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Z razvojem je Evropska unija ustvarila različne mehanizme in politike v smeri izvajanja ukrepov, pomoči, zagotavljanja storitev, razvoja, vojaških posegov itd. Skladi Evropske unije predstavljajo instrumente ali programe, ki nudijo pomoč državam članicam ali državam kandidatkam za članstvo v razvoju na različnih področjih. Na splošno so skladi oziroma programi namenjeni državam članicam, a za olajšanje njihove priprave na članstvo držav kandidatk je del teh sredstev odprt za države kandidatke ali posebna sredstva zgolj za predpristopno pomoč, ki pa je poseben interes ali namen te raziskave. V skladu s tem smo se pri nadaljnji opredelitvi problema usmerili ravno na Republiko Makedonijo kot državo kandidatko za članstvo v Uniji, s poudarkom na izkoriščenosti na državni ravni. Do danes je več skladov prispevalo ali ponudilo priložnost za podporo državam članicam EU in državam kandidatkam za članstvo. Skladi so eden od instrumentov, ki pomagajo neenakim ali manj razvitim državam doseči razvojno raven tistih, ki so bolj razviti. Skladi so instrumenti, ki v veliki meri prispevajo k olajšanju predpristopne poti kandidatkam predvsem s finančno pomočjo ter pomočjo na številnih področjih, ki so pomembna tako za Unijo kot tudi za države kandidatke. V začetnih poglavjih magistrskega dela smo opredelili Evropsko integracijo, njene cilje in njeno ekonomiko oziroma zakaj se države hočejo integrarati v EU, katere so prednosti in slabosti, izzivi in možnosti, pojasnili smo evolucijo Evropske Unije oziroma, kako je prišlo do politične in ekonomske skupnosti, opredelili sklade za predpristopno pomoč in pojasnili njihove cilje in naloge, opisali sestavine oziroma komponente teh skladov ter na kratko opisali njihovo implementacijo v Republiki Makedoniji. V nadaljevanju smo analizirali izkoriščenost sredstev Instrumenta za predpristopno pomoč na državni ravni, in sicer glede na vrsto pogodb, organ ki vodi posel, vrsto uporabnika, v primerjavi z nacionalno udeležbo. Analizirali smo tudi sredstva glede na osnovne makroekonomske kazalnike ter podali dokaz za postavljeno hipotezo s pomočjo linearne regresije. With development up until today, the European Union has created various mechanisms in the policies towards the implementation of measures, assistance, provision of services, development, military interventions etc. The European Union funds represent instruments or programs that provide assistance to Member States or candidate countries for membership in the development in various fields. In general, funds or programs are targeted at Member States, but in order to facilitate their preparation for membership of the candidate countries, part of this funding is open to candidate countries or special funds only for pre-accession assistance, which is of particular interest or a purpose of this research and accordingly, further problem-solving was directed towards the Republic of Macedonia as a candidate country for membership in the Union, with emphasis on utilization at the state level. Until today, several funds have contributed or offered an opportunity to support EU Member States and candidate countries. Funds are one of the instruments that help the unequal or less developed countries achieve the development level of those who are more developed. Funds are instruments that largely facilitate the pre-accession assistance for candidates, in particular through financial assistance, assistance in a number of areas that are important both for the Union and for the candidate countries. In the early chapters of the master's thesis, we defined European integration, its goals and its economy, or why countries want to integrate into the EU, what are the advantages and disadvantages, challenges and opportunities, we explained the evolution of the European Union or how the political and economic community came into existence, defined the funds for pre-accession assistance and explained their goals and tasks, described the components or components of these funds and briefly described their implementation in the Republic of Macedonia. In the following chapters, we analysed the utilization of the resources of the Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance at the state level, depending on the type of contracts, the body that manages the business and the type of user and compared it to the national participation. We also analysed the funds with respect to the basic macroeconomic indicators and provided evidence for the hypothesis through linear regression.

Na osnovi kohezijske politike EU omogoča razvojne priložnosti državam članicam in njenim regijam. Brez kohezijske politike bi bila EU manj konkurenčna, gospodarsko šibkejša, politično nestabilna in manj pravična, hkrati pa bi lahko to pomenilo nižjo stopnjo integracije EU. Slovenija je kot država članica EU upravičena do sredstev te politike. V novem programskem obdobju se Slovenija deli na dve kohezijski regiji. V diplomskem projektu predstavljamo kohezijsko politiko s poudarkom na novem programskem obdobju 2014−2020 ter novosti in priložnosti, ki jih prinaša ta politika Sloveniji. Analiziramo tudi priložnosti dveh razvojnih regij iz obeh kohezijskih regij. Ugotavljamo, da je v tem obdobju Sloveniji na voljo manj sredstev v primerjavi s predhodnim programskim obdobjem. Kohezijska politika je bolj trajnostno naravnana in intenzivneje podpira manj razvite regije. V diplomskem projektu tudi ugotavljamo, da ponuja kohezijska politika EU v aktualnem programskem obdobju manj razviti kohezijski regiji in Savinjski razvojni regiji več razvojnih priložnosti. On the basis of Cohesion policy, the EU enables development opportunities for the Member countries and their regions. Without Cohesion policy the EU would be less competitive, economically weaker, politically unstable and less fair, at the same time, this could also mean a lower level of integration of the EU. As the EU member state, Slovenia is entitled to the financial means of this policy. In the new programming period Slovenia is divided into two cohesion regions. In the diploma project we present the Cohesion policy with a focus on the new programming period 2014-2020 as well as the novelties and the opportunities that this policy is bringing to Slovenia. We also analyze opportunities of two development regions from both cohesion regions. We establish that there are fewer financial means available for Slovenia in comparison with the last programming period. The policy is more sustainably oriented and intensively supports less developed regions. In the diploma project we also find out that in the actual programming period Cohesion policy of the EU offers more development opportunities to less developed cohesion region and Savinjska development region.

Slovenija si je z vstopom v Evropsko unijo leta 2004 pridobila pravico do črpanja sredstev iz Strukturnih skladov in Kohezijskega sklada Evropske unije. V času finančnih pogajanj si je Slovenija zastavila dva cilja, to je zmanjševanje razvojnega zaostanka Slovenije za povprečjem EU ter, da sporazum ne sme poslabšati javno-finančnega položaja Slovenije. Velike ekonomske in socialne razlike ovirajo trajnostni razvoj Evropske unije kot celote, zato so za zmanjševanje le teh zaslužni Strukturni skladi EU in Kohezijski sklad. Le ti prispevajo k napredku posameznih regij in države. Tega se države in tudi ljudje vedno bolj zavedamo. S projekti, ki so sofinancirani prav iz teh skladov, lahko gradimo na gospodarski in ekonomski rasti, hkrati pa peljemo Slovenijo vse bližje evropskemu povprečju. Kohezijska politika ima v Sloveniji prav tako velik pomen, saj teži k enemu samemu cilju- enakomerni razvitosti svojega ozemlja. Že od svojega vstopa, pa vse skozi programska obdobja 2004-2006 in 2007-2013 temelji na načelu solidarnosti, zmanjšuje ekonomska in socialna neskladja ter vpliva na uravnotežen razvoj Evropske unije kot celote. Svojo uspešnost so na razpisih EU potrdile tudi slovenske občinske uprave, ki so s pomočjo anketnega vprašalnika predstavile, da so kljub zahtevni dokumentaciji in kratkim časovnim obdobjem sposobne izpeljati projekte, ki so tudi do 85% sofinancirani s strani Evropske unije, ter s tem ustvarjati v prid lastnih regij kot tudi Slovenije same. With the entry into the European Union in 2004, Slovenia gained the right to utilization of resources from the structural funds and the Cohesion Fund of the European Union. At the time of the financial negotiations, it has set itself two objectives, being reduction of Slovenia's lack of developmental according to the EU average and that the agreement must not impair the financial position of the Government of Slovenia. The great economic and social differences impede the sustainable development of the European Union as a whole, therefore, the reduction of EU structural funds and cohesion Emeritus Fund. Those contribute to the progress of the individual regions and State. The country and the people are increasingly aware of that. With projects that are co-financed from these funds, we can work on economic growth, while we're getting Slovenia closer to the average of the European Union. Cohesion policy in Slovenia has also had a great importance, since it tends to one single purpose-the steady development of its territory. Since its entry, and all through the periods 2004-2006 and 2007-2013 everything has been based on the principle of solidarity, reducing economic and social disparities and the impact on the balanced development of the European Union as a whole. The country and its performance on the invitations to the EU was also confirmed by the municipal administration based on a questionnaire, what has proven that despite the complex documentation and time period to carry out the projects recently, which are also up to 85% co-financed by the European Union, thus a small country like that is capable to develop and work in favour of single regions as well as Slovenia as a whole.