33 results on '"ultrafiltrate"'
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2. Hemodiafiltración con reinfusión endógena del ultrafiltrado (HFR): hacia una diálisis convectiva, difusiva y adsortiva.
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Molina, Pablo, Goicoechea, Marian, Huarte, Emma, Maduell, Francisco, Valero, Alejandro, and Martín-Malo, Alejandro
- Abstract
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- 2023
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3. A comparative study of the bacteriotropic effect of metabiotics
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V. A. Neschislyaev, T. V. Fedorova, Yu. V. Sorokina, E. I. Molokhova, and A. S. Savina
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metabiotics ,ultrafiltrate ,actoflor-s ,bioluminescence ,bacteriotropic effect ,Medicine - Abstract
Objective of the study: comparative evaluation of the bacteriotropic activity of Actoflor-S metabiotic and the exometabolic bifidobacteria complex.Materials and methods: in our work we used Actoflor-S dietary supplement as oral solution in 2 ml drop tubes (Solopharm). As a comparator drug, we used an exometabolite complex from the culture fluid of strain Bifidobacterium bifidum 1 obtained by method of ultrafiltration using separation apparatus with HOMM 15 kDa. We studied the stimulating effect of metabolite compositions on the acid forming activity and dynamics of the accumulation of lactobacilli Lactobacillus plantarum 8P-A3. Antagonistic activity against enterobacteria was determined in the test of inhibition of bioluminescence of the indicator strain Escherichia coli lum+ and quantified as an index of antibacterial activityResults and discussions. A comparative study of the effects of metabiotics on the acid forming activity of lactobacilli showed that both drugs have a pronounced stimulating effect on the probiotic strain L. plantarum. A comparative study of the effects of metabiotics on the model test strain of enterobacteria showed that whole preparations quickly and significantly (by more than 90%) inhibit the bioluminescence of E.coli lum+. Preparation dilutions 1:10 and 1:100 discovered significant differences in their activity. Given equal pH values (5.8 ± 0.1), Actoflor-S (dilution 1:10) inhibited the luminescence of E. coli lum + to a greater degree, exceeding almost 2 times the indicators of the metabolite bifidobacteria complex. It is revealing that Actoflor-S diluted 1:10 is not inferior to the whole preparation in terms of the level of effect on the test strain culture. What calls attention to itself is that large dilutions of UFLC of bifidobacteria after a short period of inhibition of luminescence of E. coli lum + have a stimulating effect. There is evidence that effect of inhibition of the luminescence of the control culture is dose-dependent.Conclusion. The results of a comparative examination of the bacterial action profile of the native exometabolites complex and Actoflor-S preparation confirm the presence of combination of the necessary inhibitory and stimulating activity against various agents of the microbiota. Creation of the metabiotics line based on Actoflor-S preparation with variability of biological properties and specialized for the management of various dysbiotic conditions show promise. An additional inclusion of native exometabolites of bifidobacteria and/or lactobacilli into the formula of artificial compositions will make it possible to expand the spectrum of the positive effect of probiotic preparations on the microorganism.
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- 2020
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4. General anesthesia soon after dialysis may increase postoperative hypotension - A pilot study.
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Deng, J, Lenart, J, and Applegate, RL
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Health Sciences ,Kidney Disease ,Clinical Research ,Patient Safety ,general ,anesthesia ,dialysis ,hypotension ,time ,interval ,complications ,ultrafiltrate ,surgery ,post-operative - Abstract
IntroductionPilot study associating hemodialysis-to-general-anesthesia time interval and post-operative complications in hemodialysis patients to better define a more optimal pre-anesthetic waiting period.MethodsPre-anesthetic and 48-hours post-anesthetic parameters (age, gender, body-mass-index, pre-operative ultrafiltrate, potassium, renal disease etiology, hemodialysis sessions per week, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation-II score, Portsmouth-Physiologic and Operative Severity Score for the Enumeration of Mortality and Morbidity, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status, Johns Hopkins Surgical Classification System Category, surgical urgency, intra-operative fluids, estimated blood loss, post-operative complications) were collected on chronic hemodialysis patients between 11/2009-12/2010. Continuous data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance or t-test. Bivariate data were analyzed by Fisher's Exact Test. Relative Risks/Confidence Intervals were calculated for statistically significant comparisons (p=0.05). Exclusion criteria were incomplete records, peritoneal dialysis, intra-operative hemodialysis, liver transplant, and cardiopulmonary bypass.ResultsPatients were grouped by dialysis to anesthesia time interval: Group 1 >24 hours, Group 2 7-23.9 hours, Group 3 < 7 hours. Among Surgical Category 3-5 patients, hypotension was more common in Group 3 than Group 1 (63.6% vs 9.2%, p
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- 2014
5. Initial Process in Urine Formation
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Dantzler, William H. and Dantzler, William H.
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- 2016
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6. Proteomics of Human Dialysate and Ultrafiltrate Fluids Yielded by Renal Replacement Therapy
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The European Uremic Toxin Work Group (EUTox), Walden, Michael, Wittke, Stefan, Mischak, Harald, Vanholder, Raymond C., and Thongboonkerd, Visith, editor
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- 2007
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7. Quantification and clinical application of carboplatin in plasma ultrafiltrate.
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Downing, Kim, Jensen, Berit Packert, Grant, Sue, Strother, Matthew, and George, Peter
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CANCER treatment , *CARBOPLATIN , *BLOOD plasma , *DRUG toxicity , *MYELOSUPPRESSION , *ETHYLENEDIAMINETETRAACETIC acid , *INDUCTIVELY coupled plasma mass spectrometry - Abstract
Carboplatin is a chemotherapy drug used in a variety of cancers with the primary toxicity being exposure-dependant myelosuppression. We present the development and validation of a simple, robust inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method to measure carboplatin in plasma ultrafiltrate. Plasma ultrafiltrates samples were prepared using Amicon Ultra 30,000 da cut-off filters and then diluted with ammonia EDTA before ICP-MS analysis. The assay was validated in the range 0.19–47.5 mg/L carboplatin in ultrafiltrate. The assay was linear (r 2 > 0.9999), accurate (<6% bias, 12% bias at LLOQ) and precise (intra- and inter-day precision of <3% coefficient of variation). No matrix effects were observed between plasma ultrafiltrate and aqueous platinum calibrators and recovery was complete. The assay was applied to 10 clinical samples from patients receiving carboplatin. Incurred sample reanalysis showed reproducible values over 3 analysis days (<6% CV). As plasma stability prior to ultrafiltration has been a major concern in previous clinical studies this was studied extensively at room temperature (22 °C) over 24 h. Carboplatin was found to be stable in both spiked plasma (n = 3) and real patient samples (n = 10) at room temperature for up to 8 h before ultrafiltration. This makes routine measurement of carboplatin concentrations in clinical settings feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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8. Calcium phosphate precipitation during concentration by vacuum evaporation of milk ultrafiltrate and microfiltrate.
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Tanguy, Gaëlle, Siddique, Farzana, Beaucher, Eric, Santellani, Anne-Cécile, Schuck, Pierre, and Gaucheron, Frédéric
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CALCIUM phosphate , *PRECIPITATION (Chemistry) , *EVAPORATION (Chemistry) , *MICROFILTRATION , *SPRAY drying , *EVAPORATORS - Abstract
Vacuum evaporation is performed to concentrate milk constituents before their spray-drying. During this step, the mineral fraction and especially calcium phosphate precipitates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mineral behavior with a special attention paid on calcium and inorganic phosphate during vacuum evaporation of milk ultrafiltrate (UF) and milk microfiltrate (MF)). Water evaporation was performed with a pilot-scale falling-film evaporator with a configuration close to those used in industry. Samples were analyzed for levels of water evaporation. Different approaches were used like i. analyses of mineral contents and their precipitation; ii. theoretical calculation of salt formed and ion distribution. During evaporation, formation of trouble with presence of particles was determined. In the same time, increases of all components present were determined with a precipitation of calcium phosphate. With UF, deposits of calcium phosphate in the evaporator were deduced whereas with MF, interaction of calcium phosphate with whey proteins limited the calcium phosphate precipitation. The mineral precipitates were always negatively charged. Moreover and due to evaporation, the increase in the ionic strength significantly decreased the negative charge present at the surface of calcium phosphate precipitates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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9. Salinity-dependent toxicities of zinc oxide nanoparticles to the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana.
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Yung, Mana M.N., Wong, Stella W.Y., Kwok, Kevin W.H., Liu, F.Z., Leung, Y.H., Chan, W.T., Li, X.Y., Djurišić, A.B., and Leung, Kenneth M.Y.
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THALASSIOSIRA pseudonana , *SALINITY , *ZINC oxide , *METAL nanoparticles , *METAL toxicology , *SURFACE charges - Abstract
This study comprehensively investigated the influences of salinity, exposure concentration and time on the aggregate size, surface charge and dissolution of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO–NPs; 20 nm) in seawater, and examined the interacting effect of salinity and waterborne exposure of ZnO–NPs on the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana for 96 h. We found that aggregate sizes of ZnO–NPs significantly increased with increasing salinity, but generally decreased with increasing exposure concentration. Ion release decreased with increasing salinity, whereas the surface charge of the particles was not affected by salinity. The increased aggregate size and decreased ion release with increasing salinity, and consequently lower concentration of bioavailable zinc ions, resulted in decreased toxicity of ZnO–NPs at higher salinity in general in terms of growth inhibition (IC50) and chlorophyll fluorescence (EC50 – Ф Po and EC50 – Ф 2 ). However, IC50s and EC50s of ZnO–NPs were smaller than those of Zn 2+ (from ZnO–NPs ultrafiltrate and ZnCl 2 ), indicating that dissolved Zn 2+ can only partially explain the toxicity of ZnO–NPs. SEM images showed that ZnO–NPs attached on the diatom frustule surface, suggesting that the interaction between the nanoparticles and the cell surface may acerbate the toxicity of ZnO–NPs. Our results linked the physicochemical characteristics of ZnO–NPs in seawater with their toxicities to the marine diatom and highlighted the importance of salinity as an influential environmental factor governing the aggregation, dissolution and the toxicity of ZnO–NPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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10. General anesthesia soon after dialysis may increase postoperative hypotension - A pilot study.
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J. Deng, Lenart, J., and Applegate, R. L.
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ANALYSIS of variance ,FISHER exact test ,HEMODIALYSIS ,HYPOTENSION ,POSTOPERATIVE period ,T-test (Statistics) ,TIME ,ULTRAFILTRATION ,PILOT projects ,GENERAL anesthesia - Published
- 2014
11. Determination of unbound prednisolone, prednisone and cortisol in human serum and saliva by on-line solid-phase extraction liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and potential implications for drug monitoring of prednisolone and prednisone in saliva
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Ruiter, A. F. C., Teeninga, N., Nauta, J., Endert, E., and Ackermans, M. T.
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ABSTRACT Prednisolone (PLN) and prednisone (PN) are widely used glucocorticoids. Drug monitoring of PLN and PN is not routinely done owing to the need for multiple blood sampling and challenging measurement of unbound PLN and PN in blood. Here we present a robust method for quantification of cortisol, PLN and PN in serum, ultrafiltrate and saliva by on-line solid-phase extraction LC-MS/MS. The method is linear for the three analytes over the range of 6-1400 nmol/L for serum and 2-450 nmol/L for ultrafiltrate and saliva. Within-run precision of all three analytes was <10% and total precision was <15%. This method was applied to create time-concentration profiles of cortisol, PLN and PN after an oral dose of prednisolone in a healthy volunteer. Salivary levels of PLN correlated well with ultrafiltrate levels ( p < 0.01), while this correlation was only marginal for PN ( p = 0.052). The PN/PLN ratio was significantly higher in saliva than in ultrafiltrate and serum ( p < 0.01). Addition sums of both metabolites in saliva showed excellent correlation with those of ultrafiltrate ( p < 0.01). These findings have not been presented before and may have important implications for future studies concerning drug monitoring of PLN and PN in saliva. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2012
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12. Determination of lopinavir cerebral spinal fluid and plasma ultrafiltrate concentrations by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry
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DiFrancesco, Robin, DiCenzo, Robert, Vicente, Glorimar, Donnelly, Julie, Martin, Troy M., Colon, Luis A., Schifito, Giovanni, and Morse, Gene D.
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LIQUID chromatography , *CHROMATOGRAPHIC analysis , *MASS spectrometry , *BLOOD plasma - Abstract
Abstract: A method for the determination of lopinavir (LPV) concentrations in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and plasma ultrafiltrate (UF) was developed and validated to analyze clinical specimens from patients receiving antiretroviral treatment with lopinavir/ritonavir. The CSF (400μL sample volume) final calibration range for LPV was 0.313–25.0ng/mL. The final calibration range for UF (50μL sample volume) was 1.25–100ng/mL. The samples were prepared using liquid–liquid extraction, concentrated, and analyzed using a reversed phase isocratic separation. Detection was achieved in positive mixed reaction monitoring mode on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Isolation of LPV through chromatographic separation and proper selection of calibration matrix were important factors in achieving accurate results. Plasma UF was found to be an equivalent calibration matrix to CSF whereas plasma matrix produced a positive bias in samples with unknown concentrations. Artificial CSF media prepared chemically were biased and less superior than UF. Sources of plasma for the UF did not affect accuracy. Several CSF sources were tested for specificity of the method and LPV concentrations were accurately produced with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source producing more accurate results than the electrospray source. The method successfully measured LPV concentrations in CSF that were previously undetectable by HPLC as well as UF from protein binding studies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2007
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13. Usefulness of a Molecular Strategy for the Detection of Bacterial DNA in Patients with Severe Sepsis Undergoing Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy.
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Ratanarat, Ranistha, Cazzavillan, Stefania, Ricci, Zaccaria, Rassu, Mario, Segala, Chiara, de Cal, Massimo, Cruz, Dinna, Corradi, Valentina, Manfro, Stefania, Roessler, Eric, Levin, Nathan, and Ronco, Claudio
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SEPSIS , *CRITICALLY ill , *NECROSIS , *APOPTOSIS , *DNA , *ACUTE kidney failure , *POLYMERASE chain reaction , *NUCLEOTIDE sequence - Abstract
Introduction: Sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Sepsis is associated with cell necrosis and apoptosis. Circulating plasma levels of DNA have been found in conditions associated with cell death, including sepsis, pregnancy, stroke, myocardial infarction and trauma. Plasma DNA can also derive from bacteria. We have recently implemented a method to detect bacterial DNA and, in the present study, we validated this technique comparing it to standard blood culture in terms of diagnostic efficacy. Methods: We examined a cohort of 9 critically ill patients with a diagnosis of severe sepsis and acute renal failure requiring continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). We analyzed bacterial DNA in blood, hemofilters, and ultrafiltrate (UF) by polymerase chain reaction amplification of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Standard blood cultures were performed for all patients. Results: The blood cultures from 2 of the 9 (22%) patients were positive. However, bacterial DNA was identified in the blood of 6 patients (67%), including the 2 septic patients with positive blood cultures. In 9 (100%) patients bacterial DNA was found on the filter blood side, whereas in 7 (78%) subjects it was found in the dialysate compartment of the hemofilters. Bacterial DNA was never detected in the UF. Conclusions: Using the 16S rRNA gene, the detection of bacterial DNA in blood and adsorbed within the filter could be a useful screening tool in clinically septic, blood culture-negative patients undergoing CRRT. However, the identification of the etiologic agent is not feasible with this technique because specific primers for the defined bacteria must be used to further identify the suspected pathogenic organisms. Copyright © 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2007
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14. The oxalate level in ultrafiltrate fluid collected from a dialyzer is useful for estimating the plasma oxalate level in hemodialysis patients.
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Ogi, Makoto, Abe, Ryoetsu, Nishitani, Tomohito, Wakabayashi, Masanori, and Wakabayashi, Tsunemichi
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HEMODIALYSIS , *OXALATES , *ACIDIFICATION , *HEMODIALYZERS , *ARTIFICIAL kidneys - Abstract
Background. Patients on chronic hemodialysis are likely to develop secondary hyperoxalemia. It is, however, difficult to measure plasma oxalate levels. To measure plasma oxalate levels, rapid plasma separation, deproteinization, and acidification are essential in preventing the formation of oxalate and the deposition of calcium oxalate within the test tube. The present study was undertaken to examine whether the oxalate level in dialyzer ultrafiltrate is potentially useful for estimating plasma oxalate levels. Methods. In nine patients on chronic hemodialysis, the plasma, after deproteinization with a filter, and the ultrafiltrate from the dialyzer before hemodialysis were acidified to a pH level of less than 3, followed by the measurement of oxalate levels by ion chromatography. Also, oxalate levels were compared between acidified and nonacidified ultrafiltrates from the dialyzer. In the second part of the study, seven patients on chronic hemodialysis receiving erythropoietin therapy, in whom the ferritin level was more than 300 ng/ml and transferrin saturation was less than 25%, were intravenously administered ascorbic acid, 100 mg, three times a week, after each dialysis session to facilitate the utilization of stored iron. This treatment was continued until the serum ferritin level decreased to a level below 300 ng/ml (for 3 months, at a maximum). The oxalate level in the dialyzer ultrafiltrate after this treatment was compared with that before treatment. Results. The mean ± SE oxalate level in the dialyzer ultrafiltrate was 45 ± 6 µmol/l, essentially equal to the plasma oxalate level (46 ± 7 µmol/l). The plasma oxalate level had a significant positive correlation with the dialyzer ultrafiltrate oxalate level (plasma oxalate level = 0.99 × dialyzer ultrafiltrate oxalate level + 1.5; r = 0.95; P < 0.0001). The oxalate level in the acidified ultrafiltrate (45 ± µmol/l) did not differ significantly from that in the non-acidified ultrafiltrate (45 ± µmol/l). The mean ± SE duration of ascorbic acid administration was 64 ± 13 days. The hemoglobin level remained unchanged at 9.6 ± 0.4 g/dl, whereas the serum iron level increased significantly, from 34 ± 2 µg/dl to 43 ± 4 µg/dl (P < 0.05), and serum ferritin levels decreased significantly, from 645 ± 219 ng/ml to 231 ± 30 ng/ml after the treatment (P < 0.05). The oxalate level in the acidified ultrafiltrate showed no significant change after ascorbic acid administration (31 ± 8 µmol/l vs 47 ± 7 µmol/l). Conclusions. In patients on chronic hemodialysis, the oxalate level in acidified ultrafiltrate from the dialyzer was found to be useful for estimating the plasma level of nonprotein-bound oxalate. When administering ascorbic acid to hemodialysis patients, the plasma oxalate level can be monitored using this method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2006
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15. A rapid LC–MS method for determination of plasma anion profiles of acidotic patients
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McKinnon, William, Lord, Gwyn A., Forni, Lui G., Peron, Jean-Marie R., and Hilton, Philip J.
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ACIDOSIS , *ANIONS , *METABOLISM , *LIQUID chromatography , *ELECTROSPRAY ionization mass spectrometry - Abstract
Abstract: In metabolic acidosis, the concentrations of anions associated with intermediary metabolism are increased and can make a significant contribution to the observed acidosis. Here we describe a method for the rapid determination of the plasma ultrafiltrate profile of these anions using liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS). The ultrafiltrate from patients with acidosis resulting from various causes were examined and the results compared to control values. Using the LC/ESI-MS method described, a unique plasma ultrafiltrate anion profile was obtained for each of the groups studied that provides rapid diagnosis of the type of underlying acidosis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2006
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16. ICP-MS determination of Pt in biological fluids of patients treated with antitumor agents: evaluation of analytical uncertainty
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Bettinelli, M.
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ANTINEOPLASTIC agents , *PLATINUM , *URINE , *MASS spectrometers - Abstract
Abstract: The estimation of the uncertainty associated to the analytical methods is necessary in order to establish the comparability of results. Methods of Pt determination in biological fluids lack very often of information about uncertainty of results, with likely implications when results are used to interpret the mechanism of action of platinum compound or when they are considered to optimise the clinical therapies. An inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) method for the determination of Pt in biological fluids (plasma, ultrafiltrate and urine) of patients treated with antitumor agents has been developed and validated. The limits of quantification (LOQ) in the three matrices were 1.0, 0.1, and 2.0 μg/l, respectively. Intraday and interday precisions and accuracies were in good agreement with the FDA criteria for the validation of analytical methods. The validation study was implemented by assessing the uncertainty evaluation for Pt determination in the different matrices according to EURACHEM/CITAC Guide. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2005
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17. Immunoglobulin light chains modulate polymorphonuclear leucocyte apoptosis.
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Cohen, G, Rudnicki, M, Deicher, R, and Hörl, W. H
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NEUTROPHILS , *INFLAMMATION , *IMMUNOGLOBULINS , *MULTIPLE myeloma , *KIDNEY diseases - Abstract
Abstract Background Apoptosis of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNLs) is important for the resolution of inflammation. Recently, we demonstrated that glucose-modified proteins increase PMNL apoptosis. No protein factors in sera of uraemic patients attenuating PMNL apoptosis have been identified to date. Materials and methods We tested the influence of commercially available monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains (IgLCs) from multiple myeloma patients and polyclonal IgLCs isolated from haemodialysis patients, previously shown to modulate PMNL functions and to contribute to their prestimulation, on PMNL apoptosis. We detected morphological changes, DNA strand breaks and the loss of DNA content. Results All three apoptosis assays showed that κ and λ type IgLCs increase the percentage of viable PMNLs by inhibiting apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. The effect of IgLCs was abolished by specific antibodies. Addition of genistein abolished the reduction of PMNL apoptosis by IgLCs, suggesting that IgLCs exert their effect via tyrosine phosphorylation. Furthermore, we showed that the inhibition of caspase-3 activity is involved in the decrease of PMNL apoptosis. Conclusion In concentrations present in sera of uraemic patients IgLCs could interfere with the normal resolution of inflammation and thereby contribute to the chronic inflammatory state found in end-stage renal disease patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2003
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18. Effects of uremic ultrafiltrate on the regulation of the parathyroid cell cycle by calcitriol.
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Canalejo, Antonio, Almadén, Yolanda, De Smet, Rita, Glorieux, Griet, Garfia, Bartolome, Luque, Fernando, Vanholder, Raymond, and Rodríguez, Mariano
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HYPERPARATHYROIDISM , *PARATHYROID hormone - Abstract
Effects of uremic ultrafiltrate on the regulation of the parathyroid cell cycle by calcitriol. Background. Calcitriol (CTR) is used in the treatment of hyperparathyroidism secondary to renal failure because it decreases parathyroid hormone (PTH) synthesis and parathyroid cell proliferation. Previous studies in tissues other than parathyroids have demonstrated that uremic factors affect the action of CTR on the target cells. We questioned whether the uremic milieu interferes with the inhibition of parathyroid cell proliferation by CTR. Methods. Studies were performed in vitro using freshly excised normal dog parathyroid tissue incubated for 24 hours with and without CTR and in the presence of either total uremic ultrafiltrate (UUF) from uremic patients or high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC)-derived fractions (hydrophilic compounds eluting early and hydrophobic compounds eluting late) of this UUF (F1 to F4). Parathyroid cell proliferation was assessed by flow cytometry. Results. The addition of CTR 10-8 and 10-7 mol/L to parathyroid tissue produced an inhibition of the proliferation that was prevented in the presence of UUF. In a medium containing CTR 10-8 mol/L, the addition of F1, F2 and F3, but not F4, prevented the CTR-induced inhibition of parathyroid cell proliferation. With CTR 10-7 mol/L, the inhibition of proliferation was observed even in the presence of F1, F2 and also F4, but was prevented by F3. Uric acid (7 mg/dL), indoxyl sulfate (5 mg/dL) and p-cresol (1.4 mg/dL), which coeluted with F1, F2 and F4, respectively, did not interfere with the inhibitory action of CTR 10-7 mol/L; however, the addition of phenol (0.14 mg/dL), which coeluted with F3, prevented the CTR-induced inhibition of parathyroid cell proliferation. Conclusions. The presence of uremic toxins prevents the inhibition of parathyroid cell proliferation induced by calcitriol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2003
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19. Hemofiltration reduces the serum priming activity on neutrophil chemiluminescence in septic patients.
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Mariano, Filippo, Tetta, Ciro, Guida, Gianenrico, Triolo, Giorgio, and Camussi, Giovanni
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BLOOD filtration , *NEUTROPHILS , *SEPTIC shock , *INTERLEUKIN-8 , *PLATELET activating factor - Abstract
Hemofiltration reduces the serum priming activity on neutrophil chemiluminescence in septic patients. Background. Priming of the polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) response has been implicated in the activation of oxidative burst and tissue injury in patients with septic shock and acute renal failure (ARF). This study evaluated whether hemofiltration (HF) removes substances able to enhance the oxidative burst of PMNs. Methods. Chemiluminescence (CL) priming activity induced by sera and ultrafiltrates of seven patients with septic shock, multiorgan dysfunction syndrome, and ARF (ARF/HF group) and of 10 uremic stable patients (Control/HF group) was evaluated on normal human PMNs stimulated with bacterial formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP). Patients submitted to HF were studied by determining blood and ultrafiltrate interleukin-8 (IL-8), platelet-activating factor (PAF), and CL priming activity at the beginning (T0), and after four hours (T4) of treatment. Results. Preincubation of normal human PMNs with sera and ultrafiltrates from septic patients induced a potent priming of CL activity in subsequent FMLP stimulation. In the ARF/HF group, the prefilter blood concentrations of IL-8 and CL PMN-priming activity significantly decreased during the four hours of HF treatment, with a loss of IL-8 in the ultrafiltrate of 6930 (median, range 4292 to 9282) ng per four hours. PAF detected in the ultrafiltrate and associated with the membrane (7.3 ng, range 1.45 to 9.89) was minimal. In the ARF/HF group, a significantly positive correlation between CL PMN-priming activity and IL-8 concentrations was observed. The CL priming activity in blood and ultrafiltrates was reduced to 55 and 46% by preabsorption with monoclonal antibody (mAb) anti-IL-8. In contrast, the PAF receptor antagonist WEB 2170 did not affect CL priming activity. In the control/HF group, the CL PMN-priming activity was significantly lower than in the ARF/HF group and was... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2001
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20. Surgical Implantation of Ultrafiltration Probes in Ovine Bone and Muscle.
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Sojka, Janice E., Adams, Stephen B., Rohde, Carsten, and Janle, Elsa M.
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ULTRAFILTRATION , *ARTIFICIAL implants , *HEALTH of sheep , *VETERINARY surgery , *EQUIPMENT & supplies - Abstract
It may be desirable to collect compounds directly from sites of interest if blood concentrations do not reflect tissue levels. Ultrafiltration and microdialysis probes may be used to do this, but the hollow fibers of these probes are quite fragile. For this reason, we developed a pull-through technique that allows their implantation into the ovine quadriceps muscle and femur.The sheep is placed under anesthesia in lateral recumbency. An incision is made midway between the patella and greater trochanter directly over the lateral femur. A hand drill is used to make a 4.5-mm hole into the medullary cavity through the lateral cortex of the distal femur. A second incision is then made over the greater trochanter. The drill bit is inserted into the trochanteric fossa and a hole is drilled distally through the medullary cavity of the femur to the level of the first hole. A looped 20-gauge wire is then inserted into the femur and removed through the distal hole. Suture is attached, and the wire is withdrawn, leaving the suture in place. The suture is tied to the ultrafiltration probe tubing, allowing the probe to be carefully drawn into position. For implantation into the muscle, a 10-gauge introducer is used. The introducer is placed through the quadriceps muscle and the probe is then threaded through it. This technique has been successfully performed on 18 sheep. All sheep tolerated the procedure well. Up to 2.0 mL/day of interstitial fluid was recovered from each site. The average lifetimes of the bone and muscle probes were 35 and 40 days, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2000
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21. Intracellular calcium signalling in peripheral cells of patients with bipolar affective disorder.
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Dubovsky, Steven, Thomas, Marshall, Hijazi, Amal, and Murphy, James
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Consistent with previous studies, elevated free intracellular calcium ion concentrations ([Ca]) were found in blood platelets and lymphocytes of patients with mania and bipolar depression. Incubation with an ultrafiltrate of plasma from patients with bipolar illness had no effect on intracellular calcium ion concentration in platelets from normal subjects, suggesting that elevated [Ca] is not due to a circulating factor. As was true in an earlier study of the effect of lithium on platelets, incubation with therapeutic levels of carbamazepine lowered [Ca] in lymhocytes from affectively ill patients but not controls. Increased [Ca] in peripheral cells may reflect a diffuse change in cellular homeostasis and may contribute to mixtures as well as rapid alternations of activity of affective, behavioral and physiologic systems in bipolar illness. Correction of the abnormality may at least be a marker of a relevant therapeutic action if it is not the action itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 1994
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22. Freie und gebundene Substanz P-Peptide in Cortex und Subcortex des Rinderhirns.
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Baldauf, J., Dobek, W., and Zetler, G.
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- 1969
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23. Accurate determination of the Ca2+ activity in milk-based systems by Ca-ISE: Effects of ionic composition on the single Ca2+ activity coefficient and liquid junction potentials
- Author
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H.P. van Leeuwen, R. Gao, M.A.J.S. van Boekel, and H.J.F. van Valenberg
- Subjects
Systematic error ,Activity coefficient ,food.ingredient ,Laboratorium voor Fysische chemie en Kolloïdkunde ,calcium-ion ,Liquid junction potential ,Analytical chemistry ,Ionic bonding ,selective electrode ,Ionic composition ,Compositional difference ,Analytical Chemistry ,Ion ,food ,Skimmed milk ,Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science ,VLAG ,WIMEK ,Chromatography ,Chemistry ,Leerstoelgroep Productontwerpen en kwaliteitskunde ,food and beverages ,General Medicine ,Product Design and Quality Management Group ,ultrafiltrate ,Food Science - Abstract
Calcium ion selective electrode (Ca-ISE) was found to underestimate the actual Ca2+ ion activity in simulated milk ultrafiltrate (SMUF) and milk. It is shown that the ionic compositional difference between conventional calibration solutions and milk type samples had a significant effect on the single Ca2+ activity coefficient, which generates the erroneous estimate of Ca2+ activities in SMUF and milk. This study tests new standards with ionic profiles similar to SMUF, aiming at the reduction of the errors generated by the compositional difference between conventional standards and milk samples. As a result, the new standards showed a significant improvement in the accuracy of Ca2+ activity and Ca2+ activity coefficient over the conventional standards. The systematic error is reduced from 20% to 5% for SMUF and from 44% to 15% for milk. In addition, the new standards generate liquid junction potentials that are practically insignificant.
- Published
- 2011
24. Utilization of biophenols from Olea Europea products - Olives, virgin olive oil and olive mill wastewater-Bio-Olea 7 Report
- Author
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Angela Cardinali, Vito Linsalata, Isabella D'Antuono, Antonio Logrieco, and Maria Quarto
- Subjects
OMWW ,Membrane filtration sisyem ,Ultrafiltrate ,Polyphenols ,LDL - Abstract
BIO-OLEA 7 Report WP 4.2 , WP 5.1 e WP5.3
- Published
- 2013
25. Effects of uremic ultrafiltrate on the regulation of the parathyroid cell cycle by calcitriol
- Author
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Mariano Rodriguez, Raymond Vanholder, Antonio Canalejo, Bartolome Garfia, Fernando Luque, Griet Glorieux, Rita De Smet, and Yolanda Almaden
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Calcitriol ,proliferation ,Parathyroid hormone ,Ultrafiltration ,vitamin D ,In Vitro Techniques ,Flow cytometry ,Parathyroid Glands ,Dogs ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,parathyroid ,Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ,Toxins, Biological ,Uremia ,Hyperparathyroidism ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Chemistry ,Cell growth ,Cell Cycle ,Parathyroid chief cell ,Cell cycle ,medicine.disease ,ultrafiltrate ,Calcium Channel Agonists ,Endocrinology ,Nephrology ,cell cycle regulation ,Cell Division ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Effects of uremic ultrafiltrate on the regulation of the parathyroid cell cycle by calcitriol. Background Calcitriol (CTR) is used in the treatment of hyperparathyroidism secondary to renal failure because it decreases parathyroid hormone (PTH) synthesis and parathyroid cell proliferation. Previous studies in tissues other than parathyroids have demonstrated that uremic factors affect the action of CTR on the target cells. We questioned whether the uremic milieu interferes with the inhibition of parathyroid cell proliferation by CTR. Methods Studies were performed in vitro using freshly excised normal dog parathyroid tissue incubated for 24 hours with and without CTR and in the presence of either total uremic ultrafiltrate (UUF) from uremic patients or high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC)-derived fractions (hydrophilic compounds eluting early and hydrophobic compounds eluting late) of this UUF (F1 to F4). Parathyroid cell proliferation was assessed by flow cytometry. Results The addition of CTR 10 -8 and 10 -7 mol/L to parathyroid tissue produced an inhibition of the proliferation that was prevented in the presence of UUF. In a medium containing CTR 10 -8 mol/L, the addition of F1, F2 and F3, but not F4, prevented the CTR-induced inhibition of parathyroid cell proliferation. With CTR 10 -7 mol/L, the inhibition of proliferation was observed even in the presence of F1, F2 and also F4, but was prevented by F3. Uric acid (7 mg/dL), indoxyl sulfate (5 mg/dL) and p-cresol (1.4 mg/dL), which coeluted with F1, F2 and F4, respectively, did not interfere with the inhibitory action of CTR 10 -7 mol/L; however, the addition of phenol (0.14 mg/dL), which coeluted with F3, prevented the CTR-induced inhibition of parathyroid cell proliferation. Conclusions The presence of uremic toxins prevents the inhibition of parathyroid cell proliferation induced by calcitriol.
- Published
- 2003
26. Hemofiltration reduces the serum priming activity on neutrophil chemiluminescence in septic patients
- Author
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Ciro Tetta, Gianenrico Guida, Filippo Mariano, Giorgio Triolo, and Giovanni Camussi
- Subjects
platelet-activating factor ,medicine.drug_class ,Neutrophils ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Multiple Organ Failure ,Priming (immunology) ,Pharmacology ,acute renal failure ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Reference Values ,Hemofiltration ,Medicine ,Humans ,Interleukin 8 ,Platelet Activating Factor ,Aged ,Respiratory Burst ,Uremia ,Platelet-activating factor ,business.industry ,Septic shock ,Interleukin-8 ,Acute Kidney Injury ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Receptor antagonist ,Blood Physiological Phenomena ,Shock, Septic ,Respiratory burst ,N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine ,ultrafiltrate ,chemistry ,inflammation ,Nephrology ,Immunology ,Luminescent Measurements ,septic shock ,PMN oxidative burst ,business - Abstract
Hemofiltration reduces the serum priming activity on neutrophil chemiluminescence in septic patients. Background Priming of the polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) response has been implicated in the activation of oxidative burst and tissue injury in patients with septic shock and acute renal failure (ARF). This study evaluated whether hemofiltration (HF) removes substances able to enhance the oxidative burst of PMNs. Methods Chemiluminescence (CL) priming activity induced by sera and ultrafiltrates of seven patients with septic shock, multiorgan dysfunction syndrome, and ARF (ARF/HF group) and of 10 uremic stable patients (Control/HF group) was evaluated on normal human PMNs stimulated with bacterial formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP). Patients submitted to HF were studied by determining blood and ultrafiltrate interleukin-8 (IL-8), platelet-activating factor (PAF), and CL priming activity at the beginning (T 0 ), and after four hours (T 4 ) of treatment. Results Preincubation of normal human PMNs with sera and ultrafiltrates from septic patients induced a potent priming of CL activity in subsequent FMLP stimulation. In the ARF/HF group, the prefilter blood concentrations of IL-8 and CL PMN-priming activity significantly decreased during the four hours of HF treatment, with a loss of IL-8 in the ultrafiltrate of 6930 (median, range 4292 to 9282) ng per four hours. PAF detected in the ultrafiltrate and associated with the membrane (7.3 ng, range 1.45 to 9.89) was minimal. In the ARF/HF group, a significantly positive correlation between CL PMN-priming activity and IL-8 concentrations was observed. The CL priming activity in blood and ultrafiltrates was reduced to 55 and 46% by preabsorption with monoclonal antibody (mAb) anti-IL-8. In contrast, the PAF receptor antagonist WEB 2170 did not affect CL priming activity. In the control/HF group, the CL PMN-priming activity was significantly lower than in the ARF/HF group and was independent of IL-8. Conclusions Sera from septic patients demonstrate an enhanced CL priming activity on PMNs. This activity is reduced by ultrafiltration and is due, at least in part, to ultrafiltered IL-8.
- Published
- 2001
27. Recovery and Functionality of Wash Water Protein from Krill Processing
- Author
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Montero García, Pilar and Gómez Guillén, M. C.
- Subjects
Ultrafiltrate ,Microfiltrate ,Wastewater ,Protein emulsion ,Krill - Abstract
Microfiltration followed by ultrafiltration was used to concentrate soluble proteins in the wash water of cephalothorax and krill muscle and to remove organic substances and microorganisms. Wash water, concentrate, and ultrafiltrate were characterized. Most of the proteins from muscle thus extracted were less than 67 kDa, while from cephalothorax there was a large amount of 100-150 kDa proteins. Filtrate exhibited low levels of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total viable count (TVC). Emulsion properties were assayed for different protein concentrations in freeze-dried cephalothorax and muscle concentrates. The first one presented poor emulsion stability in contrast to the second one. Measurements of emulsion activity index (EAI) and stability in the muscle concentrate emulsion were virtually unaffected by ionic strength (0-3% NaCl) and slightly affected by pH.
- Published
- 1998
28. Recovery and Functionality of Wash Water Protein from Krill Processing
- Abstract
Microfiltration followed by ultrafiltration was used to concentrate soluble proteins in the wash water of cephalothorax and krill muscle and to remove organic substances and microorganisms. Wash water, concentrate, and ultrafiltrate were characterized. Most of the proteins from muscle thus extracted were less than 67 kDa, while from cephalothorax there was a large amount of 100-150 kDa proteins. Filtrate exhibited low levels of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total viable count (TVC). Emulsion properties were assayed for different protein concentrations in freeze-dried cephalothorax and muscle concentrates. The first one presented poor emulsion stability in contrast to the second one. Measurements of emulsion activity index (EAI) and stability in the muscle concentrate emulsion were virtually unaffected by ionic strength (0-3% NaCl) and slightly affected by pH.
- Published
- 1998
29. Adsorption in hemodialysis.
- Author
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Botella, Julio, Ghezzi, Paolo M., and Sanz-Moreno, Carmen
- Subjects
- *
HEMODIALYSIS , *BLOOD filtration , *KIDNEY disease treatments , *HEMOPERFUSION , *ION exchange (Chemistry) , *HEMODIAFILTRATION - Abstract
Adsorption in hemodialysis. The use of sorbents in different blood purification techniques is reviewed. The sorbents used in these therapies are divided into two groups: ( 1 ) Adsorption occurs fundamentally because of the hydrophobic properties of the sorbents. In this group, the sorbents used in different dialysis techniques are charcoal and nonionic macroporous resins. ( 2 ) Adsorption occurs by chemical affinity, such as ion exchange resins and chemisorbents. Sorbents were initially used in hemoperfusion, which caused many adverse events; later, with the use of coated charcoal, these undesired effects decreased or disappeared, but the adsorptive properties, water control, and acid-base balance still created problems. For these reasons, the use of sorbents in the treatment of chronic renal failure was almost totally discontinued. Little by little, interest in these substances has reappeared, and at present, they have been used in combination with other blood purification techniques such as hemodialysis, hemofiltration, peritoneal dialysis, and finally, hemodiafiltration. Within the various hemodiafiltration techniques, paired filtration dialysis-charcoal is being used to regenerate the ultrafiltrate, which is used as the replacement fluid. Charcoal regenerates the ultrafiltrate and transforms it into a physiological solution with a normal electrolyte composition, calcium, bicarbonate, and glucose, having eliminated the majority of both middle and large molecule uremic toxins. If regeneration is done properly, this replacement fluid is bacteria and endotoxin free. Studies currently are underway on the adsorption of different inflammatory substances in the ultrafiltrate, which could lead to improvement in the biocompatibility of the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2000
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30. General anesthesia soon after dialysis may increase postoperative hypotension - A pilot study.
- Author
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Deng J, Lenart J, and Applegate RL
- Abstract
Introduction: Pilot study associating hemodialysis-to-general-anesthesia time interval and post-operative complications in hemodialysis patients to better define a more optimal pre-anesthetic waiting period., Methods: Pre-anesthetic and 48-hours post-anesthetic parameters (age, gender, body-mass-index, pre-operative ultrafiltrate, potassium, renal disease etiology, hemodialysis sessions per week, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation-II score, Portsmouth-Physiologic and Operative Severity Score for the Enumeration of Mortality and Morbidity, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status, Johns Hopkins Surgical Classification System Category, surgical urgency, intra-operative fluids, estimated blood loss, post-operative complications) were collected on chronic hemodialysis patients between 11/2009-12/2010. Continuous data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance or t-test. Bivariate data were analyzed by Fisher's Exact Test. Relative Risks/Confidence Intervals were calculated for statistically significant comparisons (p=0.05). Exclusion criteria were incomplete records, peritoneal dialysis, intra-operative hemodialysis, liver transplant, and cardiopulmonary bypass., Results: Patients were grouped by dialysis to anesthesia time interval: Group 1 >24 hours, Group 2 7-23.9 hours, Group 3 < 7 hours. Among Surgical Category 3-5 patients, hypotension was more common in Group 3 than Group 1 (63.6% vs 9.2%, p<0.0001, relative risk=6.9, confidence interval=3.0-15.7) or Group 2 (63.6% vs 17.3%, p=0.0002, relative risk=3.7, confidence interval=1.9-7.2). Other complications rates were not statistically significant. Disease and surgical severity scores, preoperative ultrafiltrate, and intra-operative fluids were not different., Conclusions: Post-anesthetic hypotension within 48 hours was more common in those with < 7 hours interval between dialysis and anesthesia. Therefore, if surgical urgency permits, a delay of ≥7 hours may limit postoperative hypotension. More precise associations should be obtained through a prospective study.
- Published
- 2014
31. Early fluid and protein shifts in men during water immersion
- Author
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Hinghofer-Szalkay, H., Harrison, M. H., and Greenleaf, J. E.
- Published
- 1987
- Full Text
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32. Improvement of Dyslipoproteinemia in Uremic Patients by Hemofiltration Therapy
- Author
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Unoki, Tetsuhide, Yuki, Kenichi, Takagi, Hiromitsu, Nakashima, Youji, Sanada, Kazuhiko, Fujii, Hideo, and Kasukawa, Reizo
- Subjects
hemofiltration ,ultrafiltrate ,hemodialysis ,Dyslipoproteinemia ,医学 ,Lipoprotein ,Uremia - Abstract
Hypothalamic injection in the rats of bacterial endotoxin or endogenous pyrogen from rabbit's leucocytes induced fever. During the fever thus induced, the rats were exposed to radiant heat. Their behavioral thermoregulation, determined by the bar-pressing rate to escape from the radiant heat, was significantly reduced compared to that in the rats untreated with the pyrogens and exposed to the radiant heat. Thus, the rats with the induced fever prefered high levels of tail-skin and ambient temperatures, signs of the development of behavioral fever.
- Published
- 1981
33. Adsorption in hemodialysis
- Author
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Paolo M. Ghezzi, Julio Botella, and Carmen Sanz-Moreno
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Hemodiafiltration ,Peritoneal dialysis ,law.invention ,Adsorption ,biocompatibility ,law ,Hemofiltration ,medicine ,Humans ,Urea ,macroporous resins ,Ion-exchange resin ,Filtration ,Chromatography ,Chemistry ,Hemoperfusion ,Surgery ,ultrafiltrate ,hemoperfusion ,Nephrology ,sorbents ,Charcoal ,Kidney Failure, Chronic ,chemisorbents ,Hemodialysis ,Dialysis (biochemistry) - Abstract
Adsorption in hemodialysis. The use of sorbents in different blood purification techniques is reviewed. The sorbents used in these therapies are divided into two groups: (1) Adsorption occurs fundamentally because of the hydrophobic properties of the sorbents. In this group, the sorbents used in different dialysis techniques are charcoal and nonionic macroporous resins. (2) Adsorption occurs by chemical affinity, such as ion exchange resins and chemisorbents. Sorbents were initially used in hemoperfusion, which caused many adverse events; later, with the use of coated charcoal, these undesired effects decreased or disappeared, but the adsorptive properties, water control, and acid-base balance still created problems. For these reasons, the use of sorbents in the treatment of chronic renal failure was almost totally discontinued. Little by little, interest in these substances has reappeared, and at present, they have been used in combination with other blood purification techniques such as hemodialysis, hemofiltration, peritoneal dialysis, and finally, hemodiafiltration. Within the various hemodiafiltration techniques, paired filtration dialysis-charcoal is being used to regenerate the ultrafiltrate, which is used as the replacement fluid. Charcoal regenerates the ultrafiltrate and transforms it into a physiological solution with a normal electrolyte composition, calcium, bicarbonate, and glucose, having eliminated the majority of both middle and large molecule uremic toxins. If regeneration is done properly, this replacement fluid is bacteria and endotoxin free. Studies currently are underway on the adsorption of different inflammatory substances in the ultrafiltrate, which could lead to improvement in the biocompatibility of the system.
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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