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Copyright of Polish Otorhinolaryngological Review / Polski Przegląd Otorynolaryngologiczny (Index Copernicus) is the property of Index Copernicus International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Medical Rehabilitation / Rehabilitacja Medyczna is the property of Medical Rehabilitation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background. The aim of the study was to find out the influence of excess copper and zinc ions in drinking water on the bile-forming and bile-secreting functions of the liver in the conditions of mechanical trauma and the effectiveness of the antidote therapy. Material and methods. The experiments were performed on 60 Wistar strain male rats weighing 180-200 g. There were 3 groups of experimental animals in the experiment: 1 group - only skeletal trauma was simulated; 2 group - a skeletal injury was simulated and zinc and copper salts were administered; 3 group - skeletal trauma + zinc and copper salts followed by Unithiol treatment. Results. In the late period of traumatic illness (14-28 days), after a severe skeletal injury, the intensity of bromsulfalein increased in the liver tissue, and there were signs of increased formation of direct bilirubin in terms of additional intake of copper and zinc ions. The animals with severe skeletal trauma were accompanied by a significant deterioration in the functional state of the liver in comparison to the animals with similar skeletal trauma without additional intoxication. Conclusions. Under conditions of additional intake of copper and zinc ions (in the 2nd group), after 14 days and 28 days of observation, all the studied indicators are much higher than in the group of the animals without additional intoxication with these ions. The use of Unithiol reduced the toxic effect of copper and zinc ions on the studied indicators of the functional state of the liver both in the early and late period of the traumatic disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental Medicine / Medycyna Srodowiskowa is the property of Witold Chodzki Institute of Rural Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dental Forum is the property of Dental Forum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim of the research: The aim of the research was to express knowledge of the role of ties (relations) between mental factors such as trust in one's own possibilities of coping with pain and availing of the active strategies of coping with stress, while also the degree of readiness to limit stress with the aid of the use of alcohol. Material and methods: The research covered a group of 38 demobilized anti-terrorist operation (ATO) participants (men, 21-56 years) undergoing treatment and rehabilitation in the hospital. A measurement was conducted with the aid of certified psychological questionnaires and from medical documentation. Results: A correlation was found between the active strategy of coping with the stress felt and the strategy of coping with pain of the internal control of pain (ICS) type - internal control of pain (r = 0.71; p < 0.05), as well as a negative correlation between the readiness to utilize stimulants with the aim of easing stress and the strategy of coping with pain of the ICS type (r = -0.58; p < 0.05). Conclusions: The ways of coping with stress and pain by the hospitalized participants of combat action may be significant factors (of a psychological nature) that have an impact on their readiness to undertake behaviour that is significant for their health (such as alcohol and others) with the aim of reducing the symptoms of nervous tension felt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Paediatrics & Family Medicine / Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna is the property of Medical Communications Sp. z o.o. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Congestion and unnecessary tests in Emergency Departments are a serious problem, leading to long waiting times and delays in providing care. Aim of the research: In the present study, the necessity of routine laboratory tests that were ordered for trauma patients in an Emergency Department are evaluated. Material and methods: Patients' physical and clinical condition along with frequency and results of the routine tests requested were recorded. All patients were followed up to the final diagnosis. All tests were analysed in the central and emergency laboratory of the hospital. Results: A total of 340 cases completed this descriptive-cross sectional study, with a mean age of 32.77 ±12.47 years, and 71.8% were male. The most common type of trauma was car occupant (41.8%), the most common injured body region was lower extremity (36.88%), the most common clinical finding was pain (92.4%), and the most common ordered routine test was CBC; the only statistically significant relationship was between swelling (clinical finding) and biochemistry results (p = 0.034). The final diagnosis in 150 (44.1%) cases was fracture. The mean admission time was 25.09 ±8.79 h, mean hospitalisation time was 3.00 ±2.05 days, and the relationship between final diagnosis and lab results was not statistically significant. Conclusions: The findings revealed that the most frequently ordered lab tests in patients presented to our Emergency Department with major trauma is CBC, followed by PT and PTT. In addition, routine laboratory tests are not targeted; therefore, reducing unnecessary ordered lab tests may reduce health costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psoriatic arthritis is an autoimmune, chronic disease, which often leading to disability. It affects 44 thousand people in Poland and constitute 24-41% of all patients with psoriasis. Usually, psoriasis precedes the occurrence of PsA. Psoriatic arthritis symptoms are joint stiffness in the morning which disappears after physical activity and pain in joints and spine. The difference between PsA and other rheumatic diseases is tendonitis and dactylitis. The etiology of the psoriatic arthritis is not fully understood. It is suggested that the onset of PsA may be caused by genetic susceptibility, severe stress, bacterial or viral infections or mechanical trauma. For years, the impact of microtrauma and trauma on the onset of PsA has been proven in research. The aim of this study was to review the latest literature to confirm the thesis, that trauma can cause the psoriatic arthritis and to collect case reports in which trauma was the probable factor causing the PsA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zdravotnicke listy is the property of Alexander Dubcek University in Trencin, Faculty of Nursing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Methoxyflurane, an inhaled anesthetic with analgesic action at low doses, currently used in pre-hospital care and emergency medicine, resulting in rapid and effective analgesia. The drug is delivered through a special inhaler. The patient independently inhales the volatile, released methoxyflurane through the mouthpiece mixed with atmospheric air until the desired level of pain relief, usually 6-10 breaths. The study analyzed the use of methoxyflurane in 20 post-traumatic patients supplied to the Wojewódzki Szpital Chirurgii Urazowej in Piekary Śląskie, obtaining pain relief in patients and a good level of satisfaction of medical personnel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Craniofacial injuries require highly specialized interdisciplinary treatment and qualified care. Adequate therapy aims to minimize unfavorable phenomena that develop following an injury. Properly conducted treatment translates into the patient's functioning in the future and his quality of life after returning to society. The final result of the treatment depends on many processes responsible for damage to the central nervous system as opea result of the injury and after it. They include neurotransmission disorders, the effect of inflammatory response markers and cytokines on the activation of specific nervous system structures and neurodegenerative processes. Case report. In this paper, the case of a patient hospitalized in the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care presents an analysis of possible causes of neurocognitive disorders and disorders in social functioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grygierzec Ewa, Szczotka Małgorzata, Śmieciuch Ewa, Łosień Tomasz. Wpływ uprawiania sportu kajak polo na ruchomość stawu ramiennego. Badania pilotażowe = The influence of sport canoe polo on the mobility of the shoulder joint. The pilot studies. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(7):130-137. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.57295 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3667 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 25.05.2016. Revised 25.06.2016. Accepted: 28.06.2016. Wpływ uprawiania sportu kajak polo na ruchomość stawu ramiennego. Badania pilotażowe The influence of sport canoe polo on the mobility of the shoulder joint. The pilot studies Ewa Grygierzec, Małgorzata Szczotka, Ewa Śmieciuch, Tomasz Łosień Koło Naukowe Neurorehabilitacji przy Zakładzie Rehabilitacji Leczniczej Katedry Fizjoterapii Śląskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Katowicach Streszczenie: Wstęp: Kajak polo jest to gra zespołowa na wodzie, w której biorą udział dwie pięcioosobowe drużyny. Zawodnicy starając się umieścić piłkę w bramce przeciwnika poruszają się krótkimi i zwrotnymi kajakami. Piłkę w kajak polo można rzucać rękami lub wiosłem. Woda, kajaki i reguły gry zespołowej dostarczają wiele emocji i wymagają od zawodnika pełnego zaangażowania fizycznego. Założono, że ze względu na duże obciążenia treningowe i specyfikę gry w kończynach górnych może dojść do przeciążeń tkanek miękkich w obrębie obręczy barkowej. Cel pracy: Celem pracy była ocena ruchomości w obrębie stawu ramiennego z uwzględnieniem długości trenowania. Postawiono następujące pytania badawcze: 1. Czy staż treningowy w dyscyplinie sportowej kajak polo wpływa na ruchomość stawu ramiennego? 2. Czy stały trening ogranicza ruchomość we wszystkich płaszczyznach w obrębie stawu ramiennego Materiały i metody: W badaniach wzięło udział 26 osób trenujących kajak polo: 8 kajakarek, 18 kajakarzy. Wiek (M ± SD) 15,57 ± 4.63; staż treningowy 5,35 ± 2,80. Ze względu na wiek i czas specjalistycznego trenowania dokonano podziału zebranego materiału badawczego na 2 grupy badawcze. W pierwszej grupie jest siedem osób (n=7); drugiej dziewiętnaście (n=19). Średnia wieku I grupy (n=7) wynosi (M ± SD) 12,71 ± 3,37; staż treningowy 1,43 ± 0,86. Średnia wieku II grupy (n= 19) wynosi 16,63 ± 4,58; staż treningowy 6,79 ± 1,64. Do badań wykorzystano przyrząd mierniczy goniometr a uzyskane wyniki zapisano w systemie SFTR. Uzyskane wyniki opracowano statystycznie obliczając średnie arytmetyczne zakresów ruchów obu grup oraz określenie istotności zmian. Wyniki Analiza wykazała, że ruchomość w stawie ramiennym zmienia się wraz z dłuższym stażem treningowym. Grupa I z krótszym stażem treningowym w porównaniu do grupy II z dłuższym stażem treningowym wykazuje większą mobilność stawu. U grupy II zauważono w płaszczyźnie strzałkowej ograniczenie ruchu zgięcia, natomiast wyprost względem grupy I zwiększył się. Przy ruchu odwiedzenia w płaszczyźnie czołowej u grupy II obserwuje się zmniejszenie ruchomości. W płaszczyźnie horyzontalnej (u trenujących powyżej 3 lat) ograniczony jest równocześnie ruch zgięcia i wyprostu horyzontalnego. Ruchomość stawu u grupy II przy rotacji zewnętrznej wzrosła, natomiast przy rotacji wewnętrznej zmniejszyła się. Wnioski 1. Staż treningowy w dyscyplinie sportowej kajak polo wpływa na ruchomość stawu ramiennego. 2. Stały trening ma różnorodne oddziaływanie, ogranicza ruchy w płaszczyźnie poprzecznej, zgięcia w płaszczyźnie strzałkowej oraz zgięcia w płaszczyźnie horyzontalnej. Słowa kluczowe: kajak polo, sport, ruchomość, staw ramienny, uraz. Abstract Introduction: Canoe polo is a team game on the water, which involves two five-team. Players trying to put the ball in the opponent's net, they are playing in short and moveable canoes. The canoe polo ball you can throw with your hands or paddle. Water, canoes and game rules provide a lot of excitement and require the full commitment of the physical player. It was assumed that due to the overloading training and specifics of the game, in the upper extremities can lead to overload the soft tissues around the shoulder girdle. The aim of the study: The aim of the study was to assess mobility within the shoulder joint, taking into account the length train. Presented the following research questions: 1. Is long-term training in sport canoe polo affects the mobility of the shoulder joint? 2. Is constant training limited mobility in all directions of the shoulder joint? Material and methods: The study involved 26 people practicing canoe polo: 8 female canoeists, 18 male canoeists. Age (M ± SD) 15,57 ± 4.63; apprenticeship training 5,35 ± 2,80. Due to the age and time specialist training division has been collected research material on 2 research groups. In the first group there are seven people (n=7), second nineteen (n=19). The average age group I is (M ± SD) 12,71 ± 3,37; apprenticeship training 1,43 ± 0,86. The averge age group II is 16,63 ± 4,58; apprenticeship training 6,79 ± 1,64. The study used goniometer measuring instrument and the results stored in the system SFTR. The results were statistically analyzed by calculating the arithmetic mean of range movement of the two groups and determine the significance of the changes. Results: The analysis showed that the mobility of the shoulder joint changes with longer training experience. Group I with a shorter training experience compared to the group II of the long training experience has greater mobility of the joint. In Group II noted in the sagittal plane flexion is limited, while extension in compare to the group I grew. In the motion of abduction in the frontal plane of group II have reduced mobility. In the horizontal plane the flexion and extension are simultaneously limited. Joint mobility in Group II of external rotation has increased, while at the internal rotation decreased. Conclusions: 1. The apprenticeship training in their sport canoe polo affects the mobility of the shoulder joint. 2. Constant training has various impacts on shoulder joint, restricts movements in the transverse plane, flexion in sagittal plane and flexion in horizontal plane. Keywords: canoe polo, sport, mobility, shoulder joint, trauma.

Introduction. Gym exercises have become more and more popular in the recent years. Thus, it is not surprising that this form of physical activity offered by University Sports Association has become a popular choice among the university students. However, to benefit from the workout, the exercises must be performed correctly. Application of excessive loads, number of repetitions, or poor technique can cause injury, which may lead to serious physical damage. Aim. The aims were to check the quality and organization of physical activities ogranized by University Sports Association in chosen universities of the Upper Silesia. The questions asked were:1. Is there a correlation between different universities and the health control among new students at the gym?2. Does the type of university correlate with the quality of the workout?3. Is there a correlation between the type of university and the duration of the strength training?Materials and Methods. 120 students were examined, among which there were 44 women aged 17 to 24 (x=20,8;SD= 1,8) and 76 man aged 17 to 28 (x=21,8; SD= 1,9). They were university students from the following Upper Silesian universities: ŚUM, AWF, UŚ and UE, who regularly practise gym exercises organized by Academic Sports Association. An original questionnaire was created for the purpose of this study. The questions concerned participation in the gym activities, choice of exercises in context of their health predispositions, presentation of the proper technique of exercises, information about synchronization exercises with breath and quality control of performed exercises without prior request of the students. Statistical analysis was performed by a program Statistica. Results. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) demonstrated a statistically significant relation between the type of university and the health control among new students at the gym (p=0,005). ŚUM is the university where the students are the most often controlled. There is no correlation between the type of university and the quality of the training (p=0,35). The duration of strength training is not correlated with the type of university. Students of AWF Katowice spend the most time at the gym, whereas students from ŚUM Katowice spend the least.Conclusion 1. Frequency of the health control among students starting classes at the gym depends on the type of university.2. The type of university does not affect the quality of the training.3. The duration of training does not depend on the type of university.

Objectives: The purpose of the work was to analyse the type and frequency of injuries performed in the hospital emergency department. Material and methods: 1707 were patients supplied due to trauma in July and December 2017 in the Hospital Emergency Department with the General Admission Room of the Independent Public Clinical Hospital Prof. Sokołowski No. 1 PMU in Szczecin. In the retrospective study, a method of analysing medical records was applied. Results: There were 928 men (54.36%) and 779 women (45.64%) in the study group. The study showed that the season of the year did not affect the type of injuries sustained by the patients (p = 0.645). Analysis of the research material revealed a highly statistically significant relationship between the patients’ sex and type of injury (p < 0.001), age and type of injury (p < 0.001), and age and the time in which the patient reported to the emergency department (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Ankle and foot injuries as well as wrist and hand injuries were the most frequent supplies in the emergency department, and were more common in men, city dwellers, and people aged 18-30 years. The men most often suffered from head, chest, wrist, and hand injuries, while the women had mainly injuries to the shoulder, arm, forearm, ankle, and foot. Injuries to the wrist and hand as well as the ankle joint and foot were common in the young people, while the people over 60 years old were more likely to have head, chest, shoulder, and forearm injuries. More trauma patients were recorded in July (early and late afternoon). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Whole-body CT (WBCT) has become a modality of choice for early detection of injuries in polytraumatized patients. The decision to order WBCT should be based on defined criteria which can concern clinical state of a patient, mechanism of trauma or circumstances observed at the scene by doctors or paramedics and confirming a suspicion of severe trauma. Patients undergoing WBCT are exposed to a high dose of ionizing radiation so these criteria should be strictly obeyed. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical and radiological data of the patients who underwent whole-body computed tomography for suspected polytrauma in regional trauma center over 1 year period. Material and methods. Retrospective analysis of 175 patients who were examined between July 2015 and June 2016 with whole-body CT. The mechanism of trauma, the number of body regions injured and type of injuries were recorded. The severity of each injury was assessed according Abbreviated Injury Scale rules (AIS 2005 update 2008) and Injury Severity Score (ISS) for each patient was calculated as well. Results. Only 20.6% of the patients fulfilled criteria of polytrauma (injuries in two or more body regions with ISS ≥ 16). Mean ISS value in the study group of the patients was 10.99. Severe pelvic injuries (AIS ≥ 3) were statistically more frequent in vulnerable road traffic accident victims and victims of fall from height. No statistical differences were observed between groups of the patients with different trauma mechanism as it comes to distribution of injuries to body regions and mean ISS value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contribution deals with originated invalidity in persons who suffered from injury as a consequence of traffic accident. The subjects who formed the investigated cohort suffered from paralysis (partial or complete) of lower extremities and were subsequently enchained to wheelchair. The study investigated whether the health state of the patients made it possible for them to return to employment or not. The study also investigated, why these people prefer to accept invalid pension rather than to return to employment. The authors also studied, whether and how frequently these persons take advantage of opportunities to get some extra income in addition to the pension. It is no exception that a person with invalid pension enters several jobs. There are situations that person whose general health makes it possible to work, the person uses the state support and gets an invalid pension in addition to the income. It is also quite common that persons of the identical case reports, i.e. paralysis of lower extremities, face the situation quite differently. Whilst on of them returns to the job after the injury the other takes advantage of the invalid rent. In general, it is economically advantageous for these people to get salary as well as the invalid pension. In the last part of the paper it is referred to the fact that the topic of noncompulsory rehabilitation and non-rigorous verification of all possibilities, whether the person employed all variants for improvement of his/her general health and should be therefore granted the invalid pension, as it is for instance in Federal Republic of Germany. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Florence (1801-464X) is the property of Care Comm s.r.o. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background. The pancreas is an important organ responsible for metabolism, regulation of the glucose level and digestion. Pancreatic traumas are more common in children than in adults. Blunt traumatic injuries of the pancreas are the fourth most common organ injuries. Diagnosis and treatment of patients with pancreatic traumas remains a significant problem in paediatric traumatology. Material and methods. The researchers made a retrospective analysis of patients with blunt pancreatic trauma treated at the Department of Paediatric Surgery, Traumatology and Urology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poland. Diagnostic and therapeutic procedures (operative or non-operative treatment) were evaluated. The data obtained in the analysis were compared and evaluated using the methods and tools of descriptive statistics. Results. Pancreatic trauma occurred mainly in children aged 7-11 years (73%). The most frequent mechanism causing an injury was a bump by the bicycle handlebar (47%). Other causes of pancreatic injury include: traffic accidents (20%), blunt abdominal trauma (20%) and crushing (13%). 66% of the patients were classified as grade I in the AAST pancreas injury scale. All the patients underwent abdominal ultrasonography and levels of pancreatic enzymes were measured, which allowed recognition of all pancreatic injuries (100% sensitivity). Haemodynamically stable patients were treated conservatively (73%) using nutritional therapy and antibiotics (carbapenems). Total parenteral nutrition was applied to 40% of the patients. The children whose pancreatic tissue was completely severed or whose duct of Wirsung was damaged underwent surgical treatment (usually pancreatojejunostomy). Two patients developed pseudocysts, which were successfully treated by external drainage. Conclusions. Therapy should be individually adjusted to the patient's general condition, the extent of pancreatic injury, comorbidity and the availability of diagnostic and therapeutic methods. Conservative treatment is recommended to haemodynamically stable children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purtscher's retinopathy is a vision-threatening state that most frequently occurs in young or middle-aged males after head or chest injury. The main symptom reported by patients is sudden, painless deterioration of vision, which can affect one or both eyes. In most patients, the changes observed in the fundus of the eye resolve within several months and visual acuity returns to the state from before the injury. The occurrence of ischaemic changes concerning the macula or optic nerve disc may cause permanent deterioration of visual acuity. We present a case of a 43-year-old male with Purtscher's retinopathy after a traffic accident. The article discusses clinical image, aetiology and the current state of knowledge concerning the possibilities in diagnostics and treatment of Purtscher's retinopathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors present a case of a pneumatocele associated with blunt trauma in a child. An 11-year-old boy was admitted to the emergency department after he was knocked over and his chest was trapped under a soccer goal. Chest computed tomography (CT) revealed several cavities in the lobes of both lungs. The CT of the abdomen revealed traumatic laceration of the liver. The patient was treated conservatively. His condition was stable and subsequently improved. He was discharged 19 days later. After nine months, a chest radiograph showed complete resolution of the pneumatocele, and abdominal ultrasound demonstrated complete resolution of the liver hematoma. A traumatic pneumatocele is a benign lesion resulting from blunt chest trauma, usually in children and young adults, which typically requires only conservative treatment. The CT scanning is the most sensitive method for the detection of traumatic pneumatoceles. All emergency physicians should be familiar with the diagnosis and management of this condition, to avoid unnecessary invasive procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cervical spine or spinal cord injury occurs in 2-3% of trauma patients. Preventive immobilization of the cervical spine during prehospital care in trauma patients is common clinical practice because of the secondary spinal cord injury risks due to patient manipulation. The potential negative impacts of immobilization with hard cervical collar have led to the rise of the concept of selective cervical spine immobilization. Cervical immobilization of trauma patients who are (i) awake, alert, and are not intoxicated; (ii) who are without neck pain or tenderness; (iii) who do not have abnormal neurological examination; and (iv) who do not have any significant associated injury that might detract from their general evaluation, is not recommended. On the other hand, if any of the above four criteria is present, immobilization of the cervical spine is indicated. Spinal immobilization in patients with penetrating trauma is not recommended because of the increased mortality due to delayed resuscitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autorzy przedstawiają klasyfikację, objawy i metody diagnostyczne urazów nerek. Urazy te mogą zagrażać życiu, jednak większość z nich ma łagodny przebieg i można je leczyć zachowawczo. Aż 75% pacjentów, u których stwier‑ dzono uszkodzenia nerek, to mężczyźni. Grupę szczególnie narażoną stanowią młodzi mężczyźni uprawiający sport, uczestnicy wypadków drogowych, ofiary wypadków w domu lub w miejscu pracy, ofiary bójek i napadów. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że objawami urazu nerek mogą być: krwiomocz, bóle i zasinienia w okolicach lędźwiowych, złamania żeber, napięty brzuch. Wyróżnia się urazy tępe i penetrujące oraz pięciostopniową klasyfi‑ kację urazów nerek według stopnia odniesionych obrażeń – AAST. Klasyfikacja ta pozwala na dokonanie pewnej standaryzacji różnych grup pacjentów i wyboru właściwej terapii oraz stwarza możliwość przewidywania wyników leczenia. Mechanizm urazu, jego umiejscowienie i ciężkość stanowią podstawowe wytyczne w wyborze metod dia‑ gnostycznych oraz postępowania leczniczego. Niezbędnym elementem diagnostyki urazu jamy brzusznej z podej‑ rzeniem uszkodzenia nerek jest wykonanie badań obrazowych. Wśród badań obrazowych mających zastosowanie w diagnostyce urazów układu moczowo-płciowego oraz nerek należy wymienić: ultrasonografię, tomografię kom‑ puterową, urografię, angiografię i arteriografię. Tomografia komputerowa jamy brzusznej z dożylnym podaniem środka cieniującego stanowi złoty standard w diagnostyce urazów nerek. Przy braku dostępności tomografii kom‑ puterowej zalecane jest wykonanie ultrasonografii jako badania pierwszego rzutu.

Budowa anatomiczna układu moczowo-płciowego naraża go na liczne urazy mechaniczne. Grupę szczególnie wysokiego ryzyka stanowią młodzi mężczyźni uprawiający sport, uczestnicy wypadków drogowych, ofiary wypad‑ ków w domu lub w miejscu pracy. Autorzy omawiają postępowanie zachowawcze i operacyjne po urazach nerek. Wyróżnia się urazy tępe i penetrujące oraz pięciostopniową klasyfikację urazów nerek według stopnia odniesionych obrażeń – AAST. Klasyfikacja ta pozwala na dokonanie pewnej standaryzacji różnych grup pacjentów i wyboru właściwej terapii oraz stwarza możliwość przewidywania wyników leczenia. Choć w przeważającej liczbie przypad‑ ków urazy nerek są leczone zachowawczo, dość często konieczna jest interwencja chirurgiczna. Wskazaniami do leczenia operacyjnego są: hemodynamiczna niestabilność, konieczność weryfikacji operacyjnej urazów towarzy‑ szących, powiększający się lub pulsujący okołonerkowy krwiak stwierdzony podczas laparotomii, V stopień urazu. Pacjenci z poważnym urazem nerki powinni być poddawani niezbędnym badaniom kontrolnym w celu określenia zakresu urazu i wprowadzenia stosownego leczenia. Ponadto zaleca się im podjęcie kontroli długoterminowych. Współczesne algorytmy postępowania, zwłaszcza skala AAST, preferują zachowawcze leczenie tępych urazów nerek. Urazy I–III stopnia leczone są zwykle zachowawczo, w przypadku urazów IV i V stopnia wymagana jest eks‑ ploracja chirurgiczna. Leczenie zachowawcze urazów I–III stopnia nie niesie ze sobą ryzyka późnych powikłań. Urazy nerkowo-naczyniowe V stopnia są traktowane jako absolutne wskazanie do leczenia chirurgicznego.

Copyright of Pediatrie pro Praxi is the property of SOLEN sro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Medicina Sportiva Bohemica et Slovaca is the property of Ceska spolecnost telovychovneho lekarstvi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

External blunt or penetrating laryngeal traumas with larynx cartilaginous framework fractures are a rare type of injury because the larynx is well protected by surrounding structures. We report the case of a 58-year-old female teacher with a gunshot wound to the neck and a multi-fragmentation fracture of the thyroid cartilage. The technique used in emergency surgery to restore the larynx, methods of maintaining airway patency and treatment in larynx injuries are presented. If surgery is conducted on time the anatomy of the larynx can be successfully restored, and it is possible to achieve good functional outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Injuries are since many years a leading cause of death worldwide. Analysis of deaths shows that injuries are the first cause of deaths in patients aged 16-24 years and the fourth cause of death in all age groups. In Polish conditions, they are third and fourth cause of death and disability, respectively. Untreated pain appearing as a result injury and accompanying the hospitalization in the intensive care unit is an independent negative prognostic factor. In article we present commonly used methods of pain management in adult trauma patients in the intensive care unit settings with consideration of chronic post-traumatic pain and analgosedation monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Medicina Sportiva Bohemica et Slovaca is the property of Ceska spolecnost telovychovneho lekarstvi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A 27-year-old woman sustained a blunt chest trauma after a car accident. Computed tomography revealed tension pneumopericardium, bilateral pneumothorax, and a suspected rupture of the left main bronchus. Emergent pericardial needle aspiration was successfully performed. Bronchial amputation was confirmed by bronchofiberoscopy. Despite total detachment of the distal part of the bronchial tree, the ventilation of the left lung was maintained without air leakage by use of pleural drains. Bronchial obturation resulted from the injury, and was effectively treated by bronchoscopic sputum suction at the distal end of the bronchus. Finally, the patient underwent a left thoracotomy with an end-to-end bronchial anastomosis. The patient was discharged home on the 32nd day after the trauma, and no complications were recorded during a 3-month follow-up period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thoracic injuries may be the result of blunt or penetrating trauma. Blunt trauma distributes the force acting on the body over a large area. Internal organs damage occurs most often as a result of sudden deceleration, congeal forces, crush or explosive mechanism. In penetrating trauma, usually after gunshots or stabs, force spreads in a small area. Projectile flight is often unpredictable, therefore every organ of the chest and abdominal cavity may be threatened. Main task of ballistic vest is to stop projectile and reduce the harmful effects of kinetic energy on the body. Regardless of using individual protection equipment, paramedic always should be very suspicious in relation to specific injuries. The main consequence of the injury is associated damage to the respiratory system and hemodynamic function. Majority of intrathoracic injuries may occur without noticeable external damage. Damage recognition should be based on patient's examination and prediction of consequences arising from the mechanism of injury. Many deaths can be avoided by recognizing the life threatening condition and rapid implementation of simple therapeutic procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim of the study: Analysis of the frequency and characteristics of injuries in women depending on their menopausal status. Material and methods: The retrospective study included 1362 women treated in the Copernicus Memorial Hospital in Lodz in 2011 because of the injury. The population was divided according to the menopausal status: women of the reproductive age (group I), women in the peri-menopausal period (group II) and postmenopausal women (group III). The analysis included the time of injury, its type and cause, duration of hospitalization, and mortality. Results: The most common trauma in the examined women were head injuries. The groups differed in terms of the causes of injury. Postmenopausal women were hospitalized significantly longer than women in the reproductive age (p < 0.001) and in the peri-menopausal period (p < 0.001). They were also characterized by the highest mortality. Conclusions: The physiological changes in women’s body, related to their menopausal status are reflected in the characteristics of injuries occurring in different periods of life. Differences in trauma causes were observed – in women of the reproductive age, the most common causes were traffic accidents while in those in peri- and postmenopausal periods – same-level falls. It may be associated with the fact that in peri- and postmenopausal women falls may result in low-energy osteoporotic fractures needing hospitalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tranexamic acid can reduce bleeding in patients undergoing elective surgery. We assessed the effects of early administration of a short course of tranexamic acid on death, vascular occlusive events, and the receipt of blood transfusion in trauma patients. Methods: This randomised controlled trial was undertaken in 274 hospitals in 40 countries. 20,211 adult trauma patients with, or at risk of, significant bleeding were randomly assigned within 8 h of injury to either tranexamic acid (loading dose 1 g over 10 min then infusion of 1 g over 8 h) or matching placebo. Randomisation was balanced by centre, with an allocation sequence based on a block size of eight, generated with a computer random number generator. Both participants and study staff (site investigators and trial coordinating centre staff) were blinded to treatment allocation. The primary outcome was death in hospital within 4 weeks of injury, and was described with the following categories: bleeding, vascular occlusion (myocardial infarction, stroke and pulmonary embolism), multiorgan failure, head injury, and other. All analyses were by intention to treat. This study is registered as ISRCTN86750102, Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00375258, and South African Clinical Trial Register DOH-27-0607-1919. Findings: Total 10,096 patients were allocated to tranexamic acid and 10,115 to placebo, of whom 10,060 and 10,067, respectively, were analysed. All-cause mortality was significantly reduced with tranexamic acid (1,463 [14.5%] in the tranexamic acid group vs 1,613 [16.0%] in the placebo group; relative risk 0.91, 95% CI 0.85-0.97; p = 0.0035). The risk of death due to bleeding was significantly reduced (489 [4.9%] vs 5.74 [5.7%]; relative risk 0.85, 95% CI 0.76-0.96; p = 0.0077). Interpretation: Tranexamic acid safely reduced the risk of death in bleeding trauma patients in this study. On the basis of these results, tranexamic acid should be considered for use in bleeding trauma patients. Funding: UK NIHR Health Technology Assessment programme, Pfizer, BUPA Foundation, and J P Moulton Charitable Foundation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the case of a 13.5-year-old girl who was admitted to the Pediatric Surgery Department from the Pediatric Department of a district hospital, where she stayed because of stomachache and vomiting. Interview revealed blunt injury of the epigastrium a week ago. Chest X-ray revealed a loss of the right diaphragmatic outline, irregular radiolucency on the right side of the chest, collapsed right lung and mediastinal displacement to the left. The patient was operated on, and the surgery revealed herniation of the intestines and half of the stomach into the defect of the right dome of the diaphragm. The patient made an uneventful postoperative recovery. A small innate defect of the diaphragm can remain asymptomatic and undiagnosed as long as there is no herniation of the abdominal organs into the chest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]