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This research focuses on the changes experienced in urban legislation as of 2020. Period where national governments had to simultaneously confront health problems and pre-existing urban dysfunctionalities. This is a descriptive study outlining the landscape of emerging urban policies. It focuses on visible changes at the Latin American level

Le città, in particolare in Europa e Nordamerica, stanno affrontando un cambio di paradigma dalla città del nuovo - costruita attraverso espansioni massive - alla città del riuso - basata su modifiche progressive. Con la deindustrializzazione, i cambiamenti negli stili di vita e l'obsolescenza del patrimonio urbano, si sta rafforzando l'uso di strumenti di pianificazione volti a trasformare il tessuto urbano esistente. Obiettivo di questo articolo è esplorare il ruolo dei codici urbani in processi di trasformazione della città ordinaria. Attraverso il caso studio di Torino, si indagano la forma e la stratificazione delle regole urbane, l'intreccio tra strumenti di coding e zoning e gli effetti del sistema regolativo sulla morfologia della città, fornendo suggerimenti per agire sugli strumenti di pianificazione.

In un momento storico in cui le città europee sono teatro di modifiche progressive piuttosto che di massive espansioni, acquista importanza il ruolo della disciplina dell'attività edilizia e delle forme di regolazione che agiscono sulle trasformazioni ordinarie. Questo contributo mira a esplorare gli esiti di uno di questi strumenti - la legge n. 106/2011. Lo studio offre una mappatura delle trasformazioni edilizie attuate, o approvate, tramite questa legge a Torino fino al 2019. L'obiettivo è comprendere il rapporto tra le intenzioni espresse dallo strumento regolativo e i suoi effetti sullo spazio della città: l'analisi dei tipi di intervento, del cambiamento di destinazioni d'uso e superfici di ogni trasformazione è messa in relazione con le modifiche volumetriche, per studiare gli esiti morfologici delle pratiche private di trasformazione e il loro ruolo nel processo di ‘produzione di città'. Parole chiave: trasformazione urbana; morfologia urbana; codici urbani

This contribution is part of a PhD research. The study investigates the factors related to the vitality of street life in Brazilian cities. To what extent play urban form a part in forging the vitality of street life and why? What is the impact of the urban planning regime on the relation between urban form and vitality? That second factor will be further explored in this paper. Our research question is: to what extent have space syntax contributions been extensively identified and classified so that planning codes of a city can make practical use of them? In other words, is it possible to have a shared language between space syntax and urban planning codes? The initial case study in this research is the city of Recife in the northeast of Brazil, a city that has been extensively discussed in previous space syntax symposia. The first part of the article reveals the spatial parameters commonly regulated in the planning instruments of Recife. In a second part, space syntax theory and methods developed for microscale analysis are used to describe the transformations in the urban environment. That part investigates the impact of the utilisation of the current municipal rules and the possible effects related to urban vitality. Once again, this study will focus on the building frontage and nearby spaces. Finally, a discussion to what extent the space syntax research results and convergences can be decoded into the language used in planning instruments is appropriate. As it turns out, there is a need to develop an operational conceptual framework accessible for planners. In short, this study presents contributions to the formulation of urban norms.

This contribution is part of a PhD research. The study investigates the factors related to the vitality of street life in Brazilian cities. To what extent play urban form a part in forging the vitality of street life and why? What is the impact of the urban planning regime on the relation between urban form and vitality? That second factor will be further explored in this paper. Our research question is: to what extent have space syntax contributions been extensively identified and classified so that planning codes of a city can make practical use of them? In other words, is it possible to have a shared language between space syntax and urban planning codes? The initial case study in this research is the city of Recife in the northeast of Brazil, a city that has been extensively discussed in previous space syntax symposia. The first part of the article reveals the spatial parameters commonly regulated in the planning instruments of Recife. In a second part, space syntax theory and methods developed for microscale analysis are used to describe the transformations in the urban environment. That part investigates the impact of the utilisation of the current municipal rules and the possible effects related to urban vitality. Once again, this study will focus on the building frontage and nearby spaces. Finally, a discussion to what extent the space syntax research results and convergences can be decoded into the language used in planning instruments is appropriate. As it turns out, there is a need to develop an operational conceptual framework accessible for planners. In short, this study presents contributions to the formulation of urban norms.

Los huertos urbanos empiezan a adquirir importancia en el Estado español en los últimos años. Sin embargo, no se han superado las dificultades para su reconocimiento legal, especialmente en el caso de los huertos comunitarios, perpetuándose la inseguridad y precariedad de las iniciativas. El análisis comparativo de la regulación de la agricultura urbana (definida en leyes, planeamiento y otros instrumentos) en ciudades occidentales, nos permite identificar los procesos y herramientas operativas que han sido útiles en otros países y que podrían adaptarse a las peculiaridades de nuestro planeamiento. Para ello es necesario un compromiso municipal más fuerte y un reconocimiento de las múltiples potencialidades de la agricultura urbana. Los tímidos avances que se han realizado por el momento no se encuentran a la altura del marco normativo desarrollado en otros países. Urban agriculture is beginning to gain importance in Spain. Nevertheless there are several difficulties for its recognition in municipal regulation, especially regarding community gardens. This perpetuates the insecurity and precariousness of these projects. Comparative analysis of urban agriculture regulation (as defined in law, urban planning, zoning codes, and other legal instruments) in western cities, has allowed us to identify operational tools and processes that work in other countries and can be adapted to Spanish urban planning. This requires a wider municipal commitment, and recognition of the potential of urban agriculture. Tentative progress are not up to par with another countries regulating framework development.

Los huertos urbanos empiezan a adquirir importancia en el Estado español en los últimos años. Sin embargo, no se han superado las dificultades para su reconocimiento legal, especialmente en el caso de los huertos comunitarios, perpetuándose la inseguridad y precariedad de las iniciativas. El análisis comparativo de la regulación de la agricultura urbana (definida en leyes, planeamiento y otros instrumentos) en ciudades occidentales, nos permite identificar los procesos y herramientas operativas que han sido útiles en otros países y que podrían adaptarse a las peculiaridades de nuestro planeamiento. Para ello es necesario un compromiso municipal más fuerte y un reconocimiento de las múltiples potencialidades de la agricultura urbana. Los tímidos avances que se han realizado por el momento no se encuentran a la altura del marco normativo desarrollado en otros países. Urban agriculture is beginning to gain importance in Spain. Nevertheless there are several difficulties for its recognition in municipal regulation, especially regarding community gardens. This perpetuates the insecurity and precariousness of these projects. Comparative analysis of urban agriculture regulation (as defined in law, urban planning, zoning codes, and other legal instruments) in western cities, has allowed us to identify operational tools and processes that work in other countries and can be adapted to Spanish urban planning. This requires a wider municipal commitment, and recognition of the potential of urban agriculture. Tentative progress are not up to par with another countries regulating framework development.

Initially composed by specific people but becoming anonymous in time, the folk song is based on the performance of folk poetry with a particular melody. The concept of performance, used in the very definition of folk song, requires a direct contact between the performer and the audience. Yet, today this context of performance in respect to the folk song genre seems to have veritably changed both in terms of musicality and performer-audience relationship. The main facets of this transformation are: the use of variant musical backgrounds, different singing styles and the new performance medium, namely television. The last aspect of this change, that is the new medium, makes the folk song reach a much wider audience, yet in a more indirect manner than before. Hence, this article discusses the new cultural context of the folk song through music videos, and points out to the fact that the traditional elements of the genre in question are today reproduced, in accordance with the expectation of the masses, in urban communication codes and in visual representations mainly based on stories.

This review article discusses form-based planning an din details analise the following books: Stepehn Marshall (2012) Urban Coding and Planning (Routledge, New York, USA, 272pp. pISBN 1135689202). Emily Talen (2012) City Rules: How Regulations Affects Urban Form (Island Press, Washington DC, USA, 254 pp. ISBN 9781597266925). Richard Tomlinson (2012) Australia’s Unintended Cities: the Impact of Housing on Urban Development (CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia, 194pp. ISBN 9780643103771). The history of the city has been written and rewritten many times: the seminal works of Benevolo (1980) and Mumford (1989) reconstruct how settlements, particularly their urban form, have changed over centuries. Rowe and Koetter (1978), Kostof (1991, 1992), Krier (2003), and Rossi and Eisenmann (1982) address instead the components that shape the urban environment: the architect can aggregate and manipulate squares, streets, parks and public buildings to control urban design. Generally these studies aim to reveal the secret of the traditional city in contraposition to the contemporary townscape characterized by planning and zoning, which are generally regarded as problematic and sterile (Woodward, 2013). The ‘secret rules’ that have shaped our cities have a bearing on the relationship of spaces, mixed uses, public environments and walkability (Walters, 2011)...