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The cardiovascular kidney metabolic (CKM) syndrome is a dynamic geriatric condition that has received limited research attention regarding its potential associations with the triglyceride glucose (TyG) index. This study aims to explore the potential association between the TyG index and advanced CKM syndrome. Data for this cross-sectional study were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2011 and 2018. The association between the TyG index and the risk of advanced CKM syndrome was investigated using multivariable logistic regression models. Additionally, a restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was employed to assess the dose-response relationship between the TyG index and the risk of advanced CKM syndrome. A total of 7904 participants were included in this study, with a mean TyG index of 5.04 ± 0.41. The prevalence of advanced CKM syndrome among the participants was 14.85%. Our findings indicated that as the TyG index quartiles increased, the risk of advanced CKM syndrome also increased. The results from the three regression analysis models indicated a positive association between the continuous TyG index and advanced CKM syndrome. Furthermore, the quartiles of the TyG index were significantly associated with an increased prevalence of advanced CKM syndrome in the fully adjusted models (TyG index Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 1.94, 95% CI 1.37–2.75, P < 0.001). The results of the RCS analysis indicated a linear and positive association between the TyG index and advanced CKM syndrome. The results indicated that elevated TyG index is associated with an increased prevalence of advanced CKM syndrome. This suggests that the TyG index may be a useful tool for assessing the risk of advanced CKM syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To explore whether the triglyceride–glucose (TyG) index and the triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio are associated with the trajectories of depressive symptoms. Methods: In this longitudinal study, 4215 participants aged 45 years and older were recruited from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study from 2011 to 2018. The trajectories of depressive symptoms, measured by the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10), were identified using group-based trajectory modeling. Multinomial logistic models and restricted cubic spline analysis were used to investigate the relationships between the TyG index and the TG/HDL-C ratio and the trajectories of depressive symptoms. Stratified analyses were conducted based on sex, age, place of residence, and body mass index (BMI). Results: Five distinct trajectories of depressive symptoms characterized by stable low, stable moderate, decreasing, increasing, and stable high were identified during a follow-up of 7 years. The associations of the TyG index and the TG/HDL-C ratio with trajectories of depressive symptoms are not entirely consistent. After adjusting for covariates, a higher TyG index at baseline was associated with lower odds of being on the decreasing trajectory of depressive symptoms (ORad = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.40–0.92) compared to the stable low trajectory, and restricted cubic spline analysis revealed a negative linear relationship between the TyG index and the likelihood of a decreasing trajectory of depressive symptoms. However, the relationship between the TG/HDL-C ratio and the decreasing trajectory of depressive symptoms was no longer statistically significant when all confounders were controlled (ORad = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.50−1.04). Additionally, this negative association between the TyG index and decreasing trajectory of depressive symptoms was observed among 45–64-year-old individuals, female participants, those living in rural areas, and those with a normal BMI. Limitations: This study was conducted in a middle-aged and elderly population in China, and extrapolation to other regions and populations requires further confirmation. Conclusions: Compared to the TG/HDL-C ratio, the TyG index may be a better predictor for trajectories of depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older adults. Considering that the pathology of depression progresses long term, our findings may have utility for identifying available and reliable markers for the development of depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Klotho, an anti-aging protein, is linked to energy metabolism. There is limited research on the association of serum klotho and triglyceride glucose (TyG) index-related indicators. Our research aims to investigate the relationship of serum klotho with TyG-BMI (body mass index), TyG-WC (waist circumference), and TyG-WHtR (waist-to-height ratio). Methods: From 2007 to 2016, we examined 6,370 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was utilized to measure serum klotho. We calculated the TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, and TyG-WHtR based on fasting triglycerides, fasting glucose, BMI, WC, and WHtR. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the association of serum klotho with TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, and TyG-WHtR. Additionally, generalized additive model (GAM) and smoothing curves were used to evaluate the linear and nonlinear relationships. A piecewise regression model was also utilized to test for threshold effects and determine the breakpoints. Finally, the potential independent associations of serum klotho with TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, and TyG-WHtR were further explored using subgroup analysis. Results: We observed a statistically significant difference in serum klotho levels across different quartiles of the population. Based on the multiple linear regression analysis, serum klotho levels were negatively associated with TyG-related indicators. There was a nonlinear relationship between the serum klotho and TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, and TyG-WHtR. The segmented regression analysis revealed that the breakpoints of TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, and TyG-WHtR were 5.42, 6.67, and 1.89, respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that TyG-related indicators interacted with gender and diabetes. Conclusions: In this study, a negative and nonlinear relationship was identified between serum klotho and TyG-related indicators. Further research is needed to clarify the potential mechanisms that may link serum klotho to TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, and TyG-WHtR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Klotho, an anti-aging protein, is linked to energy metabolism. There is limited research on the association of serum klotho and triglyceride glucose (TyG) index-related indicators. Our research aims to investigate the relationship of serum klotho with TyG-BMI (body mass index), TyG-WC (waist circumference), and TyG-WHtR (waist-to-height ratio). Methods From 2007 to 2016, we examined 6,370 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was utilized to measure serum klotho. We calculated the TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, and TyG-WHtR based on fasting triglycerides, fasting glucose, BMI, WC, and WHtR. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the association of serum klotho with TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, and TyG-WHtR. Additionally, generalized additive model (GAM) and smoothing curves were used to evaluate the linear and nonlinear relationships. A piecewise regression model was also utilized to test for threshold effects and determine the breakpoints. Finally, the potential independent associations of serum klotho with TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, and TyG-WHtR were further explored using subgroup analysis. Results We observed a statistically significant difference in serum klotho levels across different quartiles of the population. Based on the multiple linear regression analysis, serum klotho levels were negatively associated with TyG-related indicators. There was a nonlinear relationship between the serum klotho and TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, and TyG-WHtR. The segmented regression analysis revealed that the breakpoints of TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, and TyG-WHtR were 5.42, 6.67, and 1.89, respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that TyG-related indicators interacted with gender and diabetes. Conclusions In this study, a negative and nonlinear relationship was identified between serum klotho and TyG-related indicators. Further research is needed to clarify the potential mechanisms that may link serum klotho to TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, and TyG-WHtR.

Abstract Background The triglyceride–glucose (TyG) index has demonstrated correlations with adverse clinical outcomes in patients with ischaemic stroke, coronary heart disease and cardiac failure. However, its association with overall mortality in individuals concurrently experiencing heart failure (HF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains inadequately explored. Methods Utilizing the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (Version 2.2) repository, subjects underwent quartile stratification based on the TyG index. The primary endpoint was all‐cause mortality during hospitalization. Cox proportional hazard models were employed to examine the correlation between TyG and all‐cause mortality in HF patients with CKD. Evaluation involved Kaplan–Meier (KM) analysis and restricted cubic splines (RCSs) to compare mortality rates during hospitalization and 1 year after admission across cohorts with varying TyG index levels. Results A cohort of 1537 HF and CKD patients participated. Cox regression analysis revealed elevated TyG levels as an independent risk factor for both in‐hospital and 1 year mortality. RCS analysis indicated a rising, non‐linear association between TyG levels and all‐cause mortality (P value for non‐linear

Abstract This study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to investigate the relationship between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and gallstones. We evaluated the data collected between 2017 to 2020. To evaluate the relationship between TyG index and gallstones, logistic regression analysis, basic characteristics of participants, subgroup analysis, and smooth curve fitting were utilized. The study included 3870 participants over the age of 20 years, 403 of whom reported gallstones, with a prevalence rate of 10.4%. After adjusting for all confounding factors, the risk of gallstones increased by 41% for each unit increase in the TyG index (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.07, 1.86). The smooth curve fitting also showed a positive correlation between the TyG index and gallstones. Subgroup analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between the TyG index and the risk of gallstones in those aged 200 mg/dL, individuals with body mass index (BMI) > 25, and individuals without diabetes. The risk of gallstones is positively correlated with a higher TyG index. Thus, the TyG index can be used as a predictor of the risk of gallstones.

Background: The triglyceride–glucose (TyG) index has demonstrated correlations with adverse clinical outcomes in patients with ischaemic stroke, coronary heart disease and cardiac failure. However, its association with overall mortality in individuals concurrently experiencing heart failure (HF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains inadequately explored. Methods: Utilizing the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (Version 2.2) repository, subjects underwent quartile stratification based on the TyG index. The primary endpoint was all‐cause mortality during hospitalization. Cox proportional hazard models were employed to examine the correlation between TyG and all‐cause mortality in HF patients with CKD. Evaluation involved Kaplan–Meier (KM) analysis and restricted cubic splines (RCSs) to compare mortality rates during hospitalization and 1 year after admission across cohorts with varying TyG index levels. Results: A cohort of 1537 HF and CKD patients participated. Cox regression analysis revealed elevated TyG levels as an independent risk factor for both in‐hospital and 1 year mortality. RCS analysis indicated a rising, non‐linear association between TyG levels and all‐cause mortality (P value for non‐linear <0.001). KM survival curves demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in survival rates within the high TyG index group compared with the low one (log‐rank P < 0.001). Conclusions: The TyG index exhibited substantial independent prognostic value for elevated in‐hospital and 1 year all‐cause mortality among the cohort with HF and CKD. These findings suggest that assessing the TyG index could play a crucial role in developing novel therapeutic strategies to improve outcomes for this high‐risk demographic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The triglyceride–glucose (TyG) index and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP) are the commonly used biomarkers for insulin resistance and systemic inflammation, respectively. We aimed to investigate the combined association of TyG and hsCRP with the major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS). Methods: A total of 9421 patients with CCS were included in this study. The primary endpoint was defined as a composite of MACE covering all‐cause death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and revascularization. Results: During the 2‐year follow‐up period, 660 (7.0%) cases of MACE were recorded. Participants were divided equally into three groups according to TyG levels. Compared with the TyG T1 group, the risk of MACE was significantly higher in the TyG T3 group. It is noteworthy that among patients in the highest tertile of TyG, hsCRP >3 mg/L was significantly associated with an increased risk of MACE, whereas the results were not significant in the medium to low TyG groups. When patients were divided into six groups according to hsCRP and TyG, the Cox regression analysis showed that patients in the TyG T3 and hsCRP >3 mg/L group had a significantly higher risk of MACE than those in the TyG T1 and hsCRP ≤3 mg/L group. However, no significant interaction was found between TyG and hsCRP on the risk of MACE. Conclusion: Our study suggests that the concurrent assessment of TyG and hsCRP may be valuable in identifying high‐risk populations and guiding management strategies among CCS patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index) is a simple surrogate marker for Insulin Resistance (IR). However, the relationship between the TyG index and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) remains unknown in the Northern Sri Lankan population. Methods This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study of adults aged between 18 and 65 years living in Jaffna, Sri Lanka. This study aimed to verify the discriminative ability of the TyG index to identify MetS using the International Diabetes Federation (IDF-2006) criteria and to determine the gender-specific TyG index cut-off values for better prediction of MetS in Northern Sri Lankan adults. TyG index was calculated as Ln[Triglycerides (TG) (mg/dl) × Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (mg/dl)/2]. Results A total of 540 individuals were included in this study, with a mean age of 42.18 (± 13.89) years for males and 43.80 (± 12.56) years for females. The mean value of the TyG index in the total study population was 8.54 (± 0.53). Individuals in the higher quartiles of the TyG index had a significantly increased risk of MetS compared with those in the lowest quartile (p

Abstract Background The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a risk marker for arterial stiffness; however, the extent to which the TyG index is associated with arterial stiffness via lipids and inflammation remains unknown. The first aim was to probe the relationship between the TyG index and arterial stiffness in two surveys. The second aim was to clarify whether lipids and inflammation mediate this relationship. Methods The sample size of 13,726 U.S. individuals from the National Examination Survey (NHANES) and 3,964 Chinese individuals from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS 2015) were enrolled. Weighted multivariate logistic and linear regression models, as well as restricted cubic spline (RCS) and mediation analyses, were utilized to estimate complex relationships between the TyG index, arterial stiffness, lipids (non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [non-HDL-C]) and inflammation (C-reactive protein [CRP]) biomarkers. Results A total of 3,420 U.S. patients and 992 Chinese patients were diagnosed with increased arterial stiffness. Regression analyses demonstrated that higher quartiles of the TyG index were associated with a greater incidence of increased arterial stiffness (NHANES: OR = 2.610, 95% CI = 2.043–3.334, P

Abstract Background Both the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, as a surrogate marker of insulin resistance, and systemic inflammation are predictors of cardiovascular diseases; however, little is known about the coexposures and relative contributions of TyG index and inflammation to cardiovascular diseases. Using the nationally representative data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), we conducted longitudinal analyses to evaluate the joint and mutual associations of the TyG index and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) with cardiovascular events in middle-aged and older Chinese population. Methods This study comprised 8 658 participants aged at least 45 years from the CHARLS 2011 who are free of cardiovascular diseases at baseline. The TyG index was calculated as Ln [fasting triglyceride (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2]. Cardiovascular events were defined as the presence of physician-diagnosed heart disease and/or stroke followed until 2018.We performed adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression and mediation analyses. Results The mean age of the participants was 58.6 ± 9.0 years, and 3988 (46.1%) were females. During a maximum follow-up of 7.0 years, 2606 (30.1%) people developed cardiovascular diseases, including 2012 (23.2%) cases of heart diseases and 848 (9.8%) cases of stroke. Compared with people with a lower TyG index (

Background: The triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index) is a simple surrogate marker for Insulin Resistance (IR). However, the relationship between the TyG index and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) remains unknown in the Northern Sri Lankan population. Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study of adults aged between 18 and 65 years living in Jaffna, Sri Lanka. This study aimed to verify the discriminative ability of the TyG index to identify MetS using the International Diabetes Federation (IDF-2006) criteria and to determine the gender-specific TyG index cut-off values for better prediction of MetS in Northern Sri Lankan adults. TyG index was calculated as Ln[Triglycerides (TG) (mg/dl) × Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (mg/dl)/2]. Results: A total of 540 individuals were included in this study, with a mean age of 42.18 (± 13.89) years for males and 43.80 (± 12.56) years for females. The mean value of the TyG index in the total study population was 8.54 (± 0.53). Individuals in the higher quartiles of the TyG index had a significantly increased risk of MetS compared with those in the lowest quartile (p < 0.01). TyG index showed a stronger association with MetS than the FPG and all the conventional lipid components and the unadjusted odds ratio was 5.47. The area under the curve (AUC) of ROC revealed values of 0.914 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.884, 0.944) for females, 0.881 (95% CI: 0.830, 0.932) for males and 0.897 (95% CI: 0.870, 0.924) for the total study population. TyG index had a stronger discriminative ability to identify MetS as per IDF criteria in the study population with a cut-off value of 8.60. The mean level of the TyG index significantly increased with the increasing number of MetS components. Conclusions: The mean value of the TyG index increased as the number of MetS components in the study population increased. Individuals with a higher TyG index had a significantly increased risk of having MetS compared with the lowest quartile of the TyG index. TyG index had a good discriminative ability to diagnose MetS as per IDF criteria among the northern Sri Lankan population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a risk marker for arterial stiffness; however, the extent to which the TyG index is associated with arterial stiffness via lipids and inflammation remains unknown. The first aim was to probe the relationship between the TyG index and arterial stiffness in two surveys. The second aim was to clarify whether lipids and inflammation mediate this relationship. Methods: The sample size of 13,726 U.S. individuals from the National Examination Survey (NHANES) and 3,964 Chinese individuals from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS 2015) were enrolled. Weighted multivariate logistic and linear regression models, as well as restricted cubic spline (RCS) and mediation analyses, were utilized to estimate complex relationships between the TyG index, arterial stiffness, lipids (non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [non-HDL-C]) and inflammation (C-reactive protein [CRP]) biomarkers. Results: A total of 3,420 U.S. patients and 992 Chinese patients were diagnosed with increased arterial stiffness. Regression analyses demonstrated that higher quartiles of the TyG index were associated with a greater incidence of increased arterial stiffness (NHANES: OR = 2.610, 95% CI = 2.043–3.334, P < 0.001; CHARLS: OR = 1.579, 95% CI = 1.057–2.360, P < 0.001). Participants with a higher TyG index/higher CRP level or with a higher TyG index/higher non-HDL-C level had the highest incidence of increased arterial stiffness in the two surveys. The results were still consistent when the sensitivity analysis was implemented with stricter clinical cut-off values of non-HDL-C. Mediation analysis verified that lipids (mediated effect: β = 0.012, P < 0.001 in NHANES; β = 0.020, P < 0.001 in CHARLS) and inflammation (mediated effect: β = 0.003, P < 0.001 in NHANES; β = 0.006, P < 0.001 in CHARLS) partially mediated this relationship. Conclusions: These results indicated a positive linear correlation between the TyG index, non-HDL-C level, CRP level and increased arterial stiffness in two surveys. Furthermore, lipids and inflammation could partly mediate the correlation of the TyG index with arterial stiffness in both surveys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To compare insulin surrogate indices with the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in Thai people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methodology. A cross-sectional study of 97 individuals with T2D was done to determine the association between HOMA-IR and seven surrogate indices for insulin resistance. IR was defined as HOMA-IR ≥2.0. The indices included Waist Circumference (WC), Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR), Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR), Triglyceride-Glucose (TyG) index, estimated Glucose Disposal Rate (eGDR) calculated by WC, BMI, and WHR. Results. A total of 97 subjects with T2D (36.1% female, mean age 61.7 ± 12.0 years, BMI 26.4 ± 3.7 kg/m2, A1C 6.9 ± 1.2%) were studied. The TyG index showed a positive association with HOMA-IR, while eGDR exhibited a negative association. TyG index had the strongest correlation with IR (r = 0.49), while various eGDR formulas showed weaker negative correlations (r = 0.12-0.25). However, subgroup analysis in individuals with T2D and coronary artery disease (CAD) showed that only eGDR-WC and eGDR-BMI demonstrated a significant correlation with triple vessel disease. Conclusion. The TyG index was a useful and simple marker for identifying the presence of IR in Thai people with T2D. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to demonstrate the prediction value of cardiovascular outcomes.

Abstract Background The triglyceride–glucose (TyG) index and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP) are the commonly used biomarkers for insulin resistance and systemic inflammation, respectively. We aimed to investigate the combined association of TyG and hsCRP with the major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS). Methods A total of 9421 patients with CCS were included in this study. The primary endpoint was defined as a composite of MACE covering all‐cause death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and revascularization. Results During the 2‐year follow‐up period, 660 (7.0%) cases of MACE were recorded. Participants were divided equally into three groups according to TyG levels. Compared with the TyG T1 group, the risk of MACE was significantly higher in the TyG T3 group. It is noteworthy that among patients in the highest tertile of TyG, hsCRP >3 mg/L was significantly associated with an increased risk of MACE, whereas the results were not significant in the medium to low TyG groups. When patients were divided into six groups according to hsCRP and TyG, the Cox regression analysis showed that patients in the TyG T3 and hsCRP >3 mg/L group had a significantly higher risk of MACE than those in the TyG T1 and hsCRP ≤3 mg/L group. However, no significant interaction was found between TyG and hsCRP on the risk of MACE. Conclusion Our study suggests that the concurrent assessment of TyG and hsCRP may be valuable in identifying high‐risk populations and guiding management strategies among CCS patients.

To explore the association of ventricle epicardial fat volume (EFV) calculated by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and the insulin resistance indicator of triglyceride–glucose (TyG) index in patients with chronic HF (CHF), this retrospective cohort study included adult CHF patients with confirmed diagnosis of heart failure from January 2018 to December 2020. All patients underwent 3.0T CMR, and EFV were measured under short-axis cine. Spearman correlation, multivariate linear regression, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression were used to analyze their association. There were 516 patients with CHF, of whom 69.8% were male. Median EFV was 57.14mL and mean TyG index was 8.48. Spearman correlation analysis showed that TyG index was significantly correlated with the EFV in CHF patients (r = 0.247, P < 0.001). Further analysis showed that TyG index levels were significantly associated with EFV as both continuous variables (Unstandardized β = 6.556, P < 0.001) and across the increasing quartiles (β = 7.50, 95% CI [1.41, 13.59], P < 0.05). RCS demonstrated there were a positive trend and linear association between EFV and TyG index in CHF patients (P for nonliearity = 0.941). In patients with CHF, the TyG index was positively and linearly associated with the EFV, which supports the metabolic roles of epicardial adipose tissue regarding insulin resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a predictor of cardiovascular diseases; however, to what extent the TyG index is associated with cardiovascular diseases through renal function is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the complex association of the TyG index and renal function with cardiovascular diseases using a cohort design. Methods This study included participants from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) free of cardiovascular diseases at baseline. We performed adjusted regression analyses and mediation analyses using Cox models. The TyG index was calculated as Ln [fasting triglyceride (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2]. Renal function was defined by the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Results A total of 6 496 participants were included in this study. The mean age of the participants was 59.6 ± 9.5 years, and 2996 (46.1%) were females. During a maximum follow-up of 7.0 years, 1 996 (30.7%) people developed cardiovascular diseases, including 1 541 (23.7%) cases of heart diseases and 651 (10.0%) cases of stroke. Both the TyG index and eGFR level were significantly associated with cardiovascular diseases. Compared with people with a lower TyG index (median level) and eGFR ≥ 60 ml/minute/1.73 m2, those with a higher TyG index and decreased eGFR had the highest risk of cardiovascular diseases (HR, 1.870; 95% CI 1.131–3.069). Decreased eGFR significantly mediated 29.6% of the associations between the TyG index and cardiovascular diseases. Conclusions The combination of a higher TyG index and lower eGFR level was associated with the highest risk of cardiovascular diseases. Renal function could mediate the association between the TyG index and cardiovascular risk.

Background: The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a predictor of cardiovascular diseases; however, to what extent the TyG index is associated with cardiovascular diseases through renal function is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the complex association of the TyG index and renal function with cardiovascular diseases using a cohort design. Methods: This study included participants from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) free of cardiovascular diseases at baseline. We performed adjusted regression analyses and mediation analyses using Cox models. The TyG index was calculated as Ln [fasting triglyceride (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2]. Renal function was defined by the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Results: A total of 6 496 participants were included in this study. The mean age of the participants was 59.6 ± 9.5 years, and 2996 (46.1%) were females. During a maximum follow-up of 7.0 years, 1 996 (30.7%) people developed cardiovascular diseases, including 1 541 (23.7%) cases of heart diseases and 651 (10.0%) cases of stroke. Both the TyG index and eGFR level were significantly associated with cardiovascular diseases. Compared with people with a lower TyG index (median level) and eGFR ≥ 60 ml/minute/1.73 m2, those with a higher TyG index and decreased eGFR had the highest risk of cardiovascular diseases (HR, 1.870; 95% CI 1.131–3.069). Decreased eGFR significantly mediated 29.6% of the associations between the TyG index and cardiovascular diseases. Conclusions: The combination of a higher TyG index and lower eGFR level was associated with the highest risk of cardiovascular diseases. Renal function could mediate the association between the TyG index and cardiovascular risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in men, and its incidence is increasing year by year. Some studies have shown that risk factors for prostate cancer are related to insulin resistance. The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a marker of insulin resistance. We investigated the validity of TyG index for predicting prostate cancer and the dose-response relationship in prostate cancer in relation to it. Objective. To investigate the risk factors of TyG index and prostate cancer prevalence. Methods. This study was screened from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University and included 767 people, including 136 prostate cancer patients in the case group and 631 healthy people in the control group. The relationship between TyG index and the risk of prostate cancer was analyzed by one-way logistic regression, adjusted for relevant factors, and multi-factor logistic regression analysis was performed to further investigate the risk factors affecting the prevalence of prostate cancer. ROC curves and Restricted Cubic Spline were established to determine the predictive value and dose-response relationship of TyG index in prostate cancer. Results. Blood potassium (ORD0.056, 95% CI [0.021-0.148]), total cholesterol (ORD 1.07, 95% CI [0.792-1.444]) and education level (OR = 0.842, 95% CI [0.418-1.697]) were protective factors for prostate cancer, alkaline phosphatase, age, LDL, increased the risk of prostate cancer (OR = 1.016, 95% CI [1.006-1.026]) (OR = 139.253, 95% CI [18.523-1,046.893] (OR = 0.318, 95% CI [0.169-0.596]); TyG index also was a risk factor for prostate cancer, the risk increased with TyG levels, and persons in the TyGQ3 group (8.373-8.854 mg/dL) was 6.918 times (95% CI [2.275-21.043]) higher than in the Q1 group, in the TyGQ4 group (>8.854) was 28.867 times of those in the Q1 group (95% CI [9.499-87.727]). Conclusion. TyG index may be a more accurate and efficient predictor of prostate cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of cabergoline treatment on metabolic parameters including the Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index in newly diagnosed patients with prolactinoma. Methods: 71 consecutive nondiabetic patients with prolactinoma were enrolled. Anthropometric and laboratory tests including TyG index were measured at baseline, 3 and 6 months visits. Treatment with cabergoline at the dose of 0.25 mg twice weekly was started and increased according to prolactin levels and continued for 6 months. Results: At the baseline examination, the mean (SD) age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of patients were 36.2 (10.5) years, 29.2 (5.0) kg/m2, 98.2 (13.7) cm, 115.3 (13.3) mmHg, and 71.4 (8.1) mmHg, respectively. Forty-one (57.7%) of patients were women and 46 (64.8%) had microadenoma. Cabergoline treatment significantly improved anthropometric and metabolic measures including BMI, WC, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, uric acid (only among women), TyG index, and hypogonadism. Blood pressure (both systolic and diastolic) levels remained steady except for a significant decrease in DBP after 6 months of treatment only among women. A declining trend in MetS prevalence was found from baseline to a 3-month evaluation in both genders which was statistically significant among men. Conclusion: Short-term treatment with cabergoline can significantly improve cardiovascular risk factors except for blood pressure. Moreover, the TyG index as a surrogate marker of insulin resistance decreased significantly after the reduction of prolactin by treatment. Generally, results were similar among both genders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psoriasis is consistently associated with an elevated cardiovascular risk. However, biochemical parameters are needed to predict cardiovascular events in these patients. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective cohort study with psoriatic patients undergoing systemic treatment to analyze the value of the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index in predicting the development of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). A total of 150 patients were selected, 12 of whom developed MACE (11 myocardial infarctions and 1 stroke) after a median follow-up of 17 months. The highest quartile of the TyG index was associated with a greater risk of developing MACE (HR, 9.3; 95%CI, 1.1-78.9). The predictive capabilities of the TyG index for predicting these events showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.75 (0.60-0.90), P = 0.001. These results suggest that the TyG index could be useful in the early identification of psoriatic patients at high risk of developing MACE., (Copyright © 2025 AEDV. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Aims: To investigate the association between triglyceride–glucose(TyG) index and the risk of hypertension. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Bengbu, China. The participants received relevant questionnaire survey, anthropometric tests, and laboratory examination. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the possible association between TyG index and hypertension risk. The additive interaction evaluated by the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion due to interaction (AP), and synergy index(SI) was calculated. Results: A total of 1777 participants (748 men and 1029 women) were investigated. There was a significant increase in the risk of hypertension and isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) when comparing the highest TyG index (the fourth quartile) to the lowest TyG index (the first quartile) and corresponding ORs were 2.446 (95% CI: 1.746–3.426) and 2.621(95%CI: 1.627–4.224), respectively. However, no significant relationship was observed between TyG index and isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH). In males, significant interactions between TyG index and WHtR (RERI:1.978, 95%CI: 0.162–3.792; AP: 0.359, 0.113–0.605; SI:1.782, 1.017–3.122), smoking (AP: 0.437, 95%CI: 0.048–0.825), family history of hypertension (AP:0.433, 95%CI: 0.203–0.662; SI:2.248, 95%CI: 1.333–3.791) were observed. As for females, there were also significant interactions between TyG index and WHtR (RERI:1.415, 95%CI: 0.693–2.136; AP: 0.198, 95%CI: 0.104–0.291; SI:1.298, 95%CI:1.101–1.530), family history of hypertension (RERI:1.744, 95%CI: 0.221–3.267; AP:0.405, 95%CI: 0.113–0.697) on risk of hypertension. Conclusions: Increased TyG index was significantly associated with higher risk of hypertension and ISH, but not for IDH in middle-aged and elderly adults. Our results also demonstrated interactions of TyG index and abdominal obesity and family history of hypertension on hypertension risk.

Objective: To compare insulin surrogate indices with the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in Thai people with type 2 diabetes (T2D)., Methodology: A cross-sectional study of 97 individuals with T2D was done to determine the association between HOMAIR and seven surrogate indices for insulin resistance. IR was defined as HOMA-IR ≥2.0. The indices included Waist Circumference (WC), Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR), Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR), Triglyceride-Glucose (TyG) index, estimated Glucose Disposal Rate (eGDR) calculated by WC, BMI, and WHR., Results: A total of 97 subjects with T2D (36.1% female, mean age 61.7 ± 12.0 years, BMI 26.4 ± 3.7 kg/m 2 , A1C 6.9 ± 1.2%) were studied. The TyG index showed a positive association with HOMA-IR, while eGDR exhibited a negative association. TyG index had the strongest correlation with IR (r = 0.49), while various eGDR formulas showed weaker negative correlations (r = 0.12-0.25). However, subgroup analysis in individuals with T2D and coronary artery disease (CAD) showed that only eGDR-WC and eGDR-BMI demonstrated a significant correlation with triple vessel disease., Conclusion: The TyG index was a useful and simple marker for identifying the presence of IR in Thai people with T2D. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to demonstrate the prediction value of cardiovascular outcomes., Competing Interests: The authors declared no conflict of interest., (© 2024 Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies.)

Background: Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in men, and its incidence is increasing year by year. Some studies have shown that risk factors for prostate cancer are related to insulin resistance. The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a marker of insulin resistance. We investigated the validity of TyG index for predicting prostate cancer and the dose-response relationship in prostate cancer in relation to it., Objective: To investigate the risk factors of TyG index and prostate cancer prevalence., Methods: This study was screened from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University and included 767 people, including 136 prostate cancer patients in the case group and 631 healthy people in the control group. The relationship between TyG index and the risk of prostate cancer was analyzed by one-way logistic regression, adjusted for relevant factors, and multi-factor logistic regression analysis was performed to further investigate the risk factors affecting the prevalence of prostate cancer. ROC curves and Restricted Cubic Spline were established to determine the predictive value and dose-response relationship of TyG index in prostate cancer., Results: Blood potassium (OR = 0.056, 95% CI [0.021-0.148]), total cholesterol (OR = 1.07, 95% CI [0.792-1.444]) and education level (OR = 0.842, 95% CI [0.418-1.697]) were protective factors for prostate cancer, alkaline phosphatase, age, LDL, increased the risk of prostate cancer (OR = 1.016, 95% CI [1.006-1.026]) (OR = 139.253, 95% CI [18.523-1,046.893] (OR = 0.318, 95% CI [0.169-0.596]); TyG index also was a risk factor for prostate cancer, the risk increased with TyG levels,and persons in the TyGQ3 group (8.373-8.854 mg/dL) was 6.918 times (95% CI [2.275-21.043]) higher than in the Q1 group,in the TyGQ4 group (≥8.854) was 28.867 times of those in the Q1 group (95% CI [9.499-87.727])., Conclusion: TyG index may be a more accurate and efficient predictor of prostate cancer., Competing Interests: The authors declare there are no competing interests., (©2023 Li et al.)

Aims: To investigate the association between triglyceride–glucose(TyG) index and the risk of hypertension.Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Bengbu, China. The participants received relevant questionnaire survey, anthropometric tests, and laboratory examination. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the possible association between TyG index and hypertension risk. The additive interaction evaluated by the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion due to interaction (AP), and synergy index(SI) was calculated.Results: A total of 1777 participants (748 men and 1029 women) were investigated. There was a significant increase in the risk of hypertension and isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) when comparing the highest TyG index (the fourth quartile) to the lowest TyG index (the first quartile) and corresponding ORs were 2.446 (95% CI: 1.746–3.426) and 2.621(95%CI: 1.627–4.224), respectively. However, no significant relationship was observed between TyG index and isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH). In males, significant interactions between TyG index and WHtR (RERI:1.978, 95%CI: 0.162–3.792; AP: 0.359, 0.113–0.605; SI:1.782, 1.017–3.122), smoking (AP: 0.437, 95%CI: 0.048–0.825), family history of hypertension (AP:0.433, 95%CI: 0.203–0.662; SI:2.248, 95%CI: 1.333–3.791) were observed. As for females, there were also significant interactions between TyG index and WHtR (RERI:1.415, 95%CI: 0.693–2.136; AP: 0.198, 95%CI: 0.104–0.291; SI:1.298, 95%CI:1.101–1.530), family history of hypertension (RERI:1.744, 95%CI: 0.221–3.267; AP:0.405, 95%CI: 0.113–0.697) on risk of hypertension.Conclusions: Increased TyG index was significantly associated with higher risk of hypertension and ISH, but not for IDH in middle-aged and elderly adults. Our results also demonstrated interactions of TyG index and abdominal obesity and family history of hypertension on hypertension risk. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Aim: To evaluate the prognostic value of triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index in nondiabetic patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) below 1.8 mmol/L., Methods: A total of 1655 nondiabetic patients with ACS with LDL-C below 1.8 mmol/L were included in the analysis. Patients were stratified into two groups. The incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), infarct size in patients with AMI, and major adverse cardiac and cerebral event during a median of 35.6-month follow-up were determined and compared between the two groups. The TyG index was calculated using the following formula: ln [fasting triglycerides (mg/dL)×fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)/2]., Results: Compared with the TyG index ＜8.33 group, the TyG index ≥ 8.33 group had a significantly higher incidence of AMI (21.2% vs. 15.2%, p=0.014) and larger infarct size in patients with AMI [the peak value of troponin I: 10.4 vs. 4.8 ng/ml, p=0.003; the peak value of Creatine kinase MB: 52.8 vs. 22.0 ng/ml, p=0.006; the peak value of myoglobin: 73.7 vs. 46.0 ng/ml, p=0.038]. Although there was no significant difference in mortality between the two groups, the incidence of revascularization of the TyG index ≥ 8.33 group was significantly higher than that of the TyG index ＜8.33 group (8.9% vs. 5.0%, p=0.035). A multivariable Cox regression revealed that the TyG index was positively associated with revascularization [hazard ratio, 1.67; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-2.75; p=0.043]., Conclusions: In nondiabetic patients with ACS with LDL-C below 1.8 mmol/L, a high TyG index level was associated with higher incidence of AMI, larger infarct size, and higher incidence of revascularization. A high TyG index level might be a valid predictor of subsequent revascularization.