331 results on '"urban modelling"'
Search Results
2. Travel-Time in a Grid: Modelling Movement Dynamics in the 'Minute City'
- Author
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Pezzica, Camilla, Altafini, Diego, Mara, Federico, Chioni, Chiara, di Prisco, Marco, Series Editor, Chen, Sheng-Hong, Series Editor, Vayas, Ioannis, Series Editor, Kumar Shukla, Sanjay, Series Editor, Sharma, Anuj, Series Editor, Kumar, Nagesh, Series Editor, Wang, Chien Ming, Series Editor, Cui, Zhen-Dong, Series Editor, Marucci, Alessandro, editor, Zullo, Francesco, editor, Fiorini, Lorena, editor, and Saganeiti, Lucia, editor
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. City Information Modelling and Sustainable Development: The Role of CIM in Achieving Sustainable Urbanization
- Author
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Soltanifard, Hadi, Farhadi, Reza, Mansourian, Hossein, Cheshmehzangi, Ali, Editor-in-Chief, Batty, Michael, editor, Allam, Zaheer, editor, and Jones, David S., editor
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Simulating Energy Renovation Towards Climate Neutrality. Digital Workflows and Tools for Life Cycle Assessment of Collective Housing in Portugal and Sweden
- Author
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Campamà Pizarro, Rafael, Krężlik, Adrian, Bernardo, Ricardo, Chaari, Fakher, Series Editor, Gherardini, Francesco, Series Editor, Ivanov, Vitalii, Series Editor, Haddar, Mohamed, Series Editor, Cavas-Martínez, Francisco, Editorial Board Member, di Mare, Francesca, Editorial Board Member, Kwon, Young W., Editorial Board Member, Trojanowska, Justyna, Editorial Board Member, Xu, Jinyang, Editorial Board Member, Barberio, Maurizio, editor, Colella, Micaela, editor, Figliola, Angelo, editor, and Battisti, Alessandra, editor
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Cellular automata modelling to simulate patterns of urban growth for Nusantara: Indonesia’s new capital
- Author
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Arfiansyah, Dody, Hawken, Scott, Zlatanova, Sisi, and Han, Hoon
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Urban models: Progress and perspective
- Author
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Jing Wang, Gengze Li, Huapu Lu, and Zhouhao Wu
- Subjects
Urban modelling ,Evolution of urban modelling ,Information and communication technologies ,Classification ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 ,Technology - Abstract
Urban modelling is an important branch of land use science. It integrates geography, surveying and mapping, information science, system science, economics, sociology and other disciplines to establish urban models, which have been used to provide support for urban policymaking or analyses. Urban models are used to understand, analyse, evaluate and reproduce the process of urban development, and predict the consequence of urban planning scenarios. In this paper, we provide a systematic review of urban models, including the evaluation, classification, application of urban models, and the timeline of urban models’ development. According to their modelling styles and applications, urban models can be classified into three categories: aggregate static models of economic and spatial interaction, urban dynamics models, and behavioural models of individual agents which linked to spatial location. According to the different modelling methods, urban models can be classified into two categories: top-down and bottom-up. Nowadays, emerging technologies, especially Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), are gradually but significantly changing the organization form of urban economic activities. It enables regions to break the location limitation and join in the national even global industry division, and that triggers a new bottom-up rural urbanization process, which formed a significant challenge for urban models. Based on above discussion, we proposed two perspectives for improvements of urban models, inculding the integration of ICT with tradtional urban models and integaration of top-down and bottom-up models.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Modelling Crime Dynamics and Risky Places: A Basic Combination of Crime Theories and Space Syntax to Evaluate Spatial Crime Impedance
- Author
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Mara, Federico, Cutini, Valerio, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Gervasi, Osvaldo, editor, Murgante, Beniamino, editor, Rocha, Ana Maria A. C., editor, Garau, Chiara, editor, Scorza, Francesco, editor, Karaca, Yeliz, editor, and Torre, Carmelo M., editor
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. A Subjective Geographer’s Experience of Pandemic and Confidence in Systems of Cities
- Author
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Pumain, Denise, Nijkamp, Peter, Series Editor, Kourtit, Karima, Series Editor, Haynes, Kingsley E., Series Editor, and Celbiş, Mehmet Güney, editor
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Modelling urban expansion with cellular automata supported by urban growth intensity over time
- Author
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Jinqu Zhang, Donglin Wu, A-Xing Zhu, and Yunqiang Zhu
- Subjects
Cellular automata ,piecewise regression ,urban modelling ,spatial growth intensity ,Mathematical geography. Cartography ,GA1-1776 - Abstract
ABSTRACTThe simulation of urban expansion has become an important means to assist urban development planning and ecological sustainable development. However, the spatial and temporal heterogeneities of urban expansion has been a major challenge for modelling urban expansion. This study designed three features from the perspective of spatiotemporal heterogeneity to improve the accuracy of CA model. The new features cover the trends effects of long time-series data on urban expansion, urban spatial growth intensity based on urban growth kernel estimation and allocation probability of the newly generated urban cells from global neighbourhood effects. Finally, urban expansion in Huizhou, China, was simulated and predicted. The experimental results show that the new features can effectively reduce the prediction error for the total amount of urban growth with a deviation of about 2%, and the overall accuracy of urban expansion is as high as 0.93. The features designed in this paper are shown to be effective and can be applied to urban simulations and scenario prediction with various models.
- Published
- 2023
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10. Modelling urban expansion with cellular automata supported by urban growth intensity over time.
- Author
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Zhang, Jinqu, Wu, Donglin, Zhu, A-Xing, and Zhu, Yunqiang
- Subjects
- *
CELLULAR automata , *URBAN planning , *SUSTAINABLE development , *PREDICTION models - Abstract
The simulation of urban expansion has become an important means to assist urban development planning and ecological sustainable development. However, the spatial and temporal heterogeneities of urban expansion has been a major challenge for modelling urban expansion. This study designed three features from the perspective of spatiotemporal heterogeneity to improve the accuracy of CA model. The new features cover the trends effects of long time-series data on urban expansion, urban spatial growth intensity based on urban growth kernel estimation and allocation probability of the newly generated urban cells from global neighbourhood effects. Finally, urban expansion in Huizhou, China, was simulated and predicted. The experimental results show that the new features can effectively reduce the prediction error for the total amount of urban growth with a deviation of about 2%, and the overall accuracy of urban expansion is as high as 0.93. The features designed in this paper are shown to be effective and can be applied to urban simulations and scenario prediction with various models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Monitoring the spatial distribution pattern according to urban land use and health risk assessment on potential toxic metal contamination via street dust in Ankara, Türkiye.
- Author
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Isinkaralar, Oznur, Isinkaralar, Kaan, and Bayraktar, Emine Pirinç
- Subjects
HEAVY metals ,HEALTH risk assessment ,URBAN land use ,DUST ,HEAVY metal toxicology ,COPPER ,CITIES & towns - Abstract
The urbanization processes with growing vehicle numbers cause heavy metal pollution in street dust, and high populations in metropolitan cities are exposed to pollutants. This paper aims to monitor the spatial distribution of heavy metals and evaluate the concentrations via health risk assessment of HMs (Cu, Ni, Cd, Co, Pb, and Zn) that expose the inhabitants to health hazards. According to the results of the current study, sixty street dust samples were applied to the acid digestion technique and quantification by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The spatial distribution of the selected heavy metals in the street dust was investigated using the spatial analysis tool in ArcGIS 10.0 according to population density and land use. In the present study, we used hazard index and cancer risk methods to estimate the public health risk of the pollutants exposed to street dust in Ankara. The concentrations range of the elements in street dust over the study area ranged from 3.34–4.50, 31.69–42.87, 16.09–21.54, 42.85–57.55, 0.00–3.51, and 23.03–30.79, respectively. The overall decreasing order of mean concentration of metals was observed as follows: Pb > Cu > Ni > Co > Cd > Zn. Vehicle traffic and industrial activities seem to be the most critical anthropogenic sources responsible for dust pollution in the study area. The risk assessment of Pb and Ni exposure was the highest, and the hazard index values were 2.42E + 00 and 2.28E + 00 mg/kg/day for children. However, the effect on adults was 2.62E-01 and 2.37E-02 mg/kg/day, followed by inhalation and dermal contact with street dust was almost negligible. The decreasing concentration is modeled spatially along the western development corridor of the city. The risk to public health is high in areas with high densities close to the city center and the main artery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. A social logic of energy : a data science approach to understanding and modelling energy transitions of India's urban poor
- Author
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Neto-Bradley, Andre and Choudhary, Ruchi
- Subjects
Residential Energy ,Urban Modelling ,Data Science ,Clean Cooking ,Mixed Methods - Abstract
Continued use of traditional solid biomass fuels for cooking in Indian households poses a serious public health risk. Particulate emissions in the form of soot contributed to approximately 600,000 deaths in 2019, a burden that falls disproportionately on women, children, and vulnerable populations. Despite over 95% of the population having access to clean cooking fuel distribution, following recent government initiatives to promote liquefied petroleum gas, biomass cooking fuel use is still widespread. This is the case even in cities, where low-income households have low levels of sustained clean cooking fuel use. Interventions to promote transition to clean cooking often focus on cost and technology, informed by an economic-technical view of energy transition, but not all households benefit as expected from these interventions. Previous studies on socio-economic determinants of transition offer limited insight into the reasons for why some households can slip through the net of such interventions. The explanation lies in the socio-cultural and economic heterogeneity across households and the inherent spatial inequalities in urban India. This thesis explores the influence of local socio-economic and cultural factors, and household practices and habits, on clean cooking transition with a view to understanding how the associated heterogeneity can be characterised, and integrated into quantitative energy models and methods. Public national survey and census data is supplemented with primary data collection, which provides valuable quantitative and qualitative data on low-income urban households. Tree-based regression is used to investigate the influence of socio-economic and cultural factors within quantitative models. Determinants are found to exhibit non-linear trends, with thresholds for change in influence on transition. A statistical clustering reveals different typologies of household amongst clean cooking adopters, indicative of different enabling circumstances and pathways to transition. Continued use of biomass is found to be common across recently transitioned households. The heterogeneity amongst low-income households, and the emergent transition pathways, are further investigated through data collected on low-income households in Bangalore. A novel method is used which combines mixed data in a two-stage clustering analysis, offering a means to characterise heterogeneity across households, identifying distinct transition pathways and associated barriers. The findings illustrate how wider socio-economic inequality is intertwined with access to sustained clean cooking. A Bayesian multilevel microsimulation approach is proposed to model the spatial heterogeneity in clean cooking at a city scale. This approach combines publicly available data to generate a synthetic population, and estimates cooking fuel use and fuel stacking using a Bayesian multilevel model. The model takes into account household cooking practices, local spatial effects, and city level economic and policy context. The model reveals how low uptake of clean cooking fuel, and continued biomass use, is related to underlying spatial socio-economic inequalities in cities.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Dispersion and Radiation Modelling in ESTE System Using Urban LPM.
- Author
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Lipták, Ľudovít, Čarný, Peter, Marčišovský, Michal, Marčišovská, Mária, Chylý, Miroslav, and Fojciková, Eva
- Subjects
- *
GRAPHICS processing units , *DECISION support systems , *URBANIZATION , *LANGEVIN equations , *DISPERSION (Chemistry) - Abstract
In cases of accidental or deliberate incidents involving a harmful agent in urban areas, a detailed modelling approach is required to include the building shapes and spatial locations. Simultaneously, when applied to crisis management, a simulation tool must meet strict time constraints. This work presents a Lagrangian particle model (LPM) for computing atmospheric dispersion. The model is implemented in the nuclear decision support system ESTE CBRN, a software tool developed to calculate the atmospheric dispersion of airborne hazardous materials and radiological impacts in the built-up area. The implemented LPM is based on Thomson's solution for the nonstationary, three-dimensional Langevin equation model for turbulent diffusion. The simulation results are successfully analyzed by testing compatibility with Briggs sigma functions in the case of continuous release. The implemented LPM is compared with the Joint Urban 2003 Street Canyon Experiment for instantaneous puff releases. We compare the maximum concentrations and peak times measured during two intensive operational periods. The modeled peak times are mostly 10–20% smaller than the measured. Except for a few detector locations, the maximum concentrations are reproduced consistently. In the end, we demonstrate via calculation on single computers utilizing general-purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPGPU) that the implementation is well suited for an actual emergency response since the computational times (including dispersion and dose calculation) for an acceptable level of result accuracy are similar to the modeled event duration itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Exploring machine learning-based archetypes for urban life cycle modeling (UBiM)
- Author
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Giseli Mary Colleto and Vanessa Gomes
- Subjects
archetypes ,building stock aggregation ,clustering ,lca ,life cycle impacts ,urban modelling ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
Urban analyses demand simplifications that balance modelling level of detail and scope broadness. Thus, classification by archetypes is a promising methodological approach. Such an approach is common for energy studies but rarely applied for Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) purposes. When archetypes are used in urban LCA, they generally result from previous studies for classification and characterization according to parameters that directly affect the operational energy performance of buildings. This paper tackles two research questions: i) Is it appropriate to aggregate building stocks based on operational energy (OE) variables when life cycle impacts are investigated? ii) When integrated LCA (OE + embodied impacts) is pursued, would variables describing both interests simultaneously result in better representation than using operational energy-based clustering to predict embodied impacts and vice versa? Thus, we aim to confirm that, combining variables that govern OE and embodied impacts offers a better result than using OE to predict materials groupings, even if some adherence is lost relatively to single-objective clustering. Clustering experiments were carried out for the campus of the University of Campinas, Brazil. After unsupervised k-medoid (PAM) grouping, the data were submitted to a supervised learning (neural networks) classification method. Generated confusion matrices demonstrate how adherent the clustering is when considering one interest to predict the other in three situations. Results indicate that an operational energy-driven archetype fails to represent buildings from the embodied impacts viewpoint, and that merging operational energy and embodied impact variables would better support integrated life cycle impact predictions.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. A modelling study on quantifying the impact of urbanization and regional effects on the wintertime surface temperature over a rapidly-growing tropical city
- Author
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Gopinath Nandini, V. Vinoj, Soumya Satyakanta Sethi, H. P. Nayak, Kiranmayi Landu, D. Swain, and U. C. Mohanty
- Subjects
Urban heat island ,Urban climate ,Urban modelling ,Urbanization ,Temperature ,Land use land cover ,Cities. Urban geography ,GF125 - Abstract
Abstract Climate change and sustainability are among the most widely used terms among policymakers and the scientific community in recent times. However, climate action or steps to sustainable growth in cities in the global south are mostly borrowed from general studies at a few large urban agglomerations in the developed world. There are very few modeling studies over south Asia to understand and quantify the impact of climate change and urbanization on even the most primary meteorological variable, such as temperature. Such quantifications are difficult to estimate due to the non-availability of relevant long-term observational datasets. In this modeling study, an attempt is made to understand the urban heat island (UHI), its transition, and the segregation of regional climate change effects and urbanization over the rapidly growing tier 2 tropical smart city Bhubaneswar in India. The model is able to simulate the UHI for both land surface temperature, called the SUHI, and 2-m air temperature, called UHI, reasonably well. Their magnitudes were ~ 5 and 2.5°C, respectively. It is estimated that nearly 60–70% of the overall air and 70–80% of the land surface temperature increase during nighttime over the city between the period 2004 and 2015 is due to urbanization, with the remaining due to the regional/non-local effects.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Urban Data: Sources and Targeted Applications for Urban Planning Indicators Modelling
- Author
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Tékouabou, Stéphane Cédric Koumetio, Chenal, Jérôme, Azmi, Rida, Diop, El Bachir, Toulni, Hamza, Filipe, Joaquim, Editorial Board Member, Ghosh, Ashish, Editorial Board Member, Prates, Raquel Oliveira, Editorial Board Member, Zhou, Lizhu, Editorial Board Member, Ortiz-Rodríguez, Fernando, editor, Tiwari, Sanju, editor, Sicilia, Miguel-Angel, editor, and Nikiforova, Anastasija, editor
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. 3D building metrics for urban morphology.
- Author
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Labetski, Anna, Vitalis, Stelios, Biljecki, Filip, Arroyo Ohori, Ken, and Stoter, Jantien
- Subjects
- *
URBAN morphology , *URBAN planning , *ARCHITECTURAL details , *DATA science , *URBAN studies - Abstract
Urban morphology is important in a broad range of investigations across the fields of city planning, transportation, climate, energy, and urban data science. Characterising buildings with a set of numerical metrics is fundamental to studying the urban form. Despite the rapid developments in 3D geoinformation science, and the growing 3D data availability, most studies simplify buildings to their 2D footprint, and when taking their height into account, they at most assume one height value per building, i.e. simple 3D. We take the first step in elevating building metrics into full/true 3D, uncovering the use of higher levels of detail, and taking into account the detailed shape of a building. We set the foundation of the new research line on 3D urban morphology by providing a comprehensive set of 3D metrics, implementing them in openly released software, generating an open dataset containing 2D and 3D metrics for 823,000 buildings in the Netherlands, and demonstrating a use case where clusters and architectural patterns are analysed through time. Our experiments suggest the added value of 3D metrics to complement existing counterparts, reducing ambiguity, and providing advanced insights. Furthermore, we provide a comparative analysis using different levels of detail of 3D building models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. EXPLORING MACHINE LEARNING-BASED ARCHETYPES FOR URBAN LIFE CYCLE MODELING (UBIM).
- Author
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Mary Colleto, Giseli and Gomes, Vanessa
- Subjects
- *
MACHINE learning , *ARCHETYPES , *CONSTRUCTION industry , *ENVIRONMENTAL quality , *BUILDING design & construction - Abstract
Urban analyses demand simplifications that balance modelling level of detail and scope broadness. Thus, classification by archetypes is a promising methodological approach. Such an approach is common for energy studies but rarely applied for Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) purposes. When archetypes are used in urban LCA, they generally result from previous studies for classification and characterization according to parameters that directly affect the operational energy performance of buildings. This paper tackles two research questions: i) Is it appropriate to aggregate building stocks based on operational energy (OE) variables when life cycle impacts are investigated? ii) When integrated LCA (OE + embodied impacts) is pursued, would variables describing both interests simultaneously result in better representation than using operational energy-based clustering to predict embodied impacts and vice versa? Thus, we aim to confirm that, combining variables that govern OE and embodied impacts offers a better result than using OE to predict materials groupings, even if some adherence is lost relatively to single-objective clustering. Clustering experiments were carried out for the campus of the University of Campinas, Brazil. After unsupervised k-medoid (PAM) grouping, the data were submitted to a supervised learning (neural networks) classification method. Generated confusion matrices demonstrate how adherent the clustering is when considering one interest to predict the other in three situations. Results indicate that an operational energy-driven archetype fails to represent buildings from the embodied impacts viewpoint, and that merging operational energy and embodied impact variables would better support integrated life cycle impact predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Towards a Model of Urban Evolution—Part I: Context.
- Author
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Silver, Daniel, Adler, Patrick, and Fox, Mark S.
- Subjects
URBAN life ,EVOLUTIONARY models ,MODEL theory ,URBAN studies ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations - Abstract
This paper seeks to develop the core concepts of a model of urban evolution. It proceeds in four major sections. First, we review prior adumbrations of an evolutionary model in urban theory, noting their potential and their limitations. Second, we turn to the general sociocultural evolution literature to draw inspiration for a fresh and more complete application of evolutionary theory to the study of urban life. Third, building upon this background, we outline the main elements of our proposed model, with special attention to elaborating the value of its key conceptual innovation, the "formeme". Last, we conclude with a discussion of what types of research commitments the overall approach does or does not imply, and point toward the more formal elaboration of the model that we undertake in "Towards a Model of Urban Evolution, Part II" and "Towards a Model of Urban Evolution, Part III". In "Towards a Model of Urban Evolution, Part IV" we demonstrate the application of the model to Yelp data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Hydrological and Hydraulic Modeling Applied to Flash Flood Events in a Small Urban Stream.
- Author
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Bruno, Leonardo Souza, Mattos, Tiago Souza, Oliveira, Paulo Tarso Sanches, Almagro, André, and Rodrigues, Dulce Buchala Bicca
- Subjects
HYDRAULIC models ,HYDROLOGIC models ,LAND cover ,FLOODS ,RAINFALL ,FLOW sensors ,RAIN gauges - Abstract
In flood area mapping studies, hydrological-hydraulic modeling has been successfully applied around the world. However, the object of study of most of the research developed in Brazil is medium to large channels that use topographical and hydrometeorological data of coarse spatial and temporal resolution. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate coupled modeling in a small urban channel, using high-resolution data, in the simulation of flood events in a small urban channel, located in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul. In this study, we used the HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS programs, where topographic information, land use, land cover, and observed data from rain gauges, water level, and flow sensors from 2015 to 2018 were used as input data. To calibrate and validate the hydrological model, four events were used that occurred during the monitoring period, while in the hydraulic model we chose a historical event that caused great disturbances. We then generated flood scenarios with representative synthetic rainfall for a basin, with return times of 5, 10, 50, and 100 years. We observed a good fit in the calibration and validation of the HEC-HMS, with values of R
2 = 0.93, RMSE = 1.29, and NSE = 0.92. In HEC-RAS, we obtained values of R2 = 0.93, RMSE = 1.29, and NSE = 0.92 for the calibration, and in the validation, real images of the event prove the computed flood spot sources. We observed that rain with a return time of less than five years provides areas of flooding in several regions of the channel, and in critical channeled sections, the elevation and speed of the flow reach 5 m and 3 m·s−1 , respectively. Our results indicate that the channel already has a natural tendency towards flooding in certain stretches, which become more compromised due to land use and coverage and local conditions. We conclude that the high-resolution coupled modeling generated information that represents local conditions as well, showing how potential failures of drainage in extreme scenarios are possible, thus enabling the planning of adaptations and protection measures against floods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. 3D-GIS Parametric Modelling for Virtual Urban Simulation Using CityEngine
- Author
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Ibrahim M. Badwi, Hisham M. Ellaithy, and Hidi E. Youssef
- Subjects
3d-gis ,parametric modelling ,urban modelling ,cityengine ,procedural modelling (pm) ,computer generated architecture (cga) ,Mathematical geography. Cartography ,GA1-1776 - Abstract
Modelling and visualization of three-dimensional (3D) models for cities is a great challenge for computer software and graphics. Recently, 3D city modelling has grown due to advances in applications accompanying the information technology revolution. 3D Geographic Information Systems (3D-GIS) have evolved enormously due to the availability of large-scale 3D modelling techniques. These technologies have become very important in representing large cities and conducting various analyses in the city’s virtual environment to support urban decision-making. CityEngine is one of the most recent 3D-GIS modelling applications. CityEngine can be described as parametric modelling using Procedural Modelling (PM) to create 3D urban elements through macros and routines. This paper highlights the importance of 3D Procedural Modelling (PM) of cities in the GIS environment using ESRI CityEngine and presents a parametric concept for designing urban spaces. This issue has been addressed in three respects. First, discuss the concept and strength of parametric design. Second, the concept of procedural modelling and its power to generate complex 3D models using a set of rules is discussed. Finally, CityEngine was evaluated through a real-world case study of a neighbourhood in the new city of Beni-Suef, Egypt. The results confirm the effectiveness of CityEngine as a 3D-GIS modelling software that generates dynamic 3D models from 2D spatial data. While the results are promising, it is important to investigate more complex cases. The CityEngine modelling approach enables comprehensive urban analyses such as sequence vision, façade studies, urban fabric and character, and statistical operations based on attribute database.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Hybrid Urban Model (CA + Agents) for the Simulation of Real Estate Market Dynamics and Sea-Level Rise Impacts
- Author
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Dalcin, Guilherme Kruger, Krafta, Romulo, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Gervasi, Osvaldo, editor, Murgante, Beniamino, editor, Misra, Sanjay, editor, Garau, Chiara, editor, Blečić, Ivan, editor, Taniar, David, editor, Apduhan, Bernady O., editor, Rocha, Ana Maria A.C., editor, Tarantino, Eufemia, editor, and Torre, Carmelo Maria, editor
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Simulation of Urban Heat Island during a High-Heat Event Using WRF Urban Canopy Models: A Case Study for Metro Manila.
- Author
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Bilang, Ronald Gil Joy P., Blanco, Ariel C., Santos, Justine Ace S., and Olaguera, Lyndon Mark P.
- Subjects
- *
URBAN heat islands , *ATMOSPHERIC temperature , *METEOROLOGICAL research , *METEOROLOGICAL stations , *WEATHER forecasting - Abstract
This present study aims to determine the performance of using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model, coupled with the urban canopy models (UCMs), in simulating the 2 m air temperature and 2 m relative humidity in Metro Manila. The simulation was performed during a high heat event on 22–29 April 2018, which coincided with the dry season in the Philippines. The four urban canopy model options that were used in this study include, the bulk (no urban), SLUCM, BEP, and BEM. The results of the simulations were compared with the hourly observations from three weather stations over Metro Manila from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Integrated Surface Dataset (ISD) and one agrometeorological station in Naic, Cavite. After model validation, the urban heat island (UHI) was then characterized to determine the spatial-temporal variations in the cities of Metro Manila. Statistical results show that the WRF simulation for 2 m air temperature agrees with measurements with an RMSE of <3.0 °C, mean bias error of <2.0 °C, and index of agreement of >0.80. WRF simulation for relative humidity still presents a challenge where simulation errors are higher than the acceptable range. The addition of UCMs does not necessarily improve the simulation for 2 m air temperature, while the use of BEP improved the 2 m relative humidity simulation. The results suggest the importance of using actual urban morphology values in WRF to accurately simulate near-surface variables. On the other hand, WRF simulation shows the presence of urban heat islands, notably in the northwest and central area of Metro Manila during daytime, extending throughout Metro Manila during nighttime. Lower air temperature was consistently observed in areas near Laguna Lake, while higher air temperature due to stagnant winds was observed in the northwest area of Metro Manila. High heat index was also observed throughout Metro Manila from daytime until nighttime, especially in areas near bodies of water like Manila Bay and Laguna Lake due to high humidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. 3D-GIS Parametric Modelling for Virtual Urban Simulation Using CityEngine.
- Author
-
Badwi, Ibrahim M., Ellaithy, Hisham M., and Youssef, Hidi E.
- Subjects
- *
PARAMETRIC modeling , *THREE-dimensional modeling , *THREE-dimensional imaging , *GEOGRAPHIC information systems , *COMPUTER graphics , *COMPUTER software - Abstract
Modelling and visualization of three-dimensional (3D) models for cities is a great challenge for computer software and graphics. Recently, 3D city modelling has grown due to advances in applications accompanying the information technology revolution. 3D Geographic Information Systems (3D-GIS) have evolved enormously due to the availability of large-scale 3D modelling techniques. These technologies have become very important in representing large cities and conducting various analyses in the city's virtual environment to support urban decision-making. CityEngine is one of the most recent 3D-GIS modelling applications. CityEngine can be described as parametric modelling using Procedural Modelling (PM) to create 3D urban elements through macros and routines. This paper highlights the importance of 3D Procedural Modelling (PM) of cities in the GIS environment using ESRI CityEngine and presents a parametric concept for designing urban spaces. This issue has been addressed in three respects. First, discuss the concept and strength of parametric design. Second, the concept of procedural modelling and its power to generate complex 3D models using a set of rules is discussed. Finally, CityEngine was evaluated through a real-world case study of a neighbourhood in the new city of Beni-Suef, Egypt. The results confirm the effectiveness of CityEngine as a 3D-GIS modelling software that generates dynamic 3D models from 2D spatial data. While the results are promising, it is important to investigate more complex cases. The CityEngine modelling approach enables comprehensive urban analyses such as sequence vision, façade studies, urban fabric and character, and statistical operations based on attribute database. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Spatial Modelling and Prediction with the Spatio-Temporal Matrix: A Study on Predicting Future Settlement Growth.
- Author
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Wang, Zhiyuan, Bachofer, Felix, Koehler, Jonas, Huth, Juliane, Hoeser, Thorsten, Marconcini, Mattia, Esch, Thomas, and Kuenzer, Claudia
- Subjects
RECEIVER operating characteristic curves ,PREDICTION models ,TIME series analysis ,INDEPENDENT films - Abstract
In the past decades, various Earth observation-based time series products have emerged, which have enabled studies and analysis of global change processes. Besides their contribution to understanding past processes, time series datasets hold enormous potential for predictive modeling and thereby meet the demands of decision makers on future scenarios. In order to further exploit these data, a novel pixel-based approach has been introduced, which is the spatio-temporal matrix (STM). The approach integrates the historical characteristics of a specific land cover at a high temporal frequency in order to interpret the spatial and temporal information for the neighborhood of a given target pixel. The provided information can be exploited with common predictive models and algorithms. In this study, this approach was utilized and evaluated for the prediction of future urban/built-settlement growth. Random forest and multi-layer perceptron were employed for the prediction. The tests have been carried out with training strategies based on a one-year and a ten-year time span for the urban agglomerations of Surat (India), Ho-Chi-Minh City (Vietnam), and Abidjan (Ivory Coast). The slope, land use, exclusion, urban, transportation, hillshade (SLEUTH) model was selected as a baseline indicator for the performance evaluation. The statistical results from the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) demonstrate a good ability of the STM to facilitate the prediction of future settlement growth and its transferability to different cities, with area under the curve (AUC) values greater than 0.85. Compared with SLEUTH, the STM-based model achieved higher AUC in all of the test cases, while being independent of the additional datasets for the restricted and the preferential development areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Understanding the co-emergence of urban location choice and mobility patterns : empirical studies and an integrated geospatial and agent-based model
- Author
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Acheampong, Ransford Antwi and Silva, Elisabete
- Subjects
333.73 ,Urban modelling ,Agent-based Modelling ,Land-use ,Transportation ,Location choice ,Mobility Patterns ,Dynamic Simulation - Abstract
Understanding and simulating the relationship between urban land-use configuration and patterns of human spatial interaction has been the subject of multi-disciplinary research. Conceptually, it is recognized that the location decisions of several urban actors including individuals, households, firms and public sector institutions, collectively determine the spatial distribution of land-use activities; the emergent land-use patterns, in turn, provide the structural conditions within which flows and interactions between locations occur daily and respond to each other over time. Over the past six decades, various theories and concepts from urban economics, social-physics, transportation studies, and the complexity sciences have underpinned empirical research and development of state-of-the-art simulation models to explore the land-use and travel nexus. Using a case study design and selecting the Kumasi Metropolis, a medium-size metropolis of nearly two-million inhabitants in Ghana, West Africa as the case study area, two main objectives, which reflect research trends and gaps in both the empirical literature and simulation model development have been addressed in this thesis. The first objective was to examine empirically, the location choice behaviour of households and individuals with respect to their residential and job locations, and the mobility patterns associated with the observed home-work location combinations within the metropolis. The second objective was to develop an integrated geospatial and agent-based model to simulate how the residential and job location choice behaviour of heterogeneous households and individuals co-emerge with mobility patterns in the metropolis. The empirical studies presented in this thesis contributes to a deeper understanding of how location-defining attributes at multiple spatial-scales interact with socio-demographic attributes of heterogeneous households and individuals to determine their residential location choice, job location choice and mobility characteristics. The development of the Metropolitan Location and Mobility Patterns Simulator (METLOMP-SIM)—an integrated geospatial and agent-based model also demonstrates how the encoded micro-scale behaviour of purposive households and individuals, interacting with each other and their environment dynamically, could reproduce macro-scale urban location patterns, property market price formation and evolution, and patterns and attributes of spatial flows and interactions anchored on the population’s residential-job location combinations.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Dispersion and Radiation Modelling in ESTE System Using Urban LPM
- Author
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Ľudovít Lipták, Peter Čarný, Michal Marčišovský, Mária Marčišovská, Miroslav Chylý, and Eva Fojciková
- Subjects
Lagrangian particle model ,urban modelling ,CBRN events ,emergency response ,Joint Urban 2003 Experiment ,Meteorology. Climatology ,QC851-999 - Abstract
In cases of accidental or deliberate incidents involving a harmful agent in urban areas, a detailed modelling approach is required to include the building shapes and spatial locations. Simultaneously, when applied to crisis management, a simulation tool must meet strict time constraints. This work presents a Lagrangian particle model (LPM) for computing atmospheric dispersion. The model is implemented in the nuclear decision support system ESTE CBRN, a software tool developed to calculate the atmospheric dispersion of airborne hazardous materials and radiological impacts in the built-up area. The implemented LPM is based on Thomson’s solution for the nonstationary, three-dimensional Langevin equation model for turbulent diffusion. The simulation results are successfully analyzed by testing compatibility with Briggs sigma functions in the case of continuous release. The implemented LPM is compared with the Joint Urban 2003 Street Canyon Experiment for instantaneous puff releases. We compare the maximum concentrations and peak times measured during two intensive operational periods. The modeled peak times are mostly 10–20% smaller than the measured. Except for a few detector locations, the maximum concentrations are reproduced consistently. In the end, we demonstrate via calculation on single computers utilizing general-purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPGPU) that the implementation is well suited for an actual emergency response since the computational times (including dispersion and dose calculation) for an acceptable level of result accuracy are similar to the modeled event duration itself.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Procedural Cities as Active Simulators for Planning
- Author
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Flora Roumpani
- Subjects
3d cities ,digital twins ,procedural modelling ,urban generators ,urban modelling ,urban planning ,City planning ,HT165.5-169.9 - Abstract
Modelling a 3D city poses an interesting challenge. To create a virtual city, a road pattern has to be designed and a large number of buildings need to be generated. Every urban place has a road network, often a superimposed pattern plan that serves a population density and buildings which follow statutory rules. This patterned behaviour of the city is why it is possible to develop rules or “computational instructions,” to generate city models. In this article, we are going to discuss how to use procedural modelling and CityEngine, a rule-based application commonly used in the movie industry and gaming to produce vast realistic cityscapes, for regional and urban planning via an urban analytics approach. Unlike cinema’s imaginary worlds, cities have real-life population dependencies that need to be modelled for the development of planning scenarios. The goal is then to use the generative properties of the procedural modelling approach, along with population prediction models, to create informed 3D city scenarios. Instead of designing solutions, the user can use interactive parameters to affect the 3D model globally, thus enabling virtual cities to become active simulators for planning. Using urban analytics and generative environments, procedural cities may be able to create a “teaser” of different versions of how the city would look like in the future.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. The future of urban models in the Big Data and AI era: a bibliometric analysis (2000–2019).
- Author
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Maisonobe, Marion
- Subjects
- *
BIG data , *URBAN transportation , *ARTIFICIAL intelligence , *BIBLIOMETRICS , *URBAN research - Abstract
This article questions the effects on urban research dynamics of the Big Data and AI turn in urban management. Increasing access to large datasets collected in real time could make certain mathematical models developed in research fields related to the management of urban systems obsolete. These ongoing evolutions are the subject of numerous works whose main angle of reflection is the future of cities rather than the transformations at work in the academic field. Our article proposes grasp the scientific dynamics in areas of research related to two urban systems: transportation and water. The article demonstrates the importance of grasping these dynamics if we want to be able to apprehend what the urban management of tomorrow's cities will be like. To analyse these research areas' dynamics, we use two complementary materials: bibliometric data and interviews. The interviews conducted in 2018 with academics and higher education officials in Paris and Edinburgh suggest avenues for hybridization between traditional modelling approaches and research in machine learning, artificial intelligence and Big Data. The bibliometric analysis highlight the trends at work: it shows that traffic flow as well as transportation studies are focussing more and more on AI and Big Data and that traffic flow studies are arousing a growing interest among computer scientists, while, so far, this interest is less pronounced in the water research area, and more especially regarding water quality. The differences observed between research on transportation and that on water confirm the multifaceted nature of the developments at work and encourage us to reject overly hasty and simplistic generalisations about the transformations underway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Optimizing the Selection of Spatial and Non-spatial Data for Higher Accuracy Multi-scale Classification of Urban Environments
- Author
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Ikokou, Guy Blanchard, Smit, Julian Lloyd, Froehlich, Annette, Series Editor, Heinzmann, Dirk, Associate Editor, Siebrits, André, Associate Editor, Aschbacher, Josef, Advisory Editor, Bayala, Rigobert, Advisory Editor, Caballero León, Carlos, Advisory Editor, Consolmagno, Guy, Advisory Editor, de Dalmau, Juan, Advisory Editor, El Hadani, Driss, Advisory Editor, Gashut, El Hadi, Advisory Editor, Martinez, Peter, Advisory Editor, Mendieta-Jiménez, Francisco Javier, Advisory Editor, Menicocci, Félix Clementino, Advisory Editor, Mostert, Sias, Advisory Editor, Munsami, Val, Advisory Editor, Olsen, Greg, Advisory Editor, Oussedik, Azzedine, Advisory Editor, Pasco, Xavier, Advisory Editor, Román M., Alejandro J., Advisory Editor, Schrogl, Kai-Uwe, Advisory Editor, Tilmans, Dominique, Advisory Editor, Tortora, Jean-Jacques, Advisory Editor, and Wade, Souleye, editor
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Incorporation of micro-level analysis in strategic urban transport modelling : with a case study of the Greater Beijing
- Author
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Deng, Bin and Jin, Ying
- Subjects
Strategic transport modelling ,Taxi GPS data ,Transport policy intervention ,Scenario tests ,Greater Beijing Region ,Data mining ,Urban modelling - Abstract
Many developing countries and regions are suffering from severe urban transport problems arising from accidents, congestion, air pollution, rising carbon intensity, and chronic under-funding of infrastructure and services. The problems make those cities the most polluted and often the least liveable. Strategic transport modelling has been recognised as an effective approach for developing and testing policy options, especially where it is integrated with land use planning and urban design. However, in most developing-country cities strategic transport modelling has been out of reach for practical policy use because of its sophisticated data and skill requirements, which currently imply unaffordable high costs and long durations for model development. This means that strategic urban transport modelling is the least available where it is needed most urgently. Meanwhile, the spread of smart data in mapping and urban activity monitoring has often been just as rapid in developing countries as in the developed. This has triggered new approaches in micro-level analyses of transport networks, personal movements and vehicles. In the most advanced cases, the new analyses have started to influence strategic modelling. The main hypothesis of this dissertation is that an incorporation of the micro-level smart data and analyses in strategic urban transport modelling will make it feasible to establish a sufficiently robust strategic transport model for evidence-based policy analysis with cost, time and skill thresholds that are close to being affordable in developing country cities. In order to test this main hypothesis, a number of novel model development tasks have been carried out which contribute to the field of applied urban modelling. This new approach aims to contribute to the transformation of the prevailing modus operandi where model development could not start in earnest until extensive data collection and skills training have been completed to a situation where a sufficiently robust model can be established cheaply and quickly to support on-going and incremental refinements. More specifically, new modelling tools have been developed as part of this dissertation using sparse GPS taxi traces to identify slow-moving and stopping traffic hotspots using an extended density-based spatial clustering algorithm that is tolerant of significant data noise, and to estimate congested road speeds (which used to be very costly and time-consuming to obtain if at all). The micro-level network, congested speeds and insights into the nature of the congested traffic have been incorporated into a MEPLAN-based strategic transport model interacting with a MEPLAN-based land use and travel demand model. This means that the strategic economic, social and environmental impacts of transport interventions can be tested in a robust way through accounting for the interactions among transport, land-use and background social-technical trends. A new approach to establish the medium to long term visions for alternative travel demand management and transport investment scenarios has been tested using this model. The methods and algorithms have been tested in a case study of the Greater Beijing region, which consists of the municipalities of Beijing and Tianjin together with the surrounding areas in the province of Hebei. The government's data regulations of restricting overseas studies to using only publicly available data sources have made the case study ideal for testing the new approach. The potential of the new strategic urban transport model has been tested through a wide range of policy scenarios. The results suggest that the new approach developed in this dissertation has made it not only cheaper and faster to develop a robust model, but could also potentially fill a gap in the lack of medium to long term perspectives regarding major road and metro investments over the next two decades. Such analyses could be of critical importance in improving the performance of the transport system in terms of safety, economic efficiency, air quality and carbon reduction given the long lead times to plan and deliver transport infrastructure investments.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Modelling urban networks using Variational Autoencoders
- Author
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Kira Kempinska and Roberto Murcio
- Subjects
Variational autoencoders ,Urban modelling ,Street networks ,Applied mathematics. Quantitative methods ,T57-57.97 - Abstract
Abstract A long-standing question for urban and regional planners pertains to the ability to describe urban patterns quantitatively. Cities’ transport infrastructure, particularly street networks, provides an invaluable source of information about the urban patterns generated by peoples’ movements and their interactions. With the increasing availability of street network datasets and the advancements in deep learning methods, we are presented with an unprecedented opportunity to push the frontiers of urban modelling towards more data-driven and accurate models of urban forms.In this study, we present our initial work on applying deep generative models to urban street network data to create spatially explicit urban models. We based our work on Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) which are deep generative models that have recently gained their popularity due to the ability to generate realistic images. Initial results show that VAEs are capable of capturing key high-level urban network metrics using low-dimensional vectors and generating new urban forms of complexity matching the cities captured in the street network data.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Computational Urban Science
- Subjects
computational science ,built environment ,urban modelling ,urban development ,Cities. Urban geography ,GF125 - Published
- 2021
34. Hydrological and Hydraulic Modeling Applied to Flash Flood Events in a Small Urban Stream
- Author
-
Leonardo Souza Bruno, Tiago Souza Mattos, Paulo Tarso Sanches Oliveira, André Almagro, and Dulce Buchala Bicca Rodrigues
- Subjects
flash flood ,urban modelling ,small channels ,HEC-RAS ,HEC-HMS ,Science - Abstract
In flood area mapping studies, hydrological-hydraulic modeling has been successfully applied around the world. However, the object of study of most of the research developed in Brazil is medium to large channels that use topographical and hydrometeorological data of coarse spatial and temporal resolution. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate coupled modeling in a small urban channel, using high-resolution data, in the simulation of flood events in a small urban channel, located in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul. In this study, we used the HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS programs, where topographic information, land use, land cover, and observed data from rain gauges, water level, and flow sensors from 2015 to 2018 were used as input data. To calibrate and validate the hydrological model, four events were used that occurred during the monitoring period, while in the hydraulic model we chose a historical event that caused great disturbances. We then generated flood scenarios with representative synthetic rainfall for a basin, with return times of 5, 10, 50, and 100 years. We observed a good fit in the calibration and validation of the HEC-HMS, with values of R2 = 0.93, RMSE = 1.29, and NSE = 0.92. In HEC-RAS, we obtained values of R2 = 0.93, RMSE = 1.29, and NSE = 0.92 for the calibration, and in the validation, real images of the event prove the computed flood spot sources. We observed that rain with a return time of less than five years provides areas of flooding in several regions of the channel, and in critical channeled sections, the elevation and speed of the flow reach 5 m and 3 m·s−1, respectively. Our results indicate that the channel already has a natural tendency towards flooding in certain stretches, which become more compromised due to land use and coverage and local conditions. We conclude that the high-resolution coupled modeling generated information that represents local conditions as well, showing how potential failures of drainage in extreme scenarios are possible, thus enabling the planning of adaptations and protection measures against floods.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Towards a Model of Urban Evolution—Part I: Context
- Author
-
Daniel Silver, Patrick Adler, and Mark S. Fox
- Subjects
urban evolution ,urban modelling ,urban signatures ,Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ,Social Sciences - Abstract
This paper seeks to develop the core concepts of a model of urban evolution. It proceeds in four major sections. First, we review prior adumbrations of an evolutionary model in urban theory, noting their potential and their limitations. Second, we turn to the general sociocultural evolution literature to draw inspiration for a fresh and more complete application of evolutionary theory to the study of urban life. Third, building upon this background, we outline the main elements of our proposed model, with special attention to elaborating the value of its key conceptual innovation, the “formeme”. Last, we conclude with a discussion of what types of research commitments the overall approach does or does not imply, and point toward the more formal elaboration of the model that we undertake in “Towards a Model of Urban Evolution, Part II” and “Towards a Model of Urban Evolution, Part III”. In “Towards a Model of Urban Evolution, Part IV” we demonstrate the application of the model to Yelp data.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Simulation of Urban Heat Island during a High-Heat Event Using WRF Urban Canopy Models: A Case Study for Metro Manila
- Author
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Ronald Gil Joy P. Bilang, Ariel C. Blanco, Justine Ace S. Santos, and Lyndon Mark P. Olaguera
- Subjects
urban heat island ,WRF ,heat index ,urban canopy model ,urban modelling ,Meteorology. Climatology ,QC851-999 - Abstract
This present study aims to determine the performance of using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model, coupled with the urban canopy models (UCMs), in simulating the 2 m air temperature and 2 m relative humidity in Metro Manila. The simulation was performed during a high heat event on 22–29 April 2018, which coincided with the dry season in the Philippines. The four urban canopy model options that were used in this study include, the bulk (no urban), SLUCM, BEP, and BEM. The results of the simulations were compared with the hourly observations from three weather stations over Metro Manila from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Integrated Surface Dataset (ISD) and one agrometeorological station in Naic, Cavite. After model validation, the urban heat island (UHI) was then characterized to determine the spatial-temporal variations in the cities of Metro Manila. Statistical results show that the WRF simulation for 2 m air temperature agrees with measurements with an RMSE of 0.80. WRF simulation for relative humidity still presents a challenge where simulation errors are higher than the acceptable range. The addition of UCMs does not necessarily improve the simulation for 2 m air temperature, while the use of BEP improved the 2 m relative humidity simulation. The results suggest the importance of using actual urban morphology values in WRF to accurately simulate near-surface variables. On the other hand, WRF simulation shows the presence of urban heat islands, notably in the northwest and central area of Metro Manila during daytime, extending throughout Metro Manila during nighttime. Lower air temperature was consistently observed in areas near Laguna Lake, while higher air temperature due to stagnant winds was observed in the northwest area of Metro Manila. High heat index was also observed throughout Metro Manila from daytime until nighttime, especially in areas near bodies of water like Manila Bay and Laguna Lake due to high humidity.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Spatial Modelling and Prediction with the Spatio-Temporal Matrix: A Study on Predicting Future Settlement Growth
- Author
-
Zhiyuan Wang, Felix Bachofer, Jonas Koehler, Juliane Huth, Thorsten Hoeser, Mattia Marconcini, Thomas Esch, and Claudia Kuenzer
- Subjects
spatio-temporal analysis ,time series ,EO data ,settlement growth ,machine learning ,urban modelling ,Agriculture - Abstract
In the past decades, various Earth observation-based time series products have emerged, which have enabled studies and analysis of global change processes. Besides their contribution to understanding past processes, time series datasets hold enormous potential for predictive modeling and thereby meet the demands of decision makers on future scenarios. In order to further exploit these data, a novel pixel-based approach has been introduced, which is the spatio-temporal matrix (STM). The approach integrates the historical characteristics of a specific land cover at a high temporal frequency in order to interpret the spatial and temporal information for the neighborhood of a given target pixel. The provided information can be exploited with common predictive models and algorithms. In this study, this approach was utilized and evaluated for the prediction of future urban/built-settlement growth. Random forest and multi-layer perceptron were employed for the prediction. The tests have been carried out with training strategies based on a one-year and a ten-year time span for the urban agglomerations of Surat (India), Ho-Chi-Minh City (Vietnam), and Abidjan (Ivory Coast). The slope, land use, exclusion, urban, transportation, hillshade (SLEUTH) model was selected as a baseline indicator for the performance evaluation. The statistical results from the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) demonstrate a good ability of the STM to facilitate the prediction of future settlement growth and its transferability to different cities, with area under the curve (AUC) values greater than 0.85. Compared with SLEUTH, the STM-based model achieved higher AUC in all of the test cases, while being independent of the additional datasets for the restricted and the preferential development areas.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Urban modelling experiences for the representation of the historical city in Holy Land
- Author
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Sandro Parrinello, Francesca Picchio, and Raffaella De Marco
- Subjects
big survey data ,urban modelling ,historical centers management ,virtual reality ,holy land ,Architecture ,NA1-9428 ,Architectural drawing and design ,NA2695-2793 - Abstract
In recent years, DAda Laboratory of University of Pavia has conducted numerous research activities in Holy Land aimed at defining operational strategies for the testing of documenting systems useful for the development of tools for the management and enhancement of historical heritage. The translation of the urban image into complex drawings is accomplished to replicate the characteristics of the real space, in order to entrust the virtual quality useful for configuring management tools and manipulating information. The synthesis of the data acquired from digital survey procedures, from the integration and post-production of a wide variety of instrumental out-puts, is expressed in models that reproduce morphological complexity and dimensional aspects in the desire to replicate the urban space of Middle Eastern cities, enhanced in their information content on the levels of decomposition and analysis of which the urban context is composed, to encourage the fruition of research results through the drawing-model. In particular, the paper will present the model of a portion of San Giovanni of Acre, relating to the area of Al-Jazzar Mosque, for the analysis of the historical stratification of religious and urban environments; a portion of Jerusalem adjacent to the monumental walls, for which it was built an interactive platform for the fruition in AR of the survey database; and a portion of the historical center of Bethlehem, for which an analysis of the characteristics of the ahwash quarters and buildings is addressed, useful for a semantic decomposition of the urban structure functional to the creation of an intelligent model for the monitoring of structural risk.DOI: https://doi.org/10.20365/disegnarecon.21.2018.5
- Published
- 2018
39. Caracterização de Fitofisionomias Urbanas Usando NDVI em Imagens de Satélite e Software Livre
- Author
-
Ariadne Barbosa Gonçalves, Raquel de Faria Godoi, Antonio Conceição Paranhos Filho, Marcelo Theophilo Folhes, and Hemerson Pistori
- Subjects
Remote sensing ,Urban modelling ,Landsat 8 ,Rapideye ,Physical geography ,GB3-5030 ,Geography (General) ,G1-922 - Abstract
These paper reports applications using satellite images to the identification of vegetation types in the Campo Grande city. This identification allows studies of urban vegetation, palynology and environmental changes. Images from Landsat 8 and Rapideye satellites from the Campo Grande urban area were used. A soil coverage map was done for each one of the seven sub-regions. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index was applied. In addition, a field survey was carried out to confirm the vegetation types sites through satellite images. Satellite images and in situ data validation allowed the distinction of the following features: water, urban structure, herbaceous, open and dense vegetation. For the identification of urban vegetation, Rapideye images were the most suitable for this type of study. The Rapideye satellite sensor detected 6.55% more dense vegetation area than Landsat 8 images.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Agent-Based Modelling for Urban Planning Current Limitations and Future Trends
- Author
-
Perez, Pascal, Banos, Arnaud, Pettit, Chris, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Namazi-Rad, Mohammad-Reza, editor, Padgham, Lin, editor, Perez, Pascal, editor, Nagel, Kai, editor, and Bazzan, Ana, editor
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Transportation in Agent-Based Urban Modelling
- Author
-
Wise, Sarah, Crooks, Andrew, Batty, Michael, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Namazi-Rad, Mohammad-Reza, editor, Padgham, Lin, editor, Perez, Pascal, editor, Nagel, Kai, editor, and Bazzan, Ana, editor
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Feature-preserving 3D mesh simplification for urban buildings.
- Author
-
Li, Minglei and Nan, Liangliang
- Subjects
- *
DATA modeling , *URBAN hospitals , *FILTERS & filtration - Abstract
The goal of urban building mesh simplification is to generate a compact representation of a building from a given mesh. Local smoothness and sharp contours of urban buildings are important features for converting unstructured data into solid models, which should be preserved during the simplification. In this paper, we present a general method to filter and simplify 3D building mesh models, capable of preserving piecewise planar structures and sharp features. Given a building mesh model, a mesh filtering technique is firstly designed to yield piecewise planar regions and extract crease contours. The planar regions are used to constrain the simplification of the mesh. Mesh decimation is achieved through a series of edge collapse operations, which uses regional structural constraints and local geometric error metrics to handle planar and non-planar areas respectively. The proposed method preserves the mesh structure with meaningful levels of detail while reducing the number of faces. The effectiveness of this method is evaluated on various building models generated from different observation scales, and the performance is validated by extensive comparisons to state-of-the-art techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Dymium: A modular microsimulation modelling framework for integrated urban modelling
- Author
-
Amarin Siripanich and Taha Hossein Rashidi
- Subjects
Microsimulation ,Urban modelling ,Life-course ,R package ,Computer software ,QA76.75-76.765 - Abstract
Dymium is a microsimulation framework written in R for integrated urban modelling. It aims to solve technical challenges faced by microsimulation modellers and make the approach more accessible to a broad range of users. With numerous packages that are available for free in R, including Dymium, all the stages – data preparation, microsimulation, calibration, and model validation – in building a microsimulation model can be done effectively under one programming environment. Although we developed the framework for modelling urban systems, i.e., demography, firmography and transport modelling, it has all necessary functionalities that can be readily adopted for other contexts.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. An urban modelling framework for climate resilience in low-resource neighbourhoods
- Author
-
Ulrike Passe, Michael Dorneich, Caroline Krejci, Diba Malekpour Koupaei, Breanna Marmur, Linda Shenk, Jacklin Stonewall, Janette Thompson, and Yuyu Zhou
- Subjects
cities ,heat stress ,microclimate ,neighbourhood ,occupancy data ,overheating ,urban modelling ,vulnerability ,Architectural engineering. Structural engineering of buildings ,TH845-895 - Abstract
Climate predictions indicate a strong likelihood of more frequent, intense heat events. Resource-vulnerable, low-income neighbourhood populations are likely to be strongly impacted by future climate change, especially with respect to an energy burden. In order to identify existing and new vulnerabilities to climate change, local authorities need to understand the dynamics of extreme heat events at the neighbourhood level, particularly to identify those people who are adversely affected. A new comprehensive framework is presented that integrates human and biophysical data: occupancy/behaviour, building energy use, future climate scenarios and near-building microclimate projections. The framework is used to create an urban energy model for a low-resource neighbourhood in Des Moines, Iowa, US. Data were integrated into urban modelling interface ('umi') software simulations, based on detailed surveys of residents’ practices, their buildings and near-building microclimates (tree canopy effects, etc.). The simulations predict annual and seasonal building energy use in response to different climate scenarios. Preliminary results, based on 50 simulation runs with different variable combinations, indicate the importance of using locally derived building occupant schedules and point toward increased summer cooling demand and increased vulnerability for parts of the population. 'Practice relevance' To support planning responses to increased heat, local authorities need to ascertain which neighbourhoods will be negatively impacted in order to develop appropriate strategies. Localised data can provide good insights into the impacts of human decisions and climate variability in low-resource, vulnerable urban neighbourhoods. A new detailed modelling framework synthesises data on occupant–building interactions with present and future urban climate characteristics. This identifies the areas most vulnerable to extreme heat using future climate projections and community demographics. Cities can use this framework to support decisions and climate-adaptation responses, especially for low-resource neighbourhoods. Fine-grained and locally collected data influence the outcome of combined urban energy simulations that integrate human–building interactions and occupancy schedules as well as microclimate characteristics influenced by nearby vegetation.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Multi-level Cellular Automata-based housing allocation model for small cities in developing countries: a case study of Kasba-Tadla city, in Morocco
- Author
-
Younous Lahboub, El Mostafa Bachaoui, Abderrazak El Harti, and Abderrahmane El Ghmari
- Subjects
geoprospective ,cellular automata ,irregular grid ,urban modelling ,housing allocation ,multi-level modelling ,small cities ,developing countries ,informal housing ,Urban renewal. Urban redevelopment ,HT170-178 ,Economic growth, development, planning ,HD72-88 - Abstract
Small cities in developing countries are under a set of transitions that imperil their sustainability and whose repercussions can reach the international level. Therefore, local decision-makers need specific geoprospective urban models to seek alternative pathways. This paper presents a housing allocation model, designed to meet the context of small cities in developing countries. It is a multi-level Cellular Automata that relies on a new apprehension of urbanisation process, implemented through raster irregular grid with time-step variation. The model application to reconstruct housing dynamics in Kasba-Tadla city in Morocco, between 1999 and 2016, confirmed its ability to mimic well the spatio-temporal allocation of housing settlements. The obtained results showed that the spatial allocation of informal settlements is not anarchic, but driven by flexible rules, and also revealed Kasba-Tadla city could have better negotiated the after ‘Arab Spring’ urban transformations if local decision-makers had foreknowledge.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Urban signals in high-resolution weather and climate simulations: role of urban land-surface characterisation.
- Author
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Hertwig, Denise, Grimmond, Sue, Hendry, Margaret A., Saunders, Beth, Wang, Zhengda, Jeoffrion, Marine, Vidale, Pier Luigi, McGuire, Patrick C., Bohnenstengel, Sylvia I., Ward, Helen C., and Kotthaus, Simone
- Subjects
- *
HEAT flux , *NUMERICAL weather forecasting , *GREEN roofs , *CLIMATOLOGY , *EDDY flux , *LAND cover - Abstract
Two urban schemes within the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) are evaluated offline against multi-year flux observations in the densely built-up city centre of London and in suburban Swindon (UK): (i) the 1-tile slab model, used in climate simulations; (ii) the 2-tile canopy model MORUSES (Met Office–Reading Urban Surface Exchange Scheme), used for numerical weather prediction over the UK. Offline, both models perform better at the suburban site, where differences between the urban schemes are less pronounced due to larger vegetation fractions. At both sites, the outgoing short- and longwave radiation is more accurately represented than the turbulent heat fluxes. The seasonal variations of model skill are large in London, where the sensible heat flux in autumn and winter is strongly under-predicted if the large city centre magnitudes of anthropogenic heat emissions are not represented. The delayed timing of the sensible heat flux in the 1-tile model in London results in large negative bias in the morning. The partitioning of the urban surface into canyon and roof in MORUSES improves this as the roof tile is modelled with a very low thermal inertia, but phase and amplitude of the grid box-averaged flux critically depend on accurate knowledge of the plan-area fractions of streets and buildings. Not representing non-urban land cover (e.g. vegetation, inland water) in London results in severely under-predicted latent heat fluxes. Control runs demonstrate that the skill of both models can be greatly improved by providing accurate land cover and morphology information and using representative anthropogenic heat emissions, which is essential if the model output is intended to inform integrated urban services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. CONFUSION OF GOALS -- RETHINKING THE IMPLICATION OF DATA ANALYTICS AND MODELLING FOR URBAN PLANNING AND DESIGN INDUSTRY.
- Author
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WAN Li and YIN Luoyi
- Abstract
Inspired by the fast take-up of data analytics and modelling in urban planning and design in Chinese cities, this paper aims to address a serious knowledge gap in terms of using data to deliver better policy outcomes rather than technical outputs. Such a knowledge gap is discussed in the wider context of smart city development where technology deployment failed to deliver the expected policy benefits. Lessons thus can be, and should be, learnt from early experiments to prevent the data revolution in planning and design in Chinese cities from repeating the same failure. One of the key arguments is that, in order to leverage the potential power of data and analytics for the urban planning and design industry, a wider theoretical framework is required for rethinking the core role as well as core competence of the planning profession in China. It entails a diversion from the purely technical discourse and the disciplinary / professional silos, towards a socio-technical perspective. A series of propositions are proposed to evoke more critical discussion about the digital agenda for urban planning and design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. A modelling study on quantifying the impact of urbanization and regional effects on the wintertime surface temperature over a rapidly-growing tropical city
- Author
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Nandini, Gopinath, Vinoj, V., Sethi, Soumya Satyakanta, Nayak, H. P., Landu, Kiranmayi, Swain, D., and Mohanty, U. C.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Dispersion and Radiation Modelling in ESTE System Using Urban LPM
- Author
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Fojciková, Ľudovít Lipták, Peter Čarný, Michal Marčišovský, Mária Marčišovská, Miroslav Chylý, and Eva
- Subjects
Lagrangian particle model ,urban modelling ,CBRN events ,emergency response ,Joint Urban 2003 Experiment - Abstract
In cases of accidental or deliberate incidents involving a harmful agent in urban areas, a detailed modelling approach is required to include the building shapes and spatial locations. Simultaneously, when applied to crisis management, a simulation tool must meet strict time constraints. This work presents a Lagrangian particle model (LPM) for computing atmospheric dispersion. The model is implemented in the nuclear decision support system ESTE CBRN, a software tool developed to calculate the atmospheric dispersion of airborne hazardous materials and radiological impacts in the built-up area. The implemented LPM is based on Thomson’s solution for the nonstationary, three-dimensional Langevin equation model for turbulent diffusion. The simulation results are successfully analyzed by testing compatibility with Briggs sigma functions in the case of continuous release. The implemented LPM is compared with the Joint Urban 2003 Street Canyon Experiment for instantaneous puff releases. We compare the maximum concentrations and peak times measured during two intensive operational periods. The modeled peak times are mostly 10–20% smaller than the measured. Except for a few detector locations, the maximum concentrations are reproduced consistently. In the end, we demonstrate via calculation on single computers utilizing general-purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPGPU) that the implementation is well suited for an actual emergency response since the computational times (including dispersion and dose calculation) for an acceptable level of result accuracy are similar to the modeled event duration itself.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. A Stochastic Method for the Generation of Optimized Building Layouts Respecting Urban Regulations
- Author
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He, Shuang, Perret, Julien, Brasebin, Mickaël, Brédif, Mathieu, Balram, Shivanand, Series editor, Dragicevic, Suzana, Series editor, Harvey, Francis, editor, and Leung, Yee, editor
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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