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The current ‘repatriation’ programme initiated by the Kyrgyz Republic presents a timely occasion to reflect on the ambivalence of predicating migration in ethnic terms through descent and territorial ascription. Instead, this paper looks at the way Afghan Kyrgyz migrants mobilize and modulate genealogical and territorial registers and the later fulfilment or frustration of their aspirations. A focus on the current ‘repatriation’ programme is doubly interesting here because it taps into broader questions of citizenship, autochthony, and the securing of durable rights and duties and secondly, because the programme’s realization casts ambivalence to the pre-eminence of ethnic ascription in both the experience of migration and migration research. It argues that migrants’ relative success in moving back and forth between places of ‘departure’ and ‘arrival’ (in the programme’s own terms) complexifies the expected linearity of their ‘repatriation’ and implied definitive resettlement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the authors present the possibilities of transnational networking and developing innovative cultural routes through participatory research and creative presentations of European cultural heritage in special collections of Adriatic libraries. The purpose of the research, conducted in the framework of the course Travel Writing and Cultural Routes, was to identify collections that contain travel writing material related to the broader Euro-Mediterranean area and to enable its better visibility through the digitization and creation of new European cultural routes. The students, with the help of librarians at the University Library in Pula, explored special collections, such as the Marine Library, and proposed the creation of new cultural routes, following the itineraries of European travel writers in the Adriatic. The conducted research indicated collections and materials in heritage institutions (archives, libraries and museums) in Pula and Istria relevant to the topics of cultural routes and travel in Europe, as well as regional multicultural history. Libraries in Istria and Dalmatia have valuable collections of rare archival material related to European travels to the Adriatic. The cataloguing and digitisation of rare travel texts has the potential to raise awareness of these collections, adding to their significance for academic research and heritage-based tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Belgian-French writer Henri Michaux traveled to Buenos Aires in September 1936 to participate in the PEN Club Congress. The event reunited writers from all over the world to dialogue with Latin American authors. Ultimately, it attempted to de-peripheralize Buenos Aires by inviting foreign writers to identify and validate the city's particular cultural modernity. Michaux protested against the highly politicized and spectacularized literary event and criticized the un-picturesque and un-exotic city. After the event, he wrote two texts ("L' hôte d' honneur du Bren Club" and "Un peuple et un homme") that portray the PEN as an attempt to achieve cultural modernity through mimicry. In this article, I take a transnational approach that inscribes Michaux's texts in the signifying network of the PEN in Buenos Aires and reads them face-to-face with Michaux's Latin American interlocutors (Victoria Ocampo, Alfonso Reyes, and Manuel Gálvez). By doing so, I show how the texts mirror local discourses that represented Buenos Aires (a metonymy for the whole country's identity) as an empty city with no cultural or natural particularity to show to its foreign visitors, with "nothing to see" in it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hummingbird's biological and cultural associations with beauty, sweetness, and docility belie a longstanding symbolic association with violence and danger. Taking the Nazis' surprising adoption of the symbol as a point of departure, this essay traces this association to its Mesoamerican origins, and follows its emergence in European and British culture through travel writing, naturalism, commercialism, and popular culture, reflecting on how an evolving understanding of the birds' behavior and morphology influenced its symbolic history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tales have garnered the greatest popular and scholarly attention despite the interdependence of works across the broad range of his artistic production. We read Andersen's fairy tales in concert with his travel writing to highlight the intertextual aspects that cross these seemingly distinct genres. We leverage recent advances in large language models (LLM) and network theory to generate representations that facilitate user exploration of these intertextual interdependencies across genres and across time. In the first part of our study, we use BERTopic and an LLM model fine‐tuned for nineteenth‐century Danish literary language to present independent and combined topic models of the two corpuses. This approach supports multi‐scalar analysis of intertextual elements within and across these corpuses, thereby implementing a method for macroscopic reading. In the second part of the study, we develop a series of networked representations of the dependencies between fairy tales, where these dependencies are generated on the basis of the shared intertextual topic space of the fairy tales and the travel writing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay discusses the use of description in early American natural history and in travel writing by Washington Irving and John Kirk Townsend. In Irving's A Tour on the Prairies (1835) and Townsend's Narrative of a Journey Across the Rocky Mountains, to the Columbia River (1839), both writers use description to stall narrative progress so as to avoid narrating the deaths of bison and other animals they hunt on journeys into the western United States. In so doing, they stave off the ethical and emotional consequences of killing nonhuman animals. Unlike the many scholarly accounts that emphasize description's diminishment or decentering of the human, here description amplifies human agency by masking actions about which these writers feel ambivalent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The authors identify an unresearched practice of Israeli youth participating in organized Holocaust journeys: at the end of the journey, students write thank you letters in a notebook that is then given to the educational guide. Researchers qualitatively analyzed 20 such notebooks written by Israeli high school students. Using grounded-theory methods for document analysis, we identified the notebooks' role as a incorporation stage after the journey, which is a pilgrimage-like rite of passage. In the letters, students proclaim their transformation, their attention to the guide, and their desire to be remembered. Thus, the notebooks affirm the journey's success and allow for their return to Israel having had a transformational experience and inhabiting a new position. This analysis adds to our understanding of the role of ritual, especially document-based rituals, in the world of heritage tourism. We recommend the further study of similar reflective techniques in other heritage tourism contexts and their incorporation by heritage tourism professionals. The study adds to the body of knowledge by recognizing the importance of the personal approval of participants. The individual confirms by his signature the transition to the new status. The study illuminates the importance of written reflections on tourist transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article asks how Gavin Maxwell, famed Scottish nature-writer and otter-keeper, author of Ring of Bright Water, emerged from a background of European colonialist adventure-writing to become a clandestine agent for the FLN Algerian independence movement in 1961, and then, in The Rocks Remain (1963) and Lords of the Atlas (1966), to advance a positive portrait of the newly independent Moroccan monarchy and, in the latter work, a condemnation of French colonialism. Using published writings and unpublished archival documents, this article examines Maxwell's career as a travel writer in Iraq, Morocco, and Algeria, in the context of recent historiography on the global public relations networking of Moroccan and Algerian anticolonial movements. Through his relationships with British journalist-activist Margaret Pope and the Moroccan monarchy's press services head and Minister of Information and Tourism, Ahmed Alaoui, Maxwell became, if only briefly and partially, a part of North African anti-imperialist outreach networks developed to cultivate global public opinion. In Maxwell's case, his recruitment as a literary supporter was more of a success for the Moroccan monarchy than for the Algerian FLN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores Katharine Lee Bates' travel book Spanish Highways and Byways (1900), written out of a collection of commissioned articles published in the New York Times immediately after the Spanish-American War. Her travelogue not only provides the reader with details about the Spanish architectural and natural landscape, but it also works as an instructive text to comment on the social and political panorama of Spain at a time of national crisis. Following the path initiated by Alberto Egea in "Rewriting Stereotypes on Spain: Unveiling the Counter-Picturesque in Katharine Lee Bates" (2019), I argue that Spanish Highways and Byways describes the creation of an emerging modern Spain, influenced by the intellectual movements that shaped Spanish politics of the fin-du-siècle. Bates' text is key to understand the Spanish-American War and its effects on the Spanish population; more importantly, it shows the author's engagement in aspects such as the education of women or workers' rights. In my discussion, I examine how Bates negotiates with her position as an American outsider in Spain and how she takes advantage of this position to build bridges between the two nations at a time of conflict.t [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the significant evolution of reportage within comics journalism, focusing on Italian comics reportages and how they intertwine with autobiography. The paper maps Italian comics reportages from 2007 until 2022 and analyses how reporters use their own experiences to narrate others' lives, focusing on four notable works: Quaderni Ucraini by Igort (2010), Kobane Calling by Zerocalcare (2016), Libia by Francesca Mannocchi and Gianluca Costantini (2019), and Un'altra via per la Cambogia by Takoua Ben Mohamed (2020). This analysis includes comparisons with international figures like Joe Sacco, Guy Delisle, and Sarah Glidden. The study concludes by identifying two trends found in the practices documented in the texts of the corpus, which appear to derive from Sacco's model, showing a blend of journalist-artist collaborations and unique author-driven narratives that merge reportage with travel writing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Comparative Literature / Primerjalna Književnost is the property of Slovenian Comparative Literature Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study explores the transformative potential of travel writing, positioning it as a sustainable, dynamic, and adaptable tool crafted through written dialogue. It shows how travel stories, social media, new tech, and digital platforms work together and how they provide valuable data for research and potentially aid sustainability in tourism through a novel method. Introducing a Dialogue Journaling Process Model, we demonstrate the capacity of travel writing to raise awareness about sustainable practices, analyze the environment, and champion pro-environmental initiatives. Drawing from our pilot study in Slovenia, the findings provide a formal platform for dialogue and refinement. In advocating for the pivotal role of travel writing in advancing sustainable tourism, this research presents a method for this proposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When the twentieth century was around the corner, the plurality of residents and newcomers grew in numbers, forming a dynamic and heterogeneous urban society in colonial Java. Augusta de Wit was one of the Dutch authors who wrote about Java during her stay there in her book form travelogue titled Java: Facts and Fancies. Her experience in Java had left an influence on her, which is shown in her fiction works. One of them is the short story Vijandschap that portrays mostly the rural and idyllic life of a coastal community, yet includes the participation of the town (Batavia) as a commercially promising place. This qualitative study aspires to illuminate how the rural beach community reconciled with the town and to confirm what she means by natural beauty by focusing on two chapters “The Town" and “On the Beach.” It is conducted by employing a close reading method and Torop’s chronotopical analysis consisting of topographical, psychological, and metaphysical chronotopes in Augusta de Wit’s perspective while considering the notion of tropicality. This study discovers that there is a relational function of town as a dynamic marketplace to the local folks on the beach and a “space of home” for the Europeans, while the beach as fruitful home to the native beach community and a soothing recreational place to de Wit. Moreover, natural beauty is not confined to nature solely, but includes the locals alongside their character and habits, who are an intrinsic tropical part of Java.

AbstractViewed as the defender and legitimizer of Western Imperialism, travel writing has been the object of paranoid reading and examination by postcolonial critics like Edward Said. When the Orient becomes Western travelers’ destinations, their travel accounts, Said argues, envision their encountered spaces as the embodiment of a dysfunctional world serving as a perfect foil for the Occident's masculinity, vitality, stability, rationality, and normality. In doing so, they, according to Edward Said, perpetuate and reinforce the fictitious pictures of the Orient. Though Said’s critical analysis is persuasive and incontestable, his perspective does not cast light on the moments that some Western travelers eschew the cultural trap of an Oreintalistic frame of thinking. Accordingly, the present study seeks to illustrate this textual divergence from Orientalism in Edmund O’Donovan’s The Merv Oasis relating his journey to and captivity in Merv when Turkmen in their anti-colonial resistance against the Tsarist regime in the second half of the nineteenth century. The study argues that O’Donovan illustrates anti-Orientalist moments in his travel account in three ways, firstly, when he becomes his travelees’ object of incessant gaze rather than the sole gazer, secondly, when he depicts Tsarist travelers as thieves rather than local people, and thirdly when he sketches a humane picture of his travelees by highlighting their tolerance towards Jews, and finally, when he steers clear of bolstering the myth of Oriental indolence.

This study contributes to the research literature through its approach to equipping tourism content creatives who are entering the professions of destination image communication with platform expertise alongside cooperation and co-creation leadership. Productive skills for travel writers and social media content producers in tourism are significant in the co-creation of sustainable tourist experiences since they are interactive and participative. The two purposes of this study are to implement and improve the dialogue journaling process as a re-usable methodology. The new 3-step processual research methodology is explained through a case study with stakeholders and project leaders in Brežice, Slovenia. The paper contributes to pragmatic tourism management concerns and practice by reporting findings from a real-world process project on cultural heritage that provides a re-usable solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article intends to shed new light on the well-trodden theme of Englishness in The Remains of the Day by situating it within a cosmopolitan context. This article argues that this novel is not confined to the static concept of Englishness featuring butlerdom, the landed aristocracy, and the rural landscape, but exhibits how individuals react to an altered cosmopolitan milieu where Englishness falters and struggles to survive. Stevens's motor tour is exactly a personal response to cosmopolitanism in the 1950s in the form of American cultural colonisation. His six-day expedition creates anti-cosmopolitan discourses by summoning up the national landscape ideology represented by the interwar automobile pilgrimage and Romantic pedestrianism. However, such an ideology is ironically dependent on cosmopolitan touristic mobility and subtly laced with cosmopolitan pressure. Stevens's mobility is thus paradoxical, as it simultaneously affirms anti-cosmopolitan narratives and recognises the ubiquitous presence of cosmopolitan burdens. The paradox of mobility in a cosmopolitan context finds echoes in Ishiguro's other fiction in a more general sense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Daniel Defoe's novels are informed by his fear of isolation. This article argues that his major work of travel writing A Tour thro' the Whole Island of Great Britain (3 volumes 1724–6) highlights a solution to this anxiety. The work is constructed around a sequence of thirteen tours that chart his movement through the varied landscapes and urban centers of the newly united kingdom. In this way England specifically is characterized as a mobile society accentuated by Defoe's close narration of the emerging toll road system. It is this concern with the infrastructure of roads and routeways that weaves together the southern kingdom and supports its economic development. Infrastructure provides the mechanism through which citizens of the realm congregate in towns and cities which are in turn understood as places of social mixing and of political freedom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1882, Krishnabhabini Das travelled to England and wrote a travelogue, Englandey Bangamahila (A Bengali Lady in England) in Bengali. A year later in 1883, Pandita Ramabai also travelled to England and wrote a letter in Marathi describing her travel experiences, which was later published as Englandcha Pravas (Travel to England). This article reads the two travel accounts together and in relation to one another aiming to compare and juxtapose their differing and at times overlapping navigations and negotiations with the West in an attempt to understand the early expression of gendered subjectivities via narratives of travel at a time when both travel and writing by women were discouraged, if not proscribed. With a focus on two related aspects—(1) the textual construction of the 'self' and (2) the trope of the reverse female gaze on the West—the paper argues that these travel writings produce as they record the making of distinct modern female subjectivities at the end of the nineteenth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thus far, approaches to analyzing geographies in large collections of digital texts have used coordinate-based locations derived from toponyms (place names). Although this approach provides a useful starting point, it ignores both nontoponym references to place and textual structure while stressing Euclidean space. This article addresses these issues. Focusing on a corpus of writing about the English Lake District before 1900, it explores the different geographies associated with tourists, travelers, and inhabitants. Alongside toponyms, we identify the concept of a geo-noun to associate place with geographical features. Sense of place is then identified using the adjectives, nouns, and verbs that writers associate with locations and locales. This methodology allows us to identify and define places described in large volumes of digital text both holistically and textually. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emilie von Berlepsch was the first German woman to travel to Scotland and write a travelogue about it. From 1799 to 1800 she toured the country and published her experiences and thoughts in her travel book Caledonia (1802–04). This article illustrates von Berlepsch's endeavour to spread knowledge of British culture in her home country by means of the travelogue, with a particular focus on women. It argues that Caledonia can be considered a further example of von Berlepsch's advocacy of women's rights. Using the account of her voyage as a tool to reflect on the role of women both in Britain and Germany, von Berlepsch encourages her fellow countrywomen to increase their independence from men through intellectual pursuits such as writing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the most elaborate of Paula Meehan's 'Greek' poems, 'Flight JIK Olympic Airlines 016 to Ikaria, Greece' (Painting Rain , 2009), inspired by her journey to Ikaria, in the framework of travel writing and ecocriticism. By transforming the matrix of W. H. Auden's 'Musée des Beaux Arts', and by representing a specific case of ecopoetry, Meehan's text challenges the precepts of footsteps and vertical travel genres. The comparison between the two poems has been contextualized by the Irish poet's environmental, political and artistic concerns, as well as her other poems, essays and travels in Greece. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering Irish writer Kate O'Brien in the context of sapphic modernisms might seem misguided as her fiction is traditional in form. Still, revisiting her writing has illuminated its play with modernist themes, and her radical establishment of transnational feminisms in her juxtaposition of Ireland and Spain. Referencing theories by Nira Yuval-Davis and the work by Jane Garrity that map the intersection of gender, sexuality and citizenship, this article argues that O'Brien presents alternative possibilities for women's relationship to nationhood in her representations of Spain in her 1936 novel, Mary Lavelle, and her 1937 Farewell Spain. The travelogue, chronicling O'Brien's sojourn in Spain accompanied by Mary O'Neill, her life partner, is an elegy to her experiences of a country ravaged by Franco's fascist forces. Tracing the sapphic erotics that course through her love letter to the "femme fatale among countries," from the language of ecstatic pleasure in her description of bullfights, and her adoring depictions of gendered, anthropomorphized towns, O'Brien presents a love of Spain in sapphic terms that is itself an object of queer devotion. As a result, her relationship with Spain revises perceptions of women's connection to nationhood, even if temporarily, and opens new spaces for a queer nationalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mandatory quarantine periods, prolonged social isolation and restrictions on social liberties altered the approach of many life writing genres throughout the pandemic of 2020-2023. This paper will observe the effects of government-enforced periods of isolation on the writing process. Furthermore, through a creative-critical approach it will contrast the writer's experience with narratives produced during other enforced confinements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although Morocco was not fully colonised until 1912, the second half of the nineteenth century saw significant changes in the country’s politics, culture, and economy as European colonial powers intensified competition for control of the southern shore of the western Mediterranean. This essay examines the British conceptualisation of social, economic, fiscal, and military reforms that precolonial Morocco tried and/or was wreaked to implement under the auspices of the British. The rhetoric of reform and rescue served as the British Empire’s civilising mission and was complementary to the discourse on supremacy and hegemony. This rhetoric fed into a larger colonial project of domination but also served a more surreptitious purpose of self-fashioning and self-legitimisation. British envoys, officials, and travel writers, the most prominent of whom are John Drummond Hay, Arthur Leared, Walter Burton Harris, Hugh Stutfield, and Budgett Meakin, treated the reform and rescue of Pre-protectorate Morocco as a peculiar and bounden duty of the white race. This essay revisits the representational strategies these writers deployed in their accounts and how they propagated the premise that the implementation of these reforms would enable Morocco to be transformed from a fragmented ‘Sharifian Dominion’ replete with bureaucratisation, embezzlement, and decay into a modern state. In this sense, this essay traces the reciprocal relationships between writing, policy making, capitalism, modernity and the broader European colonialist discourse and zeitgeist of this period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Travelogues must be seen in the context of their time. They show the author/traveller as a „scholar, a rational explorer" and a person sensitive to the „malleability of the world", reflecting on objects and the meaning of all that exists. They are a journey „to knowledge, to discovery", a kind of fateful geography of the subject, of humanity, its desires and dreams.52 This is also true of Kuzmány's travelogue, which documents the attractiveness of Italy, the beauty of its nature and its cities. The author's vision is religious; nature and the city are sacred spaces with many references to the spiritual world. Venice is where the divine meets the human, a holy text to be received and „contemplated".53 Kuzmány chooses details (e.g. shapes and colours on buildings, colour, emotional experience/impression, etc.) and thoughtfully „conceives" them into his image of the landscape when depicting a particular section of reality or image. His ability to discover and present peculiarities through various motifs, including spiritual-religious ones, enhances the educational value of his travelogue. He provides information on the monuments of the cities he visits (Graz, Ljubljana, Trieste, Venice), mainly historical and artistic. He enthusiastically describes the Slovak character of diligence, which he also reveals when he meets his compatriots, who, thanks to their perseverance, are among the leading personalities of Italian life. Also noteworthy are the comments on scientific and technical progress, which, together with education, may be the opportunity to bring about the expected social change and improvement of the Slovak conditions.54 Although the perspective we have outlined is fragmentary, the examples given tend to highlight not only the image of Italy as a country with an admirable Mediterranean nature, a country of spiritual values and sights but also the genre of travel writing, which, thanks to its interdisciplinary nature, proves to be functional and allows the student to be educated in different directions. As it follows from our analysis, it creates space for its inclusion in teaching because of its interdisciplinary dimension and the possibility of combining knowledge and expertise from different fields of education and learning -- artistic and non-artistic, humanities and natural sciences, social and cultural -- for confrontation with the culture, art and geography of other countries/cultures, for learning about and identifying with one's own culture and its art, for strengthening the relationship with the culture of one's nation, country, etc., i.e. it can emphasize identity for developing a positive relationship and empathy with other cultures regarding culture and intercultural communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The representation of Islamic societies in life narratives by Western voyagers has long been a subject of criticism for their allegedly prejudiced and demeaning portrayal. These narratives are often accused of perpetuating Orientalist discourses and reinforcing Islamophobia. This article problematizes such myopic perspectives by demonstrating how a western-produced travelogue can move beyond hackneyed cultural clichés on the Orient and present an Eastern culture in its opulence. We examine Jürgen Wasim Frembgen's Nocturnal Music in the Land of the Sufis: The Unheard Pakistan (Frembgen, 2012), which documents the German writer's mystical journeys into the musical worlds of Pakistan. Drawing upon Bhabha's concepts of mimicry and hybridity as well as Said's theory of Orientalism, we argue that the book contests prevailing discourses on western travelogues as apparatuses to reinforce Islamophobia and Orientalism, and instead portrays the country as a dream land that is enriched with olfactory, visual, and auditory appeals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Language Academy is the property of Rota Kariyer and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Culture & Communication / Kültür ve İletişim is the property of Imge Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article looks at the ways Ancient Greece was received by Charles Maurras and Maurice Barrès, two important French nationalist figures of the turn of the twentieth century. It argues that, whilst often taken for granted, the valorisation of classicism by French nationalist movements (as a political heritage to reclaim or as an aesthetic reaction against turn-of-the-century avant-gardes) also represents a challenge to nationalist narratives. Both authors’ reception of Antiquity was shaped by their travels to Greece. This article thus focuses on the texts they brought back from their respective journeys, Anthinéa (1901) by Maurras and Le Voyage de Sparte (1906) by Barrès, to understand how their ideological development was informed by their perception of Ancient Greece, as well as, reciprocally, how Greece was constructed through their particular political lens. Travel writing offers a particularly relevant corpus to study the role of material experience in the perception of Classical Antiquity, as a genre that overwhelmingly purports to offer its readers a testimonial of things seen and experienced by its authors. Drawing from Shane Butler’s ‘Deep Classics’ theory of reception, this article shows how visions of intellectual and cultural heritage(s) as well as shared identities are complicated by material experiences of historical alterity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literature of the twentieth and twenty-first century is often concerned with migration, immigration, and exile. Zadie Smith's White Teeth, Michel Houellebecq's Submission, and Mohsin Hamid's Exit West, narrate the lives of immigrants and refugees and the negotiations between migrants and host nations. They trace the transformations on the idea of Europe and how it is challenged in the face of socio-historical crises. Kapka Kassabova's Border belongs to a long tradition of Eastern European writing that engages in a dialogue with the idea of Europe. Viewed from its edges and through narratives of migration, Europe emerges as a geographical, linguistic, and cultural space whose oneness is an impossibility considering the stories of dislocation housed in its cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1869, the year the Suez Canal was completed, visits to Egypt and, therefore voyages to the Orient were increased. Crowned royals such as Prince and Princess of Wales, French Empress, Prince of Prussia, Austrian Emperor, Prince and Princess of Holland, and Duke of Aosta went on these voyages, which included cities like Alexandria, Cairo, Istanbul, and Athens. What makes these crowned royal's travels to the Orient in 1869 distinguishing and worth investigating is the presence of women. Examining on the Istanbul part of the voyages, this research accepts women as historical actors. It aims to interpret European women's gaze on both Ottoman Istanbul and their 'other', local Muslim women, through their time-space experiences. This paper focuses on travel narratives produced by the women in the suite of British and French crowned royals in the 1869 travels to decipher women's real time-space experiences. Levant Herald (LH), a local newspaper published daily in Istanbul, was also examined to grasp locals' perspectives simultaneously. While emphasizing the [un]met expectations of both counterparts' (guest/local), this paper discovers diversifying positionalities of women towards their other and reveals their heterogeneous gaze. Although women's gaze -and thus narratives- contain many orientalist codifications, their gender privileged time-space experiences challenge and disrupt some of the stereotypes and prejudices prevalent in the male-dominated literature of the period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article locates Martin Frobisher's voyages to the North American Arctic in 1576, 1577 and 1578 in relation to the thought of Jamaican critic and theorist Sylvia Wynter. For Wynter, the post-Columbian settlement and colonisation of the Americas functioned as both a crucible and proving ground for a new, racialised understanding of the human, which she calls 'Man'. Focusing on expeditionary narratives written by sailors on Frobisher's three voyages to Baffin Island, the article treats these narratives as examples of travel writing, a genre occupying the mobile, labile threshold between history and fiction which has often mediated the comprehension of difference, hierarchy and (international) order. Focusing on these texts' treatments of race and otherness, the article argues that the Arctic was a key site where the terms of relationality governing English interaction with the so-called 'New World' and its people were hesitatingly, clumsily and often violently worked out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over a period of half a century, Alberto Moravia visited China three times, producing valuable travel accounts and completely different portrayals of the country, people, culture, and society. As a young reporter for Gazzetta del popolo in 1937, he narrated a dying civilisation facing internal wars and foreign interference. In 1967, he depicted the People's Republic of China in the years of the Cultural Revolution and the so-called Maoist utopia. In 1986, Moravia produced a disillusioned account of post-Maoist industrial Chinese society. In this comparative study, I situate Alberto Moravia's travels and his travel writings on China in the canonical production of knowledge on the country in relation to Italy's intellectual background in three consecutive timeframes: 1930s, 1960s, and 1980s. I argue that Moravia's travel narratives display a dialogue between the dominant rhetoric on China in each period and Moravia's political engagement and worldview, themselves changing and evolving over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1938, Lebanese Syrian publisher Kamel Murouwwa extensively toured West Africa and produced a 329-page travelogue entitled Nahnu Fi Ifriqiya: al-Hijra al-Lubnaniyya al-Suriyya ila Ifriqiya al-Gharbiyya, Madiha, Hadirha, Mustaqbaliha (We are in Africa: Lebanese Syrian Migration to West Africa, its Past, Present, and Future). In this article, I use Murouwwa’s travelogue as a lens to understand the process of racial identity formation in West Africa from a Lebanese visitor’s perspective in the 1930s under French colonialism. Murouwwa's source has been underutilized as a rich text of thick racial description. This article argues that through the process of racial identity formation in West Africa, Lebanese Shi’is were able to transcend emerging sectarian identities prevalent in newly carved Lebanon which marked Shi’is as “metwali” (backward). Lebanese migrants’ “whiteness” became the most pronounced marker of their presence amongst local Africans, overshadowing religious identity and erasing any “backwardness” associated with Shi’is in Lebanon, elevating the community to the class of colonizer vs. colonized. Sectarianism carries significant weight within the confines of the nation-state but a broadened transnational approach to sectarianism provides a widened view to see how racial identity supplanted sectarian identity outside the nation-state.

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, dozens of travel narratives about Iceland appeared in the United States. The majority of these were written by and for men and women of the wealthier, upper class, as those were the only Americans who could afford to make the long journey to Iceland. However, as the costs of steamship travel became more affordable, a more economically diverse collection of American tourists began visiting Iceland. In many cases, middle-class American women would journey to Iceland and then share their experiences by giving lectures and talks in social clubs, writing articles in more female-focused periodicals like Ladies’ Home Companion, or to giving interviews in their hometown newspapers. In this paper, I will explore the “feminine” space of the social club and the role it played in the perception of Iceland among middle class American women.

Tsakonia is a region in Greece, situated within the borders of the modern municipalities of North and South Kynouria. The local population speaks a distinct language, Tsakonian, which is believed to have evolved from Ancient Doric. From the 1st to the 17th century, there was a dearth of knowledge regarding the region. While Byzantine sources make brief mention of Tsakonia and the Tzacones or Tzecones [Τζάκωνες/Τζέκωνες], an elite Byzantine military unit, there are no descriptions of the local landscape, people, or language. In the 17th century, travellers began to visit Tsakonia, recording their observations in writing. These accounts, which range from admiration of the region’s healthy air and robust population to ridicule of the local attire, provide insight into the perceptions of Tsakonia held by these visitors. In the present paper, I will examine various ravel descriptions of Tsakonia, including those by Pausanias (Ancient Greek), Evliya Çelebi (Ottoman), William Martin Leake (English), and Jean-Baptiste Gaspard d’Ansse de Villoison and François-René de Chateaubriand (French). In addition to these primary sources, I will also examine a few minor mentions, including those by Martin Crusius and Bernard Randolph. My aim is to shed light on the perception of Tsakonia, particularly on the concept of ‘Tsakonia’ itself and on the travelers’ observations regarding the region’s geography, the character of its people and language.

This article adopts a geoliterary approach to explore the way some travel and adventure writers were shifting literary lines at the turn of the 19th century, especially through their use of vertical fault lines. In H. G. Wells’s The Island of Doctor Moreau or Joseph Conrad’s Lord Jim, as the characters explore unknown islands or enclaved spaces, they are confronted with literal “chasms” which they have to cross or explore in order to progress in their journeys. Such geological interruptions often represent hurdles in the travellers’ trajectories, and subsequently give them access to a new, previously unknown world or reality. Crossing these rifts may then result in a shift in genre, or at least in narrative rhythm and style. As the hero is put to the test, these spatial chasms sometimes reveal and even mirror the fault lines in his very identity, but also in the homogeneity and consistency of the narratives. The faulty travellers’ narratives are indeed often fraught with gaps and contradictions, which some critics have interpreted as symptomatic of the work’s flawed nature. However, this paper argues that such hiatuses in fact evince these works’ disruptive hybridity, and their utter modernity.

D.H. Lawrence (1885-1930) spent much of his life travelling around the globe, at least until his untimely death from tuberculosis. But Lawrence’s travel writing was inextricably linked with his personal philosophy, and one aspect that particularly fascinated Lawrence was the idea of straight lines. In Mornings in Mexico, for example, he makes the startling assertion that “the straight course is hacked out in wounds, against the will of the world”. For Lawrence clearly associated linearity with the scientific, causal thinking of a human world which he detested, and he aimed to develop an alternative model. Thus, he sought to shift from a horizontal axis to a more vertical one (expressed in his own terms, it involves not contenting oneself with exploring the surface, but rather seeking out the hidden depths); hence his interest in crossing “dividing lines”, or “gulfs” or “abysses”, which pushed him indefatigably to pursue new, unpredictable and surprising encounters with people, places and even things. And yet his search for another paradigm led him still further. In Mornings in Mexico Lawrence also wrote the following: “Strange that we should think in straight lines, when there are none, and talk of straight courses, when every course, sooner or later, is seen to be making the sweep round, swooping upon the centre”. Ultimately, a radically non-linear, anti-scientific vision is shown to be at the very heart of Lawrence’s travel writing.

Vernon Lee’s response to impressionism is mixed, but in Limbo she lauds the impressionist painters’ ability to capture “the confusion of Nature’s effects.” This article builds on the idea of impressionist confusion in Vernon Lee’s travel writing, placing her comments on visual art in parallel with her treatment of place. I attempt to identify the intermedial effects and types of confusion in her texts, which are both optical— mirroring visual art—, and emotional— focusing on her subjective impressions. Her texts play with temporal strata, blending past and present through descriptions of geographical exploration. She also includes a didactic aspect in her texts, aiming to convert her readers to the idea of “sentimental travel,” which focuses on the emotions inspired by places. Reading Lee through impressionism makes it possible to extend the idea of confusion in her texts beyond her reception of impressionism, making it a guiding principle for her representation of travel as a spiritual experience.

The representation of space in Lord Jim was at odds with the expected nineteenth century exotic landscape, posing as a mere backdrop to the adventurer’s feats. Jim's thwarted linear progression also signalled a modern shift in narration placing more emphasis on space and simultaneity than on chronological progress. In travel writing, the concept of “vertical travel” has recently emerged. A slower type of voyage, concerned with the minute details of a particular place, deep diving into the layered strata of its history enables the traveler to discover it anew. I will argue that Marlow's experience in Patusan already corresponds to this type of downwards travel. While the opening of the Suez Canal heralded the end of the period when it was still possible to discover unchartered territories on the surface of the earth, its drilling deep into the ground also signaled that exploration would need to become excavation, uncovering of what is layered stratigraphically under the surface. Conrad's geopoetics recreated space anew in a world with no blank space left to discover and signalled the end of romantic traveling. The deep chasm in the Patusan hills calls for an exploration of the depths as the new frontier for the exotic.

Lady Sarah Lyttelton, best‑known for her late roles as Lady of the Bedchamber to Queen Victoria (1837‑1842) and Governess of the Royal Children (1843‑1850), is notable for having travelled to Sweden and Russia on her honeymoon in 1813, a period still beset by the conflicts and tensions caused by the Napoleonic Wars. Although her presence in the historical context of the Baltic has been largely neglected, her personal correspondence and travel diary, both of which were partially published by her niece Maud Mary Lyttelton Wyndham in 1912 as Correspondence of Sarah Spencer, Lady Lyttelton, 1787‑1870, offer a unique and interesting perspective on Anglo‑Swedish and Anglo‑Russian relations during this tumultuous period. By examining Lady Lyttelton’s journey and unpublished correspondence, I aim to reconstruct her narrative within the Baltic region and to grant her mostly overlooked written account recognition in the field of travel writing. Indeed, Lady Lyttelton’s remarks provide an insight into the political and social situation of the time. The very route of her honeymoon is telling. She and her husband travelled directly to Gothenburg, bypassing Denmark, Napoleon’s ally, recently defeated by Britain at the Battle of Lyngør (1812). The couple then crossed the Baltic Sea to Finland, recently annexed to Russia, now a safe destination after the latter’s changes of allegiance. After a wintry sojourn in St Petersburg, they made their way back by land, through the recently besieged and burned Riga (1812) and the weakened Prussian provinces.

Elizabeth von Arnim’s semi‑autobiographical travelogue, The Adventures of Elizabeth in Rügen, combines humorous reflections on cross‑cultural interaction with vivid descriptions of the Baltic island of Rügen. As the narrator travels around the island, she becomes increasingly involved in her cousin Charlotte’s failing marriage and changes her itinerary in an attempt to reconcile the couple. Little read in Germany during the author’s lifetime, it was only after the fall of the Wall that the text began to circulate there, allowing West Germans to rediscover a country that had been almost inaccessible during the existence of the two Germanies. The renewed interest in this text is an example of an “afterlife” (Astrid Erll, 2011) and allows us to reflect on the reasons why it has endured in German culture. We propose to examine the particularity of this representation of Rügen constructed from a feminine vision of space, as well as the novel’s reception.

This article aims to present the "Anglophone Travellers in Portugal" project carried out at CETAPS, focusing on its visual dimension. After decades of analysing the works using close reading methods, we have adopted Digital Humanities approaches to deal with the large amount of data generated. With these notions in mind, we have taken on data visualization tools as a way of analysing, interpreting and communicating our findings related to the travel narratives we have gathered in our database, written by Anglophone authors who travelled in Portugal. These travellers show us a different perspective on Portuguese culture, history and geography and, in order to draw meaning from their narratives, we have to look at them in an interdisciplinary way. This will be possible through the advancement of the project's visual identity, both by developing the visuals of the associated repository and website and by the inclusion of digitised images of the illustrations present in the works incorporated in our database. Therefore, in this article, we will start by demonstrating the importance of illustrations and images in literary works; we will then delimit the illustrations that can be found in the "Anglophone Travellers in Portugal" project, and we will finish by describing the process of scanning, categorizing and organizing the generated images. This account will allow us not only to share our findings with the public but also to pave the way for new stories, discoveries and participations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In all three of James Cook's expeditions to the Pacific, visual artists were hired by the Royal Society and the Admiralty to communicate scientific information that relied on visual evidence, while conveying the embodied experience of travel. The present article focuses on the representational challenges raised by the encounter with the Antarctic during the polar explorations of the second voyage (1772–75), with an emphasis on Cook's textual accounts and William Hodges's sketches and illustrations, which are shown to provide an interesting angle on the contemporary debates about the respective abilities of words and images, both as paths to knowledge and as sources of aesthetic experience. After a brief discussion of the complementary epistemological function of words and images in Cook's Pacific voyages, this article argues that the specific representational issues raised by the encounter with the Antarctic not only encouraged Cook to reflect about the value of images for the publication of his discoveries, but also partook of his own aesthetic education, with significant and long-lasting implications for the subsequent construction of polar regions in the British imagination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on Frances Power Cobbe's travel writings and their relationship to her feminist and moral philosophies. Topics include how Cobbe's Mediterranean pilgrimage ties to her broader feminist goals, her use of Orientalism and class assumptions to navigate political ideas, and the impact of temporal experiences and travel on her advocacy for women's and animal rights.