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The subject of the article is a reflection on the transformation processes taking place in the complex space of activity at the interface – experience, cognition, creativity and emotions. The starting point for the considerations is the concept of the analysis of transversal activity (Babier 2015, 2016). The study shows the structure of creative activities in order to use it to analyse a specific type of transformative behavior. The creative process can be viewed as a “transformation transformation” and synergy. The process of creation in the transversal perspective is the heuristic dimension of the search. L’article traite des processus de transformation qui se déroulent dans un espace d’activités complexe à la jonction des expériences, de la cognition, de la création et des émotions. Le point de départ de la réflexion est le concept d’analyse transversale de l’activité – d’après Jean-Marie Barbier – qui permet d’orienter les questions vers les espaces d’activité, leurs configurations et transformations qui se produisent dans différents cas/situations éducatives et sociales (Barbier 2015, 2016). En ce qui concerne la réflexion sur les transformations, le domaine de l’activité créative est tout particulier. L’étude révèle la structure des activités créatives en vue de leur utilisation pour analyser un type spécifique de comportements transformateurs. Le processus créatif peut être considéré comme une « transformation de transformation » et de synergie. L’effet de synergie vise à renforcer la dimension des résultats de la coopération, de l’interaction et de la cocréation. L’espace du processus de la création, dans une perspective transversale, est la dimension heuristique de l’exploration. Dans ce contexte, la création est une activité extrêmement complexe, sujette à des transformations permanentes. Elle va au-delà d’un seul processus et constitue un impact interactif de la cognition, des émotions, de la personnalité et du contexte social. Dans le processus créatif (de création), les deux perspectives sont présentes : la dynamique et la fonction de transformation. Dans l’analyse du processus il convient de reconnaître le statut des émotions qui servent d’intermédiaire entre les phénomènes cognitifs, affectifs et mentaux. Les transformations qui dépassent les limites de l’expérience présentent une similitude avec les actions transgressives. Ils montrent un plan multiforme/multidimensionnel d’interaction, de transformation, de modification, ainsi que d’interprétation des significations et des discours. L’activité créative de l’homme comme son développement, est un processus dynamique se déroulant selon un mécanisme continu : adaptation – différenciation – création. Przedmiotem artykułu jest namysł nad procesami transformacji zachodzących w złożonej przestrzeni aktywności na styku – doświadczeń, poznania, twórczości i emocji. Punktem wyjścia rozważań jest koncepcja analizy transwersalnej aktywności (Babier 2015, 2016). Opracowanie ukazuje strukturę działań twórczych w celu wykorzystania jej do analizy specyficznego rodzaju zachowań transformatywnych. Proces twórczy można rozpatrywać jako „transformację transformacji” oraz synergii. Proces tworzenia w perspektywie transwersalnej stanowi heurystyczny wymiar poszukiwań.

European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2021 6(2), 933-940, I. Introduction: the added value of the archive for legal researchers. - II. Travelling across time and across cases: transversal Project insights., This Article engages with a core objective of the Court of Justice in the Archives Project: how best to demonstrate and evaluate the potential of the Historical Archives of the Court of Justice for the purposes of deepening and furthering legal research. It considers two forms of novelty in that light: first, finding out things that are "literally" new; and, second, being alerted to analytical possibilities that arise from looking deeply into a case dossier. To illustrate these instances of research novelty, the Article identifies themes - as well as questions - emerging from the individual reports and from the transversal analysis made possible through the Project, highlighting particular strengths or "added value" factors in that context. It also reflects on the limits of the Archives from the perspective that not all Court of Justice mysteries can, or should, be uncovered.

European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2021 6(2), 913-921, I. Introduction: why a database of lawyers at the Court of Justice is an important new tool for socio-legal inquiry. - II. The construction of the database. - III. The Court as a place of confluence. - IV. How to complement the analysis? - V. Concluding remarks., This Article presents a database of lawyers being built within the Court of Justice in the Archives project. Recent studies, relying on actor-centred approaches, have fostered a renewed interest in European lawyers. While vis-its of these lawyers in Luxembourg have fostered the development of transnational legal networks and participated to the acculturation of the Court's informal and formal rules, they remain largely under-studied. We therefore suggest to analyse the Court as a "place of confluence", where different professional groups meet during the course of the proceedings. The database precisely aims at mapping the networks of lawyers that take shape in Luxembourg. Providing statistical analysis of the structuration and evolutions of the Europe of lawyers (agents of the European institutions or Member States, law professors or private practitioners), we suggest that the database could contribute to a better understanding of transformations in the European legal field.

What matters in science diplomacy? That is the question that the publication of the S4D4C project (see www.s4d4c.eu) “The 'Matters' of Science Diplomacy: Transversal Analysis of the S4D4C Case Studies” aims to answer. To do so, the transversal analysis critically analyses the content of the project's nine case studies and identifies insights to foster and advance the understanding and the practice of science diplomacy. Each matter addresses a piece from the larger picture; together they form a mosaic depicting the complex and wide-ranging concept of science diplomacy. The 10 “matters” are the result of the collaborative work between 11 S4D4C team members, coordinated by Mitchell Young, S4D4C lead for empirical work.

Resumen Las sociedades capitalistas occidentales han definido ideológicamente el trabajo como la actividad generadora del sostén material -individual y colectivo- que conforma las bases de la cohesión social y que proporciona virtud a los sujetos. Sin embargo, en el contexto contemporáneo su importancia tiende a disminuir a causa de las transformaciones en los procesos productivos y de las condiciones precarias de empleo imperantes. Así, el objetivo de este artículo es exponer el comportamiento estadístico de la centralidad del trabajo en Estados Unidos de América a través de la Encuesta Mundial de Valores (World Values Survey), en los levantamientos de 1995 a 2014, mediante análisis transversal o de prevalencia, en relación con variables socio-demográficas elementales. Con lo anterior se ofrece un panorama general, y se hace énfasis en la última oleada, para evidenciar y explicar la tendencia hacia la poca valoración del trabajo. Abstract Western capitalist societies have ideologically defined work as the generating activity of individual and collective material support, that forms the basis of social cohesion and that provides virtue to the subjects. However, in the contemporary context its importance tends to diminish due to the transformations in the productive processes and the prevailing precarious conditions of employment. Thus, the objective of this paper is to expose the statistical performance of work centrality in the United States of America, through the World Values Survey, in the surveys from 1995 to 2014, by means of transversal or prevalence analysis, with regard to basic sociodemographic variables. With the above, a general overview is offered and emphasis is placed on the latest wave, to highlight and explain the tendency towards the low value of work. Resumo As sociedades capitalistas ocidentais têm definido ideologicamente o trabalho como a atividade geradora do suporte material, individual e coletivo, pivô das bases da coesão social e da virtude dos sujeitos. Porém, sua importância no contexto contemporâneo tem sido diagnosticada como propensa a diminuir, por causa das transformações nos processos produtivos e das condições precárias de emprego. Nessa ordem, o objetivo deste artigo é expor o comportamento estatístico da centralidade do trabalho no Estados Unidos de América, através da Enquete Mundial de Valores (World Values Survey), nos dados do período 1995-2014, mediante uma análise de prevalência -transversal-, relacionando variáveis sociodemográficas. Constrói-se um panorama geral, que faz ênfase na última onda para evidenciar e explicar a tendência para a pouca valoração do trabalho.

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Civil, A implementação de soluções em estrutura mista aço-betão para tabuleiros de pontes ocupa um lugar de destaque no mercado das obras-de-arte, devido às suas inegáveis qualidades estéticas e à conceção inovadora. A leveza e transparência inerentes a estes tipos de soluções permitem um melhor enquadramento na envolvente e uma redução do impacto visual, ao mesmo tempo que a tornam competitiva face às soluções tradicionais em betão pré-esforçado. Esta dissertação começa por apresenta os conceitos básicos relacionados com o dimensionamento de pontes mistas em aço e betão e depois aprofundar questões relacionadas com os diferentes tipos de secções transversais mistas de modo a compreender a metodologia de cálculo associada à determinação da respetiva capacidade resistente. Neste sentido, pretende-se averiguar quais os métodos de análise da secção transversal de vigas mistas, diretamente relacionados com a classe da secção. A quantificação de ações específicas em pontes rodoviárias é avaliada, à luz das normas NP EN 1991-2-2003 e RSA – Regulamento de Segurança e Ações para Estruturas de Edifícios e Pontes. De seguida, são descritos os aspetos fundamentais associados ao desenvolvimento da ferramenta, bem como as metodologias e simplificações adotadas na análise plástica e na análise elástica de secções transversais de vigas mistas. Também são descritas as metodologias e simplificações adotadas para análise longitudinal do tabuleiro de pontes mistas, com base na determinação da carga de rotura através da aplicação do teorema cinemático. Assim, esta dissertação tem como principal objetivo elaborar uma ferramenta, que é desenvolvida em linguagem Matlab, e cujo principal objetivo é avaliar a capacidade de carga de tabuleiros de pontes mistas em aço e betão. Na última parte da dissertação, desenvolve-se uma análise comparativa entre os sistemas estruturais tradicionais em pontes mistas: um baseado no sistema bi-viga, com utilização de perfis reconstituídos soldados, e outro baseado num sistema multi-viga, com recurso a perfis laminares e por fim um sistema caixão, com o intuito de encontrar da solução mais resistente e económica. A ferramenta desenvolvida é aplicada a um caso de estudo. Trata-se do viaduto sobre o rio Sousa, uma estrutura com tabuleiro misto em aço e betão, constituída por quatro vãos de 44 m e um vão extremo de 26 m, localizada na A43, que realiza a ligação entre Gondomar e Aguiar de Sousa (IC24)., The implementation of steel and concrete composite solutions for bridge decks occupies a prominent place in the construction market, due to its undeniable aesthetic qualities and innovative design. The lightness and transparency inherent to these solutions allows a better framing in the landscape and a reduction of the visual impact, making it competitive against traditional prestressed concrete solutions. This dissertation starts by exploring the basic concepts of steel and concrete composite bridge decks design and then focuses on the analysis of different types of cross-sections and the methodology associated with calculating their strength capacity. Considering this, the intention is to investigate the methods for analyzing the cross section of composite beams, that are directly related to the cross section class. The existing standards for specific actions on road bridges are also considered and used to calculate the adequate loading scenarios. The fundamental aspects related to the development of the software tool, as well as the methodologies and simplifications adopted for the linear and elastic analysis of cross sections of composite beams are presented. The methodologies and simplifications adopted for longitudinal analysis of composite bridge decks, are also described, based on the determination of the failure load obtained through the application of the kinematic theorem. Thus, this dissertation has the main objective of elaborating a tool, developed in Matlab language, whose main objective is to evaluate the load capacity of steel and concrete composite bridge decks. In the last part of the dissertation a comparative analysis between the traditional structural systems in mixed bridges is available: one is based on a double I-beam system that uses welded profiles, and another is based on a multi-beam system, with resorting to laminar profiles and finally a coffin system. This analysis aims to identify the most resistant and economical solution. The tool developed is applied to a case study. The case study chosen is the viaduct over the Sousa River, a composite deck viaduct that consists of four spans of 44 m and an end span of 26 m. It is located on the A43, which connects Gondomar and Aguiar de Sousa (IC24).

Gompertz's law tells us that for humans above the age of 35 the death rate increases exponentially with a doubling time of about 10 years. Here, we show that the same law continues to hold even for ages over 100. Beyond 106 there is so far no statistical evidence available because the number of survivors is too small even in the largest nations. However assuming that Gompertz's law continues to hold beyond 106, we conclude that the mortality rate becomes equal to 1 at age 120 (meaning that there are 1,000 deaths in a population of one thousand). In other words, the upper bound of human life is near 120. The existence of this fixed-point has interesting implications. It allows us to predict the form of the relationship between death rates at age 35 and the doubling time of Gompertz's law. In order to test this prediction, we first carry out a transversal analysis for a sample of countries comprising both industrialized and developing nations. As further confirmation, we also develop a longitudinal analysis using historical data over a time period of almost two centuries. Another prediction arising from this fixed-point model, is that, above a given population threshold, the lifespan of the oldest person is independent of the size of her national community. This prediction is supported by available empirical evidence., Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures