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Objective: To evaluate the effect of homogeneous spinal-shortening axial decompression procedure (HSAD) on bladder function in patients with spina bifida tethered syndrome. Methods and materials: Patients with tethered spinal cord syndrome were collected prospectively, and all patients were treated with lumbar HSAD. Patients' urodynamic evaluation mainly included detrusor function, sphincter function, sphincter coordination (Ig TLR, ratio of tension and loose of urethral sphincter), and bladder compliance. Meanwhile, all patients were followed up with ICI-Q-SF, SF-12, and Rantala scores. Results: Twenty-four patients were included, with the average age of 27 ± 16 years. At the final follow-up, patients' detrusor function, sphincter function, sphincter coordination, and bladder compliance, were all improved dramatically (all P < 0.01). The preoperative SF-12 score, ICQ, and Rantala score were [52.16 ± 5.64, 14.11 ± 5.25, 7.84 ± 4.87], whereas the postoperative mean was [33.53 ± 3.53, 9.05 ± 4.89, 15 ± 3.77] (P < 0.01, respectively). According to objective evaluation, 16.7% of them recovered to normal. According to the subjective evaluation, 25% of the patients returned to normal. Only one patient (4.2%) deteriorated. Limitations include none-randomized controlled design and limited patient samples. Conclusions: The HSAD can significantly restore the bladder function in patients with long-term urinary incontinence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Urological dysfunction in patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA) is one of the main manifestations of autonomic failure. Urodynamic examination is clinically relevant since underlying pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (LUT) dysfunction can be variable. Objective: Evaluation of the pathophysiology of urological symptoms and exploration of differences in urodynamic patterns of LUT dysfunction between MSA‐P and MSA‐C. Methods: Retrospective study of patients with possible and probable MSA who were referred for urodynamic studies between 2004 and 2019. Demographic data, medical history, physical examination and urodynamic studies assessing storage and voiding dysfunction were obtained. Results: Seventy‐four patients were included in this study (MSA‐P 64.9% n = 48; median age 62.5 (IQR 56.8–70) years). Detrusor overactivity during filling phase was noted in 58.1% (n = 43) of the patients. In the voiding phase, detrusor sphincter dyssynergia and detrusor underactivity were observed in 24.6% (n = 17) and in 62.1% (n = 41) of the patients, respectively. A postmicturition residual volume of over 100 ml was present in 71.4% (n = 50) of the patients. Comparison of MSA subtypes showed weaker detrusor contractility in MSA‐P compared to MSA‐C [pdetQmax 26.2 vs. 34.4 cmH20, P = 0.04]. In 56.2% (n = 41) of patients pathophysiology of LUT dysfunction was deemed to be neurogenic and consistent with the diagnosis of MSA. In 35.6% (n = 26) urodynamic pattern suggested other urological co‐morbidities. Conclusion: Urodynamic evaluation is an important tool to analyze the pattern of LUT dysfunction in MSA. Impaired detrusor contractility was seen more in MSA‐P which needs to be investigated in further studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose of Review: In this review, current literature on management of neurogenic bladder in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) is summarized. Topics include a review of MS, a brief overview of general treatment options, the effects of MS may manifest on lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), and clinical assessment of these patients. The utility of urodynamic evaluation in this patient population and the use of antibiotic prophylaxis in patients with MS on immunomodulatory medications are reviewed. Recent Findings: Unlike neurogenic bladder in spinal cord patients, lower urinary tract dysfunction in MS patients rarely leads to upper urinary tract deterioration. Currently there is no consensus on imaging as a screening tool to assess renal deterioration in this patient population. Internationally, there are differing opinions on the necessity of performing invasive urodynamic (UDS) investigation in MS patients during initial assessment. However, UDS evaluation can be useful in the guidance of treatment options and patient counseling and prior to more invasive interventions. Summary: Depending on the severity of MS, lower urinary tract symptoms are common and can evolve with progression of the disease. Although individual guidelines exist for management of patients with MS and select aspects of neurogenic LUTS, an optimal guideline for initial evaluation and surveillance is not available. The evaluation of patients with MS reporting LUTS should be uniquely tailored and take into consideration individual symptoms, disease course, comorbidities, and medications. Additionally, MS patients on immunomodulation medications that undergo UDS should be considered for prophylactic antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The acontractile bladder (AcB) is a urodynamic‐based diagnosis wherein the bladder is unable to demonstrate any contraction during a pressure flow study. Although it is often grouped with underactive bladder, it is a unique phenomenon and should be investigated independently. The purpose of the present review was to examine the current literature on AcB regarding its pathology, diagnosis, current management guidelines, and future developments. We performed a review of the PubMed database, classifying the evidence for AcB pathology, diagnosis, treatment, and potential future treatments. Over the 67 years covered in our review period, 42 studies were identified that met our criteria. Studies were largely poor quality and mainly consisted of retrospective review or animal models. The underlying pathology of AcB is variable with both neurological and myogenic aetiologies. Treatment is largely tailored for renal preservation and reduction of infection. Although future developments may allow more functional restorative treatments, current treatments mainly focus on bladder drainage. AcB is a unique and understudied bladder phenomenon. Treatment is largely based on symptoms and presentation. While cellular therapy and neuromodulation may hold promise, further research is needed into the underlying neuro‐urological pathophysiology of this disease so that we may better develop future treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Nabiximols improves the subjective perception of urinary disturbances. • Nabiximols improves urodynamic parameters, particularly in hyperactive bladder. • The effect of nabiximols on urinary disturbances is independent from spasticity. • Nabiximols may be useful to treat urinary disturbances in the absence of spasticity. Spasticity and urinary disturbances can profoundly impact the daily lives of persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). Cannabis has been associated with improvement in sphincteric disturbances. To our knowledge, few studies have evaluated the effect of nabiximols oromucosal spray (Sativex®) on urinary disturbances by instrumental methods. This longitudinal study was conducted to assess the effect of nabiximols oromucosal spray on urinary disturbances by clinical and urodynamic evaluation in pwMS. Neurological, spasticity, and quality of life (QoL) assessments were performed before (T0), and at one (T1) and six (T6) months after the start of nabiximols treatment. At these same time points, patients were assessed for urinary disturbances by the International Prostatic Symptoms Score (IPSS) and a urodynamic test evaluating maximum detrusor pressure (P det), bladder filling capacity (CC max), uninhibited detrusor contractions (UDC), bladder volume at first desire (BVFD), post-void residual volume (PVR) and voluntary abdominal pressure (PA). Of 31 pwMS enrolled in the study, 25 reached T1 and 18 reached T6. Mean IPSS total score, its subscores, and IPSS QoL decreased significantly from T0 to T6 (p = 0.000), with no differences according to sex, age, MS type, disease duration and disability at baseline. P det improved significantly from T0 to T6 (p = 0.0171), and CC max changed only marginally (p = 0.0494); results were similar in patient subgroups naïve to or previously exposed to urological treatment. All patients with overactive bladder showed improvement in their urodynamic assessment based on significant reduction of P det (p = 0.0138). In patients with mainly hypotonic bladder, mean P det decreased from T0 to T6 without reaching statistical significance; most urodynamic parameters showed a trend to improve. Mean numerical scale scores for MS spasticity, and for spasms, pain and tremors, decreased significantly from T0 to T6. The mean 'physical health composite' score of the MS Quality of Life-54 questionnaire increased significantly from T0 to T6 (p = 0.0126). Our data suggest that nabiximols has an appreciable effect on ameliorating subjective perception of urinary disturbances and appears to have a positive effect on objective urodynamic parameters, particularly in patients with hyperactive bladder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose of review: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a significant problem with many options for surgical correction. Following prolapse surgery, de novo lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are not uncommon. We review the current literature on de novo lower urinary tract symptoms following POP repair and discuss the role of urodynamics in the evaluation of the prolapse patient. Recent findings: Patients with occult stress urinary incontinence (SUI) appear to be at higher risk of developing de novo SUI after POP repair. Prolapse reduction in patients undergoing urodynamic evaluation is important. Different types of POP repair influence rates of de novo SUI. Also, prophylactic anti-incontinence procedures at time of POP repair appear to lower the incidence of de novo SUI, but at the cost of increased risk of complications and morbidity. Pre-existing overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms may either improve or persist, and de novo OAB can develop. The specific role of urodynamic study testing for POP is still being determined. Summary: Increasingly, women are seeking surgical treatment for POP. Aside from complications related to surgery in general, proper patient counseling is important regarding the risk of development of de novo voiding problems following surgery. Despite a growing body of literature looking at de novo voiding symptoms after prolapse repair, more studies are still needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Posterior urethral valves are the commonest cause of lower urinary tract outflow obstruction in male infants with an estimated incidence of 1:5000 male infants and 1:25,000 live births. Despite treatment with fulguration of the obstructing valves, bladder function is abnormal in up to 70% of older children and adolescents. Bladder dysfunction causes morbidity e.g. urinary incontinence and has been implicated in the late deterioration of renal function in this population. A poor understanding and inappropriate management of bladder dysfunction can result in unnecessary morbidity, which can handicap a child for life. Any method that measures function or dysfunction of the lower urinary tract constitutes a urodynamics investigation. Broadly, the investigations can be classified into simple or noninvasive urodynamics and invasive urodynamics. The objective of urodynamics assessments in children is to reproduce the patient′s complaints or symptoms. Video urodynamics can provide additional information that may contribute to a further understanding of the problem under investigation. Urodynamics provides a useful tool to test the efficacy of treatment as well as determine any refinements necessary to improve the outcome of such treatment.

Objetivo: analisar os resultados cirúrgicos após slings com mucosa vaginal, realizados pelo setor de Uroginecologia e Cirurgia Vaginal da UNIFESP/EPM, no tratamento de mulheres incontinentes com hipermobilidade do colo vesical, que apresentam alto risco de falha cirúrgica para outras técnicas ou naquelas com defeito esfincteriano intrínseco e, ainda, recidivas cirúrgicas. Métodos: foram avaliadas 21 pacientes submetidas à cirurgia para correção de incontinência urinária pela técnica de sling vaginal, no período de dezembro de 1997 a fevereiro de 1999, com seguimento pós-operatório que variou de 1 a 14 meses (média de 8,2). A média de idade das pacientes foi de 56 anos (39 a 77 anos), sendo que 15 (71,4%) encontravam-se na menopausa e 6 (28,6%) no menacme. Todas as pacientes foram avaliadas antes da cirurgia por meio de anamnese, exame clínico, estudo ultra-sonográfico e urodinâmico, sendo o grau de perda urinária acentuado em 66,7% e moderado em 33,3% das pacientes. Todas as pacientes apresentavam hipermobilidade da junção uretrovesical (superior a 10 mm) e 12 pacientes apresentavam cirurgia prévia para correção de incontinência urinária. Ao estudo urodinâmico, as pacientes apresentavam perda urinária com pressão máxima de fechamento uretral (PMFU) variando de 20 a 124 cmH2O (média de 55,2) e "Valsalva leak point pressure" (VLPP) variando de 18 a 128 cmH2O (média de 60,3). As indicações das cirurgias foram: defeito esfincteriano (11 pacientes - 52,4%), obesidade (5 pacientes - 23,8%), defeito esfincteriano e obesidade (2 pacientes - 9,5%), recidiva cirúrgica (2 pacientes - 9,5%) e defeito esfincteriano e prolapso uterino de 1º grau (1 paciente - 4,8%). Resultados: como complicações, 6 pacientes (28,6%) apresentaram retenção urinária temporária no pós-operatório, 1 (4,8%) infecção do trato urinário, 1 (4,8%) presença de fio de polipropileno na vagina, 1 (4,8%) infecção da ferida cirúrgica, 4 pacientes (19%) evoluíram com urgência/incontinência, 1 (4,8%) com urgência miccional e 1 (4,8%) com dificuldade para urinar (elevado resíduo pós-miccional). O grau de satisfação das pacientes foi satisfatório, com 15 pacientes (71,4%) referindo cura, 3 (14,3%) melhora, 2 (9,5%) quadro de perda urinária inalterado e 1 (4,8%) piora da perda urinária. Conclusões: a cirurgia de sling com mucosa vaginal é eficaz para o tratamento de casos específicos de incontinência urinária de esforço, destacando-se defeito esfincteriano, recidivas cirúrgicas e fatores predisponentes para falha de outras técnicas.Purpose: to analyze the surgical results after slings with vaginal wall, performed by the Urogynecology and Vaginal Surgery Sector of UNIFESP/EPM, for the treatment of incontinent women with hypermobility of the bladder neck, who show great risk of surgery failure with other techniques or in those with intrinsic sphincteric deficiency (ISD) and, also, surgery recurrence. Methods: we studied 21 patients submitted to surgery in order to correct urinary incontinence by the vaginal wall sling technique, in the period from December 1997 to February 1999, with postoperative follow-up which varied between 1 and 14 months (average 8.2). The mean age of patients was 56 years (39 to 77 years), 15 (71.4%) were in menopause and 6 (28.6%) in menacme. All patients were evaluated before the surgery through medical interview, physical examination, ultrasound and urodynamic study, the grade of urinary loss being high in 66.7% and moderate in 33.3% of the patients. All patients showed hypermobility of the bladder neck (more than 10 mm) and 12 patients had previous surgery to correct the urinary incontinence. Regarding the urodinamic study, the patients manifested urinary loss with maximum pressure of urethral closure (MPUC) varying from 20 to 124 cmH2O (average 55.2) and Valsalva leak point pressure (VLPP) varying from 18 to 128 cmH2O (average 60.3). The indications of surgery were: ISD (11 patients -- 52.4%), obesity (5 patients -- 23.8%), ISD and obesity (2 patients -- 9.5%), surgery recurrence (2 patients -- 9.5) and ISD and first grade womb prolapse (1 patient -- 4.8%). Results: as complications, 6 patients (28.6%) showed temporary urinary retention after surgery, 1 patient (4.8%) infection in the urinary tract, 1 patient (4.8%) presence of polypropylene suture in the vagina, 1 patient (4.8%) infection of the surgery wound, 4 patients (19%) developed urgency/incontinence, 1 (4.8%) urgency and 1 (4.8%) difficulty in urinating (high postvoiding residue). The grade of the patients' satisfaction was satisfactory, with 15 patients (71.4%) referring cure, 3 patients (14.3%) improvement, in 2 patients (9.5%) the urinary loss remained unchanged and in 1 patient (4.8%) the urinary loss got worse. Conclusions: the vaginal wall sling surgery is efficient for the treatment of specific cases of stress urinary incontinence, emphasizing intrinsic urethral sphincteric incompetence, surgery recurrence and predisposing factors to failure of other techniques.

Aims To understand the function development of bladder and its evaluation in neonates and infants less than 2 years old. Methods Literature on neonatal and infant bladder function development and urodynamic evaluation were collected and reviewed. Results Normal range of bladder volume, pressure during voiding and other parameters in neonates and infants less than 2 years old is far from set up, making interpretation of UDS findings difficult. This review provides insight into the bladder development process and problems of the lower urinary tract in this age group with special emphasis on the urodynamic evaluation. Conclusions Further animal and human studies will increase our understanding of bladder development leading toward mature function. UDS are still important in providing information for early bladder dysfunction in newborns and infants. Neurourol. Urodynam. 34:554-560, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate in a prospective study the impact of the “three-drug therapy” (antimuscarinic, alpha-blocker and tricyclic antidepressants) on the treatment of refractory detrusor overactivity (DO). Data from 27 consented patients with refractory DO were available for study. They were asked to complete a daily urinary chart and underwent urodynamic evaluation (UD) before and 60 days after treatment. Response to treatment was considered the presence of one or less involuntary detrusor contractions (IDC) on post-treatment UD. Statistical analysis was performed with Fisher and Mann–Whitney tests, besides Spearman’s correlation. P values <0.05 were considered significant. The mean follow-up was 15 months. The comparison of the daily urinary chart before and after treatment showed significant increase on bladder capacity and decreases on urgency, urge-incontinence and frequency. Objective data from UD showed that the mean maximum bladder capacity (MBC) ranged from 200 to 300 mL ( P < 0.001) with treatment. The same trend was observed with the other UD variables. When compared to baseline, the questionnaire OAB-v8 showed significant improvement ( P < 0.01). Main side effects comprised dry mouth and constipation (40%), with average scores of 5.16 and 3.08, respectively (visual scale from 0 to 10). Triple therapy may be an effective, easily employed and well-tolerated option to refractory DO treatment. More studies are necessary to achieve more consistent data on the matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The prevalence of bladder outlet obstruction in men has been overestimated leading to improper clinical results after transurethral resection of the prostate. Patients and Methods: 3,830 consecutive male cases submitted for urodynamic evaluation were prospectively analyzed using a Schaefer nomogram. The prevalence of detrusor overactivity and the occurrence of obstruction were prospectively studied using standardized urodynamic practice. Results: Infravesical obstruction was diagnosed in 44.8% of the studied population: 0.7% of the obstructed cases were obstructed at the sphincter zone and 7.9% showed obstruction as a high-pressure, high-flow-rate pattern. Detrusor overactivity was demonstrated in 73.9% of the obstructed cases and in 22% of the unobstructed. Older patients (>60 years) seemed more likely (odds ratio: 2.8) to present detrusor overactivity, but at the same time showed less frequent obstruction. The oldest subjects (>80 years) showed a lower prevalence of obstruction, although overactive bladder was a common finding. Conclusion: Infravesical obstruction is less frequent than previously stated. The common assumption that obstruction is the cause of lower urinary tract symptoms in older men is wrong. Older men are more likely to suffer from detrusor overactivity resulting from lower urinary tract symptoms rather than infravesical obstruction. Urodynamic studies seem to be crucial for a proper diagnosis in men considered candidates for surgical treatment. Copyright © 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Purpose: To study the value and efficacy of botulinum toxin for treatment of cases of non-neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NNDO) that are refractory to anticholinergic drugs. Materials and methods: A systematic review of the literature, based on a keyword search of the Medline database. Selection of articles in French and English (meta-analyses, reviews, case studies and randomized, controlled clinical trials) on intradetrusor botulinum toxin injection in the management of refractory NNDO. Results: Nineteen publications (including three randomized, controlled trials) were selected. Intradetrusor injection of botulinum toxin in patients with refractory NNDO has produced promising results, with a significant improvement in physical symptoms, urodynamic parameters and quality of life. The rare side effects consist primarily of dose-dependent urine retention. Conclusion: On the basis of preliminary data, botulinum toxin appears to be a valuable therapeutic option and fills the gap between anticholinergics and surgery in the treatment of NNDO that is refractory to anticholinergic agents. Botulinum toxin has a promising future in urology but requires further scientific evaluation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Introduction: Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are common in men over 50 years of age due to prostate enlargement. Diabetes mellitus is also more prevalent in this group. LUTS may result from bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) secondary to prostate enlargement or bladder dysfunction secondary to diabetes or even from a combination of both. Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of BOO and other urodynamic abnormalities in diabetic patients with LUTS and enlarged prostate. A secondary objective was to assess the predictive value of non-invasive tests for BOO diagnosis in this group of patients. Patients and Methods: 50 consecutive diabetic patients with enlarged prostate and LUTS were evaluated by the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), ultrasonography and urodynamics. BOO diagnosis was based on pressure/flow measurements according to the International Continence Society’s standards. Results: Of the 50 patients in the study, 23 (46%) had BOO. There was no correlation between the IPSS, uroflowmetry, post-voiding residual urine or prostate volume and the presence of BOO (p > 0.05). Conclusions: There is a relatively low prevalence of BOO in diabetic patients with prostate enlargement and LUTS. Non-invasive tests did not allow the identification of these subjects. Only urodynamic evaluation is able to determine symptom etiology. Copyright © 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective: To describe the urologic late complications and urodynamics outcome adopting teniamyotomies technique to create a low-pressure reservoir using the cecum, ascending colon and proximal part of the transverse colon without detubularization (Rome pouch). Methods: Twenty-eight consecutive patients affected by gynecological cancer and submitted urinary diversion with “Rome pouch” technique were included. After 3 and 12 months from the surgical procedure patients were submitted to urodynamic evaluation of the neobladders. Excretory urography was performed in all patient. Abdominal X-ray, serum electrolytes, creatinine and cultures of the reservoir are obtained during every visit. Long-term urologic complications were recorded. Patient quality of life was assessed using a 10 cm grade visual analog scale (VAS). Results: Urodynamics performed 12 months postoperatively showed that the mean maximum reservoir capacity was 439.9±58.9 cm H2O. The mean reservoir pressure at maximum capacity was 19.2±8.4 cm H2O (no contractive wave during the filling in any patient). The mean maximum closure pressure in the efferent tube, at maximum capacity, was 88.8±32.3 cm H2O. Continence was excellent for 26 (93%) and 23 (92%) patients at 3 and 12 months respectively. A total of 9 (32%) and 6 (24%) patients suffered late complications at 3 and 12 months follow-up respectively. However only one patient with pouch leakage underwent surgical pouch revision. Conclusion: Our experience demonstrated that Rome pouch creation with multiple teniamyotomies has good capacity with low internal pressure and good continence with a low rate of late urologic complications. Thus, comparing results to those of other continent pouch models, the Rome pouch technique represents a valid alternative. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Posterior urethral valves are the commonest cause of lower urinary tract outflow obstruction in male infants with an estimated incidence of 1:5000 male infants and 1:25,000 live births. Despite treatment with fulguration of the obstructing valves, bladder function is abnormal in up to 70% of older children and adolescents. Bladder dysfunction causes morbidity e.g. urinary incontinence and has been implicated in the late deterioration of renal function in this population. A poor understanding and inappropriate management of bladder dysfunction can result in unnecessary morbidity, which can handicap a child for life. Any method that measures function or dysfunction of the lower urinary tract constitutes a urodynamics investigation. Broadly, the investigations can be classified into simple or noninvasive urodynamics and invasive urodynamics. The objective of urodynamics assessments in children is to reproduce the patient's complaints or symptoms. Video urodynamics can provide additional information that may contribute to a further understanding of the problem under investigation. Urodynamics provides a useful tool to test the efficacy of treatment as well as determine any refinements necessary to improve the outcome of such treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. To evaluate the association of various clinical and urodynamic variables with history of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in women. Methods. A prospective study of 2,081 women referred to a urogynecologic clinic between June 2000 and November 2005 for investigation of lower urinary tract symptoms. Results. 144 women reported history of UTI(s) within the last year from the visit to the clinic, and 91 had recurrent episodes (≥3 per year). The multivariable analysis showed that urge incontinence (odds ratio (OR) = 2.23, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.46-3.42), suprapubic pain (OR = 4.12, 95% CI: 2.21-7.67), and low maximum flow rate during voiding cystometry (OR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.94-0.98) were associated with UTIs. Conclusions. Our results suggest that urodynamic testing does not help in identifying specific urogynecologic mechanisms that could improve medical and/or surgical management or prevent recurrent UTI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the basis of data obtained in previous experimental investigations, the application of a new physical entity, 'strain' (σ), was evaluated in bladder dynamics. In this preliminary study 12 cases of urodynamically evaluated subjects are reported; the significance of the traditional P(V) curves is critically compared with the new σ(V) curve, proposed by the authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A double-blind crossover study of the alphablocker Nicergoline was carried out in sixteen patients affected by benign prostatic bladder outflow obstruction. The 'irritative' symptoms of prostatic hypertrophy, including nocturnal frequency and dysuria, were improved after Nicergoline significantly more than after placebo. In 10 further patients with prostatic hypertrophy, peak and mean flow rates increased by 50% and 77% respectively after the acute administration of Nicergoline. No side effects were detected. In conclusion Nicergoline seems to be active and well tolerated in the treatment of benign prostatic obstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an attempt to simplify urodynamic evaluation, the data obtained from cystometry, urethral profile and flowmetry were analysed using the ICS recommendations for standardization and terminology. All studies were compiled from check lists feasible for computation. The aim was to establish standards and 'typical' changes for the normal bladder and pathological states to enable automatic readout of computed data. The results did, in fact, show 'typical' changes but failed to establish standard measurements suitable for completely computed diagnoses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinical and urodynamic effects of a new modification of the Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz procedure for correction of urinary stress incontinence were studied 3-6 years after surgery. A clinical follow-up was made in 239 patients, and 39 had a urodynamic assessment. The subjective cure rate for incontinence was 69% while in another 20% there was improvement. Symptoms caused by the prolapse were relieved in 83%. The incidence of late complications was below 1%. Urodynamic measurements indicated a cure rate of 66%. Pressure transmission to the urethra was significantly improved. At follow-up, the functional length of the urethra and urethral closure pressure values were significantly higher than before operation. The incidence of urge (incontinence) and voiding difficulties was unchanged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors prospectively evaluated 24 consecutive female patients with type III stress urinary incontinence, ranging in age from 36 to 70 years (mean 55 years). All patients were operated upon and had a vesicourethral suspension by a Gore-Tex suburethral sling. All were evaluated urodynamically 6 and 30 months after surgery. In this group of patients clinical cure of incontinence was observed in 83.3% (20) and in the remaining 4 patients it was significantly improved. In 2 patients there was an erosion of the urethra and the sling had to be removed 3.5 years later. Five other women remained dry but complained of occasional irritative symptoms, and several urinary tract infections were recorded (2–3 per year), which were documented by positive urine cultures. In the remaining 17 patients no erosion was observed and no irritative symptoms were reported. The urodynamic evaluation revealed an excellent postoperative result both 6 months and 30 months after surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urodynamic testing is a widely used modality for evaluation of lower urinary tract symptoms with minimal morbidity to the patient. We report a case of strangulated urethral prolapse in a 74-year-old female that occurred right after urodynamic evaluation. The urethral prolapse was managed conservatively and the patient fully recovered without the need for surgical intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]