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Desulfurization as a pre-treatment technique, of the transportation fuel is peremptory both for upgrading fuel quality for commercial exploitation and reducing the outflow of poisonous sulfur compounds for environmental remediation. This article encompasses the applications of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) for the desulfurization of transportation fuels. This composite membrane system synergizes viable processability of the polymers and enhanced selectivity of different incorporated fillers. Hence it offers increased thermal stability, mechanical strength, excellent separation, and purification performance over traditional polymeric and inorganic membranes. These composite materials are widely studied for their potential applications in sensing, catalysis, water purification, gas separation, and adsorption. Herein, different types of MMMs with respect to fillers, chemical compositions and fabrication methods are focused and then systematically compiled and discussed the recent trend for the desulfurization of transportation fuels with profound scientific rationale. Finally, future prospects and room for further advancements in the wider spectrum of MMMs are discussed for better applications and adoptability in the processing of fuel oils. This review will assist the researchers working on the large-scale processing of transportation fuels with a single-point source of knowledge and will save ample amount of time as well as contribute into key future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biography of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) is the name of presenting a complete picture of the magnificence and breadth and the nuances and importance of the office of Prophet. There is a guiding principle for those who work in every field of life in the good deeds of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). All the sources and sources are as clear as day in their culture and authenticity. Thus, the two periods of the Prophet's life were Makkah Madani and the names of the Prophet were exposed to many difficulties. Many challenges were faced and the Messenger of Allah faced these challenges because freedom is one of the basic human rights, because man was created free by Allah and after much effort, the Prophet (PBUH) got the state of Madinah went which were based on true belief. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nonlinear propagation of ion-acoustic (IA) electrostatic solitary waves (SWs) is studied in a magnetized electron–ion (e–i) plasma in the presence of pressure anisotropy with electrons following Tsallis distribution. The Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) type equation is derived by employing the reductive perturbation method (RPM) and its solitary wave (SW) solution is determined and analyzed. The effect of nonextensive parameter q, parallel component of anisotropic ion pressure p1, perpendicular component of anisotropic ion pressure p2, obliqueness angle θ, and magnetic field strength Ω on the characteristics of SW structures is investigated. The present investigation could be useful in space and astrophysical plasma systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radiation based sterilization is a common tool for microbial inactivation in different products on a commercial scale. The objective of the current study was to determine the effect of gamma radiation on cephradine antibiotic in the solid-state to enhance its biological response. Cephradine drug in powder form was treated with different doses (25, 50, 75, 100 and 125 kGy) of the cobalt-60 source in a Gamma cell-220 at a current rate of 8.5 gray/h. The effect of radiation doses on antibiotic was assessed with the help of different analytical techniques such as FT-IR, UV, XRD, SEM and HPLC. The UV spectra of radiated cephradine show some changes in the absorption peak by increasing the intensity of radiations while only slight changes were observed in the other peaks. The crystallinity of antibiotics was tested by the XRD and SEM, it shows a little morphological change. The FT-IR data disclosed significant changes in the absorption bands. The HPLC analysis showed reports an insignificant change which revealed that the radiolytic products are not formed. The radiated cephradine exposes a remarkable antibacterial activity against bacteria; indicating the enhancement of a biological response. In summary, a slight change was observed in cephradine drug with the radiation but the drug was chemically stable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every nation in the world has its own culture and standard of living (way of life) that is a collective phenomenon. Every nation that professes its own faith with process and action, struggles to maintain its national identity as well, and does not mix and mingle itself up with alien civilization. Muslims also have a separate identity vis-à-vis other nations of the world, and if this cultural identity vanishes, then there will be no crystal clear difference between the Muslims and the NonMuslims. If a group wants to dominate other nations and cultures without throwing down the glove at the opponent and launching a military war, the cultural invasion is the most powerful tool, for militarism often causes full swing reaction and tooth and nail fights from the rival group, resultantly the aggressors not only face shameful defeat even after a long time, but also admit their blunders. The victory fetched and provided by might and mine would not bear any sustainable results until the cultural occupation and pervade prevail for a long span of time.In the underlying article, the literal and standard definition of culture and cultural invasion will be explained in detail. After that a research review of the impacts, causes and influences of Western civilization on Muslims will be described in detail, and their prevention will be described in the light of the Quran. . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy is the modality of choice for the surgical management of stones. The objective of this study was to share our experience regarding the safety and efficacy of fluoroscopy guided Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy for the treatment of renal calculi and its post operative complications. Material & Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in Institute of Kidney Diseases, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar from January 2012 to January 2013 over 103 patients. After fulfilling inclusion criteria baseline investigations were carried out. All patients underwent fluoroscopic guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Postoperative X-ray KUB was done to confirm clearance of stones. Results: Out of 103 patients, 67(65.04%) were male and 36(34.95%) female. Mean age of the sample was 33.3±8.5 (15-65) years. Right sided and left sided stones were noted in 62 (60.19%) and 41(48.81%) patients respectively. The mean stone size was 3.9±1.36 (2-6) cm. Access to the PC system was successful in all (100%) cases. The targeted calyces were upper, middle and lower in 29 (28.15%), 16 (15.53%) and 58 (56.31%) patients. The mean operation duration was 75±24.4 (50-165) minutes. The mean hospital stay was 3.9±1.4 (2-5) days. Per-operative stone clearance was in 94 (91.26%) cases. Five (4.85%) patients have presence of residual stone fragments. Seven (6.8%) patients had clinically insignificant residual stones which cleared in 4 weeks time. Overall stone clearance with additional procedures was in 99 (96.12%) cases. Conclusion: Being minimally invasive PCNL is safe and effective treatment for renal calculi associated with less morbidity, shorter hospital stay and is cost effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVES: To see the effect of bupivacaine infiltration of nephrostomy tract in reducing the postoperative pain and analgesic requirements in patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy. METHODOLOGY: This randomized controlled study was conducted at institute of kidney diseases Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan, from June 1, 2011 to May 31, 2012. Total 66 patients (33 patients in each group) were included in the study through consecutive non-probability sampling technique and were randomly divided into group A (bupivacaine, 33 patients) and group B (placebo, 33 patients). RESULTS: Mean age was 32.2+2.7 & 31.09+2.6 years in group A & B respectively. The mean duration of the procedure was 70.66±7.41 & 72.12±.65 minutes for group A & B respectively. The overall average pain score for group A was 4.15±1.48 on visual analogue scale, while that for group B was 6.06±1.02 (p < 0.05). The average pain score for female patient was 4.07, (range 2-7) & 6.13 (range 4-8) in group A & B respectively. The average pain score for male patient was 4.12 (range 2-7) & 6.0 (range 4-7) in group A & B respectively. The effect of age on pain perception was not significant in this study as we included only adult patients (⩾14 years of age) and mixed response was observed in both groups patients of different age groups. CONCLUSION: Preoperative bupivacaine infiltration of the nephrostomy tract is safe and an effective way of reducing the postoperative pain and analgesic requirements avoiding the adverse effects of the opioids or non-opioids analgesics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A misprint occured in equation 26 in the original article (Ur-Rahman et al. 2013). The correct equation is provided below. \[ \zeta=\epsilon^{1/2}\left(x-\lambda t\right) \rm{, \ \ }\tau=\epsilon^{3/2}t\rm{.}% \] This misprint does not affect the calculations, the figures and the discussion presented in the original article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the role of Percutaneous Nephrostomy in upper obstructive uropathy. Material and Methods: This was a descriptive study, conducted at Department of Urology, Lady Reading Hospital and Institute of Kidney Diseases, Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar from January 2006 to December 2008 on 200 patients of upper obstructive uropathy undergoing Percutaneous Nephrostomy. Fluoroscopy and Ultrasonography were used as guiding tools for accurate puncture of the renal tract. The patients were kept in the ward and their renal function tests were checked daily. All the data was collected on a structured proforma and analysis was done on SPSSv 10. Results: A total of 200 Percutaneous Nephrostomy were attempted in 200 patients. The mean age of the sample was 41.6± 12.68 years. Male to female ratio was 2.3:1.The causes included Stone disease in 104 (52%), Pyonephrosis in 52 (26%), Malignancy in 20 (10%), Renal tract tuberculosis in 12 (6%), Obstetrical trauma in 8 (4%) and Ureteric Injury due to Fire Arm in 4 (2%) patients. It was successful in 192 patients, while there was a failure in 8 cases (4%). Considerable relief in terms of symptoms and renal biochemistry was observed with in a week. The mean blood urea level of 265 mg/dl before PCN dropped to 37 mg/dl and mean serum creatinine of 10.5 mg/dl dropped to 1.2 mg/dl respectively in all patients except 12 who were declared to have End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). Conclusion: Percutaneous Nephrostomy improves the patient's condition both in terms of urinary output and renal parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The abrupt rise of colorectal cancer in developing countries is raising concern in healthcare settings. Studies on assessing relationships with modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors in the Pakistani population have been limited. The present investigation was designed to examine associations of dietary practices, addictive behavior and bowel habits in developing colorectal cancer (CRC) among patients in a low-resource setup., Materials and Methods: An age-gender matched case control study was conducted from October 2011 to July 2015 in Karachi, Pakistan. Cases were from the surgical oncology department of a public sector tertiary care hospital, while their two pair-matched controls were recruited from the general population. A structured questionnaire was used which included questions related to demographic characteristics, family history, dietary patterns, addictive behavior and bowel habits., Results: A family history of cancer was associated with a 2.2 fold higher chance of developing CRC. Weight loss reduced the likelihood 7.6 times. Refraining from a high fat diet and consuming more vegetables showed protective effects for CRC. The risk of CRC was more than twice among smokers and those who consumed Asian specific addictive products as compared to those who avoid using these addictions (ORsmoking: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.08 - 4.17, ORpan: 2.92, 95% CI: 1.6 - 5.33, ORgutka: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.14 - 3.97). Use of NSAID attenuated risk of CRC up to 86% (OR: 0.14, 95% CI: 0.07 - 0.31)., Conclusions: Most of the findings showed concordance with the literature elucidating protective effects of consuming vegetables and low fat diet while documenting adverse associations with family history, weight loss, constipation and hematochezia. Moreover, this study highlighted Asian specific indigenous addictive products as important factors. Further studies are needed to validate the findings produced by this research.

Background: Urethral stricture is one of the oldest diseases Urethral dilatation Internal optical urethrotomy,were the only treatment. Clean Intermittent Self Catheterisation was introduced by Lapides has greatly decreased the recurrence of stricture. Objectives were to determine the role of Clean Intermittent Self Catheterisation (CISC) in the prevention of recurrence of urethral strictures after Internal Optical Urethrotomy and to study the frequency of any postoperative complications and tolerability for the patients associated with this procedure., Methods: A randomised controlled study conducted in the department of urology and renal transplantation, Institute of Kidney Diseases Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar from June 2007 to June 2010. Total of 60 patients with mean age 48 years (range 20-73) were selected and randomly divided into Treatment Group (30 patients) and Control Group (30 Patients). Eight "drop out" occurred in the treatment group and four "drop out" occurred in the controlled group. All the patients were treated with Internal Optical Urethrotomy using Sachse method followed by indwelling catheter for 5 days. The treatment group was then taught to perform Clean Intermittent Self Catheterisation by inserting a Classic Neleton Catheter (No. 16 or 18) twice a day for 1 week, then once a day for another 4 weeks and then once weekly continued for one year. All the patients were followed up regularly at 1 month intervals during the first 6 months and then every 2 months for the next 6 months., Results: Total of 48 patients completed the study, 22 in the treatment group and 26 in the control group. Within the first year, 4 patients (22%) in the treatment group developed urethral stricture. In the control group, 12 patients (46%) developed urethral stricture within the first year, showing a significant difference (p < 0.01). In the treatment group four patients developed simple UTIs while in the control group three patients developed UTIs, one with concomitant epididymitis. No other complications were noted up to one year follow up., Conclusion: Clean Intermittent Self Catheterisation is a simple and effective way of reducing stricture recurrence after Internal Optical Urethrotomy and is associated with less morbidity and is cost effective. CISC is an important modality for maintaining the normal urethral calibre.