validity was 0.700 and was classified in the good category. The developed instrument was considered reliable based on Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.970. The exploratory factor analysis reduced the dimensions of the instrument to 11 factors. The analysis of the Rasch model met the element of unidimensionality. There is no bias on the instrument based on gender and place of residence. However, efforts are needed to overcome the lack of creative thinking habits among prospective biology teachers.

Research instruments that can be accepted in a study must comply with standards that have been through data validation and reliability tests. The validation test can use the Pearson Product Moment formula and test using the t-test and see the interpretation of the correlation index with the total score. Reliability measurements can be used Cronbach's alpha value method. The purpose of this study was to test the validity and reliability of the questionnaire in researching the level of knowledge and attitudes of students towards the selection of health supplements in the face of Covid-19. This research was conducted with a qualitative analysis research design with an analysis unit of active female students at the Akademi Farmasi Yarsi Pontianak. Prospective data collection for active students at all levels/semesters by administering a questionnaire containing ten indicators of knowledge about Covid-19 and attitudes towards consuming health supplements. The questionnaire was valid and reliable with a correlation value (Pearson Correlation) for indicators of knowledge and attitudes r-value 0.5-0.8 than r table 0.3 and Cronbach's alpha value of knowledge 0.5 and attitudes 0.9. Based on the results of the discussion, it can be concluded that the questionnaire can be declared valid and reliable.

The College Student Subjective Well-being Questionnaire Revised version (CSSWQ-R) was developed to assess university students' domain-specific well-being related to their academic lives. Previous research suggested that the validity and reliability of this scale should be tested in another cultural context. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric features and structure of the CSSWQ-R in Indonesia. Five hundred eighty-six undergraduate students in Indonesia were recruited as participants with an accidental sampling technique. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to determine which of four alternative construct structure models suited best, whether the correlated factor, single factor, 2nd order, or bifactor model. The bifactor model was shown to be the best fit for explaining the structure of the CSSWQ-R Indonesian version, with the total score interpretation being the most meaningful. Further convergent and discriminant validity test was proven, and as expected, this scale related positively with academic resilience and academic achievement (GPA). This research contributes to stimulating research in an educational context concerned with higher education students' subjective well-being.

Background: Romantic jealousy is a complex construct composed of several dimensions. Given the multidimensional nature of romantic jealousy, it would be useful to have a measurement scale that would take into account its several components. The main issue of the present study is the multidimensional jealousy scale a suitable scale for measuring romantic jealousy in the Iranian sample? Aims: This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the multidimensional jealousy scale. Method: The present study, in terms of basic-applied purpose, is a questionnaire in terms of the type of survey data collection and in terms of methodology, is one of the experimental studies that has been done in the form of a correlational research. It had a population consisting of all university students studying at Shiraz University in the academic year of 2019-2020. The present study sample, based on Cochran's formula, consisted of 376 participants, and due to the possibility of invalid questionnaires, 428 students were selected by the snowball sampling method. The participants completed the Pfeiffer and Wong Multidimensional Jealousy Scale (1989). To substantiate the entire questionnaire reliability and the pertaining parameters, Cronbach’s alpha was computed. Results: The results of the multidimensional jealousy scale along with its three dimensions (cognitive, emotional and behavioral) have a good reliability (Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.83 - 0.94). As well as, for vitality and component of multidimensional jealousy scale. Conclusions: The Persian version of the multidimensional jealousy scale is a good tool for evaluating romantic jealousy in three dimensions (cognitive, emotional and behavioral) in Iranian population.

Wafaa M Farghaly,1 Hamdy N El Tallawy,1 Heba Mohamed,1 Sara H El Tallawy,2 Mohamed A Abdelhamed1 1Department of Neuropsychiatry, and Neuroepidemiology Lab, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt; 2Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Assiut University, Assiut, EgyptCorrespondence: Mohamed A AbdelhamedDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, and Neuroepidemiology research center, Faculty of medicine, Assiut University, 7th Floor, Assiut, 71926, EgyptTel +00201002629734Fax +20 88 2333327Email moh78_abdelhamed@aun.edu.egPurpose: Validated diagnostic scales for dementia in Arabic are still scarce. The aim of this study is to construct a standardized dementia scale for dementia diagnosis among the Arabic-speaking population.Patients and Methods: Construction of the Dementia Arabic Scale (DAS) was done, followed by evaluation of content validity. A pilot study was done to ascertain feasibility and language clarity used in the scale. Patients diagnosed to have major neurocognitive disorder according to DSM-V criteria and control group were subjected to DAS, mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI). Finally, standardization of the scale and estimation of cutoff point, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the newly constructed scale (DAS) were done.Results: There is significant correlation between DAS and both MMSE and CASI on Pearson’s correlation study. The internal consistency of the DAS scale was good, with Cronbach’s alpha correlation coefficient of 0.88. At cut-off ≤ 95 for literate, and ≤ 68 for illiterate, the sensitivity of the DAS scale was 100%, 87% for literate and illiterate, respectively, while specificity was 84%, 96% respectively, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of (AUC) 0.96.Conclusion: The DAS scale is an acceptable, reliable and valid scale for the diagnosis of dementia in Arabic-speaking countries.Keywords: dementia, cognitive screening test, standardization, validity

The purpose of this study is to determine the form of construction work contracts and the legal consequences of construction work contracts that are not in accordance with the provisions of statutory regulations in the field of construction services. The legal research method used is normative legal research, which is a study of the prevailing laws and regulations which are particularly related to construction service contracts. This type of research is legal obscurity. A construction work contract is a type of formal agreement in which Law Number 2 of 2017 concerning Construction Services and its implementing regulations determines the procedures and conditions before the contract is made, including the form and content of the construction work contract, by determining the standard at a minimum, the contents of a construction service work contract that must be included in the construction work agreement by the parties. Since the construction work contract is a contract with mandatory conditions, the construction work contract is a formal agreement. This is if the construction work contract is made without paying attention to the provisions of laws and regulations in the field of construction services, both regarding the qualification requirements of a construction service provider, the procedure for selecting a service provider and the form and content of the construction service contract that has been determined by the law. As a juridical consequence, if the formal conditions are not fulfilled in a contract concerned, it is not legally enforceable or in other words it is a null and void contract (nietig, null and void).

Based on the self-report coping scale (22 items) of Kochenderfer-Ladd and Skinner (2002), we have established and tested the validity and reliability of a Vietnamese version of the cyberbullying coping styles scale for students. The sample is 162 students from Hue University. Item discrimination analysis, item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and internal consistency reliability analysis were performed to assess the reliability and validity of the scale. The results show that the Vietnamese version of the cyberbullying coping styles scale had 21 items and 5 dimensions (problem solving, cognitive distance, looking for social support, externalization, and internalization). Analysis results showed that the Vietnamese version of the cyberbullying coping styles scale has good reliability and validity.

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of a Turkish version of the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and angina. Methods: The SAQ was translated from English to Turkish using the back-translation method. It contains 19 questions scored from 1 to either 5 or 6 in 5 domains (physical limitation, angina stability, angina frequency, disease perception, and treatment satisfaction). Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to evaluate internal consistency. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was calculated to assess the construct validity. Convergent validity was examined using correlations between the SAQ and the MacNew Heart Disease Health-related Quality of Life Questionnaire (MacNew) and the Nottingham Health Profile. Divergent validity was evaluated using correlations between the SAQ and age, body mass index (BMI), gender, and the marital status of patients. A value of p

Weihua Zhang,1,2,* Na Zhu,3,* Jianbo Lai,1,4 Jingjing Liu,1,5 Chee H Ng,6 Jun Chen,3 Chao Qian,1,7 Yanli Du,1 Chanchan Hu,1,4 Jingkai Chen,1,4 Jianbo Hu,1,4 Zhong Wang,1,4 Hetong Zhou,1,4 Yi Xu,1,4 Yiru Fang,3 Chuan Shi,8– 11 Shaohua Hu1,4 1Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Psychiatry, Taizhou Second People’s Hospital, Taizhou 317200, People’s Republic of China; 3Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, People’s Republic of China; 4The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, People’s Republic of China; 6The Melbourne Clinic Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia; 7Department of Psychiatry, The Seventh Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing 312000, People’s Republic of China; 8Department of Psychological Assesssment, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing 100191, People’s Republic of China; 9Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, People’s Republic of China; 10NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, People’s Republic of China; 11National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing 100191, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yiru FangShanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail yirufang@aliyun.comShaohua HuDepartment of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management of Zhejiang Province, 79 Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou 310003, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail dorhushaohua@zju.edu.cnPurpose: The THINC-integrated tool (THINC-it) as a brief screening tool can assesses cognitive impairment in patients with major depressive depression (MDD). Here, we aim to evaluate the reliability and validity of the THINC-it in a bipolar depression (BD-D) group in comparison with a healthy control (HC) group.Materials and Methods: Both groups were matched according to age, gender, years of education, and IQ. All participants completed the THINC-it test, including Spotter, Symbol Check, Codebreaker, Trails, and the Perceived Deficits Questionnaire for Depression-5-item (PDQ-5-D). The concurrent validity and internal consistency of the THINC-it test were analyzed, and 30 healthy controls were randomly sampled to retest THINC-it to verify the reliability of the THINC-it retest. The correlation between THINC-it and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17) and Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) was also analyzed.Results: Fifty-eight patients with BD-D and 61 HCs were included for final analysis. There were significant mean difference (MD) standard errors (SE) between two groups in PDQ-5-D, Spotter and Codebreaker (all P< 0.01), Trails (P=0.015). There was no significant difference in Symbol Check (MD (SE)=− 0.01 (0.18), P=0.938; 95% CI=− 0.38 to 0.35). The Cronbach’s α of PDQ-5-D was 0.640. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was between 0.440 and 0.757. The highest concurrent validity was PDQ-5-D (r=0.812, P< 0.001). PDQ-5-D was positively correlated with HAMD-17 and SDS score (P< 0.01). The objective test had no significant correlation with HAMD-17 and SDS scores (P> 0.05).Conclusion: This study found that THINC-it can accurately present the cognitive impairment of patients with BD-D. It can be potentially applied in assessing the cognitive function of patients with BD-D although Symbol Check may not accurately reflect the level of cognitive function. The concurrent validity and retest reliability are lower than expected, we need to further increase the sample size to study.Keywords: bipolar depression, BD-D, major depressive depression, MDD, THINC-it, cognitive function, reliability, validity

Abstract The present study aimed to know the validity and reliability of the Cyber Dating Abuse Questionnaire - CDAQ in the Brazilian context. For this purpose, two empirical studies were designed. Study 1 (N = 215) tested the psychometric parameters of CDAQ, using exploratory factorial analysis. Study 2 (N = 248) sought to gather additional evidences of validity and accuracy of CDAQ using confirmatory factor analysis. The results pointed to the two-factorial structure as the most relevant, with good internal consistency indexes observed. In addition, CDAQ demonstrated convergent validity through meaningful associations with face-to-face abuse in love relationships (CTS2) and overall satisfaction in relationships. Furthermore, it is concluded that CDAQ presents itself as a valid and reliable measure, useful for investigating digital abuse in love relationships in the Brazilian population.

Parents of children with developmental disorders are prone to experiencing parenting stress. This study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of the parenting stress construct. A total of 125 mothers of children with autistic spectrum disorder were involved in this study. The results showed that parenting stress consists of three domains: parent, child, and parent-child interaction. This was proven through a validity test using exploratory and confirmatory analysis. The exploratory analysis indicated that the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy was 0.716, meeting the requirement value of above 0.5. Additionally, Bartlett's test of sphericity was significant (p 0.5; and AVE values> 0.5); construct reliability values (CR = 0.846). Analysis of psychometric properties of parenting stress met the assumptions of good construct validity and reliability.

OBJECTIVE: Many checklists and scales have been developed to diagnose the autism spectrum disorder in childhood. However, self-applied questionnaires/scales that can be filled out by health professionals for assessing their knowledge and consciousness of this disorder are still limited. The Knowledge about Childhood Autism among Health Workers self-administered survey was developed by Bakare et al. in 2008. This survey was recruited by many study groups in developing countries. In these countries, knowledge regarding childhood autism is inadequate within community healthcare professionals. METHODS: In our study, the agreed-upon Turkish version of the questionnaire was distributed to the 61 primary care physicians working in Maltepe District of Istanbul Province for the adaptation and validation. RESULTS: The internal consistency coefficient (Kuder-Richarson coefficient of reliability-KR20) of the measurements attained from the Turkish version of the questionnaire was 0.70. The split- half reliability analysis demonstrated that the Guttman Split-half value was 0.84. According to the principal factor analysis of the tetrachoric correlation matrix, the three factors with the highest Eigenvalues were associated with (i) Relatively easy clinical observations, (ii) the signs which require a longer observation time and detailed anamnesis, and (iii) the signs, which require detailed examination and observation. The factors explained cumulatively 65.98% of the total variance. CONCLUSION: The findings obtained in this study showed that the adapted questionnaire addressed in the scope of this study is a valid measure for Turkish society.

Yi Cao,1 Wei Chen,2 Shaoru Zhang,1,3 Hualin Jiang,3 Haini Liu,1 Zhongqiu Hua,1 Dan Ren,1 Jing Ren1 1Department of Nursing, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an City, People’s Republic of China; 2Nursing Department, Xi’an Chest Hospital, Xi’an City, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an City, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Shaoru ZhangHealth Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No 76 Yanta West Road, Yanta, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 29 8265 7015Fax +86 29 8265 7017Email tgshru011@126.comPurpose: No instrument exists for measuring TB patients’ self-efficacy which is vital for choosing and insisting in benefit TB-management behaviors. Our study aimed to develop and test a new tuberculosis self-efficacy scale (TBSES).Patients and methods: The TBSES was designed through literature review, individual interviews, Delphi surveys, and pilot testing. After that, 460 TB patients were recruited to validate TBSES. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and correlation analysis were used to evaluate the scale reliability and validity. The cut-off point for TBSES was identified using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.Results: The final TBSES includes 21 items scored on a 5-point Likert scale, and these items are loaded in four distinct factors that explain 67.322% of the variance, both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis proved that the scale had good construct validity. The scale had adequate internal consistency, split-half reliability, test-retest reliability, as well as demonstrated content, concurrent validity. The ROC analysis results showed the cut-off point was 86.5.Conclusion: This 21-item TBSES demonstrated favorable psychometric properties. It provides an instrument for not only measuring specific self-efficacy in TB, but also identifying patients with low self-efficacy and determining the specific area toward designing interventions for enhance self-efficacy.Keywords: tuberculosis, self-efficacy, scale development, reliability, validity

Objective: Out-of-pocket healthcare expenditure (OOPHE) has a significant impact on marginalised households. The purpose of this study was to modify a pre-existing OOPHE survey for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander households with children. Methods: The OOPHE survey was derived through a scoping review, face and content validity, including judgement quantification with content experts. Exploratory factor analyses determined factor numbers for construct validity. Repeatability through test–retest processes and reliability was assessed through internal consistency. Results: The OOPHE survey had 168 items and was piloted on 67 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander parents. Construct validity assessment generated a 62-item correlation matrix with a three-factor model. Across these factors, item loadings varied, 10 items with high correlations (>0.70) and 20 with low correlations (<0.40). OOPHE survey retest was conducted with 47 families, where 43 items reached slight to fair levels of agreement. Conclusion: The low level of item loadings to factors in the OOPHE survey indicates interconnectedness across the three-factor model, and reliability results suggest systemic differences. Impeding factors may include cohort homogeneity and survey length. It is unknown how cultural and social nuances specific to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander households impacts on results. Further work is warranted. What is known about the topic?: Out-of-pocket healthcare expenditure (OOPHE) are expenses not covered by universal taxpayer-funded health insurance. In elderly Australians or those with chronic conditions, OOPHE can cause substantial burden and financial hardship and, in the most extreme cases, induce bankruptcy. Despite higher hospital admissions and disease burden, little is known about how OOPHE impacts Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander families. Additionally, in Australia, no OOPHE survey tools have been appropriately assessed; this includes for use with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander families. What does this paper add?: This pilot study modified a pre-existing Australian OOPHE survey for use with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander households with children. Knowledge interface methodology was used to bring together Indigenous knowledges with quantitative survey methods. This was critical to ensuring Indigenous knowledges were central to the overall pilot study across item creation, participant focus, outcome contextualisation, interpretation, and resetting dominant norms. Outcomes have demonstrated pertinent points for future work in this area, such as the complexities in developing robust, culturally safe and specific surveys, which reach ideal psychometric levels of validity and reliability for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. Certainly, it raises questions for current and future research using surveys in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities, which are generic and not purpose-built. What are the implications for practitioners?: We recommend that OOPHE surveys should be developed with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander families from the outset, so they can include important contextual factors for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander households. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Nursing is one type of jobs that is at risk of experiencing fatigue because its workload is quite high. Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS) and Japanese Industrial Fatigue Research Committee (JIFRC) fatigue questionnaire are two instruments that are often used to measure work fatigue in various types of work because the ease of use. This study aims to test and compare the validity and reliability of the Indonesian version of FAS and JIFRC among nurses in one governmental hospital in East Kalimantan Indonesia. The study was conducted on 170 nurses in one of the Class A Referral Government Hospitals in East Kalimantan. Determination of the study sample using stratification simple random sampling method, the FAS questionnaire obtained from Zuraida & Chie, the JIFRC questionnaire was taken from Tarwaka, the Validity and Reliability test using Pearson Product Moment and Cronbach’s alpha. The JIFRC in Indonesian version has a satisfactory psychometric property with adequate validity and reliability to assess work fatigue in nursing profession. The best Cronbach alpha (0.921) will be obtained if item number 3 and 16 are corrected for the editorial/sentence arrangement

Background: The current study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Adverse Childhood Experiences – International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) with individuals engaging in non-suicidal self-injury. Numerous studies have supported the association of adverse childhood experiences with non-suicidal self-injury. However, the majority of the measures used were limited to basic forms of abuse and neglect, indicating a need for the use of a more inclusive measure, such as the ACE-IQ. The psychometric properties of the measure though have only been briefly investigated with other populations, suggesting that a more thorough examination might be beneficial before its use. Method: Two hundred eighty-four adult participants (77.5% females) with a mean age of 23.4 (SD=5.7) were recruited online via specific self-harm groups on social media platforms. Participants were asked to complete an online survey consisting of three self-report measures regarding early childhood experiences and engagement in non-suicidal self-injury. Results: The findings of this study supported ACE-IQ’s reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.854), convergent validity (r= 0.85, p0.001 with the CTQ-SF), predictive validity (R2 = 0.12, p=0.001 of the SHI total score) and discriminant validity (F-value = 13.90, p0.001). An exploration of the factor structure demonstrated a 5-factor solution (physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, exposure to violence, family environment). Conclusions: It was concluded that ACE-IQ is a reliable and valid measure to be used for research or clinical purposes with individuals engaging in non-suicidal self-injury, although further research is needed on its factor structure. Research and clinical implications are discussed.

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Massachusetts General Hospital Cognitive and Physical Functioning Questionnaire (CPFQ) in patients with fibromyalgia (FM) syndrome by translating and culturally adapting the CPFQ to Turkish., Patients and Methods: One hundred seventeen patients (8 males, 109 females; mean age: 47.4±12.4 years; range, 18 to 77 years) diagnosed with FM according to the 2016 American College of Rheumatology FM diagnostic criteria between May 2021 and August 2021 were included in the reliability and validity study. The CPFQ was translated into Turkish, the intelligibility of the obtained Turkish version was evaluated by five patients and five healthcare professionals, and the final form of the questionnaire was prepared. Mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), which were proven to be reliable and valid in Turkish, were administered to the patients. For test-retest reliability, the Turkish version of the CPFQ was filled in two times with an interval of one week. Internal consistency was evaluated by calculating Cronbach's alpha. Validity was evaluated by looking at the correlations between the total score obtained from the Turkish version of CPFQ and the MMSE score, HADS depression and anxiety scores, and FIQ score., Results: In the evaluation of internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha was found to be high in all subgroups. In test-retest reliability, intraclass correlation coefficient was high in CPFQ subgroups. The CPFQ showed a significant positive correlation with HADS depression and a moderately positive correlation with HADS anxiety and FIQ. A significant but weak negative correlation was detected between CPFQ and MMSE. While there was no significant correlation between MMSE and FM disease activity and HADS anxiety, there was a significant but weak negative correlation between HADS depression., Conclusion: In this study, the Turkish version of CPFQ was shown to have high reliability and validity in FM patients. It was concluded that CPFQ could be applied to Turkish patients with FM., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: The authors declared no conflicts of interest with respect to the authorship and/or publication of this article., (Copyright © 2024, Turkish League Against Rheumatism.)

The COMFORT Behavior Scale (CBS) is an instrument that has been validated in several languages to assess the levels of sedation in children. This project was implemented to identify the validity and reliability of CBS. The design used was an analytic descriptive cross-sectional approach. Fifty-one children aged 1 month to 18 years who received analgesic and/or sedation therapy were purposively selected and assessed for their sedation levels using CBS and the Nurse Interpretation of Sedation Score (NISS). The data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test to measure the concurrent validity; each item was analyzed using Pearson correlation; inter-rater reliability was measured by the Kappa coefficient; and the internal consistency was measured by Cronbach’s α. The results showed there was no significant correlation between the levels of sedation assessed using CBS and NISS (P= 0.118; α= 0.05). Six items in the CBS instrument were found to be valid (r= 0.348–0.813). The Cronbach’s α for CBS was 0.873. Thus, the Indonesian version of CBS is valid and reliable in assessing sedation levels in children.

Rahmat Sediq,1 Jurjen van der Schans,1 Aafje Dotinga,2 Rolinde A Alingh,2 Bob Wilffert,1,3 Jens HJ Bos,1 Catharina CM Schuiling-Veninga,1 Eelko Hak1,4 1Department of Pharmaco-Therapy, Epidemiology & Economics, University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Groningen, the Netherlands; 2Lifelines Cohort Study, Lifelines Databeheer B.V., Groningen, the Netherlands; 3Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; 4Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands Background: While self-reported data are commonly used as a source of medication use for pharmaco-epidemiological studies, such information is prone to forms of bias. Several previous studies showed that various factors like age, type of drug and data collection method may influence accuracy. We aimed to assess the concordance of the self-reported medication use that was documented at entry to the Lifelines Cohort Study, a three-generation follow-up study in the Netherlands that started in 2006 and included over 167,000 participants. Materials and methods: As part of the PharmLines Initiative, we collected medication data from the Lifelines participants encoded according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) coding scheme and linked the data via Statistics Netherlands to the widely used and representative pharmacy prescription database of the University of Groningen, IADB.nl. Analyses were conducted at second level of ATC coding for all recorded medications as well as a top list of most used medications at drug-specific fifth level. Cohen’s kappa statistics were used to measure the concordance for all participants according to sex and age. Results: The level of concordance between the two data sources largely differed according to the therapeutic class. Medication used for the cardiovascular system and diabetes, thyroid therapy, bisphosphonates and anti-thrombotic drugs showed a very good agreement (κ>0.75). Medication as needed or prone to stigmatization bias showed a moderate agreement (κ=0.41–0.60), whereas medications used for short periods of time showed a fair agreement (κ=0.0–0.4). Concordance was similar for males and females, but younger adults tended to have lower concordance rates than older adults. Conclusion: The self-reported method was valid for capturing prevalent chronic medication use at one moment in time, but invalid for medication used for short periods of time. There is no effect of sex on the agreement, and more studies are needed on the influence of age. Future pharmaco-epidemiological studies should preferably combine the two data sources to achieve the highest accuracy of drug exposure rates. Keywords: self-reported data, prescription data, pharmacy records, agreement, questionnaire, medication, interview, validity

Nahid Rejeh,1 Majideh Heravi-Karimooi,1 Mojtaba Vaismoradi,2 Pauline Griffiths,3 Maryam Nikkhah,4 Tahereh Bahrami4 1Elderly Care Research Centre, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran; 2Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Bodø, Norway; 3College of Human and Health Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK; 4Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran Background: Attitudes to the aging process are affected by the individual’s sociocultural background. The measurement of this important concept among older people in various societies requires the use of tools that are able to demonstrate both reliability and validity.Objective: The objectives of this study were to translate and validate the Attitudes to Aging Questionnaire (AAQ) and investigate its psychometric features among Iranian older people.Methods: In this methodological study, the Farsi version of the AAQ was validated among 400 Iranian older adults who were members of citizen clubs in an urban area of Iran. Content, face and construct (exploratory factor analysis) validities of the AAQ were assessed. In addition, its reliability was assessed in terms of internal consistency and stability. For discriminant validity, the discriminant power of the AAQ in terms of gender and education levels was evaluated. Criterion validity showed a significant correlation between the most subscales of the AAQ and the Short Form 36 (SF-36) and World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis.Results: The exploratory factor analysis confirmed the construct validity of the AAQ. The result of the test–retest reliability with a 2-week interval was satisfactory and reported as r=0.90 (p

Rheumatic diseases cause deformities in the hands and affect daily living activities. Therefore, assessment of hand disabilities is important in rheumatic disease. The aim of this study was to test the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the A Score For Assessment and Quantification of Chronic Rheumatic Affections of the Hands (SACRAH). A translation and back-translation of the SACRAH were performed, according to the Beaton guidelines. Patients who were between 18-65 years old, who were literate in Turkish, who had rheumatic disease diagnosis and whose hands were affected, were included in the study. Patients who were using a splint during daytime were excluded from the study. They completed the Turkish version of Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire (DASH-T) once and the final version of the SACRAH Questionnaire twice with a 7 days’ interval. The internal consistency (Cronbach’s α) and reliability (test-retest reliability) of the questionnaire were assessed. Besides, correlations between SACRAH and DASH-T scores were analyzed using the Spearman correlation coefficient. One hundred and twenty patients participated in the study. The Turkish version of the SACRAH met set criteria of reliability and validity. Internal consistency was excellent (Cronbach’s α=0.88) and test-retest reliability were very good (r=0.73). SACRAH showed a positive and statistically significant correlation with DASH-T scores (r=0.83, p

Abstract Background: Mental health is an important aspect of health and the World Health Organization defines health as "full physical, mental and social welfare, and not merely the absence of disease". Given that 79 percent of the health education focused on physical aspects, in fact, the most focus is on biological parameters of people to measure their health. So we need a valid questionnaire to measure mentally and physically the health of people in the research community. Materials and Methods: The Holistic Wellness Model reflects that the researches is done on health which is different in variant cultures perspectives.102 managers and officials of Islamic Azad University of Arak participated in this studyin 2014 and the validity and reliability of the questionnaire were analyzed using the software SPSS20. Results: 102 people were enrolled in this study, 74 males (72.5%) and the rest were female. Cronbach' Alpha coefficient for the entire questionnaire was 0.93.In all six aspects which reviewed, the correlation between all questions and its perspective was measured by using Spearman test. There was a significant positive correlation among all the questions and the related aspects. Conclusion: The Persian version of physical and mental health questionnaire, based on the Holistic Wellness Model, is suitable to assess the health of people. Also, validity and reliability is appropriate.

JM Grosbois,1,2 C Riquier,3 B Chehere,4 J Coquart,5 H Béhal,6 F Bart,2 B Wallaert,2,3 C Chenivesse3 1FormAction Santé, Pérenchies, France; 2Department of Respiratory Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Germon et Gauthier, Béthune, France; 3Department of Respiratory Medicine Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Competence Center for rare lung diseases, University Lille 2, Lille, France; 4EA 7369, URePSSS, Multidisciplinary Research Unit in Sport Health Society, University Lille 2, Lille, France; 5Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sports and Physical Activity, Center for Ecology and Transformation, University of Rouen, Mont Saint Aignan, France; 6Department of Statistical Methods and Biostatistics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, University of Lille Nord, Lille, France Introduction: Exercise tolerance testing is an integral part of the pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The 6-minute stepper test (6MST) is a new, well-tolerated, reproducible exercise test, which can be performed without any spatial constraints.Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the results of the 6MST to those obtained during a 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in a cohort of COPD patients.Methods: Ninety-one COPD patients managed by outpatient PR and assessed by 6MST, 6MWT, and CPET were retrospectively included in this study. Correlations between the number of steps on the 6MST, the distance covered on the 6MWT, oxygen consumption, and power at the ventilatory threshold and at maximum effort during CPET were analyzed before starting PR, and the improvement on the 6MST and 6MWT was compared after PR.Results: The number of steps on the 6MST was significantly correlated with the distance covered on the 6MWT (r=0.56; P

The study analyses the effects of the preliminary rulings rendered by the Court of Justice for the judicial body that made the reference and for other bodies dealing with similar cases, for the member states, for the European Union’ s institutions and for EU legal order. Starting from the binding effect of the preliminary judgment for national judicial bodies, which requires them to follow the ruling or make a new reference, to the lack of precedent doctrine in EU law, continuing with the possibility to indirectly verify the compatibility of national law of the member states with EU law and ending with the administrative or legislative measures that can or must be taken by the member states, the study intends to highlight the limits, nuances and consequences of the binding effect. It mentions the contribution of the national courts and of the Court of Justice of the European Union to the development of EU law, such as clarifying autonomous notions and it emphasizes the preliminary procedure's attributes of being a form of judicial protection of individual rights, as well as a means to review the legality of acts of EU institutions. The paper is meant to be a useful instrument for practitioners. Therefor, it also deals with the possibility and limits of asking new questions, in order to obtain reconsideration or a refinement of the legal issue and with the problem of judicial control over the interpretation and application of the preliminary ruling by the lower court.

Introduction: The Mini-Clinical Evaluation Exercise (Mini-CEX ) is widely used to assess clinical performance because of its practicality. Although initial studies have supported its reliability and validity, the utility of Mini-CEX is under serious debate due to inconsistencies in rater judgments. This study aimed to review the relevant literature on the utility of Mini-CEX in order to find out the influencing factors on Mini-CEX scores. Methods: In this narrative review study,the MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, SID & Magiran were searched to retrieve the relevant articles published from 1995 to 2014, using the key words such as Mini-CEX , ‘utility’, ‘validity’, ‘reliability’,‘score variability’. Subsequently, nineteen relevant studies out of 51 articles were selected to be reviewed. Results: Factors influencing Mini-CEX scores were related to the raters, rating forms and clinical exposures, in order of importance. Variability in raters’ stringency and leniency and high intercorrelation between items were the most influencing factors affecting test scores. The results of the studies regarding factors such as rater trainingon Mini-CEX scores were not conclusive. Conclusion: Considering the inconsistencies in Mini-CEX exam scores and uncertainty about the influencing circumstances on scoring, it is recommended that Mini-CEX scores should not be used for summative assessment purposes, especially in order to rank the performance of the students.

This study demonstrates the paradigmatic position of obser-view and argues for the incorporation of reflectivity in obser-view to foster rigorous data generation. Aimed at introducing obser-view to the construction industry as a method of generating data, this study critically examines obser-view, exploring its application to construction research. Obser-view is an emerging data collection technique developed by Kragelund in 2006, where a non-scripted interview immediately post-observation is conducted. This helps to gain a deeper understanding of the phenomenon. Although researchers adopt various strategies to ensure rigor in qualitative research, there are still concerns in relation to validity, reliability, bias and objectivity in qualitative research. However, developing strategies that will help in gaining a deeper understanding of the phenomenon in study and tackling the aforementioned challenges will help in ensuring transparency in qualitative research. A review of literature is presented, the limitations and benefits of obser-view are also presented.

Objectives: The study aimed to culturally adapt the full version of the Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS) into Turkish and evaluate its reliability and validity., Patients and Methods: Patients with hip osteoarthritis were included in the methodological crosscultural adaptation study between May 2022 and December 2022. We translated and adapted the HOOS into a Turkish version and validated it in a cohort of native Turkish-speaking patients with hip osteoarthritis. The HOOS includes five subscales named symptoms, pain, activities of daily living (ADL), sport and recreation (Sport/Rec), and quality of life (QoL). The psychometric properties of the Turkish HOOS were assessed. The reliability was investigated using test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient; ICC) and internal consistency methods (Cronbach's alpha). The convergent validity of the Turkish HOOS was evaluated by testing the predefined hypotheses using the correlations with the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and the European Quality of Life Scale (EQ-5D-3L), a generic QoL scale., Results: A total of 202 patients (131 females, 71 males; mean age: 55.2±9.7 years; range, 50 to 70 years) were recruited for the study. Cronbach's alpha values for each subscale of the HOOS were as follows: symptoms=0.76, pain=0.94, ADL=0.96, Sport/Rec=0.87, QoL=0.78, and total score=0.98, indicating it has high internal consistency. For all subscales and total score of the HOOS, the ICC values were between 0.77 and 0.86, indicating good to excellent test-retest reliability. All correlations between each subscale and total score of the Turkish HOOS, WOMAC, and EQ-5D-3L were moderate to strong. Therefore, 23 predefined hypotheses out of 24 were confirmed with a confirmation rate of 96%, indicating the Turkish version of the HOOS had adequate convergent validity., Conclusion: This study shows that the Turkish version of the HOOS has a convergent and knowngroup validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability. It can be used to assess the patient's perception of their hip and associated difficulties, as well as their symptoms and functional limitations., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: The authors declared no conflicts of interest with respect to the authorship and/or publication of this article., (Copyright © 2024, Turkish League Against Rheumatism.)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Leisure Boredom Scale (Iso-Ahola amp; Weissinger, 1990) for adults in Turkey. The second purpose was to investigate the differences based on demographic variables (gender, marital status, working sector) regarding leisure boredom. In total 312 employees from public and private sectors (167 female, 145 male) residing in Ankara participated in this study. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were conducted to test the structural validity of the scale. EFA demonstrated that this scale yielded two subscales in the Turkish version. The first factor was named "boredom" and the second factor was named "satisfaction" by the participating researchers after reviewing the related literature and examining the factor structure of the scale. The scale consists of 10 items; the item factor loadings for the overall scale range between 0.38 and 0.83; and the Cronbach Alpha coefficient for the subscales was determined 0.72 for boredom and 0.77 for satisfaction in the final form of the scale. According to t-test results regarding the demographic variables, there was statistically significant difference in gender only in the ‚satisfaction‛ subscale, and between women and men participants, with men participants having higher mean scores (p lt;.01). There was no significant difference in terms of marital status in total LBS and the subscales. Concerning the working sectors of the participants, the analysis showed significant differences in total LBS and the ‚boredom‛ subscale between public and private sector’s participants, with public sector’s participants having higher mean scores than the latter (p lt;.01). In conclusion, the results of the research demonstrated that the Turkish adaptation of ‚The Leisure Boredom Scale‛ can be used as a valid and reliable measurement tool to examine and evaluate the leisure boredom levels of Turkish adults. Another conclusion of the study worth noting is that there were significant differences between the different components of gender and working sector variables in terms of leisure boredom levels

The executive functions involve a wide range of processes related to the regulation of thinking, behaviour and the emotional state. Given the variety of components that fall under the umbrella of this construct, it is not surprising that its evaluation often involves some difficulties. In this sense, although numerous studies have shown the relevance of these components as determining factors in the academic achievement and social adaptation of children and young people, as well as demonstrating their usefulness in the diagnosis and intervention of several clinical problems that are typical of these stages, aspects such as the criticized ecological validity of the traditionally used assessment measures impose certain limitations on the validity and generalizability of the information obtained by means of these tools. The present paper analyses the characteristics of the most widely used assessment measures of executive functions and their applicability in clinical and educational settings. A series of practical implications arises from this analysis.

Some of indices which are provided for measurement of life quality in general population are not applicable for all groups such as children and individuals with cognition disorders. In order to cope with this limita-tion, after some researches, personal welfare (life quality) index (PWI) was developed in Australia. Subsequently, its similar version was de-signed for student population of 12-year to 18 year old and its psycho-metric features was evaluated. So, the purpose of this study is examina-tion of the mentioned scale psychometric features among Iranian student population. Statistical population was all of high school students in Boj-nourd. A sample of 563 students was selected by cluster sampling. In this study, Personal Welfare Index Student Copy (PWI-SC), General health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) were used. Also, Pearson correlation, confirmative heuris-tic factor analysis, regression and t-test for independent groups were ap-plied. Findings showed that PWI-SC based on Cronbach Alpha (0.81), two-item scale Cronbach Alpha (0.69 and 0.62), and correlation coeffi-cient related to its retest (0.87) have appropriate reliability. Also, relia-bility of scale was evaluated by correlation to other questionnaires: GHQ and GAD-7. Factor analysis of the scale in Iranian student sample indi-cates its saturation by one factor. Generally, personal welfare index stu-dent copy (PWI-SC) has appropriate psychometric features considering the methodology limitations of this study.

Objectives: This study aimed to translate the Scleroderma Skin Patient-Reported Outcome (SSPRO) questionnaire to the Turkish (SSPRO-T) language and to assess its validity and reliability., Patients and Methods: Fifty-four systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients (51 females, 3 males; mean age: 49.8±10.4 years; range, 22 to 65 years) participated in the reliability and validity analysis between October 2022 and December 2022. The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the SSPRO-T was applied in accordance with the procedure described by the Beaton guidelines. The SSPRO-T, the Scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnaire (SHAQ), the Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI), Skindex-29, and patient global skin severity were conducted in all participants for construct validity. The SSPRO-T was retested to assess its reliability after seven days., Results: The SSPRO-T had a four-factor structure. The total SSPRO-T score and its subgroups correlated positively with SHAQ, HAQ-DI, Skindex-29, and patient global skin severity. The internal consistency and reliability were excellent in overall SSPRO-T and in the subgroups: physical effect, emotional effect, physical limitation, and social effect (Cronbach's α=0.94, 0.80, 0.95, 0.93, and 0.84, respectively). The SSPRO-T had excellent test-retest reliability (r=0.91, p<0.001). In addition, no floor effect or ceiling effect was observed., Conclusion: The SSPRO-T questionnaire is a reliable and valid tool and can be used in research and clinical practice in Turkish patients with SSc., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: The authors declared no conflicts of interest with respect to the authorship and/or publication of this article., (Copyright © 2024, Turkish League Against Rheumatism.)

The purpose of this study is determination of factor structure and psychometric features "negative self-picture scale" (NSPS). So, after preparation of mentioned scale and implementation of basic steps as well as omission of possible problems, NSPS was done on 574 Shahed University bachelor students, selected by cluster sampling and factor structure of this tool was surveyed by heuristic confirmatory factor analysis. Results of these analyses represents NSPS 4-factor structure which respectively include: "concerns on appearance of physical defects", " concerns on of social competency defects(1)", " concerns on of social competency defects(2)" concerns on defects and disabilities related to anxiety symptoms control". In order to study NSPS validity and its factors, internal consistency coefficients and retesting coefficients were calculated. Results represent NSPS acceptable validity and its factors. Validity study of NSPS structure and its factors with 6 scales ( SIAS SPS, LSAS-SR,SPIN ,DASS-21, BDI-II) shows that Pearson correlation coefficients between NSPS and other scales is meaningful and only its correlations with LSAS-SR is at least and non-meaningful which will be explained. Generally, this study provides evidences for accuracy of factor structure NSPS acceptable validity.

ResumenEste estudio analizó las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Percepción de Promoción del Bienestar para Entrenadores (EPPBE), compuesta por 6 dimensiones: Autocontrol, castigo, apoyo social, apoyo a la autonomía, apoyo a la competencia y apoyo a la afiliación. Se administró la escala a 506 entrenadores y se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio. La validez nomológica se analizó a través de las relaciones de las variables con la satisfacción de necesidades básicas y la motivación autodeterminada. El modelo mostró un ajuste adecuado a los datos. El castigo percibido no correlacionó con el resto de variables de la escala, que sí mostraron correlaciones positivas entre ellas, hasta el punto de que el apoyo a la competencia y autonomía fueron escasamente diferenciadas, mostrando una correlación muy alta. Se verificaron relaciones positivas de todas las variables, excepto el castigo, con la satisfacción de necesidades y la motivación autodeterminada, siendo negativa solo en el caso del castigo. El castigo solo se relacionó negativamente con la motivación autodeterminada. Estas relaciones apoyaron los postulados de la Teoría de la Autodeterminación y los estudios realizados en atletas. Como conclusión, la escala EPPBE mostró propiedades psicométricas y validez adecuadas para utilizarla como instrumento de medida.AbstractThis study analysed the psychometric properties of the Perception of Well-being Promotion for Coaches’ Scale (EPPBE), which was composed by 6 dimensions: Self-control, punishment, social support, autonomy support, competence support, and relatedness support. The scale was administered to a sample of 506 coaches and a Confirmatory Factorial Analysis was performed. Nomologic validity was analysed by the relationships with psychological need satisfaction and self-determined motivation. The model showed an adequate adjustment to the data. Punishment did not correlate with the other variables, which where positively related between them, competence and autonomy support showing a very high correlation. All dimensions with the exception of perceived punishment were positively related with need satisfaction and self-determined motivation. Punishment only was negatively related with self-determined motivation. Reported relationships supported postulates of Self-determination Theory and studies performed with athletes. As conclusion, the scale EPPBE showed good psychometric properties and adequate validity to be used as measurement tool.

• Background: Quality of life is significantly reduced in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). As there was no specific instrument for assessment of quality of life of Iranian IBD patients, we aimed to linguistically validate the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire-Short Form (IBDQ-9) in Iranian IBD patients. • Methods: The IBDQ-9 was translated into Persian and culturally adapted following the standard forward-backward translation method. A sample of 100 IBD patients (50 Ulcerative Colitis and 50 Crohn’s Disease) completed the IBDQ-9, Short-Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36), Simplified Crohn’s Disease Activity Index (SCDAI), Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index (SCCAI), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. To analyze the construct and discriminant validities, the IBDQ-9 and its subscales were correlated to SF-36 total and subscale scores and disease activity indices and HADS score, respectively. • Finding: The Cronbachs’ alpha coefficient of the IBDQ-9 was 0.76. There was significant correlations of the IBDQ-9 score with SF-36 total (r = 0.524, P < 0.001) and subscale scores (r = 0.476 to 0.541, P < 0.001). Also there was significant correlations of the IBDQ-9 score with SCDAI (r = -0.424, p = 0.025), SCCAI (r = -0.530, P < 0.001), and depression (r = -0.417, P < 0.001) and anxiety (r = -0.362, P < 0.001) scores. • Conclusion: The Persian version of the IBDQ-9 appears to be an appropriate instrument to assess quality of life of Iranian IBD patients. Further validation studies are warranted to investigate the reliability and validity of the IBDQ-9 after more editionslly.

In this paper, we describe how the Harthill Leadership Development Profile(LDP), a language-based instrument has evolved from Jane Loevinger’s WashingtonUniversity Sentence Completion Test (WUSCT), and has been redesigned to assess andoffer feedback about adults’ action logics in work or educational settings, in the contextof Developmental Action Inquiry (DAI) theory, practice, and method (Torbert, 1972,1976, 1987, 1991; Torbert & Associates, 2004).Next, we challenge a recent critique of the LDP as a soft measure unsupported bypublished, quantitative psychometric reliability and validity studies (Stein & Heikkinen,2009) and present both previously unpublished and previously published-but-notaggregatedstudies illustrating Harthill LDP as a well-calibrated measure of adult egodevelopment.Because the DAI approach to social inquiry and social practice invites us all tointerweave first-, second-, and third-person inquiry and everyday action, the validitystudies reported tend to concern field-based experiments seeking to generatedevelopmentally transforming change in adults, including the researchers and/orinterventionists, as well as in the organizations in which they participate.In our conclusion, we briefly consider what a social science and a social practice basedon the developmentally late action-logics will look like, once social science is recognizedas embracing, not just 3rd-person empirical positivist research “on” subjects, but also 1st-,2nd-, and 3rd-person research and action with co-participants in live settings.

Measuring resilience to stress (or stress resistance) validly and reliably is an important theoretical and practical problem. Process-oriented stress theories assume that primary and secondary appraisals play an important role in determining the level of resilience. In the present study, a model of resilience based on the analysis of the interplay between primary and secondary appraisal processes is developed. Resilience is high if benign primary appraisals of taxing situations are accompanied by secondary appraisals of coping resources as being sufficient for controlling stressors. In an implementation of the model, the quality of primary appraisals is assessed through the assessment of anxiety, anger and depression, which characterize the most typical cognitive-emotional reactions to demanding situations. The assessment of secondary appraisals is restricted to the analysis of psychophysiological (functional) resources, which are involved in all forms of coping activities. The implementation of the model gives rise to a measure of resilience, which is shown to successfully predict the outcome of the stress process in a sample of Russian police officers.

O Objetivo do presente estudo foi verifi car a validade, sensibilidade (SE), especificidade (ES), valor preditivo positivo (VPP) e valor preditivo negativo (VPN), do PAR-Q em idosos. Avaliaram-se 104 idosos, 98 mulheres e 6 homens, com 61 a 89 anos de idade (73±6 anos [média±dp]) e diferentes níveis de escolaridade. Os sujeitos responderam ao PAR-Q e passaram por avaliação clínica. A análise das respostas foi realizada por meio do teste qui-quadrado (p ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to investigate the validity - sensitivity (SE), specifi city (SP), positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of the PAR-Q in older adults. The sample cosisted of 104 subjects were evaluated, 98 women and 6 men (73 ± 6 years-old [mean±sd]), with a large rank of formal education. The responses were compared to physicians’ examinations by a chi-square test (p

The purpose of this study is the construction and validation of an Italian Short Form version of the Student-Teacher Relationship Scale (Pianta 2001; STRS-SF) in the Italian educational setting for 1256 Students and 210 teachers. The STRS-SF is a self-report measure assessing teacher perceptions of the quality of their relationship with students from grade 3 to grade 8. The items were selected from the original Italian adaptation of the regular STRS through Rasch analysis, which allowed us to identify a subset of items with proven psychometric properties. The STRS-SF consists of two subscales: Conflict (8 items) and Closeness (6 items). Results indicate that the 14-item short form can be used as a viable substitute for the regular STRS.