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Namen našega dela je bil raziskati prisotnost anksioznosti, depresivnosti, stresa, sposobnost spoprijemanja s čustvi ter podaljšanega žalovanja pri osebah z izkušnjo izgube bližnje osebe. Zanimale pa so nas tudi razlike v anksioznosti, depresivnosti, stresu, spoprijemnju s čustvi in podaljšanem žalovanju glede na vrsto in čas od izgube. Raziskava je zajemala 250 udeležencev, od tega 210 ženskega in 40 moškega spola. Povprečna starost udeležencev je bila 44 let. V naš vzorec smo zajeli vse starostne skupine. Prisotnost motnje podaljšanega žalovanja pri udeležencih smo ocenjevali z Vprašalnikom o motnji podaljšanega žalovanja (PGD). Za merjenje prisotnosti depresije, anksioznosti in stresa smo uporabili Lestvico za merjenje prisotnosti depresije, anksioznosti in stresa (DASS 21), za merjenje spoprijemanja s čustvi pa smo uporabili krajšo verzijo vprašalnika Na čustva usmerjeno spoprijemanje (EAC). Rezultati raziskave so pokazali, da se upad funkcionalnosti pri žalujočih statistično pomembno razlikuje od spoprijemanja s čustvi v procesu žalovanja. Potrdili smo, da obstaja statistično pomembna razlika v doživljanju anksioznoznosti in depresije glede na vrsto izgube oziroma koga smo izgubili, in sicer sta anksioznost in depresivnost močneje prisotni pri tistih, ki so izgubili ožjega družinskega člana. Motnja podaljšanega žalovanja se je pomembno razlikovala med udeleženci, ki so doživeli izgubo v zadnjih treh letih, v primerjavi s tistimi, pri katerih je od izgube preteklo več kot tri leta. Prav tako smo potrdili razliko v vseh merjenih spremenljivkah glede na to, ali so udeleženci doživljali prigovarjanje okolice k čimprejšnji vključitvi v vsakdanje življenje ali ne. Smrt bližnje osebe povzorči hudo stisko in globoko zareže v življenje posameznika. Žalujoči izgubijo občutek varnosti in težko najdejo nov smisel v življenju. Porajajo se zelo močna čustva in občutja, zato potrebujejo veliko podpore, sočutja, sprejetosti in predvsem slišanosti, kjer pa ni prostora za svetovanje. Žalujoči lahko skozi obrede žalovanja izrazijo čutenja in misli v simboličnem svetu. S tem si lajšajo žalovanje in dajejo pomen smrti. Žalujočim omogočajo, da se ob njih povežejo, sodelujejo in se podpirajo, kar ima za žalujoče veliko vrednost pri nadaljnjih korakih v življenju. A purpose of our work was to research the presence of anxiety, depression, stress, ability to cope with emotions and prolonged grief in individuals with experience of losing a loved one. In addition, their differences in regards to a type and time passed from the loss were also in our interest. The research encompassed 250 participants, 210 of women and 40 of man genders. All age groups were included. The average age of the participants was 44 years. With a special questionnaire Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD), presence of prolonged grief disorder was assessed and evaluated. For quantitative measures of distress including presence of depression, anxiety and stress, a designated scale Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS 21) was utilized. For measurement of coping with emotions, a short version of a questionnaire of coping with emotions Emotion Approach Coping scale (EAC) was used. Results of the research revealed that decrease of functionality of the mourners is dependent on their ability to cope with emotions and thus statistically significantly differ. The results of the study showed that the decline in functionality in mourners is statistically significantly different from coping with emotions in the grieving process. We statistically confirmed that an important difference exists in the experience of anxiety and depression with respect to the type of the loss or who we lost. Namely, anxiety and depression are prevalent in those who lost a close relative. The prolonged grief disorder significantly differs among participants who experienced the loss in the last three years and those who experienced their loss more than three years ago. Also, we confirmed a difference in all measured variables depending on whether the participants experienced or not counseling support from their environment toward their anticipating re-integration into their daily life. Passing of a loved one causes major distress and deep scars in the life of an individual. The mourners lose their sense of security and realize that finding their new meaning in life is difficult. Very strong emotions and feelings are coming through. Hence, these individuals need a lot of support, compassion, acceptance and above all being heard where there is no room for advice. The mourners can express their feelings and thoughts symbolically through mourning rituals. By doing so, they alleviate their grief and can better grasp the meaning of death. Also, these rituals enable mourners to connect and cooperate as well as support each other. This gives a high value to the mourners in their next steps in life.

Namen magistrskega dela je bilo raziskati pojavnost odtujenega odnosa med partnerjema, in povezanost samospoštovanja z agresivnim vedenjem partnerja in kakovostjo partnerskega odnosa. Zanimalo nas je, kolikšna je stopnja samospoštovanja glede na agresivno vedenje partnerja in kakšna je kakovost partnerskih odnosov glede na posameznikovo samospoštovanje. Vzorec je zajemal 266 udeležencev (od tega 84,2 % žensk in 15,8 % moških), ki so izpolnili Vprašalnik zakonske nezadovoljnosti – MDS, Vprašalnik agresije – AQ in Rosenbergovo lestvico samospoštovanja – RSES. Ugotovili smo, da posamezniki z nižjim samospoštovanjem pogosteje izražajo agresijo in so manj zadovoljni s svojim partnerskim odnosom, kar se posledično povezuje z nizko kakovostjo partnerskega odnosa. Prav tako smo ugotovili, da obstajajo statistično pomembne razlike v partnerski odtujenosti glede na čas trajanja partnerske zveze, kajti posamezniki, ki so v partnerski zvezi manj časa, so si v primerjavi s posamezniki, ki so v partnerski zvezi dlje časa, bolj odtujeni, bolj odtujeni so si tudi tisti partnerji, ki imajo otroke. Na podlagi raziskave smo ugotovili, da ne prihaja do statistično pomembnih razlik med agresijo in udeležbo v partnerski terapiji, v nobeni od pod dimenzij agresije. Raziskava ponuja spoznanja in nov pogled o povezanosti tovrstnih konstruktov, pušča odprt prostor za nadaljnje raziskave ter lažje razumevanje še tako zapletenega področja, kot so partnerski odnosi. The purpose of the master's thesis was to investigate the occurrence of an alienated relationship between partners, and the relationship between self-esteem and aggressive partner behavior and the quality of the partnership. We were interested in the level of self-esteem in relation to the aggressive behavior of the partner and the quality of the partner relationship in relation to the individual's self-esteem. The sample included 266 participants (of which 84.2% were women and 15.8% were men) who completed a marital dissatisfaction questionnaire - MDS, an aggression questionnaire - AQ and the Rosenberg self-esteem scale - RSES. We found that individuals with lower self-esteem are more likely to express aggression and are less satisfied with their partnership, which in turn is associated with a low quality partnership. We also found that there are statistically significant differences in partner alienation according to the duration of the partnership, because individuals who are in a partnership for less time are more alienated compared to those who are in a partnership for a longer period of time. Those partners who have children are also more alienated. Based on our research, we found that there are no statistically significant differences between aggression and participation in partner therapy in any of the sub-dimensions of aggression. The research offers insights into and a new perspective on the interconnectedness of such constructs, leaving open space for further research and easier understanding of even such a complex area as partnerships.

Motnje osebnosti so sklop patoloških osebnostnih potez takšne intenzivnosti, da privedejo do pomembnih motenj delovanja v psihi in v odnosih z drugimi. Zato se vzporedno pojavljajo motnje v čustvovanju, doživljanju, odzivanju, vedenju ter težave v medosebnih odnosih. Ne gre zanemariti ljudi, ki imajo kakršnokoli motnjo. Ne glede na to, za kakšno motnjo gre, bodisi osebnostno bodisi duševno, je to lahko zelo resen družben problem. Problem, ki se ne tiče samo posameznika, ki motnjo ima. To zajema tudi vse ljudi, ki osebo z motnjo obkrožajo. Borderline osebnostna motnja, ki jo bom predstavila v svojem diplomskem delu, je najpogostejša osebnostna motnja. Za bordeline osebnostno motnjo ali mejno osebnostno motnjo so značilni impulzivno vedenje, intenzivna čustva in strah pred samoto. Zaradi teh in še številnih drugih značilnosti je njena sestava zelo kompleksna, zato ljudje velikokrat zamenjajo s katero od drugih motenj, kot so depresija, bipolarna motnja, itd. Kot vse motnje, tudi mejna motnja vpliva na okolico. Za osebe s to motnjo so značilni ne obvladovani izbruhi jeze in nihanje razpoloženja iz ene skrajnosti v drugo, kar je lahko zelo naporno za njihove bližnje. Okolica največkrat ne ve, kako se odzivati ob takem stanju. Najhuje je, da njihovo obnašanje lahko privede do deviantnih dejanj, lahko celo do hujših dejanj, kot so kriminalna dejanja. Zaradi narave mejne osebnostne motnje imajo lahko dejanja takšnih oseb tudi hujše posledice. Da bi se izognili tem ravnanjem, je potrebno, da bližnji ali okolica prepoznajo nenormalno vedenje in tudi primerno ukrepajo. Ukrepajo tako, da mu nudijo strokovno pomoč oziroma mu nudijo zdravljenje, ki je za tovrstno motnjo potrebno. Personality disorders are a set of pathological personality traits such intensity that resulted in significant dysfunction in the human psyche and in relationships with others. Therefore, the parallel occurring disorders in feeling, experiencing, response, behavior and problems in interpersonal relationships. Do not overlook people who have any kind of disorder. Irrespective of the type of problem, either personally or mentally, it can be a very serious social problem. The problem, which does not concern the only individual who has a disorder. This includes all the people who surround the person with the disorder. Borderline personality disorder, which I will present in my thesis, is the most common personality disorder. For bordeline personality disorder is characterized by impulsive behavior, intense feelings and fear of loneliness. Because of these and many other features that its composition is very complex, because of that people often blend with any of the other disorders such as depression, bipolar disorder, etc. Like any disturbance to the limit disturbance impact on the environment. Their uncontrollable outbursts of anger and mood swings from one extreme to another can be very tiring for their loved ones. Surroundings often do not know how to react when such a condition. The worst part is that their behavior can lead to deviant acts, even to serious offenses of criminal offenses. Due to the nature of borderline personality disorder can occur up to serious consequences caused by their actions. To avoid this behavior, it is necessary that the near surroundings or familiy recognize abnormal behavior and take appropriate action. Measure so that it provides professional assistance or providing a treatment that is required for this species disorder.