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Self-criticism consists of a mode of thinking aimed at self-evaluation, which can take the form of a hostile and self-accusatory internal dialogue negatively affecting individual well-being. Self-criticism is a common factor in various mental disorders, and it represents an obstacle to the alliance and therapeutic success. Several theoretical models have been proposed in recent decades to account for self-criticism and its role as a non-specific vulnerability factor, leading various authors to develop interventions to reduce maladaptive selfcriticism in highly self-critical individuals. Furthermore, several therapeutic models, not specifically designed to reduce self-criticism, can achieve positive secondary effects on self-criticism. The present work proposes a review of intervention models for reducing self-criticism, both from a prevention and treatment perspective, illustrating their limitations, clinical implications, and possible future directions for research in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a condition involving the knee joint complex, primarily the patellofemoral joint, caused by imbalances in the forces controlling patellar movement during knee flexion and extension. Symptoms include anterior or retro-patellar pain exacerbated by activities such as climbing stairs or prolonged sitting, often accompanied by crepitus and mild to moderate joint effusion. Diagnosis relies on a physical examination focused on the patella and surrounding structures, with imaging studies reserved for specific cases. Treatment begins with load reduction on the joint, decreasing training volume, and educating the patient on the importance of rehabilitation. Pain management involves ice or other methods, while surgery is considered only after the failure of complete conservative therapies. The therapeutic approach includes specific exercises to improve pelvic stability and strengthen lower limb muscles. The goal is to reduce pain and restore joint function, allowing the patient to return to daily and sports activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The treatment of anorexia nervosa has been marked by challenges, prompting scholars to establish therapeutic guidelines aimed at overcoming barriers, and enhancing the efficacy of treatment. Although previous studies have documented the difficulties that usually arise in anorexia treatment, the challenges and the vulnerabilities therapists face have not been fully illuminated. The objective of this study is to delve into therapists' experiences and explore the sense of vulnerability they encounter during the treatment of anorexia nervosa, thereby fostering a more profound comprehension of their perspectives. One-to-one interviews were carried out with a cohort of 7 Greek therapists, all of whom had a minimum of 5 years of professional experience. Data were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis and two main themes were constructed: therapist-related factors and building communication. Therapists experienced moments of self-doubt wherein they questioned their capacity to provide an efficacious treatment plan. Aside from this sense of vulnerability, treatment was also thought to be hindered by personal biases while issues of mistrust and parental involvement were considered to be additional challenges. Lastly, the study raises doubts about the therapist's role as the confident and unbiased expert, emphasizing the criticality of addressing these challenges to enhance the overall treatment outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Insomnia symptoms are common during peripartum and are considered a critical risk factor for postpartum psychopathology. Sleep is particularly vulnerable during pregnancy and postnatal period and its alterations are associated with risks for mental health. Nonetheless, often insomnia disorder during pregnancy doesn't receive appropriate clinical attention, with consequent lack of proper treatment offer. Evaluation and treatment of insomnia during the prenatal period should be a priority in the clinical practice and should consider the whole family context. Cognitive-behavioral treatment is recognized as first line intervention for insomnia disorder from international guidelines. Many authors highlighted that during pregnancy and during the first months of child's life psychotherapy seems to be more adequate and more favorably accepted from patients than pharmacological treatment. This is also linked with possible negative consequences associated to the assumption of drugs, both for the fetus and the newborn. The aim of this paper is to examine in depth, through a narrative review, the importance of a correct evaluation of the insomnia disorder during the prenatal period and the characteristics of cognitive-behavioral therapy.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Summa, Animali da Compagnia is the property of Point Veterinaire Italie s.r.l. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Summa, Animali da Compagnia is the property of Point Veterinaire Italie s.r.l. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

L’Analisi Applicata del Comportamento è una disciplina scientifica in cui i principi dell’analisi del comportamento sono applicati sistematicamente per migliorare comportamenti socialmente significativi. L’attività clinica basata sull’ABA dimostra la ricchezza e le straordinarie possibilità di successo nel trattamento dei disturbi del comportamento. Esistono, tuttavia, numerosi pregiudizi verso questa disciplina i quali, costituendo veri e propri “bias cognitivi”, producono confusione epistemologica rispetto all’ABA e di conseguenza una rappresentazione errata dei suoi principi che portano ad un utilizzo improprio delle tecniche da essi derivanti e alimentano una visione negativa ed erronea di questa disciplina. Questo lavoro si propone di esaminare, pertanto, le potenzialità di questa scienza approfondendo due concetti cardini sui quali essa è basata: il rinforzo e la punizione. Si metterà, pertanto, in luce come sia proprio l’errata comprensione e l’improprio utilizzo di questi strumenti da parte della comunità clinica a generare, frequentemente, cattive prassi. Parole chiave: autismo, comportamento, trattamento.

L’interesse ad approfondire l’approccio psicodinamico per la comprensione e il trattamento dell’autismo nasce, in particolare, dallo studio del contributo psicoanalitico relativo alle psicosi infantili, ad opera di Melanie Klein . Ancor prima della definizione di una specifica sindrome patologica, nel 1943, a opera di Leo Kanner che, per primo, parlò di “autismo infantile precoce”, la psicoanalista ungherese descrive negli anni Trenta del XX secolo, un caso che lei chiama di psicosi infantile e che oggi verrebbe diagnosticato come autismo. Ancora oggi le intuizioni e le metodologie terapeutiche illustrate nel suo celebre articolo “The importance of Symbol-Formation in the Development of the Ego”, in cui illustra il caso del piccolo Dick, risultano essere preziose per la comprensione e il trattamento dei pazienti autistici. E’, dunque, a Melanie Klein che siamo debitori per la più illuminante e pionieristica descrizione dell’autismo. Il suo pensiero ha, pertanto suscitato notevole interesse da parte di molti psicoanalisti tra cui Donald Meltzer, Wilfred Bion e la psicoterapeuta inglese Frances Tustin, il cui contributo costituisce ancora oggi il più importante riferimento psicoanalitico nel campo della ricerca e della clinica dell’autismo. Il merito del pensiero psicoanalitico è quello di aver prodotto un modello psicopatologico dell’autismo ancor prima degli illuminanti contributi scientifici che hanno attestato la presenza di alterazioni neurobiologiche come sua eziopatogenesi. Alla luce di tali scoperte l’ipotesi originaria, che tale funzionamento mentale fosse frutto di un arresto evolutivo, è stata completamente rivista e attualmente, nella letteratura psicoanalitica, si ritiene che esso sia l'espressione di una distorsione dello sviluppo psichico. E’ doveroso sottolineare che, anche se tale modello psicopatologico nulla ci dice circa le alterazioni biologiche ad esso sottese, ha comunque il merito di aver compreso, più di ogni altro approccio, il funzionamento neuromentale dei soggetti autistici, con le sue peculiarità e diversità e, soprattutto, di aver fondato un modello di trattamento terapeutico estremamente valido, ancora oggi. Sebbene le linee guida internazionali considerino la terapia cognitivo-comportamentale e l’approccio ABA come trattamento d’élite per l’autismo [13], è interessante analizzare i contributi psicodinamici alla luce delle recenti scoperte scientifiche per indagare quali potrebbero essere gli elementi di tale modello maggiormente utili al trattamento dei disturbi dello spettro autistico.

Misophonia is a clinical condition in which the exposure to specific sounds produced by others causes intense negative reactions. From the first study in this regard, some research appears in the literature about the treatment of this new pathology, despite it not yet being included in the diagnostic manuals. Most of these focused on cognitive-behavioral treatment in its various methods (second and third generation), but there are also pharmacological, physiological and combined studies. The aim of this research is to analyze the major studies on the misophonia treatment to understand its modalities and effectiveness but also to orient future studies. A systematic review on the major web sources (PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Eric) was conducted through the PRISMA statement, including all studies in English or Italian language of the last ten years (2012-2022). The key words refer to the concepts of misophonia/sound sensitivity and its treatment/therapy. The results propose a reflection about the practice for the misophonia treatment, in which the cognitive-behavioral techniques would seem to have the opportunity to become the gold standard, given that through the integration with pharmacological treatment and neurophysiological exercises there are long-term improvements. Despite the cognitive-behavioral treatment has proven its effectiveness, further studies with this methodology but also with others are necessary, using a bigger sample and other countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of DIS - Dislessia, Discalculia & Disturbi di Attenzione is the property of Edizioni Centro Studi Erickson SpA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Summa, Animali da Compagnia is the property of Point Veterinaire Italie s.r.l. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Persistent low back pain (PLBP), also called chronic low back pain (CLBP), is the most common musculoskeletal disorder worldwide. However, the solutions adopted so far have represented an enormous burden in terms of healthcare resources, with results that have not always been so satisfactory. Today, guidelines recommend using an approach that considers the disorder in all its complexity, paying particular attention to the psychosocial aspects. This article reports a survey conducted to investigate LBP beliefs, expectations, and treatments, in 364 physiotherapists and 64 patients. The data obtained show that it is possible to achieve more beneficial outcomes by adopting certain measures in the field of communication [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychopathological conditions related to the umbrella-term "depression" are various and often associated with significant impairments of the individual's quality of life. These also cause important costs from the individual, social and economic points of view. Fortunately, professionals operating in the field of mental health have been early involved in the development of interventions, psychological and not, that aim to treat these conditions. Moreover, the efficacy of these interventions has been a target of empirical investigations conducted by the scientific community. These efforts produced an important number of information that the clinician, that want to treat individual suffering from depression, should know and consider in order to provide an optimal intervention. In the attempt to divulgate the principal conclusions that can be drawn from a deepen examination of such material, different institutions developed guidelines with the aim to increase the capacity of clinicians to take informed clinical decisions. In our contribution, we present a summary, not exhaustive, of some relevant aspects of international guidelines related to the the clinical psychologist's practices. In addition, some scientific contributions are illustrated, that reported some empirical evidence recently produced that appear particularly relevant in order to formulate useful indications for clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Panic Disorder are two psychopathological conditions often associated with a relevant subjective suffering for the individual as well as a significant impairment of general functioning. The need to care for who is suffering from these disorders led a number of clinicians to develop and/or perfectionate effective interventions. In parallel, the scientific community has been involved in the empirical test of the absolute and relative efficacy of most of these interventions. However, the clinician interested in the topic may often feel confused because of the vastness and the complexity of the specialized literature on this topic. This may be considered one of the motivations that underlined the attempt of some institutions to develop guidelines regarding the treatment of patients suffering from these two disorders. Despite the fact that the aim of these documents is not to dogmatically establish clinical practice standards, these are a valuable material that can help both the patient and the clinician to take informed decisions. In this current contribution, an overview of guidelines developed by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence and by the American Psychiatric Association are provided. Then, some empirical contributions (systematic reviews and meta-analyses), retained especially relevant, are illustrated in order to familiarize the reader with the specialized literature on the topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Without doubt, back pain is one of the most widespread problems existing and it poses a constant challenge for all healthcare professions. The treatment must be multifaceted and not just focus on the location of the pain, but consider the person as a whole. This article shows how through the Neurostructural Integration Technique (NST) it is possible to intervene and considerably reduce the pathology itself. NST is an ideal system for restoring the functional integrity of the spine and reducing pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a debilitating condition that tends to be chronic. To date, a multiplicity of interventions aiming to treat this disorder exists. The vastness of literature and the difficulty for the clinician to orientate within this context drove several institutions to develop guidelines related to the treatment of OCD. Despite the aim of these guidelines is not to establish clinical standard for professional practice, these provide precious material that aim to take informed decisions. In this contribution, we offer a summary of the guidelines developed by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence and by the American Psychiatric Association as well as a brief overview of their development process. Then, a selection of some relevant contributions is summed up - systematic reviews and meta-analyses-that sometimes supported the process of formulation of recommendations contained in the illustrated guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lymphedema is a chronic progressive disabling condition characterized by an increase in the volume of one or more limbs due to the accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the interstitial spaces. Adjuvant radiotherapy is significantly associated with lymphedema and the treatment utilizes complex decongestive therapy, based on certain techniques and types of interventions aimed at reducing lymphatic stasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the complications of radiotherapy is persistent peripheral neuropathy. Most neurological disorders appear late and seem to be related to the fact that irradiation modifies the endothelial cells and some neural stem cells, hindering repair mechanisms. Post-actinal plexopathy is a form of mixed neuropathy, i.e. sensory-motor neuropathy, following radiation treatment, with symptoms appearing at a delay of 6 months to 20 years for brachial plexus plexopathy and 2-16 years later for lumbosacral plexopathy. They are due to direct histochemical and indirect histochemical direct toxic damage from neural and perineural fibrosis secondary to microvascular insufficiency. Pharmacological treatment is the first and indispensable therapy for the treatment of pain, but interventions in rehabilitation are equally important in order to contain the damage and facilitate the recovery of residual function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radiotherapy toxicity is one of the main causes of disability stemming from oncological treatments. The damage induced by ionizing radiation is the result of microvascular insults from constriction of the arterioles and dilation of the venules, increase in vessel permeability and production of fibrin deposits. Consequently, immediate inflammation reactions evolve into fibrotic reactions producing structural and functional damage in the teguments and anatomical structures crossed by the radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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For about thirty years, percutaneous irrigation under ultrasound guidance has been used as a means to treat calcific tendinopathy of the shoulder. This technique, performed by MD's, involves the use of one or two needles to de-compose and dissolve the calcification. In this article, we describe the procedure, at the same time highlighting the need for a complete approach to the pathology. The removal of the calcification is simply the first, albeit most important, step. It must be followed by treatment of the shoulder dysfunctions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focused shock waves are a therapeutic technology now widely used for musculoskeletal disorders, with a proven efficacy, supported by solid evidence in the literature and with recommendations for use formulated in national and international guidelines. Radial shock waves are currently also used in this area. In the musculoskeletal field, by virtue of their analgesic and antiphlogistic effects, extracorporeal shock waves represent a valid therapeutic opportunity, together with physiotherapeutic treatment, for patients suffering from musculoskeletal disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Over the last decade, interest in the clinical field regarding the emotional area of the child has grown. Several studies have confirmed the efficacy of cognitive-behavioural treatment in childhood and adolescence (Sukhodolsky, Kassinove, & Gorman, 2004; Compton et al., 2004), and programmes for the prevention of emotional disorders, such as Rational Emotive Education (Educazione Razionale Emotiva) (Di Pietro, Morosini, & Agostini 1999), have been disseminated in schools. This is a preventive psychoeducational intervention, which derives from the principles of Ellis's Rational Emotional Behavioural Therapy (1989) and was brought to Italy in 1991 by Mario di Pietro (1992), following its adaptation at the Institute for Rational-Emotive Therapy in New York. In recent years the Italian version has been updated and integrated with the principles of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, making the intervention more innovative. The purpose of this article is to provide an analysis of the application of Rational Emotional Behavioural Therapy in childhood and adolescence and to deepen the practical aspects of Rational Emotive Education, providing some useful ideas for the realisation of a psychoeducational project in primary schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: anorexia nervosa is characterized by an important alimentary restriction associated with a significant weight loss that involves both physical and psychological damage. This aspect is partially sequelae of malnutrition, but evidence-based data are still very rare. The aim of the present study is to assess the clinical and psychological aspects of anorexia nervosa patients and to investigate the link between nutritional status, in terms of body mass index, hearth rate, menses and psychological status, in terms of scores from administered self-report questionnaires. Method: 45 subjects, attending the SOD Child Neuropsychiatry Company Hospitals of Ancona from September 2012 to September 2014, were included in this study. All participants fulfilled the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fourth (DSM- IV) edition criteria for restrictive sub-type anorexia nervosa. Compared to initial of 45 patients only 34 adolescents, took part to 1 to 2 years follow-up. In this period they received individual and/or group psychotherapy both psychodynamic and pharmacological therapy. Results: clinical observations show that multidisciplinary treatment produce a physical improvement, but it do not determine a psychological improvement of the same entity. Conclusions: multidisciplinary approach has the function of motivation to care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Nella storia della dialisi, la presenza di alcuni quadri clinici tipici, come la “sindrome dell'acqua dura”, l'encefalopatia e l'osteomalacia da alluminio o le reazioni da pirogeni, ha determinato la necessità di trattare l'acqua di rete prima di renderla disponibile per la dialisi; infatti negli anni la scelta dell'acqua per la dialisi ha subito pe-riodiche variazioni passando dall'utilizzo di quella di rete a quella ultrapura, attraverso le fasi di acqua decalcificata, demineralizzata e da osmosi. Attualmente il trattamento prevede: il pre-trattamento, il trattamento vero e proprio e il circuito idraulico. Il pre-trattamento ha il compito di rimuovere le particelle in sospensione garantendo l'integrità delle membrane poste a valle. Il trattamento vero e proprio rende l'acqua disponibile per la dialisi e comprende la biosmosi inversa, ottenuta sottoponendo l'acqua da trattare ad un doppio passaggio su membrane osmotiche. Il circuito idraulico ha il compito di distribuire l'acqua osmotizzata in sala dialisi. Gli Impianti delle Ditte Fresenius, Gambro e Farmacastelli si differenziano tra di loro per le modalità di trattamento dell'acqua, per la struttura degli impianti e i sistemi di disinfezione.

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Copyright of Summa, Animali da Compagnia is the property of Point Veterinaire Italie s.r.l. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Summa, Animali da Compagnia is the property of Point Veterinaire Italie s.r.l. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Originally the etiopathogenesis of Tic disorders was attributed to a psychogenetic origin ascribable to the parent/child relationship, with the mother in particular. A tic is an idiosyncratic and habitual feature of a person’s behaviour; these involuntary movements up to now remain of unknown origin. The neurological explanation and literature support a malfunction in paralimbic circuits. Our specific study describes the treatment of a man who was put forward for Cognitive Behavioural Therapy as a result of a clinical and neurological assessment. The first part of the treatment focuses on the primary role of dysfunctional thoughts, a perfectionism attitude and responsibility. The treatment involved exposition therapy with mass practice exercises and the use of a relaxation technique for muscle tension and emotional activation. The study of this case demonstrates the efficacy of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy in reducing the frequency of symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The range of osteoporosis treatments is increasingly large and, like any disease, the pharmacological management of patients should involve a risk/benefit evaluation to attain the greatest reduction in risk of fracture with the lowest incidence of adverse events. The aim of this review is to critically appraise the literature about the safety issues of the main pharmacological treatments of osteoporosis. This document is the result of a consensus of experts based on a systematic review of regulatory documents, randomized controlled trials, metaanalyses, pharmacovigilance surveys and case series related to possible adverse drug reactions to osteoporosis treatment with calcium and vitamin D supplements, bisphosphonates, strontium ranelate, selective estrogen receptor modulators, denosumab, and teriparatide. As expected, randomized controlled trials showed only the most common adverse events due to the samples size and the short observation time. Case series and observational studies are able to provide data about uncommon side effects, but in some cases a sure cause-effect relationship needs still to be confirmed. Consistently with methodological limitations, the newer drugs have a tolerance profile that has not been fully explored yet. Osteoporosis treatments showed an overall good tolerance profile with rare serious adverse events that, however, must be well known by the clinician who prescribes these drugs. The concern about possible adverse events should be weighed against the reduction of morbidity and mortality associated with a significant fracture risk reduction.