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Through a qualitative research with in-depth interviews with Tunisian travellers and netnography on travel related blogs, we aim to investigate how connected technologies modified imaginaries in the travel experience through the (non)sharing behaviour. Findings demonstrate a related expressed paradoxical behaviour swinging between 'self-promotion' and 'evil eye': the former being the desire to be socially visible and included, and the latter is the fear of being jinxed by others. Accordingly, we identify five different travellers' profiles. We conclude that paradoxical social imaginaries of both worldviews can coexist within the travel experience, leading to an incredible complexity and a continuous oscillation between both. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to present the journeys of two Italian travellers, Francesco Negri and Giuseppe Acerbi, who visited Norway in 1663 and the late 1700s, respectively. Despite being the first Italians to explore Norway, their stories and the Norwegian itinerary remain largely unknown. This article exclusively focuses on analysing their Norwegian itinerary, setting aside the exploration of the rest of Scandinavia, which has been covered by other authors. Their narratives provide valuable insights into the cultural and societal landscape of the North during their time, illuminating a region largely undiscovered by other European travellers. By documenting their experiences and observations, Negri and Acerbi contribute to a broader understanding of Northern Europe, challenging prevailing narratives. Through their travelogues, they offer a unique perspective that enhances our knowledge of the North and its inhabitants before the advent of romanticized depictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lorraine Byrne Bodley's "Schubert: A Musical Wayfarer" is a comprehensive biography of Franz Schubert, focusing on his life and works. Bodley, a leading scholar on Schubert, explores his early years of prolific composition and his relationships with influential figures. The book also delves into unresolved mysteries surrounding Schubert's sexuality and unfinished works, offering new perspectives on the composer's life and art. Bodley's biography sheds light on Schubert's musical development and challenges persistent myths about the composer, making it an essential resource for understanding his legacy. [Extracted from the article]

Policy developments associated with increased lifestyle-related regulations have compelled Travellers to re-assess their social worlds and adapt accordingly. Adopting a social constructionist epistemological stance, this qualitative study drew upon the Identity Process Theory, alongside Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) as a broad framework to (1) explore the way in which non-Traveller women experience a sense of community integration upon marrying into the Traveller community, (2) to explicate the extent to which their experiences of integration impact upon their own identity, and (3) to develop an understanding of how these lived experiences inform the changes within Traveller culture through the process of integration. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six women aged between 28–42 years living within the UK. Guided by the principles of IPA, three superordinate themes, each consisting of two subordinate themes emerged from the analysis: 'Joining the culture', 'Cultural Clashes', and 'Changes to the self'. The findings highlighted that participant's experienced interpersonal conflict and continuous negotiations between continuity and discontinuity, that had either positive or negative impacts to their individual identity. This paper has important implications for professionals who aim to provide support and enhance the overall wellbeing of individuals living between these two contrasting cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on self-congruity theory, we construct and examine a theoretical model that explores the effect of destination attachment on revisiting intention via ideal and actual self-congruity through a gender-based lens. We gathered data from 301 travellers visiting the Çanakkale dark destination in Türkiye and empirically analysed it by adopting PLS-Henseler's multigroup and PLS-permutation analysis. Our results confirm significant differences between the effects of destination attachment and self-congruity dimensions (e.g. ideal and actual self-congruity) on travellers' revisit intention. However, only ideal self-congruity mediates the relationships of attachment towards revisit intention, with this intervention effect being positive for males whereas negative for females. This study offers prominent theoretical and practical contributions to the gender-based destination-marketing research agenda with reliable suggestions for dark-destination authorities and marketers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What is the purpose of traveling to Venice today, and what motivated the travellers of the 20th century? To what extent can the popularity of Venice be traced back to a general image awaiting manifestation in the form of a visible city – as an image carries emotional significance and evokes a desire for connection? This study explores this general image within 20th and 21st century literary works, ranging from Dezsõ Kosztolányi to Éva Bánki. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exponential growth of online information has LED to significant challenges in navigating data overload, particularly in the tourism industry. Travelers are overwhelmed with choices regarding destinations, accommodations, dining, and attractions, making it difficult to select options that best meet their needs. Recommender systems have emerged as a promising solution to this problem, aiding users in decision-making by providing personalized suggestions based on their preferences. Traditional collaborative filtering (CF) methods, however, face limitations, such as data sparsity and reliance on single rating scores, which do not fully capture the complexity of user preferences. This study proposes a hybrid multi-criteria trust-enhanced CF (HMCTeCF) algorithm to improve the accuracy and robustness of tourism recommendations. HMCTeCF improves the quality of recommendations by integrating multi-criteria user preferences with trust relationships among users and between items. Experimental results using real-world datasets, including Restaurants-TripAdvisor and Hotels-TripAdvisor, demonstrate that HMCTeCF outperforms benchmark CF-based recommendation methods. It achieves higher prediction accuracy and coverage rate, effectively addressing the data sparsity problem. This innovative algorithm facilitates a more personalized and enriching travel experience, particularly in scenarios with limited user data. The findings highlight the importance of considering multiple criteria and trust relationships in developing robust recommendation systems for the tourism industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This note considers some of the reporting on Highland Gypsy Travellers by journalists writing in northern Scottish newspapers in the mid- and late-nineteenth century and illustrates the nature and extent of prejudices against this group. It shows how these prejudices were displayed even by those who advocated for Highlanders, opposed oppression and showed sympathy towards the plight of Travellers. These include Hugh Miller, writing in the Inverness Courier, John Mackie in the John o' Groat Journal and Northern Ensign, and Thomas Mulock in the Inverness Advertiser. These writers, while rejecting the claim that there were innate differences between 'races of men', generally held that some peoples had fallen into a 'degraded state' from which it was the duty of Christians to rescue them. This was similar to the approach often taken towards colonised peoples, for example towards First Nations children in Canada. The note briefly considers two areas of legislation which had an impact in Highland Gypsy Travellers – the Vagrancy Act, extended to Scotland in 1871, and the Education Acts of the 1870s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe the case of a returned traveler to the United States from Ecuador who had an acute febrile illness, initially diagnosed as Oropouche fever. This illness was later confirmed to be a rare infection with Iquitos virus, a related bunyavirus that shares 2 of 3 genome segments with Oropouche virus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a suspected case of acute pulmonary coccidioidomycosis contracted in Peru, where the disease is not known to occur, in a patient from Switzerland. Although not confirmed by direct diagnostic testing, the clinical manifestations and serologic testing results of this case are highly suggestive of coccidioidomycosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research shows that well-grounded knowledge of the intended travellers is essential for achieving successful DRT services. However, there is a lack of understanding of the potential travels in different age groups, and the acceptance of design alternatives that may affect these. Based on surveys conducted in Sweden, this paper investigates these factors in a hypothetical DRT service, in the age groups 6–17, 18–69 and over 70 years. A total of 1241 people answered the questionnaires. The results show that the age groups have similar acceptance regarding delays and departure time intervals. Older adults have lower acceptance of digital solutions, and children and older adults have stronger requirements for value-added services. About 85–90% of the respondents claim they would use the service, at least occasionally. The results also show how a DRT system should be configured to allow room for system efficiency gains, while still being accepted by most travellers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revue des Lettres Modernes is the property of Classiques Garnier and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The ancestors of the dingo were brought to mainland Australia around 4000 years ago by people who arrived by boat. The identity of these voyagers from the north, however, and the nature of their interactions with the Aboriginal population of Australia, are unknown. Here, we propose that Indigenous flood narratives from the Kimberley contain evidence for contact between Aboriginal people and early Asian seafarers in the form of the “thunder complex”. The latter is a very specific repertoire of taboos, rituals and stories that occurs widely among ethnographically known societies of Indonesia, the Philippines and peninsular Malaysia, but has not previously been identified in Australia. Among Southeast Asian groups, this cultural complex revolves around the idea that certain prohibited acts perpetrated against animals – especially “mocking” them by treating them as though they were human – precipitate a punitive storm and/or flooding. We show that in some oral traditions of the Kimberley region animal mockery is similarly held to be the causative agent behind disastrous flooding events that took place in the past creationary epoch. We contend that this localised Aboriginal variant of the thunder complex reflects an episode of close interaction with early Austronesian‐speaking voyagers who introduced ancestral dingoes to mainland Australia, apparently via the Kimberley coast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the commercial activities between Vietnam and China that were conducted by diplomatic envoys (ambassadors) in the 19th century, focusing on three aspects: those that envoys coordinated during tribute missions or diplomatic visits, the trade that they facilitated in the form of buying and selling goods in the other country, and the commerce that occurred when envoys escorted distressed or expelled travellers back to their home country. The analysis reveals that the trade conducted by ambassadors through most of the century was a two-way commercial exchange and driven by mutual interests. However, China’s demand for foreign goods was significantly less pronounced than that of Vietnam. Furthermore, there was a notable degree of asymmetry in benefits and an unequal level of control and influence in this form of trade. This asymmetry, along with the increasingly diverse forms of exchange between China and other countries (especially the growth of private trade) and the expanding role of Western merchants in the regional trade network, eventually ended the dominance of ambassadorial trade in commercial relations between Vietnam and China by the late 19th century. It also contributed to the end of the centuries-long tributary relationship between the two countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In his description of the Essenes in the Judean War , Josephus asserts that members of this group settled in many cities, and, in doing so, formed an interregional community with members travelling between and visiting each other in different places. Individual travellers, in turn, travel light because they can enjoy the hospitality of the host community in the cities which they visit (War 2.124–127). How can we explain Josephus' emphasis on the Essenes as a hospitable community in view of a first-century readership of War and in the wider socio-cultural context of the Roman Mediterranean? This article has two interlocking aims. The first is to examine the emphasis on travel and hospitality in Josephus' description of the Essenes. To draw out this emphasis, we situate this passage in its wider narrative context and compare it to descriptions of the Essenes in other classical sources, especially the writings of Philo of Alexandria. Our second aim, taking the image of the Essenes as hosts and travellers as a departure point, is to elucidate the cultural constructs undergirding Josephus' descriptions of hospitality throughout his writings. Starting from the premise that Josephus' language of guest-friendship would be recognisable to local audiences in and around Rome, we consider how Josephus' diction of travel and hospitality participates in broader cultural practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thus far, approaches to analyzing geographies in large collections of digital texts have used coordinate-based locations derived from toponyms (place names). Although this approach provides a useful starting point, it ignores both nontoponym references to place and textual structure while stressing Euclidean space. This article addresses these issues. Focusing on a corpus of writing about the English Lake District before 1900, it explores the different geographies associated with tourists, travelers, and inhabitants. Alongside toponyms, we identify the concept of a geo-noun to associate place with geographical features. Sense of place is then identified using the adjectives, nouns, and verbs that writers associate with locations and locales. This methodology allows us to identify and define places described in large volumes of digital text both holistically and textually. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper develops a concept of interfacing as a heterogeneous zone of interaction, a relational space created by users as they bring together interact with and draw on a range of digital and analogue materials, sources and technologies. It examines the ways tourists and travellers access, engage, use, transfer and blend multiple media sources drawing across both analogue and digital sources as they plan, execute and reflect on the trips and visits they make. It derives from a series of in depth 'show and tell' style interviews with 18 participants recruited in the UK. It contributes to the growing literature on digital geographies by exploring the relational spatiality by which individuals build interfacing activities around specific tasks and experiences as heterogeneous and contingent socio-material spaces. It develops a conception of interfacing around two interrelated and iterative sets of embodied practices. These are firstly, assembling and mobilising and secondly intermediating and sense making. Using this twin conception of interfacing as an active making, the paper discusses how and where a conception of interfacing as embodied practice might contribute to understandings of human digital relationships within complex poly media situations and environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nineteenth-century Victorian travellers in Northeast Asia were consistently captivated by the Ainu people indigenous to the Okhotsk region. In an age characterized by popular adventure fiction in which the trope of discovering a 'lost white tribe' figured prominently, it was perhaps not surprising that the Ainu, who were ethnically distinct from the neighbouring Japanese, would be described as 'white,' 'Caucasian' or 'Aryan' in a large body of travel writing and scientific texts. Why, then, did two of the longest English-language accounts of the Ainu published during this period show no interest in Ainu 'whiteness' and virtually none in questions of racial classification? Published the same year (1893) by two very different men, British-American humanitarian doctor Benjamin Douglas Howard and Italian-British provocateur and artist Henry Savage Landor, these books repeat hackneyed tropes of primitiveness, but remain surprisingly uninterested in explicit questions of race. This is particularly striking in that Landor later included a 'lost white tribe' episode in an account of his travels in the Philippines (1904). This article uses these works to reflect on the social constructedness of racial categorizations even in contexts far removed from their authors' home society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

US-bound immigrants and refugees undergo a mandatory overseas medical examination that includes tuberculosis screening; this exam is not routinely required for temporary visitors applying for non-immigrant visas (NIV) to visit, work, or study in the United States. US health departments and foreign ministries of health report tuberculosis cases in travelers to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Quarantine Stations. We reviewed cases reported to this passive surveillance system from January 2011 to June 2016. Of 1252 cases of tuberculosis in travelers reported to CDC, 114 occurred in travelers with a long-term NIV. Of these, 83 (73%) were infectious; 18 (16%) with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) and one with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR TB). We found evidence that NIV holders are diagnosed with tuberculosis disease in the United States. Given that long-term NIV holders were over-represented in this data set, despite the small proportion (4%) of overall non-immigrant admissions they represent, expanding the US overseas migration health screening program to this population might be an efficient intervention to further reduce tuberculosis in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Room price and availability are important determinants of the timing of hotel bookings. However, their effects over time cannot be viewed as monotonic. Travelers book earlier when their target hotel charges higher prices than others only when their day of arrival is far away. Travelers book earlier when their target hotel is less available than others only if their target arrival day is less than two months away. Travelers also book earlier if they intend to travel with a child or other companions and stay for more nights. Furthermore, traveler booking lead times significantly increase the probability of actual check-in. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study challenges the top-down theory's view that travel does not lead to sustained increases in life satisfaction. The impact of travel experience factors on life satisfaction before, during, and after travel was longitudinally evaluated among 252 young travelers (aged 20‐30 years). The survey results showed that expectations before the trip, serendipity during the trip, and savoring after the trip affected life satisfaction directly or indirectly. In particular, the influence of savoring after travel on life satisfaction was much higher than that associated with travel satisfaction. In addition, the effect of travel satisfaction on savoring was nonsignificant, while that of serendipity was significant. Thus, beyond travel satisfaction, serendipity and savoring offer alternative paths to amplify life satisfaction derived from travel experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For centuries Eastern Churches only employed the semantron , usually an elongated piece of wood that is struck with a hammer, to gather the faithful. Eventually, most adopted bell ringing, even though semantra continue to be used by some Orthodox Churches. In the West bells were rung for the same purpose and the semantron was unknown. As a result, Western pilgrims, diplomats, and other travellers to the eastern Mediterranean were astonished and intrigued when they encountered the instrument. This article looks at their descriptions and discusses how the instrument and its sounds were used to other Oriental Christianity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While there has been an increase in the number of tourists travelling solo, there is a steady growth in females travelling alone as tourists around the globe. This phenomenon has led to a growing scholarly interest, yet solo female travel as a research topic is relatively under-researched. Only limited knowledge exists about the psychological issues of female solo travel, such as loneliness. There is a gap in our understanding of interpreting solo travel by females, depending on their country of origin and the type of destinations they have travelled solo. This study examined these aspects by exploring female solo travelling in South Asian destinations with European and Asian participants. The results revealed that the meaning of solo travelling is associated with four themes: freedom pursuit, being with the self, self-enhancement, and connectedness with people. It also disclosed that solo female travellers have different perceptions about 'loneliness,' and everyone does not see loneliness as a negative outcome. The results further indicate that the perception of solo travel and loneliness and how to cope with lonely times are likely to be subjective to the type of destinations where solo travelling takes place and the country of origin of the travellers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extant research on the concept of bleisure is mainly in the context of the Global North or relates to travellers from the Global North. This investigation is the first in the environment of the Global South to examine the bleisure activities among informal business tourists. Using a survey of 700 informal business tourists in Harare, Zimbabwe, the results show that the accommodation choices and the bleisure activities undertaken by these informal business tourists in Zimbabwe's capital city are markedly different to those reported in studies of business travellers from the Global North. Bleisure activities identified as significant are visits to friends/relatives, participation in religious activities, personal shopping and the enjoyment of sports, musical events and Harare's night-time economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on debunking the long-held belief that Alta California missions were spaced a day's travel apart, challenging claims made in various texts. Topics discussed include the chronological establishment of missions, distances between them, and the challenges faced by travelers and missionaries.

The article focuses on the establishment of Fort Kearny in Nebraska Territory, its significance in protecting overland travelers heading west, and the challenges faced by emigrants along the trails. Topics include the fort's relocation for better protection of emigrants, the role it played as a supply station, and the harsh realities of trail life including the struggles, dangers, and diverse backgrounds of those migrating.

This essay aims to analyze the narratives about the Amazon region by naturalist travelers Wallace, Humboldt, Spruce and Waterton about the fauna, flora and Amazonian people of the 19th century mentioned by John Hemming in his text Naturalists in Paradise: Wallace, Bates and Spruce in the Amazon. In addition to discussing in the field of language the duality of narratives where the region and its people are represented by the extremes of empty and full, magnificent and hideous, paradisiacal and hellish. This reading of the past is necessary due to the possibility of creating new imaginaries in the present, in addition to rethinking the crystallizations manifested in today's thoughts generated in yesterday. The narratives were selected based on the contradictory meaning present in their content and analyzed through the prism of the categories of racialization, Amazonianism and language addressed by Souza (2017), Albuquerque (2016), Williams (1979) and others. With the analysis of the narratives, it became evident that nature was positioned above the subjects, reflecting a hierarchy that permeated the naturalists' descriptions. Furthermore, travelers were predisposed to confirm their preconceived ideas during their journeys, shaping their perceptions and interpretations to align with their preconceptions.

AbstractGenerally, there are two kinds of travellers: package tourists and independent backpackers. The journey towards second language (L2) student feedback literacy shares many features with independent backpacker travel, and there are benefits to viewing student feedback literacy this way. Despite feedback playing a fundamental role in higher education learners’ development, students and teachers are currently dissatisfied with feedback. This research uses the metaphor of independent backpacker travel to explore how L2 learners can become more effective users of feedback through feedbackpacking. Specifically, seven Chinese undergraduate English for Academic Purposes students at a Sino-foreign joint venture university were interviewed. Data were analysed thematically to highlight salient features of students’ journeys towards L2 student feedback literacy and to demonstrate that for such learners, this journey is perhaps more complex than current understandings assume. By linking students’ self-reported feedback practices to the concept of independent backpacker travel, the practical insights reported will benefit higher education practitioners across disciplines who wish to develop their L2 learners’ feedback literacy. The results emphasize the importance of context, culture, and language for effective feedback, highlighting the benefits for L2 learners to adopt a mindset of feedbackpacking in order achieve L2 feedback literacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis article explores the Spanish Crown’s increasing regulations on mobility and their attempts to inspect and classify transatlantic travellers, highlighting both top-down and bottom-up expressions of power. It explores the efforts of early modern power to control movement, while tracing their shortcomings and limitations, as well as the means through which some travellers reclaimed power and their freedom to move. The article offers an overview of the Crown’s initial efforts to control movement, using historical accounts to enhance our understanding of the complex interaction between mobility and power, and how they shaped each other. By considering public policies, testimonies from local authorities, and freedom litigation suits, the article traces how power was resisted and balanced through individual responses and legal mechanisms, contributing to more nuanced and interdisciplinary views of power dynamics, the free movement of people, and global mobility studies. Drawing on Michel Foucault’s concept of disciplinary power, it proposes tracing earlier stages of this diffused form of power, shedding new light on mobility as a governing mechanism and as an amalgam of experiences that reconfigure power relations and convey stories of resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on British perceptions of Korea in the late nineteenth century, examining how Korea was viewed by Western travelers and periodicals amid the country's political instability and impending subjugation by foreign powers. It explores how British travel accounts and periodicals depicted Korea, its people, and its condition, highlighting the limited awareness of Korea's geopolitical significance at the time.

This article aims to situate Traveller evictions within discussions on local authorities and their role in realising human rights. It focuses on the scenario where local authorities choose to merely tolerate rather than regularise Travellers' housing situation, leading to forced evictions without culturally appropriate alternative accommodation. Through a case study in a Belgian city, three aspects will be examined. First, the local authority's position will be evaluated against the case law of the European Court of Human Rights. Second, the article will analyse the involved actors' human rights engagement. Based on these findings, a third aspect will be to briefly explore three strategies to improve local authorities' human rights performance in this context: to further develop their position within human rights law and strengthen their engagement with the supranational level; to hold local authorities accountable in terms of human rights law at the domestic level; and to integrate a human rights framework into local authorities' daily decision-making processes. It will be argued that these strategies show different strengths and weaknesses, highlighting the importance of cooperation between multiple levels and actors. Taken together, they hold the potential to reinforce each other and promote processes and outcomes truly benefitting human rights implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Interrail rail ticket offer, created in 1972, established a new travel platform for young people to meet their peers in Europe. This article examines how Interrail youth travel enabled sociable transactions for Swedish and Finnish travellers and how this promoted informal European integration. The article is based on a qualitative analysis and comparison of 40 Finnish and Swedish Interrailers' interviews about their trips between 1972 and 1993. The travellers recall the position of Sweden and Finland in relation to Europe as dualistic: being both outside and inside Europe. The Nordic countries in the 1970s and 80s were recalled as familiar and clearly distinct from Europe. Informal European integration was advanced; many travellers framed their Interrail trips as a positive, intrinsically European experience. Meeting new people among travellers and local residents was remembered as giving Europe faces and creating a sense of community. Thus, Interrail trips produced 'lived Europeanness'. The findings also demonstrate that Swedish and Finnish travellers experienced the trip in a very similar fashion. However, the comparison served to reveal the regional differences in relation to the distance of the regions from continental Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research analyses the challenges of an emerging tourism segment, which we shall call 'Camper Travel Lovers' (CTLs) and is linked to the users of motorized vehicles such as motorhomes and camper vans for tourism purposes. The study focuses on Girona Province (Catalonia, Spain) and uses primary sources of information to conduct quantitative research through a structured survey. A total of 406 such surveys were carried out with camper van users to determine their current profile. Although the goals of this new segment are to seek out greater contact with nature, relaxation and discovery of new territories, while sharing the experience with family or friends and guaranteeing safety in the face of the new health emergency situation caused by COVID-19, CTLs differ from travelers who adopt a lifestyle focused on the concept of #vanlife and also retirees or Grey nomad caravanners, because they use their vehicles for short holidays. Since the CTL segment has undergone exponential growth in recent years and been further boosted by COVID-19, given that as a means of travel it reduces contact with others and minimizes the risk of contagion, we see it as representing a trend in tourist mobility in the coming years, therefore posing both challenges and clear opportunities for managers of DMOs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although Orientalist ideologies have been strongly criticized in the last 30 years, a negative vision of the 'Islamic City' is still shared by travellers and scholars. This paper demonstrates that by using new, more sophisticated, instruments for reading cities in the Islamic Mediterranean they will not appear chaotic at all. It shows, on the contrary, fragments of a regular geometry under the appearance of an irregular plan layout. A number of case studies show that these fragments are either testimony of planned phases of the city's growth, or its previous classic fabric, systematically absorbed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite its extreme remoteness, the geographic North Pole is attracting more tourists than ever before, bringing increasing numbers of people and ships to the Arctic Ocean. This growth is regarded as potentially damaging to the Arctic environment, especially combined with the effects of climate change on the sea ice. Yet, to understand and anticipate future changes related to increasing tourism at the North Pole (and the Arctic Ocean), it is critical to both assess the current situation of tourism and to anticipate the future of tourism in the region in light of climate change projections. Therefore, this article explores the dimensions and geographies of tourism development at the North Pole, and more generally in the Arctic Ocean, in terms of modes of tourism, itineraries, and estimated numbers of tourists. To do so, we examine three main forms of tourism taking place in the region, namely icebreaker cruises, frontier travelers venturing on the sea ice, and ice camps. The article also aims to discuss the future of tourism in the region in light of estimated climate change impacts on the sea ice, in order to better plan and adapt to a future seasonally ice-free Arctic Ocean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]