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With crowdsourcing increasingly contributing to organizations' innovative performance, it becomes more and more important for them to cultivate the creativity of their crowdsourcing communities. While digital feedback is the main, if not the only, two-way channel of communication between the platforms and the crowdworkers, little is yet known about how to use digital feedback to manage and foster the creative performance of crowdworkers. This study examines how the provision and nature of feedback, provided virtually through online interfaces, influence creative performance. We argue that the alleged positive relationship between the creative self-efficacy of crowdworkers and creative performance is conditional upon the joint effect of digital feedback valence and the degree to which crowdworkers focus on learning as achievement outcomes. We conducted a two-stage experimental study with 298 participants in a crowdsourcing setting. The results show that feedback provided in virtual settings, irrespective of whether the feedback is positive or negative, can be perceived as surveillance and thus hurt the creative performance of crowdworkers with high creative self-efficacy but low mastery goal orientation. However, the results also show that when receiving negative feedback, community members who have high creative self-efficacy and mastery goal orientation try harder in subsequent creative tasks. Accordingly, we advocate for nurturing platform cultures that emphasize both confidence in the contributor's own competence and the abilities to learn and develop.

Krožno gospodarstvo je nov model gospodarstva, ki je nastal kot odgovor na linearni model gospodarstva, kateri pa danes zaradi množičnega izčrpavanja virov za proizvodnjo izdelkov, ki na koncu svojega življenjskega cikla postanejo odpadki, ne ustreza več potrebam družb v globaliziranem svetu. Koncept krožnega gospodarstva je definiralo in interpretiralo več avtorjev, vsem definicijam pa je skupno to, da koncept krožnega gospodarstva omogoča minimiziranje potrebe po novih virih in s tem pripomore k zmanjšanju pritiskov na okolje. Bistvo krožnega gospodarstva je, da so vse surovine, proizvodi in procesi načrtovani in oblikovani tako, da odpadkov ni. V Sloveniji je krožno gospodarstvo uvrščeno med strateške razvojne prioritete, prehod iz linearnega v krožno gospodarstvo ni izbira, temveč nuja. Ena od priložnosti za Slovenijo je zagotovo zbiranje in recikliranje za nižanje odvisnosti od uvoženih materialov in zadrževanje vrednosti v domačem gospodarstvu. Podrobneje smo preučili, kako krožno gospodarstvo uvajajo v Mestni občini Maribor in Mestni občini Ljubljana. V Mestni občini Maribor temelji prehod na krožno gospodarstvo na modelu Wcycle, v Mestni občini Ljubljana pa na projektu Zelena prestolnica Evrope 2016. Delo diplomskega seminarja je razdeljeno na 2 dela, teoretični in empirični del. V teoretičnem delu smo opisali problem linearnega gospodarstva, opredelili koncept, načela in temeljne značilnosti krožnega gospodarstva, opisali modele in procese krožnega gospodarstva ter problematiko vrednotenja. Preučili smo potenciale uvajanja krožnega gospodarstva v Sloveniji. V empiričnem delu smo predstavili podjetje Lumar IG d.o.o. ter delovanje podjetja v smeri krožnega gospodarstva. Circular economy is a new model of the economy, which was created in response to the linear model of the economy. The massive depletion of resourses for the production of products which at the end of their life cycle become waste, no longer correspond to the needs of companies in the globalized world. The concept of a circular economy has been defined and interpreted by several authors. A common point in the definitions of the concept of a circular economy is to minimize the need for new resources and help to reduce enviromental pressures. The essence of a circular economy is that all raw materials, products and processes are designed and constructet in such way that no waste exsist. In Slovenia, the circular economy is among the strategic development priorities, the transition from linear to circular economy is not a choice, but a necessity. One of the opportunities for slovenia is collecting and recycling for reducing dependence on imported materials and retaining value in the domestic economy. We studied how the circular economy is beeing introduced in the Municipality of Maribor and the City Ljubljana. In the Municipality of Maribor the transition to a circular economy is based on project Wcycle and in case of City of Ljubljana transition is based on project Green capital of Europe 2016. Bachelor thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and empirical. In the teoretical part we described the problem of linear economy, defined the concept, defined princips and basic characteristicts of the circular economy, described the models and processes of the circular economy and the problem of evaluation. We studied the potentials of introducing a circular economy in Slovenia. In the empirical part we presented the company Lumar IG d.o.o. and their approach to to the introduction of a circular economy into their business processes.

V pričujočem magistrskem delu smo se ukvarjali z dejavniki gospodarske rasti in s Thirlwallovim zakonom, ki pravi, da je gospodarska rast neke države določena z razmerjem med rastjo izvoza in dohodkovno elastičnostjo uvoznega povpraševanja. V izhodišču smo orisali poglavitne teoretične poglede in razlage procesa gospodarske rasti. Obravnavali smo Thirlwallov zakon oziroma model plačilnobilančno omejene gospodarske rasti ter za deset držav članic OECD predstavili njihova makroekonomska gibanja, nato pa računsko ocenili osnovno različico Thirlwallovega zakona na primeru teh držav. Ugotavljamo, da so najmanjše razlike med modelsko predvideno (plačilnobilančno omejeno) stopnjo gospodarske rasti in med dejansko stopnjo rasti realnega bruto domačega proizvoda v obdobju 1971-2006 bile dosežene v primeru Švice, Združenih držav Amerike, Kanade, Španije, Francije in Grčije. In the following Master’s thesis, we focus on different factors of economic growth and Thirlwall’s Law, which states that the economic growth of a country is determined by the ratio between the growth of export and income elasticity of import demand. At the outset, we outline the main theoretical views and explanations for the process of economic growth. We discuss Thirlwall’s Law or the model of balance of payments constrained economic growth and present the macroeconomic trends for ten OECD member states. Then we present calculations based on the basic version of Thirlwall’s Law for these countries. We conclude that the smallest differences between the modeled (balance of payments constrained) economic growth rate and the actual growth rate of gross domestic product in the period 1971–2006 were achieved in the case of Switzerland, the United States, Canada, Spain, France and Greece.

Vsaka država mora poznati kazalnike, na podlagi katerih se merijo gospodarski razvoj, gospodarska rast, konkurenčnost in globaliziranost posameznega gospodarstva. Rezultati, ki jih dobimo s pomočjo omenjenih kazalnikov, nas lahko včasih pozitivno presenetijo, kar je znak, da je gospodarstvo uspešno. Kadar nas rezultati omenjenih kazalnikov presenetijo negativno, pa je potrebno povzeti ukrepe za izboljšanje razmer na posameznem področju. Za proučevanje omenjenega področja smo si izbrali kazalnike bruto domači proizvod, indeks človeškega razvoja, globalni indeks konkurenčnosti in indeks globalizacije KOF. Omenjene kazalnike smo analizirali na primeru izbranih držav, ki smo jih razvrstili med zelo razvite, srednje razvite in manj razvite države. Analiza kazalnikov globalnega indeksa konkurenčnosti je za manj razvite države pokazala, da manj razvite države spadajo med najbolj konkurenčne države, saj imajo najvišjo vrednost globalnega indeksa konkurenčnosti. Za vsako državo smo prav tako poiskali dejavnike, ki najbolj ovirajo njeno poslovanje. Ob pregledu vseh dejavnikov smo ugotovili, da se največkrat kot ovira pri poslovanju pojavita korupcija in neučinkovita vladna birokracija. Osnovni namen tega dela je raziskati, ali globalizacija vpliva na gospodarsko rast v posamezni državi oziroma ali gospodarska rast vpliva na globalizacijo v državi. Narejena analiza je pokazala, da ta vpliv v nekaterih državah, zajetih v vzorec, obstaja. Each country should know the indicators that represent the basis of measuring economic development, economic growth, competitiveness and globalisation of a certain economy. The results obtained by these indicators can sometimes agreeably surprise us, which is a sign of a successful economy. On the other hand, when the results of the aforementioned indicators are shocking, we need to take measurements in order to improve the situation in a certain area. To research the abovementioned area, we chose the following indicators: gross domestic product, Human Development Index, Global Competitiveness Index, and KOF Globalisation Index. We analysed these indicators on a selection of countries that were classified into highly developed, medium developed and less developed countries. The analysis of the Global Competitiveness Index indicators of less developed countries showed that these countries are the most competitive ones, since they have the highest Global Competitiveness Index. For each country, we also identified the most common factors that hinder its business operations. After examining all the factors, we established that the most common obstacles to business are corruption and ineffective government bureaucracy. The main goal of this thesis is to determine whether globalisation affects the economic growth in a certain country or economic growth is influenced by globalisation in this country. The performed analysis showed that this influence does exist in some countries included in our sample.

Investment in research and development (R&amp, D) plays a vital role in sustainable economic growth in many countries around the world. In addition, also companies are aware of that R&amp, D investment is becoming more and more important since it can generate future benefits, which may ultimately result in the sustainable corporate growth. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the impact of private R&amp, D expenditures and R&amp, D tax incentives on sustainable corporate growth. Using multiple regression analysis, a panel dataset of 1372 companies investing the largest amounts in R&amp, D activity is analysed. The results of this paper reveal that private R&amp, D expenditures as well as R&amp, D tax incentives (in interaction with private R&amp, D expenditures) have a positive impact on sustainable corporate growth at the firm level in selected Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. The comparison between different subgroups of companies reveals that private R&amp, D expenditures represent one of the main driver of sustainable corporate growth especially in high-tech companies, while R&amp, D expenditures) are key determinant of sustainable corporate growth in both subgroups of companies. The results may help governments in the formulation of relevant R&amp, D tax incentive policy in the future.

The paper discusses innovative performance of firms and underlying competencies, namely technological, marketing and complementary. Competencies are regarded as networks of various capabilities and other firm assets and can be used for cross-industry comparisons. The study is based on a survey carried out among 50 established Slovenian manufacturing companies addressing competencies which they employ in their 65 distinct product lines. Three distinct segments of firms are established based on innovative performance indicators. Used are techniques of multivariate statistics, including cluster analysis and analysis of variance. The results imply that the most innovative firms simultaneously develop technological, marketing and complementary competencies. The implications of our findings are valuable to the firms aligning their competencies with their strategy, as well as to policy makers in technology following countries. Članek obravnava inovacijsko uspešnost podjetij in njihove ključne kompetence, med njimi tehnološke, trženjske in komplementarne. Kompetence predstavljajo mreže različnih sposobnosti in drugih sredstev podjetja. To omogoča njihove primerjave tudi med panogami. Študija temelji na anketi, v kateri je sodelovalo 50 uveljavljenih slovenskih proizvodnih podjetij. Vzorec predstavlja njihovih 65 različnih proizvodnih linij. Na osnovi kazalcev inovacijske uspešnosti so opredeljeni trije segmenti podjetij. Uporabljena so orodja multivariatne analize, in sicer razvrščanje v skupine in analiza variance. Iz rezultatov je razvidno, da najbolj inovativna podjetja istočasno razvijajo tehnološke, trženjske in komplementarne kompetence. Ugotovitve so pomembne tako za podjetja, ki želijo uskladiti kompetence s svojo strategijo, kakor tudi z vidika ukrepov inovacijske politike v državah tehnoloških sledilkah.

V diplomskem seminarju je v prvi vrsti predstavljen in opredeljen sam pojem socialnega podjetništva, njegov pomen za družbo in gospodarstvo, cilji in načela, področja dejavnosti, ki so v socialno podjetje vključena ter njegove pravno organizacijske oblike. V nadaljevanju predstavljam pomen socialnega podjetništva v povezavi z zaposlovanjem ranljivih skupin. Predstavljam vse ranljive ciljne skupine, najpomembnejše pa z vidika zaposlovanja v socialnih podjetjih, katere tudi podrobneje analiziram. Zaposlovanje ranljivih ciljnih skupin je predstavljeno na primeru Zavoda Zadihaj, pri katerem sem preko elektronske pošte pridobila nekatere ključne podatke o zaposlenih v podjetju. Kot avtorica želim na podlagi omenjenih podatkov predstaviti njihov pogled na socialno podjetništvo in z njim povezanim zaposlovanjem ranljivih skupin na trgu dela ter deliti njihove izkušnje na podlagi prakse, ki jih imajo na tem področju. The thesis seminar is primarily introduced and defined the very concept of social entrepreneurship and the importance to society and the state economy, objectives and principles, scope of activities in the social enterprise involved and its legal organizational forms. Below I present the importance of social entrepreneurship in relation to employment of vulnerable groups. Agent all vulnerable target groups, the most important but also in terms of employment in social enterprises is analyzed. Employment vulnerable target groups is presented in the case Institute Zadihaj, with employees is carried out in-depth interview. As an author, I want to on the basis of the latter to present their views on social entrepreneurship and related employment of vulnerable groups in the labor market and to share their experiences based on practices that they have in this area.

Entrepreneurial curiosity is an entrepreneurial-psychology related construct that measures a level of entrepreneurial curiosity among entrepreneurs. Key research objectives of the study were to empirically test how two independent constructs as openness and company`s growth are connected to entrepreneurial curiosity and to develop and empirically test a structural model linking these three constructs. A multi-country survey was made on a sample of entrepreneurs from Slovenia, USA and Serbia. Findings showed that openness is positively related to entrepreneurial curiosity and that entrepreneurial curiosity is positively related to company`s growth. Results of this study can be used both for further research and in practice.

Potreben pogoj za obstoj vsake razvite ali nerazvite družbe je, da morata biti v njej in z njo v harmoniji v funkciji tudi vladanje in ekonomija. Vendar so bili skozi vso človeško zgodovino prisotni kompleksni odnosi med vladanjem in ekonomijo. V daljni zgodovini je bila ekonomija običajno podrejena vladanju. Na primer Adam Smith in Schumpeter sta analizirala in opozarjala na ta splet okoliščin. V sodobnem času se je to razmerje spremenilo. Ekonomija poskuša prevladati vladanje. Na današnje razmerje med ekonomijo in družbo je poskušal opozoriti in jih teoretično podrobno analizirati na primer North (1990). Kot eno izmed možnosti za uravnavanje današnjega stanja je videl vzpostavljanje neosebnega sistema vladanja družbi in v neosebni tržni družbi izmenjave interesov, storitev in blaga na družbenem, političnem in ekonomskem področju. Toda kako to doseči v realni in vedno kompleksnejši družbi? Po Northu (1990) je edini način v vzajemni izmenjavi in usklajevanju interesov med vsemi dejavniki družbe, združenimi v interesne organizacije, interesne skupine, agencije, in med vsemi vejami oblasti. Za to je potrebna v družbi vnaprejšnja vzpostavitev sistema neosebne pravne države oziroma vladanja, ki omogoča vsem dejavnikom družbe v njihovem vsakdanjem življenju, pri njihovem delu in pri njihovih dejavnostih delovati v skladu z danimi družbenimi normami. Nekateri avtorji so poskušali ta teoretična izhodišča znanstveno preverjati z ekonometričnimi kvantitativnimi raziskavami. V zaključkih njihovih raziskav vsi poudarjajo nujnost prihodnjih poglobljenih raziskav. To je bila spodbuda tudi za našo raziskavo. Izhajamo iz fenomena, da v realnosti današnjega sveta obstajajo različno razvite družbe in različno razvite ekonomije. V razvitejših družbah je večja verjetnost obstoja razvitejših ekonomij. To teoretično izhodišče v naši raziskavi razvijemo v več hipotez o različnih povezavah med kvantitativnimi pokazatelji družbenega in gospodarskega razvoja v skupini bolj ali manj razvitih držav. Za kvantitativno preverjanje hipotetičnih povezav med kazalniki razvoja uporabimo metodi korelacije in parcialne korelacije. Avtorji ti metodi večkrat omenjajo, vendar ju ne uporabljajo. V naši raziskavi ju uporabimo. Pri izbiri empiričnih vzorcev za analizo avtorji običajno izberejo vzorec vseh držav na svetu, ki ga primerjalno analizirajo z manj razvitimi državami. V naši raziskavi smo za določitev empiričnih vzorcev za analizo razlik med skupinama bolj in manj razvitih držav uporabili metodo razvrščanja v skupine po Wardu. Z ekonometrično analizo vzorcev smo ugotovili kvantitativno pomembne razlike v povezanosti med posameznimi pokazatelji družbene in ekonomske razvitosti med bolj in manj razvito skupino držav. Pri skupini razvitejših držav smo uspeli statistično značilno identificirati povezanost razvitosti ekonomije s tremi stebri razvitosti družbe, kot so učinkovitost zakonodajne veje oblasti, učinkovitost sodne veje oblasti in učinkovitost omejevanja korupcije v družbi. Pri manj razviti skupini držav smo uspeli statistično značilno identificirati samo povezavo med učinkovitostjo izvršne veje oblasti oziroma med vladami v širšem pomenu besede in ekonomsko razvitostjo. Vendar ekonomska razvitost skupine manj razvitih držav, merjena z BDP per capita pa je v povprečju za 32-odstotkov nižja od tiste v skupini razvitejših držav. The necessary conditions for existence of every society, developed or undeveloped, are functional governance and economics. However, complex relations between the two have been present throughout human history. Economics was subordinate to governance. For example, Adam Smith and Schumpeter have analysed and warned about this problem. In modern times this relationship has changed. Economy has prevailed over governance. This relationship between society and economy was analysed by North (1990). He saw the establishment of a non-personal system of governance and non-personal marketing society of exchanging interests, goods and services in the social, political and economic field as one of the options to control the present situation. But how to achieve this in the real and increasingly complex society. North advocates the mutual exchange and coordination of interests between all actors of society, united in interest groups, organizations, and agencies and all branches of the government as the only way. This is possible with the establishment of a system of non-personal rule of law that enables all members of society act in accordance with social norms in their everyday life, work and activities. Some researchers were trying to prove these theories with scientific econometric empirical studies. They all stressed that further and in-depth research is necessary in this area. This was the impetus for our study. We were starting from the fact that differently developed societies and differently developed economies exist in the world today. More developed economy is more likely to be present in more advanced societies. We developed this theoretical starting point of the research in several hypothetical links between empirical indicators of social and economic development in the groups of more or less developed countries. For the empirical verification of hypothetical links between indicators of development we used the method of correlation and partial correlation. Past researchers mentioned these methods several times but did not use them. We used these methods in our research. In the selection of empirical samples for analysis researchers usually choose a sample of all the countries of the world and compare it with less developed countries. In our research we used Ward’s method of clustering to determine empirical samples for the analysis of the differences between the more and less developed countries. With econometric analysis we have found statistically significant differences in the connection between the individual indicators of social and economic development between the groups of more and less developed countries. In the group of more developed countries we were able to empirically identify the important connection of economic development with the three pillars of social development, which are the effectiveness of the legislative branch of authority, the effectiveness of the judicial branch of authority, and the effectiveness of the restriction of corruption in society. In the group of less developed countries we were able to identify only the connection between the executive branch of authority or governments in the broader sense of the word and the economic development. But the economic development in the group of less developed countries is on average for 32-percent lower than in the group of more developed countries.

V globaliziranem svetu je merilo uspešnosti države najpogosteje gospodarska rast. Politiki in ekonomisti si v glavnem delijo prepričanje, da je doseganje gospodarske rasti ključni in skorajda edini cilj gospodarstva. Omejenost naravnih virov je pripeljala do osnovanja koncepta trajnostnega razvoja. Zmotno je prepričanje, da je trajnostni razvoj zgolj skrb za ekologijo. Marsikdaj se neupravičeno zanemarjata družbena in ekonomska komponenta koncepta. Cilj držav v prihodnosti je ustvariti harmonijo med temi tremi vidiki trajnostnega razvoja. Čeprav se soočamo s problemom merjenja in oblikovanja okvirjev trajnostnega razvoja, so države Evropske unije že razvile različne kazalce, ki usmerjajo ravnanja politike v izboljševanje kvalitete življenja. Trenutno nam merjenje trajnostnega razvoja omogočajo redki in nepopolni kazalci. Eden izmed teh je indeks okoljske uspešnosti (EPI) razvit s strani Univerze Yale. V magistrskem delu smo na podlagi podobnih študij povezav gospodarske rasti in trajnostnega razvoja definirali relevantne pojasnjevalne spremenljivke ter jih testirali v različno zastavljenih modelih. Vse tri zastavljene hipoteze smo sprejeli. Najvišjo korelacijo izkazujeta prav trajnostni razvoj in gospodarska rast, merjena kot agregatni dohodek, kar predstavlja srž našega dela. Z linearno regresijsko analizo smo dokazali, da če se agregatni dohodek poveča za 1 evro, se EPI v povprečju poveča za 0,0002 indeksni točki. Prav tako smo prikazali statistično značilno nelinearno povezavo med omenjenima spremenljivkama, kjer kakovost okolja sprva raste z gospodarsko rastjo, nato pa upada, nakar v določeni točki spet začneta sinhrono rasti. Druga spremenljivka so vladni izdatki, namenjeni za raziskave in razvoj, izraženi v odstotku BDP. Izračuni so pokazali, da se EPI poveča za 4,72 indeksnih točk, če se izdatki za raziskave in razvoj povečajo za 1 %. Nenazadnje se EPI v povprečju zmanjša za 11,69 indeksnih točk, če se indeks civilnih in političnih svoboščin poveča za 1 točko. In a globalized world, economic growth is the most common measure of the country's performance. Politicians and economists mainly share the belief that achieving economic growth is a key and almost sole objective of the economy. Scarcity of natural resources has led to the creation of the concept of sustainable development. It is wrong to believe that sustainable development only concerns ecology. Social and economic components of the concept are often unreasonably neglected. The aim for the future is to create harmony between these three aspects of sustainable development. Althought we are challenged with the problem of measuring and shaping framework for sustainable development, countries of the European Union have already developed indicators which direct policy to improve the quality of life. Currently the rare and incomplete indicators enable us to measure sustainable development. One of them is environmental performance index (EPI), developed by the University of Yale. On the basis of similar studies that concern relations between economic growth and sustainable development, we determined relevant explanatory variables and tested them in different set of models. Empirical results support all of the hypothesis. The highest correlation is between sustainable development and economic growth. The latter represents the main core of the thesis. With linear regression analysis we showed that in the case of increase of aggregate income for 1 euro, EPI rises for 0,0002 index points. We also showed statistical significant nonlinear relationship between mentioned variables. The latter shows that the quality of environment initially rises with economic growth and it decreases over time till it reaches a point where they start increasing sinchronized again. The second variable represents government expenditure on research and development, expressed in precentage of GDP. Calculations have shown that EPI increases by 4,72 index points, if the government expenditure for research and development increase for 1 %. Last but not least, the EPI decreases by 11,69 index points if index of civil and political rights increases for 1 point.

V diplomskem delu obravnavamo filozofski, konceptualni in tehnični vidik ekonomske svobode ter njen mogoč vpliv na proces gospodarske rasti. Orišemo dva pomembna indikatorja ekonomske svobode (Fraser in Heritage) ter predstavimo rezultate. Da bi lažje pojasnili pomen ekonomske svobode na gospodarsko uspešnost, opredelimo vse pomembnejše dejavnike gospodarske rasti ter na koncu preučimo večino relevantne literature o vplivu ekonomske svobode na gospodarsko rast držav. V znanstveni literaturi se pojavlja množica dejavnikov gospodarske rasti – nekateri so bolj pomembni, nekateri manj. Produkcijski viri, kot so kapital, delo in zemlja, so omejeni. Edini neomejeni bazični vir so nenasitna radovednost, drznost, sposobnost in potreba po raziskovanju in ustvarjanju nečesa novega. Te človeške lastnosti so vir tehnološkega napredka. Tehnični napredek pa je edini in najpomembnejši dejavnik dolgoročne gospodarske rasti družbe. Nova spoznanja, odkritja, ideje in inovacije potrebujejo ustrezno okolje, da se realizirajo na trgu in s tem prispevajo h gospodarski rasti. Potrebujejo ustrezno razvite tržne in politične institucije, ki spodbujajo gospodarske in raziskovalne procese ter stabilno in navzven odprto okolje. V pričujočem delu ugotavljamo: da ima ekonomska svoboda zelo pomemben posredni in neposredni vpliv na gospodarsko rast da višje ravni ekonomske svobode koristijo državi in dolgoročno prebivalcem pomembno zvišajo življenjski standard. The diploma project was designed to study philosophical, conceptual and technical aspects of economic freedom and its possible effect on economic growth process. We introduce two important indicators of economic freedom (Fraser and Heritage) and the results of their measurements around the world. We present the most important factors of economic growth found in literature, as well as the most important literature that deals with the effect of economic freedom on economic growth to explain the importance of economic freedom on economic performance. There are a lot of more or less important economic growth factors presented in academic literature. The production resources such as land, labor and capital are limited. So the only unlimited resources are an insatiable human curiosity, boldness, ability and a need to research and create something new. Those human qualities are the sources of technological progress. The technological progress is the only and the most important factor for countrys' long-term growth. New insights, discoveries, ideas and innovations need the right environment to be brought to the market and thus contributing to economic growth. They also need the developed market and the political institutions that promote economic and research processes, stable environment and international openness. We can find an evidence that economic freedom has very important direct and indirect effects on economic growth and also that the higher levels of economic freedom benefit the country, significantly raising the living standards of its citizens in the long run.

SUMMARY Living in a time of materialism, when the ethical component of business is almost completely ignored, is the main challenge for all activists of different thinking, to offer ideas that can lead to new and important changes. Social entrepreneurship is an idea that has awakened much interest in recent decades, because it is based on different approaches of classical economic understanding. This concept in the cold logic of modern business brings warmth, a note of humanity and altruism, and contributes to the promotion of moral and ethical practices and standards. Initiatives of social entrepreneurship are always associated with humane ideas, aiming at the general social well-being, as opposed to traditional entrepreneurship, in which the profit is the primary goal and the main measure of success. Social entrepreneurship, as a model, in its ideological and practical function, aims to create a stable structure based on full utilization of human resources, offering new ways of resolving the numerous social and economic problems. A significant number of the population in Bosnia and Herzegovina is strongly affected by social exclusion. Among the most vulnerable are persons with disabilities, Roma and youth, while women in all groups are particulary vulnerable. The European Union practice shows that social entrepreneurship is a good instrument for eliminating poverty, social exclusion and unemployment. Compared to the European Union model, the potential for the development of social entrepreneurship is not being utilized enough in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Bearing in mind these findings, the main objectives of this work is to explore and present theoretical approaches and concepts of social entrepreneurship and possible ways of overcoming social exclusion through social entrepreneurship, based on primary and secondary research. The strongest arguments for commitment to the development of social entrepreneurship in Bosnia and Herzegovina show facts: • Citizens of the Bosnia and Herzegovina recognize that entrepreneurship can contribute to the reduction of social problems, especially social exclusion. • The development of small and medium enterprises significantly influences the increase of social inclusion. The practical part included exploration of the needs for solving social exclusion, poverty and unemployment problems, and the possible ways of overcoming these problems through social entrepreneurship. Research of the situation and possibilities of development of social entrepreneurship included: 1. Survey with target groups, based on prepared questionnaire, which covered 400 unemployed persons from marginalized groups: women, youth, persons with disabilities and Roma, throughout Republic of Srpska (40 municipalities), in cooperation with non-governmental organizations and Employment Service of the Republic of Srpska. 2. Findings of survey with institutions, non-governmental organizations and small and medium enterprises Based on theoretical part of doctoral dissertation we confirm the sub-hypotheses: • H1.1: Human capital is the most important resource for achieving sustainable development goals • H1.2: Gender is a significant predictor of socio-economic status of citizens, and • H1.5: By introducing special measures and support programs, it is possible to significantly improve the development of social entrepreneurship. Based on empirical research we partially confirm the sub-hypotheses: • H1.3: Citizens perceive entrepreneurship as a mechanism for overcoming social exclusion and • H1.4: Development of small and medium enterprises significantly influences the increase of social inclusion. In final, we partially confirm our main hypothesis H.1: Sustainable Community Development, viewed through the paradigm of social inclusion, is significantly associated with the development of social entrepreneurship. Živeti v času materializma, ko je etična komponenta skoraj v popolnosti zanemarjena, je izziv za vse aktiviste drugačnih razmišljanj, da ponudijo ideje, ki lahko pripeljejo do novih in pomembnih sprememb. Socialno podjetništvo je ideja, ki je vzbudila veliko pozornosti v zadnjih desetletjih, zato ker temelji na pristopih, drugačnih od klasičnega ekonomskega razumevanja. V hladno logiko modernega poslovanja vnaša toplino, človeško noto in altruizem ter prispeva k uveljavljanju moralnih in etičnih praks in standardov.Iniciative socialnega podjetništva so zmeraj povezane s humano idejo, imajo za cilj izboljšanje splošnega družbenega počutja, za razliko od tradicionalnega podjetništva, v katerem je profit primarni cilj delovanja in glavno merilo uspeha. Socialno podjetništvo, kot model, v svoji ideološki in praktični funkciji, teži k ustvarjanju stabilne strukture, zasnovane na polni uporabi vseh človeških resursov, ki ponujajo nove načine reševanja nakopičenih družbenih in ekonomskih problemov. Pomembno število prebivalcev Bosne in Hercegovine je zelo prizadeto zaradi socialne izključenosti. Najbolj so prizadete invalidne osebe, Romi in mladina, v vseh skupinah pa še posebej ženske. Socialno podjetništvo se je kot večplasten koncept dokazalo kot primeren način za reševanje teh problemov. Praksa Evropske skupnosti kaže, da je socialno podjetništvo dober inštrument za eliminiranje revščine, socialne izključenosti in brezposelnosti. V primerjavi z modelom Evropske skupnosti potencial za razvoj socialnega podjetništva v Bosni in Hercegovini ni dovolj izkoriščen.Z upoštevanjem teh spoznanj je glavni cilj tega dela raziskati in predstaviti teoretične pristope in koncepte socialnega podjetništva in možne načine preseganja socialne izključenosti s pomočjo socialnega podjetništva, na podlagi primarnega in sekundarnega raziskovanja. Najmočnejše argumente za zavzemanje za razvoj socialnega podjetništva v Bosni in Hercegovini potrjujejo dejstva: • Občani Bosne in Hercegovine prepoznavajo, da podjetništvo lahko doprinese k zmanjšanju socialnih problemov, zlasti socialne izključenosti • Razvoj malih in srednjih podjetjih značilno vpliva na povečanje socialne vključenosti. Praktični del disertacije vključuje raziskovanje potreb za reševanje problemov socialne izključenosti, revščine in brezposelnosti ter možnih načinov reševanja teh problemov s pomočjo socialnega podjetništva. Raziskovanje stanja in možnosti razvoja socialnega podjetništva je obsegalo: 1. Anketiranje ciljnih skupin, na podlagi pripravljenega vprašalnika, je obsegalo 400 brezposelnih oseb iz marginaliziranih skupin: ženske, mlade, invalidne osebe in Rome po vsej Republiki Srbski (40 občin), v sodelovanju z nevladnimi organizacijami in Zavodom za zaposlovanje Republike Srbske. 2. Ugotovitve raziskovanja inštitucij, nevladnih organizacij ter malih in srednjih podjetjih.Na podlagi teoretičnega dela doktorske disertacije potrjujemo naslednje pomožne hipoteze: H1.1. Človeški kapital je najpomembnejši resurs za doseganje ciljev trajnostnega razvoja. H1.2. Spol je pomemben dejavnik socio-ekonomskega statusa občanov. H1.5. Z uvajanjem posebnih ukrepov in programov podpore je možno znatno pospešiti razvoj socialnega podjetništva. Na podlagi empiričnega raziskovanja delno potrjujemo naslednji pomožni hipotezi: H1.3. Občani zaznavajo podjetništvo kot mehanizem za premagovanje socialne izključenosti. H1.4. Razvoj malih in srednjih podjetij značilno vpliva na povečevanje socialne vključenosti. Na koncu delno potrjujemo našo glavno hipotezo H1: H1. Razvoj trajnostne skupnosti, opazovan skozi paradigmo socialne vključenosti, je značilno povezan z razvojem socialnega podjetništva.

V diplomskem seminarju smo ugotavljali vpliv rasti prebivalstva na gospodarsko rast. Najprej je obrazložen pojem gospodarske rasti in dejavniki, ki vplivajo nanjo. Nato je v naslednjem poglavju opisana rast prebivalstva po letih, kako se je število prebivalstva povečevalo v zadnjih desetletjih in kako se je spremenila struktura prebivalstva na svetu. Preverili smo povezavo med rastjo števila prebivalstva in kvaliteto življenja, kako ta vpliva na revščino in število otrok, predvsem v državah v razvoju. Nato smo prikazali kakšne so napovedi za nadaljnjo rast prebivalstva. V naslednjem poglavju smo ugotavljali, kakšne so posledice rasti prebivalstva v razvitih državah in državah v razvoju. Kakšna povezava je med rastjo prebivalstva in gospodarsko rastjo, ali ta omejuje gospodarsko rast, ali jo lahko uporabimo kot ekonomsko sredstvo, ali da nima bistvenega vpliva na gospodarsko rast. Nato smo ugotavljali različne mehanizme in ukrepe za obstoječe demografske trende. Za ugotavljanje vpliva rasti prebivalstva na gospodarsko rast smo analizirali demografske trende na Kitajskem in v Indiji. Najprej smo prikazali osnovne podatke o gospodarstvu države, nato demografske trende v državi in napovedi za prihodnost. S primerjanjem vseh podatkov, ki smo jih prikazali v tej analizi, smo prišli do sklepa, ki je prikazan na koncu diplomskega seminarja. In this diploma thesis, we were identifying the influence of population growth on economic growth. We first explain the concept of economic growth and the factors affecting it. Then, in the next chapter we describe the population growth over the years, how the population has increased in recent decades and how it has changed the structure of the population in the world. We checked the link between population growth and quality of life, how it affects poverty and the number of children, especially in developing countries. We then show projections for future population growth. In the next chapter we determined the consequences of population growth in developed countries and developing countries. What is the link between population growth and economic growth, and thereby restricting economic growth, or it can be used as an economic asset, or it does not have a significant impact on economic growth. Then we found a variety of mechanisms and measures for existing demographic trends. To determine the impact of population growth on economic growth, we analyzed the demographic trends in China and India. First, we show basic information about the country's economy, then the demographic trends in the country and prospects for the future. By comparing all the data that we have shown in this analysis, we then come to the conclusion, which is then shown at the end of the thesis.