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The COVID-19 pandemic has left a profound mark on global health, leading to substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Beyond the immediate symptoms of infection, the emergence of "long COVID", the long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2, has become a significant public health concern. Long COVID is a multifaceted condition affecting various organs and systems, including the cardiovascular, digestive, nervous, and endocrine systems. Individuals diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)may face an increased risk of severe COVID-19 symptoms and infection. It is crucial to comprehend how long COVID affects PCOS patients to devise effective treatment and care strategies. Here, we review the detrimental effects of COVID-19 and its long-term effects on reproductive health, endocrine function, inflammation, metabolism, cardiovascular health, body composition, lifestyle, and mental health in patients with PCOS. We offer recommendations for the post-covid-19 management of PCOS, emphasizing the necessity of a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach to patient care. Furthermore, we discuss prospective research directions, highlighting the significance of continued investigations and clinical trials to evaluate treatment approaches for long COVID and its ramifications in individuals with PCOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, the discovery, extraction, and export of petroleum have significantly strengthened the economy. However, the processes of petroleum exploration, development and production have localized negative impacts on the atmosphere, soil, sediments, surface, groundwater, marine environment, and terrestrial ecosystems. The presence of petroleum hydrocarbons and waste streams has led to environmental pollution that poses risks to human health, affects socioeconomic conditions, and impacts communities in oil-producing countries. It is therefore crucial to promote a deeper understanding of petroleum contamination in soil, water, and atmosphere—an understanding that is actively evolving. The literature will mark a new milestone in the study of petroleum contamination and highlight significant advances in this environmental field. This comprehensive review examines the wide-ranging impacts of petroleum contamination on soil, water, and the atmosphere and aims to identify potential mitigation strategies that can reduce the impact on the environment and human health. Focusing on the latest technologies and practices for petroleum spill monitoring, remediation, and prevention, the report addresses all facets of this issue and helps researchers identify opportunities and gaps. It provides an assessment of the different treatment approaches for the period from 2010 to 2022 and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each technique. Finally, it addresses the challenges that need to be overcome in the detection and treatment of oil spills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has transformed breast cancer care for patients and healthcare providers. Circumstances varied greatly by region and hospital, depending on COVID-19 prevalence, case mix, hospital type, and available resources. These challenges have disrupted screening programs and have been particularly distressing for both women with a breast cancer diagnosis and their providers. Summary: This review explores the retrospective impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on primary breast cancer care. It analyzes changes in screening participation, diagnosis rates, treatment modalities, and the delivery of psycho-oncological support during the pandemic. The study found a significant reduction in breast cancer screenings and a subsequent stage shift in diagnoses, with fewer early-stage and more advanced-stage cancers being detected. Additionally, the review discusses the psychosocial challenges faced by patients and the adaptations made in care delivery, such as the increased use of telemedicine. Despite these challenges, the healthcare systems showed resilience, with core treatment services largely maintained and rapid adaptations to new care models. Key Messages: There was a marked decrease in breast cancer screenings and early diagnoses during the pandemic, with a shift toward more advanced-stage detections. While there was an increased use of neoadjuvant therapies and telemedicine, essential breast cancer treatments were mostly sustained, reflecting the resilience of healthcare systems. The pandemic significantly impacted the mental health of breast cancer patients, exacerbating anxiety and depression and highlighting the need for improved psycho-oncological support. The full impact of these disruptions on long-term breast cancer outcomes remains uncertain, necessitating ongoing monitoring and adaptation of care strategies to mitigate adverse effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Behçet's disease is a systemic inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology. The disease manifests with diverse clinical symptoms, most commonly recurrent oral and genital ulcers, skin lesions, and uveitis, though it can affect multiple organ systems. Diagnosis is primarily clinical due to the lack of a definitive diagnostic test, and management involves a multidisciplinary approach to control inflammation and manage symptoms. Current treatment strategies involve corticosteroids, immunosuppressive agents, and, increasingly, biological therapies. Behçet's disease exhibits a higher prevalence along the Silk Road, suggesting a role of environmental and genetic factors. Despite significant progress in understanding its clinical characteristics and treatment approaches, gaps remain in our understanding of its pathogenesis. Future research is needed to elucidate the disease's pathophysiology and optimize treatment strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Men with breast cancer experience unique physical and emotional challenges. However, a thorough understanding of these experiences including the psychosocial effects and supportive care needs have received less attention. In some settings, men with breast cancer experience stigma within the healthcare system and their care needs are not prioritised. This influences the level of professional support offered, consequently worsening their health and well-being outcomes. This review explored the variabilities in the experiences and treatment modalities of male breast cancer (MBC) across different contexts. Methods All primary study designs including qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods studies that reported on the experiences, treatment approaches and outcomes of MBC were included in this systematic review. Six databases (Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, Global Health, CINAHL and Web of Science) were searched for articles from January 2000 to September 2023. A results-based convergence synthesis was used for data analysis and reported using PRISMA guidelines. Results Of the studies screened (n = 29,687), forty-four fulfilled the predetermined criteria and were included. Our findings relating to the experiences and treatment approaches of MBC are broadly themed into three parts. Theme 1—Navigating through a threat to masculinity: describes how males experienced the illness reflecting on detection, diagnosis, coming to terms with breast cancer, and disclosure. Theme 2- Navigating through treatment: captures the experiences of undergoing breast cancer treatment/ management following their diagnosis. Theme 3—Coping and support systems: describes how MBC patients coped with the disease, treatment process, aftercare/rehabilitative care, and the available support structures. Conclusions Men experience a myriad of issues following a breast cancer diagnosis, especially with their masculinity. Awareness creation efforts of MBC among the public and healthcare practitioners are urgently required, which could change the perception of men in promoting early diagnosis, adherence to treatments, post-treatment monitoring, oncological results and a better quality of life. Considerations for training, education and development of specialised guidelines for healthcare practitioners on MBC would provide the necessary knowledge and skills to enhance their practice through the adoption of person-centred and male-specific care strategies. Professional care intervention and support for MBC should not end after the diagnosis phase but should extend to the entire treatment continuum and aftercare including future research focusing on MBC specific clinical trials. Trial registration PROSPERO Registration No. CRD42021228778.

Infectious diseases have long posed a significant threat to global health and require constant innovation in treatment approaches. However, recent groundbreaking research has shed light on a previously overlooked player in the pathogenesis of disease—the human microbiome. This review article addresses the intricate relationship between the microbiome and infectious diseases and unravels its role as a crucial mediator of host–pathogen interactions. We explore the remarkable potential of harnessing this dynamic ecosystem to develop innovative treatment strategies that could revolutionize the management of infectious diseases. By exploring the latest advances and emerging trends, this review aims to provide a new perspective on combating infectious diseases by targeting the microbiome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Gastric cancer (GC) is a serious global health concern. GC is a form of cancer that advances through the stomach lining. Therefore, there is a requirement to explore novel preventive strategies for GC. A novel study indicated that plant-derived compounds have significant anticancer properties and may provide a novel therapeutic approach for GC. Recent research has highlighted the potential role of natural compounds, particularly phytocompounds, in preventing GC. Compounds, such as curcumin, resveratrol, and epigallocatechin gallate, have significant anticancer properties against GC. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the preventive properties of the phytocompounds against GC. The experimental findings included both in vitro and in vivo studies, clinical trials, and epidemiological investigations, providing a comprehensive evaluation of the potential impact of compounds on GC prevention. This review also provides a detailed overview of the probable medicinal effects of phytocompounds on the avoidance and treatment of GC, considering their complex molecular mechanisms of action, bioavailability, and safety. This study provides new perspectives on the possible significance of compounds in GC treatment and emphasizes their promise as a cutting-edge approach. [Display omitted] • This review highlights the roles of phytoconstituents in gastric cancer. • Preclinical findings regarding phytochemicals in gastric cancer are presented. • This review demonstrates the roles of phytochemicals in other cancers. • Gastric cancer can be treated if detected in the early stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in childhood represents only 3% of newly diagnosed pediatric leukemia. The diagnostic hallmark of CML is the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome, which derives from the fusion of the ABL1-oncogene located on chromosome 9 to the breakpoint cluster region (BCR) gene on chromosome 22, resulting in a constitutively dysregulated ABL1 tyrosine kinase, either as 210 kDa or 190 kDa. Depending on the localization of the breakpoint site within the major BCR region, the majority of CML patients exhibit transcripts with either the b3a2 or b2a2 junction, or both. Several questions are still open with regard to childhood CML, especially concerning the biologic and clinical features of the disease, and the treatment of choice for pediatric patients with CML. Moreover, over the last few years, several tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been available for children and adolescents with CML, and current clinical practice investigates what the effective and optimal doses of TKIs are in these two categories of patients. The use of TKIs in pediatric patients with CML has also opened up questions on the following items: (1) the long-term effects of these drugs on children; (2) the management of pediatric CML forms resistant or intolerant to TKIs; (3) the monitoring of disease outcomes during treatment; (4) and the right timing to discontinue therapy. Despite the efficacy of TKIs also in the pediatric population, the potential late adverse effects, and the drug resistance, leave open the possibility of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as a treatment option in pediatric CML. Published data and personal experiences regarding these issues will be analyzed and discussed.

Behçet’s disease is a systemic inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology. The disease manifests with diverse clinical symptoms, most commonly recurrent oral and genital ulcers, skin lesions, and uveitis, though it can affect multiple organ systems. Diagnosis is primarily clinical due to the lack of a definitive diagnostic test, and management involves a multidisciplinary approach to control inflammation and manage symptoms. Current treatment strategies involve corticosteroids, immunosuppressive agents, and, increasingly, biological therapies. Behçet’s disease exhibits a higher prevalence along the Silk Road, suggesting a role of environmental and genetic factors. Despite significant progress in understanding its clinical characteristics and treatment approaches, gaps remain in our understanding of its pathogenesis. Future research is needed to elucidate the disease’s pathophysiology and optimize treatment strategies.

Delayed cerebral ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage is one of the most important causes of mortality and poor functional outcome in patients. Initially, the etiology and treatment of delayed cerebral ischemia focused primarily on cerebral vasospasm. However, recent studies have detected that depolarization, microcirculation, and autoregulation disorder, which spreads together with cerebral vasospasm, also play a role in the etiology. The main treatment strategies in the prevention and treatment of delayed cerebral ischemia are the regulation of blood pressure and the use of calcium channel blockers, especially nimodipine. The main step in the early diagnosis and treatment of the disease is to monitor the neurological clinical status. In addition to transcranial Doppler ultrasonography, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging angiography, continuous electroencephalography and invasive brain multimodal examination may be required in the follow-up period of the disease. In addition to blood pressure regulation, optimization of cardiac output, endovascular interventions, angioplasty, and/or intra-arterial vasodilator infusion are other treatment methods. This review aimed to evaluate delayed cerebral ischemia, one of the most important complications of subarachnoid hemorrhage, in the light of current literature.

One of the largest migrant communities in Australia is the Indian migrant community. Current back pain guidelines recommend assessment of patients' beliefs; however, little is known about these beliefs in Indian communities. We aimed to investigate beliefs about back pain among Indian migrants living in Sydney. An online questionnaire with demographic information, participant characteristics, the Back Beliefs Questionnaire (BBQ) and open-ended questions relating to beliefs about causes of back pain and treatment preferences was completed by 386 Indian migrants in Sydney. The overall BBQ score was 25.1 ± 6.7. We found significant but slightly more positive beliefs among Indian females than Indian males (standardized regression coefficient, β = 0.134, p = 0.014). Presence and severity of pain did not affect back pain beliefs. There seemed to be a belief in physical and structural/anatomical causes of back pain, and a belief in the effectiveness of exercise, medications, and Indian traditional approaches for pain management. Beliefs of Indian migrants aligned with a "western traditional" biomedical model for the cause of pain, but with a belief in the effectiveness of both Indian traditional and western treatment approaches. Awareness of these beliefs could enable an effective therapeutic alliance between clinicians and Indian patients. Back pain beliefs of Australian Indian migrants are similar to their western counterparts, so the current guidelines for back pain can potentially be implemented without too much adjustment for this migrant community. Awareness of these beliefs is likely to improve the therapeutic alliance between clinician and an Indian migrant patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is usually diagnosed at an advanced, incurable, stage and has an extremely poor prognosis. Systemic chemotherapy represents the standard treatment either in the pre-operative, adjuvant and palliative setting, which is associated with only modest improvement in survival. More recently, advances in cancer genomic sequencing have unravelled the molecular heterogeneity of PDAC and identified small patient subgroups harbouring unique actionable aberrations in BRCA, NTRK, NRG1 and mismatch repair genes paving the way to a more personalised approach for this tumour. However, the evolution of PDAC treatment towards a successful precision approach presents many challenges. In this review, we discuss the current standard treatments of PDAC, from early stage to advanced disease, and we illustrate the opportunities and challenges of precision medicine for this deadly cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is usually diagnosed at an advanced, incurable, stage and has an extremely poor prognosis. Systemic chemotherapy represents the standard treatment either in the pre-operative, adjuvant and palliative setting, which is associated with only modest improvement in survival. More recently, advances in cancer genomic sequencing have unravelled the molecular heterogeneity of PDAC and identified small patient subgroups harbouring unique actionable aberrations in BRCA, NTRK, NRG1 and mismatch repair genes paving the way to a more personalised approach for this tumour. However, the evolution of PDAC treatment towards a successful precision approach presents many challenges. In this review, we discuss the current standard treatments of PDAC, from early stage to advanced disease, and we illustrate the opportunities and challenges of precision medicine for this deadly cancer.

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in childhood represents only 3% of newly diagnosed pediatric leukemia. The diagnostic hallmark of CML is the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome, which derives from the fusion of the ABL1-oncogene located on chromosome 9 to the breakpoint cluster region (BCR) gene on chromosome 22, resulting in a constitutively dysregulated ABL1 tyrosine kinase, either as 210 kDa or 190 kDa. Depending on the localization of the breakpoint site within the major BCR region, the majority of CML patients exhibit transcripts with either the b3a2 or b2a2 junction, or both. Several questions are still open with regard to childhood CML, especially concerning the biologic and clinical features of the disease, and the treatment of choice for pediatric patients with CML. Moreover, over the last few years, several tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been available for children and adolescents with CML, and current clinical practice investigates what the effective and optimal doses of TKIs are in these two categories of patients. The use of TKIs in pediatric patients with CML has also opened up questions on the following items: (1) the long-term effects of these drugs on children; (2) the management of pediatric CML forms resistant or intolerant to TKIs; (3) the monitoring of disease outcomes during treatment; (4) and the right timing to discontinue therapy. Despite the efficacy of TKIs also in the pediatric population, the potential late adverse effects, and the drug resistance, leave open the possibility of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as a treatment option in pediatric CML. Published data and personal experiences regarding these issues will be analyzed and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose of Review: Since CRS is critically dependent on right heart function and involved in interorgan crosstalk, assessment and monitoring of both right heart and kidney function are of utmost importance for clinical outcomes. This systematic review aims to comprehensively report on novel diagnostic and therapeutic paradigms that are gaining importance for the clinical management of the growing heart failure population suffering from CRS. Recent Findings: Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) in patients with heart failure is associated with poor outcome. Although systemic venous congestion and elevated central venous pressure have been recognized as main contributors to CRS, they are often neglected in clinical practice. The delicate hemodynamic balance in CRS is particularly determined by the respective status of the right heart. Summary: The consideration of hemodynamic and CRS profiles is advantageous in tailoring treatment for better preservation of renal function. Assessment and monitoring of right heart and renal function by known and emerging tools like renal Doppler ultrasonography or new biomarkers may have direct clinical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review article provides an in-depth examination of sarcoptic mange in domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), a widespread and highly contagious dermatological condition caused by Sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi mites. Sarcoptic mange poses significant health risks to rabbits and can lead to severe economic losses in commercial rabbit farming due to decreased productivity, inferior leather quality, and increased mortality rates. Clinical manifestations in rabbits include intense itching, skin lesions, hair loss, and secondary bacterial infections, which can be fatal if left untreated. The immune response in rabbits involves both innate and adaptive components, with keratinocytes playing a crucial role in initiating the response. The adaptive immune response is characterized by a mixed T helper cell profile, leading to inflammation and antibody production, which possibly play a key role in controlling mite infestations. Diagnosis of sarcoptic mange is typically based on clinical signs, supported by microscopic examination of skin scrapings and serological tests. The review emphasizes the risk of transmission to humans, especially those in close contact with infested rabbits, and explores the complex host-parasite immune interplay, detailing how S. scabiei evades the host's immune system through various mechanisms. The review also discusses advanced treatment approaches, focusing on the need for effective control measures to prevent the spread of mange in rabbit populations. The article underscores the importance of further research into the molecular mechanisms of the disease to develop targeted therapeutic interventions., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest There is no conflict of interest, according to the authors., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The COVID-19 pandemic has left a profound mark on global health, leading to substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Beyond the immediate symptoms of infection, the emergence of "long COVID", the long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2, has become a significant public health concern. Long COVID is a multifaceted condition affecting various organs and systems, including the cardiovascular, digestive, nervous, and endocrine systems. Individuals diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) may face an increased risk of severe COVID-19 symptoms and infection. It is crucial to comprehend how long COVID affects PCOS patients to devise effective treatment and care strategies. Here, we review the detrimental effects of COVID-19 and its long-term effects on reproductive health, endocrine function, inflammation, metabolism, cardiovascular health, body composition, lifestyle, and mental health in patients with PCOS. We offer recommendations for the post-covid-19 management of PCOS, emphasizing the necessity of a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach to patient care. Furthermore, we discuss prospective research directions, highlighting the significance of continued investigations and clinical trials to evaluate treatment approaches for long COVID and its ramifications in individuals with PCOS., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Zhang, Wu, Mprah and Wang.)

As part of the European Network for Optimization of Veterinary Antimicrobial Treatment (ENOVAT), a webinar on the topic "Mastitis Treatment in Lactation" was held, in which eight mastitis experts from different European countries (Spain, The Netherlands, Estonia, Ireland, Poland, Finland, Germany, and Italy) presented their treatment approaches for clinical mastitis in lactation. The aim of this study was to compare the therapeutic approaches to identify commonalities and differences. In all eight participating countries, the decision to start treatment is usually made by the veterinarians, while the farm personnel are responsible for treatment administration. Antibiotic treatment is then typically administered intramammarily. The treatment duration often depends on the label instructions and is frequently extended if Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus uberis is involved. Administering supportive therapy, especially non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is an established practice in all countries. Penicillin is the first-choice drug for the treatment of mastitis in an increasing number of countries. The use of critically important antimicrobials (CIAs) such as quinolones and third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins is at a low level in Finland and The Netherlands. In Estonia, Germany, Italy, and Spain, the use of CIAs is declining and is only allowed if milk samples are analyzed in advance following the legal framework. Systems for monitoring antibiotic use are being introduced in more and more countries. This exchange of different views will help the European countries to move towards a common high standard of antimicrobial stewardship in veterinary medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review article explores the challenges associated with landfill leachate resulting from the increasing disposal of municipal solid waste in landfills and open areas. The composition of landfill leachate includes antibiotics (0.001–100 μg), heavy metals (0.001–1.4 g/L), dissolved organic and inorganic components, and xenobiotics including polyaromatic hydrocarbons (10–25 μg/L). Conventional treatment methods, such as biological (microbial and phytoremediation) and physicochemical (electrochemical and membrane-based) techniques, are available but face limitations in terms of cost, accuracy, and environmental risks. To surmount these challenges, this study advocates for the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) to strengthen treatment efficacy through predictive analytics and optimized operational parameters. It critically evaluates the risks posed by recalcitrant leachate components and appraises the performance of various treatment modalities, both independently and in tandem with biological and physicochemical processes. Notably, physicochemical treatments have demonstrated pollutant removal rates of up to 90% for various contaminants, while integrated biological approaches have achieved over 95% removal efficiency. However, the heterogeneous nature of solid waste composition further complicates treatment methodologies. Consequently, the integration of advanced ML algorithms such as Support Vector Regression, Artificial Neural Networks, and Genetic Algorithms is proposed to refine leachate treatment processes. This review provides valuable insights for different stakeholders specifically researchers, policymakers and practitioners, seeking to fortify waste disposal infrastructure and foster sustainable landfill leachate management practices. By leveraging AI and ML tools in conjunction with a nuanced understanding of leachate complexities, a promising pathway emerges towards effectively addressing this environmental challenge while mitigating potential adverse impacts. [Display omitted] • Landfills are anticipated to account for 70% of developing country waste. • Landfill leachates are abundant in pollutants like antibiotics, heavy metals and others. • Conventional treatment methods had limitations due to cost, accuracy and risks. • Machine learning tools SVM, ANN and GA can aid in improved leachate treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• TBI has risk of increased infection for surgical procedures. • TBI can induce autoimmune conditions. • Blood brain barrier breakdown can lead in immunocompromised state. • Pre-clinical studies have shown a modifiable inflammatory surgery following neurotrauma. • Emerging approaches involve microdialysis and targeted treatment. Traumatic brain injury can have devastating consequences for patients and extended hospital stays and recovery course. Recent data indicate that the initial insult causes profound changes to the immune system and leads to a pro-inflammatory state. This alteration in homeostasis predisposes patients to an increased risk of infection and underlying autoimmune conditions. Increased emphasis has been placed on understanding this process both in the clinical and preclinical literature. This review highlights the intrinsic inflammatory conditions that can occur within the initial hospital stay, discusses long-term immune consequences, highlights emerging treatment options, and delves into important pathways currently being investigated with preclinical models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ruhsal hastalıkların geçmişi insanlık tarihi kadar eskidir. Tarihsel süreç içinde değişen toplumsal, kültürel pek çok faktörden etkilenen ruhsal bozukluklar, kavramsal olarak sürekli yeniden yapılandırılarak tanımları ve sınıflandırmaları değişikliğe uğramıştır. Kökleri insanlık tarihi kadar eski bir geçmişe uzanan obsesif kompulsif bozuklukların (OKB) modern kavramlarına evrilmesi 19. yüzyılda gerçekleşmiştir. OKB’nin ruhsal kökeni hakkındaki ilk bilimsel görüşler S. Freud’a aittir. Freud, OKB’deki ruhsal nedenlerin diğer ruhsal bozukluklardan farklı olduğunu gözlemleyerek obsesyonu, ayrı ve özgün bir bozukluk olarak incelemiştir. Zamanla OKB’nin oldukça yaygın bir rahatsızlık olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliği (APA) yayımladığı Ruhsal Bozuklukların Tanısal ve İstatiksel El Kitabı’nın son sürümü (DSM-5)’de OKB’yi anksiyete bozuklukları kategorisi içinden çıkartarak bağımsız bir başlık altında tasnif etmiştir. OKB, takıntılı fikir ve düşünce gibi zihinsel eylemler (obsesyon) ve/veya yineleyici ve zorlantılı davranışlardan (kompulsiyon) meydana gelen ruhsal bir bozukluktur. Hasta çoğu kez bu türlü düşünce ve davranışlarının mantıksız ve saçma olduğunun bilincindedir. Bu nedenle inançlarına, görüşlerine, ahlaki değerlerine ve mantığına ters bulduğu obsesif düşünceleri zihinden uzaklaştırılmaya çalışır. Fakat o çabaladıkça obsesif düşünceler daha da çoğalır, sıklaşır ve kişide büyük bir bunaltı meydana getirir. Hasta hissettiği bunaltıyı hafifletmek veya ondan tamamen kurtulmak için bu kez kompulsiyonlara başvurur. Kompulsiyonları tekrar ettikçe de bunaltısı artar ve kısır bir döngü içine girer. Bireyin yaşam kalitesini ciddi şekilde düşüren OKB’nin pek çok semptom alt grubu bulunmaktadır. Bunlardan birisi ve hatta en bunaltıcı olanı dini obsesyonlardır. Psikoloji literatüründe din ve OKB arasında uzun zamandır bir ilişki olduğu düşünülmüş ve bu ilişkiyi açıklığa kavuşturmayı amaçlayan bazı dikkat çekici çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Bireyin ruhsal sağlık bütünlüğünün korunmasında dinin vazgeçilmez bir unsur olduğunu gösteren pek çok araştırma bulgusu bulunmakla birlikte bazı dini anlayış biçimleri ve dini deneyimler sonucu edinilen kimi tecrübeler OKB ile ilgili kaygıları etkileyebilmektedir. Dindarlığın bu aşaması, OKB’nin bazı alt semptom gruplarıyla yakından ilişkilidir. Psikanaliz yönteminin kurucusu Freud ve takipçilerinin açıklamaları, OKB’nin anlaşılmasına büyük katkı sağlamıştır. Ancak psikanalitik yöntemin kuramsal açıdan dine karşı indirgemeci bir yaklaşım sergilemesi nedeniyle kişinin dine olan bağlılığının daha başlangıçta bir patoloji ya da en azından önemli bir içgörü engeli olarak değerlendirilmesi söz konusudur. Günümüzde bilişsel davranışçı psikoterapiler, OKB üzerinde en etkili psikolojik tedavi yöntemi olarak kabul edilir fakat onların da dini OKB’lerin tedavisinde başarı oranları düşüktür. Dini OKB kaygıları, genellikle somut tekrarlanabilir durumlar yerine manevi konuları içerdiğinden davranışçı yöntemlerin dini OKB tedavisinde uygulanması oldukça zor olabilir. Dolayısıyla geleneksel psikoterapi yaklaşımları, açıkça dine karşı olmasalar bile genellikle dini boyutu ihmal ettiklerinden dini obsesyonları bulunan bireylerin hayatlarındaki ıztırabı dindirmede yetersiz kalmaktadırlar. Ruhsal tedavilerin seküler yaklaşımlarla sınırlı tutulmasından doğan boşluk nedeniyle dindar hastalar, dini duyguları istismar eden kişilerin illegal uygulamalarının tehdidiyle karşı karşıyadırlar. Klinik anlamda dini obsesyonlar daha kaygı verici ve bunaltıcıdır. Dolayısıyla tedavileri de diğerlerinkinden daha zordur. OKB’nin tedavisinde farklı bilim disiplinlerin bir arada kullanıldığı, dini inanç ve değerler etrafında esneyebilecek, seçmeci yaklaşımlar daha etkili tedavi modelleri ortaya çıkartabilir. Böylece dini OKB’nin tedavisindeki başarı oranı tıp, psikoloji ve ilahiyat disiplinlerinin uygun işbirliği sayesinde üst düzeylere taşınabilir. İlahiyat disiplinleri açısından bu işbirliğini destekleyebilecek zengin bir dini kültürel miras bulunmaktadır. Bir örnek olarak Ebû Zeyd el-Belhî (322/934), Mesalihu’l-Ebdan ve’l-Enfüs adlı eserinde, Freud’dan yaklaşık on asır önce, nevrozlar ve psikozlar arasında muhtemelen ilk defa açık bir ayrım yapmış ve nevrotik bozuklukları sınıflandırmıştır. Ayrıca eserinde, bu bozuklukların her birinin tedavisi için rasyonel ve manevi bilişsel terapilerin nasıl kullanılacağını ayrıntılı bir şekilde göstermiştir. Bu çalışmada dini obsesyonlara hem psikolojik bir rahatsızlık hem de teolojik bir problem olarak bütüncül bir yöntemle yaklaşılmasının önemi vurgulanmaktadır. Bu nedenle dini OKB’nin tedavisinde psikiyatrik ve psikolojik yaklaşımların manevi danışmanlık ve rehberlikle işbirliği önerilmektedir. Dindar bir kişide görülen belirtilerin dini yaşantıya ait normal, tabii dini düşünce ve davranışlar mı yoksa dini kılıfa bürünmüş anormal görünümler mi olduğunun ayrıştırılmasındaki güçlük disiplinler arası bu işbirliğini zorunlu kılmaktadır.

Speech and language pathologists have an important role to play in the treatment of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder. There exists a large body of evidence regarding the efficacy of assessment protocols and treatment approaches for individuals with ASD. There is an ever-growing need for clinicians to adopt holistic, family-centred clinical practices, and this is particularly important within ASD, where clinical presentations are often varied. This study described the assessments and intervention programs used by one SLP in the treatment of a minimally verbal seven-year-old male with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. It found that the utilisation of multiple treatment programs may be required within therapy to provide individuals on the autism spectrum with high-quality, family-centred intervention. Further research into the development of clinically standardized procedures for selecting speech pathology interventions to promote client-centred practices is recommended.

The synthetic dyes used in the textile industry pollute a large amount of water. Textile dyes do not bind tightly to the fabric and are discharged as effluent into the aquatic environment. As a result, the continuous discharge of wastewater from a large number of textile industries without prior treatment has significant negative consequences on the environment and human health. Textile dyes contaminate aquatic habitats and have the potential to be toxic to aquatic organisms, which may enter the food chain. This review will discuss the effects of textile dyes on water bodies, aquatic flora, and human health. Textile dyes degrade the esthetic quality of bodies of water by increasing biochemical and chemical oxygen demand, impairing photosynthesis, inhibiting plant growth, entering the food chain, providing recalcitrance and bioaccumulation, and potentially promoting toxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity. Therefore, dye-containing wastewater should be effectively treated using eco-friendly technologies to avoid negative effects on the environment, human health, and natural water resources. This review compares the most recent technologies which are commonly used to remove dye from textile wastewater, with a focus on the advantages and drawbacks of these various approaches. This review is expected to spark great interest among the research community who wish to combat the widespread risk of toxic organic pollutants generated by the textile industries.

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical features, treatment approaches and outcomes of primary malign renal tumors in children. Material and Methods: The oncology charts of children diagnosed and followed up with primary malign renal tumors between 2006 and 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic and clinical characteristics, treatment approaches and follow-up of the patients were noted. Results: In this period, 49 of 950 children with malignant disease had primary renal kidney tumors (5.2%). The patients’ age ranged from three days to 13 years (median, 3 years). The male to female ratio was 25/24. The most common symptom and signs were abdominal mass. Both patients had bilateral disease (4.1%). Pathological diagnoses were Wilms tumor (n = 44, 89.8%), mesoblastic nephroma (n = 2, 4.1%), clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (n = 2, 4.1%), and primary synovial sarcoma of the kidney (n = 1, 2%). Only two of the patients with Wilms tumor had diffuse anaplasia. The risk groups of our patients were low (n=4, 8.3%), intermediate (n=35, 72.9%) and high risk (n=9, 18.8%). Follow-up periods ranged from two months to 15 years (median, 5 years). Overall and event free survival rates were 72.7% and 59.7%, respectively. Overall and event-free survival rates of Wilms tumor were 79% and 63%. Conclusion: Multidisciplinary approaches have increased success rates in primary malignant kidney tumors, especially in Wilms tumor. After that, it should be focused on both increasing the success of the treatment and reducing the treatment-related side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer remains one of the most pressing health challenges globally, necessitating ongoing research into innovative therapeutic approaches. This article explores two critical factors influencing cancer: ncRNAs and nanotherapy. The role of ncRNAs, including microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, in cancer pathogenesis, progression, and treatment resistance is elucidated. Additionally, the potential of nanotherapy, leveraging nanoscale materials for targeted drug delivery and enhanced therapeutic efficacy, is investigated. By comprehensively analyzing the molecular mechanisms underlying ncRNA dysregulation and the promise of nanotherapy in cancer treatment, this article aims to provide valuable insights into novel therapeutic strategies for combating cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As part of the European Network for Optimization of Veterinary Antimicrobial Treatment (ENOVAT), a webinar on the topic “Mastitis Treatment in Lactation” was held, in which eight mastitis experts from different European countries (Spain, The Netherlands, Estonia, Ireland, Poland, Finland, Germany, and Italy) presented their treatment approaches for clinical mastitis in lactation. The aim of this study was to compare the therapeutic approaches to identify commonalities and differences. In all eight participating countries, the decision to start treatment is usually made by the veterinarians, while the farm personnel are responsible for treatment administration. Antibiotic treatment is then typically administered intramammarily. The treatment duration often depends on the label instructions and is frequently extended if Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus uberis is involved. Administering supportive therapy, especially non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is an established practice in all countries. Penicillin is the first-choice drug for the treatment of mastitis in an increasing number of countries. The use of critically important antimicrobials (CIAs) such as quinolones and third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins is at a low level in Finland and The Netherlands. In Estonia, Germany, Italy, and Spain, the use of CIAs is declining and is only allowed if milk samples are analyzed in advance following the legal framework. Systems for monitoring antibiotic use are being introduced in more and more countries. This exchange of different views will help the European countries to move towards a common high standard of antimicrobial stewardship in veterinary medicine.

Copyright of Journal für Ästhetische Chirurgie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Practical relevance: Traumatic abdominal wall rupture is a potentially serious injury in cats. Feline and general practitioners should be up to date with the significance of these injuries and the procedures required to correct them. Clinical challenges: It is essential that the surgeon understands the local anatomy and adheres to Halsted's principles in order that postoperative morbidity and mortality are kept to a minimum. Equipment: Standard general surgical equipment is required together with the facilities to provide adequate pre-, intra- and postoperative patient care. Evidence base: The authors have drawn on evidence from the published literature, as well as their own clinical experience, in developing this review aimed all veterinarians who want to update their skills in managing feline abdominal wall trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoarthritis (OA) presents a growing health concern, with substantial societal and healthcare burdens. Current management focuses on symptom relief, lacking disease-modifying options. Emerging research suggests the sodium channel Nav1.7 as a pivotal target in OA treatment. Preclinical studies demonstrate carbamazepine's efficacy in Nav1.7 blockade, offering significant joint protection in animal models. However, human trials are needed to validate these findings. Carbamazepine's repurposing holds promise for OA management, potentially revolutionizing treatment paradigms. Further research is essential to bridge the gap between preclinical evidence and clinical application, offering hope for improved OA management and enhanced patient quality of life., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article., (©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

Melasma is a common acquired pigmentary disorder and is particularly seen among Asians and Hispanics. It is characterized by greyish-brown patches in areas of the face exposed to the sun, such as the forehead, cheeks, lips, and nose. Melasma has a psychological effect on affected patients and can reduce their quality of life. Since long, it has been a frustrating condition in terms of treatment for both dermatologists and patients. Continuous strict sun protection and avoding other triggers are essential. Hydroquinone is the most commonly used agent in topical monotherapy. A topical triple-combination formula is still the gold standard for treating melasma. Chemical peels and lasers lead to a high risk of post-inflammatory pigmentation. Oral tranexamic acid may be considered for those who fail or who only partially respond to conventional therapy; however, further studies are required to fully elucidate the efficacy and safety of this agent. Understanding dermal changes and the importance of vascularization in the pathogenesis of melasma will result in the development of new treatment options.

Copyright of Cumhuriyet Ilahiyat Dergisi / Cumhuriyet Theology Journal is the property of Cumhuriyet Universitesi, Ilahiyat Fakultesi / Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Theology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Psychodrama und Soziometrie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Mass-casualty incidents are always a particular challenge not only for healthcare providers and other emergency service responders at the scene but also for receiving hospitals. Terrorism-related mass-casualty incidents can result in a wide variety of different scenarios so that hospitals and their personnel must prepare for far more complex and demanding requirements. Purpose: In this article, we describe and discuss in-hospital aspects of mass-casualty terrorist incidents and focus on the special medical and in particular surgical care that is required in this setting. Methods: The overview presented here is based on the Terror and Disaster Surgical Care (TDSC®) course. The TDSC® course was mainly developed from a comprehensive and structured analysis of the literature, single expert opinions, and expert consensus conferences. The objective of this course is to train clinical decision-makers in how to manage major incidents. Results: The management of a mass-casualty terrorist incident and the care of victims present multiple and unique challenges to hospitals. This applies in particular to the number and distribution of patients arriving at the hospital, injury patterns, infrastructural aspects, and personnel resources. Particular attention must be given to the surgical approach to caring for these patients, e.g., early total care, damage control surgery, or tactical abbreviated surgical care. Conclusion: Mass-casualty terrorist incidents are different from other mass-casualty events in many respects that require special attention. The provision of appropriate public services requires in particular that the preparation and training of personnel as well as the organisation of the in-hospital response be tailored to the incident. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Stroke is one of the leading cause for mortality and disability. As a medical emergency, timely and appropriate treatment is necessary to save the life and disabilities in patients. Based on the impairments and clinical outcomes of the disease its awareness on knowledge about the condition and treatment approaches should be done especially in rural population. Objectives: 1. To study awareness about stroke 2. To study awareness of various forms of treatment approaches in stroke amongst rural population Material and Method: It is a questionnaire-based survey. 100 subjects participated in the survey. The questionnaire was based on the awareness of treatment approaches. subjects with age 20 and above were included in this study. After the reception of responses, data was analyzed with help of appropriate statistical methods. Results: Out of all respondents, 53% was female population and 47% was male population. Out of which 48 % of female population was aware about stroke and 5% females was unaware. 43% of male populations was aware about stroke and 4%of male population was unaware. The treatment approaches preferred were Medicine and physiotherapy. Conclusion: In rural population, people are well aware about stroke but are less aware about various treatment approaches used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neurorehabilitation was initiated in the 1990s. It developed slowly at beginning. The main treatment approaches were neurodevelopmental treatment (NDT) represented by Bothath, Brunnstrom, PNF and Rood`s. Just recent decade, with the evidence of'the ten years of the brain', the focus of the neurorehabilitation has been shifted from the limbs to the brain. A few new technics also appeared such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), as well as functional electrical stimulation (FES), functional cycling and robotic.

Objective: Breast cancer is common among women aged 65 and over. There is a significant lack of evidence regarding the treatment of breast cancer in patients in this age group due to the rare inclusion of these patients in clinical studies. However, it is known that survival in elderly patients with breast cancer is significantly reduced in those not receiving standard therapy. Several factors, including patients' comorbidities, performance status, life expectancy, and tumor pathological and molecular characteristics, can affect the outcomes of treatment. In this study, we aimed to update the knowledge in this field by assessing these factors among the geriatric population in our multicenter dataset., Methods: This retrospective study analyzed data from 335 breast cancer patients aged 65 and over who received adjuvant radiotherapy at five oncology centers (Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Meram Medical Faculty - Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Prof. Dr. Cemil Tascioglu City Hospital, Istanbul, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, and Istanbul Oncology Hospital, Istanbul) between May 2010 and September 2022. Demographic, clinical, and pathological data were collected, including age, gender, clinical symptoms, tumor characteristics, treatment approaches, and outcomes. Statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics, Kaplan-Meier analysis, log-rank test, and Cox regression analysis, were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22 (Released 2013; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States), with a significance level of p < 0.05., Results: The tumor characteristics and survival time of 335 breast cancer patients were examined. In the results, performance status, T stage, and perineural invasion were found to be factors affecting the survival of elderly breast cancer patients. In multivariate analysis, it was seen that performance status played an important role as an independent prognostic factor., Conclusion: The treatment of breast cancer in the geriatric age group necessitates a personalized approach, taking into account the patient's overall health status, life expectancy, and comorbidities., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2024, Karabulut Gul et al.)