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The Chinese population is aging rapidly while both the pension system is underdeveloped and the traditional family care arrangement is in retreat. This article's objective is to assess the relationship between concerns over retirement saving sufficiency and the mental health status of middle-aged and older Chinese adults, and identify the socioeconomic and demographic profile of those with insufficient retirement savings. A survey from about 2000 respondents collected information on self-assessed physical and mental health status based on the EQ-5D-5L framework, self-assessed longevity, retirement plans and financial preparedness and socioeconomic status. Multivariate ordered logistic regressions are used to identify the relationship between mental health status, financial preparedness for retirement and self-assessed longevity, as well as socioeconomic factors associated with mental health status and financial preparedness for retirement respectively. It is found that 59% of the respondents thought that they have not saved, or will not be able to save enough for their retirement. For these people, the odds of having less anxiety or depression are 0.36 (95% CIs: 0.16–0.43) times lower than those who are financially prepared. Having more external sources of financial assistance including family and governments, did not help ease mental distress. Rural people are half as likely to be financially prepared for retirement, regardless of whether they remain in rural areas or migrate to cities. Health promotion strategies should consider the role for financial planning in improving mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the differences in prevalence and risk factors associated geriatric depressive symptoms between urban and rural elderly. Methods: A total of 599 participants (388 urban and 211 rural elderly residents in Bengbu) aged 60 years and older were assessed for depressive symptoms by the 10-item short form of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD10, with a cutoff score of ≥10). Factors associated with depressive symptoms were examined by self-made questionnaires about demographic characteristics, economics, physical condition, life style. Results: The rates of depressive symptoms were significantly lower in urban when compared to the rural area (17.5% vs. 37. 4%, P <0.001).Being female, general satisfaction with living arrangement, poorer economic conditions, worse self-rated physical health, more past illnesses, poorer daily behavior, less social activities were the risk factors of depressive symptoms among urban elderly ( OR = 3.24, 2. 82, 7.12, 4. 61,4. 08, 3. 88, 3. 04), while general satisfaction with living arrangement, poorer economic conditions, worse self-rated physical health, poorer self-care ability were the risk factors of depressive symptoms among rural elderly (OR =3. 66,11. 23,4. 72, 3. 25). Conclusion : There are differences between urban and rural areas in depressive symptoms of elderly people in Bengbu region. Rural elderly have higher prevalence of depressive symptoms, while more risks factors associated with depressive symptoms happen to urban elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data from the World Values Survey and AmericasBarometer are used in ordinal logistic models to evaluate life satisfaction in rural and urban areas in Latin America. Our findings indicate that, unlike the United States, in Latin America there is no evidence of rural–urban happiness differences. In Latin America familism is the key driving force, aspatial and transcending location. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the basis of comparison of urban and rural areas, distance and nationality, this paper analyzes characteristics of farmer tourism market in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture. There is a distinct difference in tourism of urban and rural residents. The tourism difference between outer suburban and inner suburban farmers is mainly manifested in organizational ways, travel distance, travel destination, and amount of consumption. Nationality difference is mainly shown in selection of means of transportation, length of travel time, and amount of consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Summary: Internationally accepted social work values are based on ideas about rights, social justice and equitable resource distribution. Does social work education in China embody similar values? Are these values influenced by culture and the current political/economic environment? The research posed three questions. Do social work students studying in metropolitan China support humanitarian welfare values? Are values affected by demographic backgrounds? Does social work education enhance humanitarian values? A self-administered, standardized questionnaire was distributed in 26 classes of social work students studying in seven universities in Beijing and Shanghai (n = 1328).• Findings: Students do not support humanitarian welfare values strongly; and a decrease in these values was observed in senior students. Significant differences in values were found based on gender and on rural/urban origins. Female students were more likely to agree with humanitarian value statements; rural and urban students tended to agree more with values from which they had potential to benefit.• Applications: Social work knowledge and skills rather than values maybe more immediately relevant to Chinese society. However, independent professional practitioners need a solid foundation of professional values to inform practice and standardize the social work role. There needs to be an ongoing debate in China involving social work educators and practitioners about values and their relation to Chinese society, the ways in which they are influenced by non-Chinese cultures; and how to infuse these consistently into social work curricula in Chinese universities. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Meeting the physical activity (PA) and recreational screen time recommendations for children and young people is associated with several health benefits. The purpose of this study was to compare the odds of meeting PA and recreational screen time recommendations between the Canadian youth living in urban versus rural communities. We analyzed nationally representative cross-sectional data collected as part of the 2017-2018 cycles of the Canadian Community Health Survey among young people aged 12-17 years. PA and screen time were self-reported. Sex-specific multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds of meeting individual and combined PA and recreational screen time recommendations by rural and urban status after adjusting for individual, socioeconomic, and seasonal covariates. The odds of meeting the PA recommendation were not statistically significantly different among males (OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.86-1.18) or females (OR 1.05, 95% CI: 0.99-1.11) living in urban versus rural communities. The odds of meeting the recreational screen time recommendations were statistically significantly lower among male (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.65-0.77) and female (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.59-0.86) youth living in urban compared to those in rural communities. The odds of meeting the combined PA and screen time recommendations were statistically significantly lower among urban males (OR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.71-0.81) but not females (OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.58-1.15) than those from rural communities. These findings suggest that residential context (i.e., urban versus rural) may have a differential impact on meeting the combined PA and screen time recommendations among the male and female Canadian youth. Future research should investigate these differences using device-based measures.