20 results on '"tunneln"'
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2. Dielektrisch modulierter Biosensor basierend auf vertikalem Tunnel-Feldeffekt-Transistor
- Author
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Wangkheirakpam, Vandana Devi, Bhowmick, Brinda, Pukhrambam, Puspa Devi, Dutta, Gorachand, editor, and Biswas, Arindam, editor
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Formation of a Tunneling Product in the Photorearrangement of o-Nitrobenzaldehyde.
- Author
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Gerbig, Dennis and Schreiner, Peter R.
- Subjects
- *
PHOTOCHEMISTRY , *CHEMICAL reactions , *KETENES , *HYDROGEN transfer reactions , *IRRADIATION - Abstract
The photochemical rearrangement of o-nitrobenzaldehyde to o-nitrosobenzoic acid, first reported in 1901, has been shown to proceed via a distinct ketene intermediate. In the course of matrix isolation experiments in various host materials at temperatures as low as 3 K, the ketene was re-investigated in its electronic and vibrational ground states. It was shown that hitherto unreported H-tunneling dominates its reactivity, with half-lives of a few minutes. Unexpectedly, the tunneling product is different from o-nitrosobenzoic acid formed in the photoprocess: Once prepared by irradiation, the ketene spontaneously rearranges to an isoxazolone via an intriguing mechanism initiated by H-tunneling. CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ computations reveal that this isoxazolone is neither thermodynamically nor kinetically favored under the experimental conditions, and that formation of this unique tunneling product constitutes a remarkable and new example of tunneling control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. You spin me right round - Computational and experimental studies on conformer-specific reactivity in hydroxycarbenes
- Author
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Quanz, Henrik and Justus Liebig University Giessen
- Subjects
ddc:500 ,Carbene ,Tunneln ,QMT ,Hydroxycarbene ,Konformer ,Tunnex - Abstract
Hydroxycarbenes (R–C̈–OH) are known ligands in so-called Fischer-complexes. Still, the scientific community debated the existence of “free” hydroxycarbenes until the isolation of the simplest hydroxycarbene, hydroxymethylene (R=H), which Schreiner et al. achieved at cryogenic temperatures. Surprisingly, hydroxymethylene is not persistent and reacts quickly to formaldehyde despite a high barrier, concluding that quantum mechanical tunneling (QMT) must be involved. As QMT is not only dependent on the reaction barrier height but also on the reaction barrier width—which hard to model—there is a significant challenge in the rational design of reactions. Especially, the reduction of a conformer's activation barrier to its product has a distinct influence on the product ratio (Curtin-Hammett principle). Nevertheless, we have not observed the s-cis-conformer of hydroxycarbenes and their reactivity. Hence, we explored the generation of s-cis hydroxycarbenes by applying two different strategies. In the first publication, we tried to isolate the s-cis-conformer of trifluoromethylhydroxycarbene (F₃C–C̈–OH), which is stabilized by an intramolecular H–F bridge. Indeed, after irradiation with UV light, we could observe the s-cis conformer. The s-trans-conformer displays the typical [1,2]H-shift to trifluoroacetaldeyde through QMT, whereas the s-cis-conformer does not transform. Hence, trifluoromethylhydroxycarbene shows conformer-specific tunneling. The established Curtin Hammett principle is not applicable because a significant activation barrier separates the two conformers, making fast equilibration impossible. At thetime of the publication, trifluoromethylhydroxycarbene showed the longest measurable half-life (𝜏 = 144 h) of all previously isolated hydroxycarbenes. Hence, the push-pull substitution of the substituents OH and CF₃ may stabilize carbenes, which was later observed for other hydroxycarbenes. In the second publication, we addressed whether it was possible to generate conformers in hydroxycarbenes through stimulation with near-infrared light (NIR). We investigated the system of dihydroxycarbene, which has three different conformers and is an essential intermediate on the [H₂CO₂] potential energy surface. The s-cis,s-trans-conformer and the s-trans,s-trans-conformer were known, but not the s-cis,s-cis-conformer, an essential intermediate in the bimolecular reaction of H₂ and CO₂. We could transform either conformer to the previously unobserved s-cis,s-cis conformer through NIR irradiation. At 3 K, the s-cis,s-cis-conformer is not stable and undergoes QMT back to the s-cis,s-trans-conformer within 22 minutes. We found indications for a second QMT reaction of the s-cis,s-cis-conformer, possibly a decomposition to CO₂ and H₂, which we could confirm by computations. In the third publication, we presented a program suite to compute tunneling half-lives in a simple fashion (TUNNEX) using the Wentzel, Kramers, and Brillouin (WKB) method. The necessity arose during the last project as to accelerate the computation of QMT half-lives. After generating the reaction path using Gaussian—a widely used quantum chemistry program—the user deploys a helper tool to generate the data necessary for WKB computation. After import in TUNNEX, the user defines the parameters and computes the QMT half-life. The program is free to use and published online. It uses openly available libraries for interpolation and integration of the tunneling path. TUNNEX is the first entry point for computing the QMT half-lives and is as user-friendly as possible.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Exceptional Isotopic-Substitution Effect: Breakdown of Collective Proton Tunneling in Hexagonal Ice due to Partial Deuteration.
- Author
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Drechsel ‐ Grau, Christof and Marx, Dominik
- Subjects
- *
DEUTERATION , *CHEMICAL reactions , *PROTON tunneling , *PROTON transfer reactions , *HYDROGEN bonding - Abstract
Multiple proton transfer controls many chemical reactions in hydrogen-bonded networks. However, in contrast to well-understood single proton transfer, the mechanisms of correlated proton transfer and of correlated proton tunneling in particular have remained largely elusive. Herein, fully quantized ab initio simulations are used to investigate H/D isotopic-substitution effects on the mechanism of the collective tunneling of six protons within proton-ordered cyclic water hexamers that are contained in proton-disordered ice, a prototypical hydrogen-bonded network. At the transition state, isotopic substitution leads to a Zundel-like complex, [HO⋅⋅⋅D⋅⋅⋅OH], which localizes ionic defects and thus inhibits perfectly correlated proton tunneling. These insights into fundamental aspects of collective proton tunneling not only rationalize recent neutron-scattering experiments, but also stimulate investigations into multiple proton transfer in hydrogen-bonded networks much beyond ice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. tunneln
- Author
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Herrmann, Helmut and Bucksch, Herbert
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Die Struktur des Benzoldimers - die Dynamik gewinnt.
- Author
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Schnell, Melanie, Erlekam, Undine, Bunker, P. R., von Helden, Gert, Grabow, Jens ‐ Uwe, Meijer, Gerard, and van der Avoird, Ad
- Abstract
Ein wichtiger Prototyp für das Studium nichtkovalenter Wechselwirkungen – das Benzoldimer – zeigt charakteristische, lange nicht verstandene Aufspaltungsmuster im Rotationsspektrum. Ein theoretisches Modell deckt nun ihre Ursprünge auf: eine konzertierte interne Bewegung mit sechsfach gehindertem Rotationstunneln des Stamms in der T ‐ förmigen Struktur sowie eine Kippbewegung der Kappe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. QUANTUM BEATS OF EXCITONS IN QUANTUM WELLS
- Author
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S. Schmitt-Rink, W. Schäfer, Karl Leo, Ernst O. Göbel, T. C. Damen, Klaus Köhler, Jagdeep Shah, J. F. Müller, and Publica
- Subjects
PL ,III-V semiconductors ,Exciton ,Quantum point contact ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Zeitaufgelöste PL ,tunneln ,tunnelling ,Condensed Matter::Materials Science ,tunneling ,Quantum beats ,Quantum mechanics ,III-V Halbleiter ,Quantum well ,Biexciton ,Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases ,Physics ,Quantum optics ,Condensed matter physics ,Condensed Matter::Other ,gekoppelte Quantum Wells ,Cavity quantum electrodynamics ,Statistical and Nonlinear Physics ,Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect ,Condensed Matter Physics ,coupled quantum wells ,quantum wells ,time resolved PL ,Quantum dot ,Excited state ,photoluminescence ,Quantum-optical spectroscopy - Abstract
We briefly review our recent observations of quantum beats of excitons in quantum wells. The quantum beats are observed as an oscillatory structure in the polarization decay of energetically closely spaced excitons which are coherently excited by ultrashort laser pulses.
- Published
- 1991
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Growth and anisotropic transport properties of self-assembled InAs nanostructures in InP
- Author
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Bierwagen, Oliver, Masselink, W. T., Fornari, R., and Salamo, G. J.
- Subjects
Quantengraben ,Streuung ,MBE ,nanostructure ,quantum well ,Transport ,quantum wire ,Selbstorganisation ,Quantendraht ,Absorption ,Quantenpunkt ,tunneling ,Transmission ,ddc:530 ,transport anisotropy ,coupling ,Polarisation ,polarization ,InAs auf InP ,Anisotropie ,scattering ,quantum dot ,530 Physik ,Hopping Transport ,self-assembled growth ,29 Physik, Astronomie ,hopping ,Kopplung ,Photolumineszenz ,InAs on InP ,photoluminescence ,Tunneln ,Nanostruktur ,van der Pauw - Abstract
Selbstorganisierte InAs Nanostrukturen in InP, wie Quantendrähte, Quantenpunkte, und Quantengräben als Referenz, werden bezüglich ihres Wachstums, ihrer Struktur, optischen Eigenschaften und Transporteigenschaften untersucht. Das Stranski-Krastanov Wachstum der Nanostrukturen auf exakt orientiertem und vizinalem InP(001) wird mittels Gasquellen-Molekularstrahlepitaxie untersucht. Ich zeige, dass die Missorientierung des vizinalen InP, weitestgehend unabhängig von den Wachstumsparametern, den Nanostrukturtyp definiert. Optische Polarisation der Interbandübergänge (im 1.55 Mikrometer Bereich) aufgrund des Nanostrukturtyps wird mittels Photolumineszenz- und Transmissionsspektroskopie wird nachgewiesen. Die experimentell unaufwändige 4-Kontakt van der Pauw Hall Messung wird erweitert, um anisotrope Transporteigenschaften zu bestimmen. Der Ladungstägertransport in einer Schicht dicht gepackter, lateral gekoppelter InAs Nanostrukturen ist stark anisotrop mit der Hochbeweglichkeitsrichtung [-110], was parallel zur Richtung der Quantendrähte ist. Die maximalen Anisotropien übersteigen 30 für Elektronen und 100 für Löcher. Die extreme Anisotropie im Falle der Löcher basiert auf diffusem Transport in der [-110], und Hoppingtransport in der [110] direction. Die Elektronenbeweglichkeit bei niedrigen Temperaturen wird duch Grenzflächenrauhigkeitsstreuung in der [110] direction, und Streuung an entfernten Störstellen in der [-110] dominiert. Im Kontext gekoppelter Nanostrukturen, zeige ich, dass die Transportanisotropie auf anisotroper Tunnelkopplung zwischen benachbarten Nanostrukturen beruht, und weniger durch die Form der Nanostruktur bestimmt wird. Transport im Quanten-Hall Regime, und die Schwache Lokalisierung werden untersucht. Ein neuartiges Baulelement basierend auf Gate-konrollierter Transportanisotropie wird vorgeschlagen. Es wird gezeigt, dass modulationsdotierte InAs Quantendrähte für eine Implementierung des Bauelements geeignet sind. Self-assembled InAs nanostructures in InP, comprising quantum wires, quantum dots, and quantum wells as reference, are studied in terms of their formation, structural properties, optical properties, and anisotropic transport properties. The Stranski-Krastanov growth of InAs nanostructures is studied by gas-source molecular beam epitaxy on both nominally oriented and vicinal InP(001). I demonstrate that the off-cut direction of vicinal substrates - largely independent of growth conditions - determines the nanostructure type. Optical polarization of the interband transitions (in the 1.55 micron wavelength range) arising from the nanostructure type is demonstrated by photoluminescence and transmission spectroscopy. The experimentally convenient four-contact van der Pauw Hall measurement is extended to yield the anisotropic transport properties. The in-plane transport in large ensembles of closely spaced, laterally coupled InAs nanostructures is highly anisotropic with the high-mobility direction [-110], which is parallel to the direction of the quantum wires. The maximum anisotropies exceed 30 for electrons, and 100 for holes. The extreme anisotropy for holes is due to diffusive transport in the [-110], and hopping transport in the [110] direction. The principal electron mobilities at low temperature are dominated by interface roughness scattering in the [110] direction, and by remote impurity scattering in the [-110] direction. In the context of coupled nanostructure, I demonstrate that the transport anisotropy results from directionally anisotropic tunnel coupling between adjacent nanostructures rather than from the nanostructure shape anisotropy. The Quantum-Hall regime, and the weak-localization contribution to conductivity is studied. A novel 5-terminal electronic switching device based on gate-controlled transport anisotropy is proposed. Modulation-doped InAs/InP quantum wires are demonstrated to be a candidate for implementation of the device.
- Published
- 2007
10. Growth and anisotropic transport properties of self-assembled InAs nanostructures in InP
- Author
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Masselink, W. T., Fornari, R., Salamo, G. J., Bierwagen, Oliver, Masselink, W. T., Fornari, R., Salamo, G. J., and Bierwagen, Oliver
- Abstract
Selbstorganisierte InAs Nanostrukturen in InP, wie Quantendrähte, Quantenpunkte, und Quantengräben als Referenz, werden bezüglich ihres Wachstums, ihrer Struktur, optischen Eigenschaften und Transporteigenschaften untersucht. Das Stranski-Krastanov Wachstum der Nanostrukturen auf exakt orientiertem und vizinalem InP(001) wird mittels Gasquellen-Molekularstrahlepitaxie untersucht. Ich zeige, dass die Missorientierung des vizinalen InP, weitestgehend unabhängig von den Wachstumsparametern, den Nanostrukturtyp definiert. Optische Polarisation der Interbandübergänge (im 1.55 Mikrometer Bereich) aufgrund des Nanostrukturtyps wird mittels Photolumineszenz- und Transmissionsspektroskopie wird nachgewiesen. Die experimentell unaufwändige 4-Kontakt van der Pauw Hall Messung wird erweitert, um anisotrope Transporteigenschaften zu bestimmen. Der Ladungstägertransport in einer Schicht dicht gepackter, lateral gekoppelter InAs Nanostrukturen ist stark anisotrop mit der Hochbeweglichkeitsrichtung [-110], was parallel zur Richtung der Quantendrähte ist. Die maximalen Anisotropien übersteigen 30 für Elektronen und 100 für Löcher. Die extreme Anisotropie im Falle der Löcher basiert auf diffusem Transport in der [-110], und Hoppingtransport in der [110] direction. Die Elektronenbeweglichkeit bei niedrigen Temperaturen wird duch Grenzflächenrauhigkeitsstreuung in der [110] direction, und Streuung an entfernten Störstellen in der [-110] dominiert. Im Kontext gekoppelter Nanostrukturen, zeige ich, dass die Transportanisotropie auf anisotroper Tunnelkopplung zwischen benachbarten Nanostrukturen beruht, und weniger durch die Form der Nanostruktur bestimmt wird. Transport im Quanten-Hall Regime, und die Schwache Lokalisierung werden untersucht. Ein neuartiges Baulelement basierend auf Gate-konrollierter Transportanisotropie wird vorgeschlagen. Es wird gezeigt, dass modulationsdotierte InAs Quantendrähte für eine Implementierung des Bauelements geeignet sind., Self-assembled InAs nanostructures in InP, comprising quantum wires, quantum dots, and quantum wells as reference, are studied in terms of their formation, structural properties, optical properties, and anisotropic transport properties. The Stranski-Krastanov growth of InAs nanostructures is studied by gas-source molecular beam epitaxy on both nominally oriented and vicinal InP(001). I demonstrate that the off-cut direction of vicinal substrates - largely independent of growth conditions - determines the nanostructure type. Optical polarization of the interband transitions (in the 1.55 micron wavelength range) arising from the nanostructure type is demonstrated by photoluminescence and transmission spectroscopy. The experimentally convenient four-contact van der Pauw Hall measurement is extended to yield the anisotropic transport properties. The in-plane transport in large ensembles of closely spaced, laterally coupled InAs nanostructures is highly anisotropic with the high-mobility direction [-110], which is parallel to the direction of the quantum wires. The maximum anisotropies exceed 30 for electrons, and 100 for holes. The extreme anisotropy for holes is due to diffusive transport in the [-110], and hopping transport in the [110] direction. The principal electron mobilities at low temperature are dominated by interface roughness scattering in the [110] direction, and by remote impurity scattering in the [-110] direction. In the context of coupled nanostructure, I demonstrate that the transport anisotropy results from directionally anisotropic tunnel coupling between adjacent nanostructures rather than from the nanostructure shape anisotropy. The Quantum-Hall regime, and the weak-localization contribution to conductivity is studied. A novel 5-terminal electronic switching device based on gate-controlled transport anisotropy is proposed. Modulation-doped InAs/InP quantum wires are demonstrated to be a candidate for implementation of the device.
- Published
- 2007
11. Self-consistent Monte Carlo calculation of electron accumulation and charge transport in n-type GaAs field emitters
- Author
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Moglestue, C., Gray, H.F., and Publica
- Subjects
tunneln ,Teilchenverteilung ,tunnelling ,field emitter ,GaAs ,particle distribution ,Feldemitter - Abstract
We have studied the transport and tunnelling of electrons in a wedge-shaped GaAs field emitter by means of the Monte Carlo Particle model. This approach has been chosen because it yields a self-consistent solution of Boltzmanns transport and Poisson's field equation in space and time, as well as providing a profound first principles physics insight into details of electron dynamics. We found that most of the emission takes place from the side of the emitter near the top because the spherical top itself is too small to contain a significant number of particles. The hottest electrons tend to reside in the highest conduction band minima but rarely exceed one electronvolt above them.
- Published
- 1994
12. Coherent oscillations of a wave packet in a semiconductor double-quantum-well structure
- Author
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Stefan Schmitt-Rink, T. C. Damen, W. Schäfer, Karl Leo, Ernst O. Göbel, Jagdeep Shah, Klaus Köhler, and Publica
- Subjects
Physics ,Quantum optics ,Diffraction ,picosecond optoelectronic ,III-V semiconductors ,Oscillation ,Wave packet ,Degenerate energy levels ,General Physics and Astronomy ,heterostructure ,Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect ,Zeitaufgelöste PL ,tunneln ,Four-wave mixing ,quantum wells ,tunneling ,time resolved PL ,Quantum mechanics ,Computer Science::Networking and Internet Architecture ,III-V Halbleiter ,Atomic physics ,Ultrashort pulse ,Heterostruktur ,Excitation - Abstract
We present the first observation of the spatial dynamics of a wavepacket in a solid. Using an ultrashort laser pulse, we create an excitonic wavepacket in one well of an asymmetric double quantum well structure. The oscillation of this wavepacket from one well to another and back is traced by time- resolved pump-probe spectroscopy as well as time- resolved degenerate fourwave-mixing. We present results for two GaAs/AlGaAs double quantum wells with oscillation periods of about 1.3ps and 800fs, respectively. The experimental observations are compared with a theory that shows that the two experimental techniques give complementary information about the relaxation dynamics of the coupled system. The analysis of the experiment explains the strong damping of the oscillations by the fast thermalization between the delocalized states. We present the first study of the dynamics of an extended electronic wave packet in a solid. The wave packet is created in a GaAs/AlGaAs double-quantum-well stru cture by ultrashort pulse excitation. We observe the oscillatory motion of the wave packet between the two wells by using time-resolved degenerate four-wave-mixing and pump-and-probe spectroscopy.
- Published
- 1991
13. Resonant-tunneling transfer times between asymmetric GaAs/Al(0.35)Ga(0.65)As double quantum wells
- Author
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Alexander, M.G.W., Nido, M., Rühle, W.W., Köhler, K., and Publica
- Subjects
tunneln ,III-V semiconductors ,quantum wells ,tunneling ,zeitaufgelöste Photolumineszenz ,gekoppelte Quantum Wells ,III-V Halbleiter ,time resolved photoluminescence ,coupled quantum wells - Abstract
Electron tunneling through the barrier in asymmetric double-quantum-well structures is investigated by time-resolved picosecond luminescence spectroscopy. Change from nonresonant to resonant tunneling is achieved with a perpendicular electric field. Energetic alignment of electron subbands in the two wells strongly enhances tunneling transfer rates. The resonant transfer times decrease strongly with barrier thickness. The wells are coupled at resonance by energy-conserving scattering processes between states localized in a single well. The buildup of delocalized coherent states at resonance would lead to much shorter transfer times.
- Published
- 1990
14. Electron tunneling via gamma- and chi-states in GaAs/Al0.35Ga0.65As double quantum well structures
- Author
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Alexander, M.G.W., Nido, M., Rühle, W.W., Reimann, K., Ploog, K., Köhler, K., and Publica
- Subjects
tunneln ,III-V semiconductors ,quantum wells ,tunneling ,zeitaufgelöste Photolumineszenz ,gekoppelte Quantum Wells ,III-V Halbleiter ,time resolved photoluminescence ,coupled quantum wells - Abstract
Non-resonant electron tunneling through a 6nm thick Al sub 0.35 Ga sub 0.65 As barrier is investigated by time-resolved photoluminescence. Application of hydrostatic pressure at 5 K reveals that tunneling via virtual X-states is at least 800 times less efficient than via virtual Gamma-states. Above 24.5 kbar an extremely fast scattering of electrons out of the n=1 quantized level of the narrower quantum well into real X-states in the barriers is observed.
- Published
- 1990
15. Quantum beats of free and bound excitons in GaAs/Al(x)Ga(1-x)As quantum wells
- Author
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Leo, K., Shah, J., Köhler, K., Damen, T.C., and Publica
- Subjects
PL ,tunneln ,tunnelling ,III-V semiconductors ,quantum wells ,tunneling ,time resolved PL ,gekoppelte Quantum Wells ,photoluminescence ,III-V Halbleiter ,coupled quantum wells ,Zeitaufgelöste PL - Abstract
We report the observation of quantum beats in the decay of the coherent polarization of intrinsic excitations in GaAs/GaAlAs quantum wells. The beating arises from interference of excitons with slightly different quantum confinement energy due to well-width fluctuations.
- Published
- 1990
16. Tunneling in semiconductor heterostructures studied by subpicosecond four-wave mixing
- Author
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Damen, T.C., Ganser, P., Göbel, E.O., Köhler, K., Leo, K., Shah, J., and Publica
- Subjects
tunneln ,III-V semiconductors ,quantum wells ,zeitaufgelöste Photolumineszenz ,time-resolved photoluminescence ,gekoppelte Quantum Wells ,III-V Halbleiter ,coupled quantum wells ,tunnelung - Abstract
We apply time-resolved four-wave mixing as novel tool to study resonant tunneling of carriers in semiconductor heterostructures. The polarization decay of excitons in a quantum well is much faster when the alignment of the electron levels in adjacent wells leads to resonant tunneling and subsequent scattering of the carriers.
- Published
- 1990
17. Titelbild: Die Struktur des Benzoldimers - die Dynamik gewinnt (Angew. Chem. 19/2013).
- Author
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Schnell, Melanie, Erlekam, Undine, Bunker, P. R., von Helden, Gert, Grabow, Jens ‐ Uwe, Meijer, Gerard, and van der Avoird, Ad
- Abstract
Das Benzoldimer hat eine asymmetrische, T ‐ förmige Gleichgewichtsstruktur, weist aber das Rotationsspektrum eines symmetrischen Kreisels mit reicher Unterstruktur auf. In ihrer experimentellen und theoretischen Studie auf S. 5288 ff. zeigen A. Schnell, A. van der Avoird et al., dass diese Unterstruktur durch die gemeinsame Bewegung der sechsfach gehinderten Rotationsbewegung des Stamms und der Kippbewegung der Kappe verursacht wird. Das unerwartete Spektrum eines symmetrischen Kreisels entsteht durch die quasi ‐ freie Rotation der Kappe. Die Eigenschaften des Benzoldimers im Rotationsspektrum werden also durch seine interne Dynamik bestimmt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Quantum engineering of a low-entropy sample of RbCs molecules in an optical lattice
- Author
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Schindewolf, Andreas Gerhard Alfred and Schindewolf, Andreas Gerhard Alfred
- Abstract
Ultrakalte Moleküle mit elektrischen Dipolmomenten erfahren derzeit großes Interesse seitens theoretischer und experimenteller Quantenphysiker. Auf Grund der lange Lebensdauer stabiler Grundzustandsmoleküle in Kombination mit der starken, langreichweitigen Wechselwirkung der elektrischen Dipolmomente sind dipolare Moleküle ideal geeignet zur Erforschung von exotischen Quanten-Zuständen in optischen Gittern, wie zum Beispiel der Suprasolidität eines wechselwirkenden Vielteilchen-Systems. Weitere potentielle Anwendungen finden dipolare Moleküle in der Simulation von Spin-Systemen oder in der Realisierung von Quantencomputern. Die Umsetzung der meisten dieser Vorschläge basiert auf Ensembles von dipolaren Molekülen mit geringer Entropie in Gittern. Solche ultrakalten Molekül-Ensembles in optischen Gittern zu präparieren, stellt dabei jedoch eine große experimentelle Herausforderung dar. In der Vergangenheit gelang es nicht, Ensembles aus dipolaren Molekülen mit geringer Entropie in Gittern zu realisieren. Die Molekül-Ensembles wurden üblicherweise zunächst ohne Gitter erzeugt und in manchen Fällen im Anschluss in ein optisches Gitter geladen. Die erreichten Phasenraumdichten der Molekülensembles waren zu gering, um Systeme mit geringer Entropie zu erzeugen. In dieser Dissertation wird eine neue Methode vorgestellt, bei der Ensembles aus schwachgebundenen, heteronuklearen Molekülen direkt in einem optischen Gitter erzeugt werden. Dadurch lassen sich deutlich niedrigere Entropien erreichen, was einen idealen Ausgangspunkt für weiterführende Experimente mit dipolaren Molekülen in Gittern darstellt. Diese Arbeit ist wie folgt strukturiert: Zunächst wird die Erzeugung von 87Rb133Cs-Molkülen, den dipolaren Molekülen unserer Wahl, allgemein beschrieben. Ausgangspunkt sind hierfür ultrakalte Ensembles aus Rb- und Cs-Atomen. Die Atome werden mit Hilfe einer Feshbach-Resonanz zu schwachgebundenen RbCs-Molekülen zusammengeführt. Anschließend werden die schwachgebundenen Moleküle, Ultracold molecules with electric dipole moments are currently of large interest to the community of experimental and theoretical quantum physicists. Due to the long lifetime of stable ground-state molecules in combination with the strong long-range interaction of the electronic dipole moments, dipolar molecules are ideal candidates to study exotic quantum phases in optical lattices, such as the many-body lattice super solid. Further potential applications of dipolar molecules are the simulation of spin systems, or to use them as a platform for quantum computation. Most of these proposals require a low-entropy sample of dipolar molecules in a lattice. However, it is a great experimental challenge to prepare such ultracold molecular samples in an optical lattice. In the past the realization of low-entropy samples of dipolar molecules in lattices was not feasible. The molecular samples were typically created in the absence of a lattice and in some cases the samples were loaded into an optical lattice subsequently. The resulting phase-space densities of the molecular samples were too low to form low-entropy samples. In this thesis a novel method is introduced that is based on the formation of weakly bound heteronuclear molecules directly in an optical lattice. This way, a significantly lower entropy can be achieved, which presents an ideal starting point to study dipolar molecules in a lattice. This thesis is structured as follows: Initially, the preparation of 87Rb133Cs ground-state molecules, the dipolar molecules of our choice, is introduced. We start from ultracold samples of Rb and Cs atoms. The atoms are associated to weakly bound RbCs molecules by means of a magnetic Feshbach resonance. Subsequently the weakly bound molecules are transferred to their rovibrational and hyperfine ground-state via stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP). Next, we demonstrate our method to form the weakly bound RbCs molecules directly in a three-dimensional (3D) optical lattice., by Andreas Schindewolf, Kumulative Dissertation aus zwei Artikeln, Zusammenfassung in deutscher Sprache, Dissertation University of Innsbruck 2018
19. Quantum engineering of a low-entropy sample of RbCs molecules in an optical lattice
- Author
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Schindewolf, Andreas Gerhard Alfred and Schindewolf, Andreas Gerhard Alfred
- Abstract
Ultrakalte Moleküle mit elektrischen Dipolmomenten erfahren derzeit großes Interesse seitens theoretischer und experimenteller Quantenphysiker. Auf Grund der lange Lebensdauer stabiler Grundzustandsmoleküle in Kombination mit der starken, langreichweitigen Wechselwirkung der elektrischen Dipolmomente sind dipolare Moleküle ideal geeignet zur Erforschung von exotischen Quanten-Zuständen in optischen Gittern, wie zum Beispiel der Suprasolidität eines wechselwirkenden Vielteilchen-Systems. Weitere potentielle Anwendungen finden dipolare Moleküle in der Simulation von Spin-Systemen oder in der Realisierung von Quantencomputern. Die Umsetzung der meisten dieser Vorschläge basiert auf Ensembles von dipolaren Molekülen mit geringer Entropie in Gittern. Solche ultrakalten Molekül-Ensembles in optischen Gittern zu präparieren, stellt dabei jedoch eine große experimentelle Herausforderung dar. In der Vergangenheit gelang es nicht, Ensembles aus dipolaren Molekülen mit geringer Entropie in Gittern zu realisieren. Die Molekül-Ensembles wurden üblicherweise zunächst ohne Gitter erzeugt und in manchen Fällen im Anschluss in ein optisches Gitter geladen. Die erreichten Phasenraumdichten der Molekülensembles waren zu gering, um Systeme mit geringer Entropie zu erzeugen. In dieser Dissertation wird eine neue Methode vorgestellt, bei der Ensembles aus schwachgebundenen, heteronuklearen Molekülen direkt in einem optischen Gitter erzeugt werden. Dadurch lassen sich deutlich niedrigere Entropien erreichen, was einen idealen Ausgangspunkt für weiterführende Experimente mit dipolaren Molekülen in Gittern darstellt. Diese Arbeit ist wie folgt strukturiert: Zunächst wird die Erzeugung von 87Rb133Cs-Molkülen, den dipolaren Molekülen unserer Wahl, allgemein beschrieben. Ausgangspunkt sind hierfür ultrakalte Ensembles aus Rb- und Cs-Atomen. Die Atome werden mit Hilfe einer Feshbach-Resonanz zu schwachgebundenen RbCs-Molekülen zusammengeführt. Anschließend werden die schwachgebundenen Moleküle, Ultracold molecules with electric dipole moments are currently of large interest to the community of experimental and theoretical quantum physicists. Due to the long lifetime of stable ground-state molecules in combination with the strong long-range interaction of the electronic dipole moments, dipolar molecules are ideal candidates to study exotic quantum phases in optical lattices, such as the many-body lattice super solid. Further potential applications of dipolar molecules are the simulation of spin systems, or to use them as a platform for quantum computation. Most of these proposals require a low-entropy sample of dipolar molecules in a lattice. However, it is a great experimental challenge to prepare such ultracold molecular samples in an optical lattice. In the past the realization of low-entropy samples of dipolar molecules in lattices was not feasible. The molecular samples were typically created in the absence of a lattice and in some cases the samples were loaded into an optical lattice subsequently. The resulting phase-space densities of the molecular samples were too low to form low-entropy samples. In this thesis a novel method is introduced that is based on the formation of weakly bound heteronuclear molecules directly in an optical lattice. This way, a significantly lower entropy can be achieved, which presents an ideal starting point to study dipolar molecules in a lattice. This thesis is structured as follows: Initially, the preparation of 87Rb133Cs ground-state molecules, the dipolar molecules of our choice, is introduced. We start from ultracold samples of Rb and Cs atoms. The atoms are associated to weakly bound RbCs molecules by means of a magnetic Feshbach resonance. Subsequently the weakly bound molecules are transferred to their rovibrational and hyperfine ground-state via stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP). Next, we demonstrate our method to form the weakly bound RbCs molecules directly in a three-dimensional (3D) optical lattice., by Andreas Schindewolf, Kumulative Dissertation aus zwei Artikeln, Zusammenfassung in deutscher Sprache, Dissertation University of Innsbruck 2018
20. Ultraschallverhalten von amorphem CuZr bei tiefen Temperaturen
- Author
-
Billmann, A., Doussineau, P., Levelut, A., Arnold, W., and Publica
- Subjects
tunneln ,Glas(metallisch) ,Supraleiter ,Ultraschall - Published
- 1982
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