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Introdução: o desenvolvimento da terapia antirretroviral mudou o curso da infecção pelo HIV, apesar disso, o impacto psicossocial desse diagnóstico ainda influencia na saúde mental das pessoas que vivem com o vírus. Objetivos: avaliar a prevalência de transtornos psiquiátricos em pacientes soropositivos. Materiais e Métodos: estudo transversal a partir das entrevistas com pacientes soropositivos acompanhados em um ambulatório de infectologia, em Curitiba (PR). Foram coletados dados epidemiológicos e clínico-laboratoriais, e aplicados os questionários Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I) e Questionário Breve da Qualidade de Vida da OMS (WHOQOF-abreviado). O estudo foi submetido e aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisas, com CAAE n° 70235123.0.0000.0020 e parecer de aprovação de número 6.134.965. Resultados: participaram 69 pacientes, cuja idade média foi de 48 ± 12,4 anos, com predomínio do sexo masculino (50,7%). Desses, 33 (47,8%) apresentaram algum transtorno psiquiátrico, sendo os transtornos mais prevalentes o transtorno depressivo e agorafobia. Nesse grupo de pacientes, percebeu-se um tempo menor que 12 anos de diagnóstico da infecção pelo HIV (p=0,026), maior uso de Efavirenz (p=0,047) e Tenofovir (p=0,048). Ainda, percebe-se uma pior avaliação da qualidade de vida, especialmente na avaliação geral, e nos domínios psicológico, social e ambiental, quando comparados ao grupo que não apresentou acometimento da saúde mental pelo questionário M.I.N.I. Outros parâmetros avaliados não parecem ter papel importante na gênese de transtornos psiquiátricos nesse grupo de pacientes. Conclusão: pacientes com HIV tem alta prevalência de doenças de ordem psíquica, e apresentam particularidades que influenciam em seu desenvolvimento, logo, é fundamental a avaliação integral desses pacientes, e a busca ativa por queixas de saúde mental.

O presente artigo desmembra o universo do jogador patológico, e visa responder quais os males trazidos pelos jogos eletrônicos para a vida do trabalhador? E objetiva identificar os malefícios dos jogos para a sociedade em geral. Do simples entretenimento à compulsão é um “toque”. Os jogos já ocupam as propagandas digitais, os outdoors, os horários nobres dos programas das emissoras de TVs, enfim, todo o espaço midiático e atualmente também o Congresso Nacional, que diante da necessidade de lucrar, empurra os trabalhadores para mais uma moléstia, que atinge a saúde mental. Através de uma breve pesquisa bibliográfica podemos identificar vários males trazidos pelos jogos eletrônicos, para a vida do trabalhador, dos empregadores e da sociedade em geral. O texto não tem pretensão de mudança da legislação ou do pensamento social, mas que nos conduza a uma reflexão do novo mal que acomete a sociedade, amparado pela legislação e cada dia mais visível a todos.

Sumário do livro Capítulo 1. Particularidades da fisiologia feminina Capítulo 2. Atividade sexual da mulher e transtornos psiquiátricos Capítulo 3. Infertilidade e perda perinatal Capítulo 4. Violência contra a mulher: impactos psicológicos Capítulo 5. Climatério e transtornos do humor Capítulo 6. Transtornos por uso de substâncias e dependências comportamentais na mulher Capítulo 7. Transtornos psicóticos na mulher Capítulo 8. Transtorno bipolar na mulher Capítulo 9. Transtorno disfórico pré-menstrual Capítulo 10. Depressão perinatal Capítulo 11. Transtornos de ansiedade na mulher Capítulo 12. Transtornos do espectro obsessivo-compulsivo na mulher Capítulo 13. Transtornos relacionados ao estresse e ao trauma na mulher Capítulo 14. Transtornos alimentares Capítulo 15. Transtornos da personalidade na mulher Capítulo 16. Suicídio e automutilação entre mulheres: Aspectos históricos fatores de risco e estratégias de apoio ao manejo clínico Capítulo 17. Estresse precoce na vida e transtornos mentais na mulher Capítulo 18. Particularidades da psicofarmacologia na mulher Capítulo 19. Psicofármacos na gestação Capítulo 20. Uso de psicofármacos na lactação Capítulo 21. Neuromodulação no período perinatal Capítulo 22. Psicoterapia na mulher Capítulo 23. Interconsulta psiquiátrica na mulher Capítulo 24. Aspectos forenses relacionados aos transtornos psiquiátricos na mulher

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Despite the prevalence of personality disorders (PD) and their association with several harmful health outcomes, previous reports found a low number of studies on PDs conducted in Brazil. We conducted a narrative review to investigate the current state of research in Brazil focusing on PDs. The search was performed in BVS-Psi, PePSIC, and Google Scholar databases. We focused on papers published in Brazilian journals as a criterion to select studies conducted in Brazil and/or coordinated by Brazilian researchers. A total of 177 papers were included. Approximately 60% of papers were empirical studies, although only 47.17% of them had clinical samples. Borderline and Antisocial were the most recurrently investigated PDs. Two scales were usually administered, IDCP and PID-5. SCID-II was administered in less than 5% of empirical studies. We proposed an agenda for research on PDs in Brazil, including guidelines and directions eminently urgent to the studies to be conducted in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O presente artigo relata um caso de transtorno de estresse pós-traumático que foi submetido a uma perícia psiquiátrica administrativa. Foi concluído que, pela gravidade do caso, havia incapacidade laborativa. A perícia psiquiátrica de natureza administrativa é de extrema importância para a garantia dos direitos dos indivíduos. O estudo detalhado do caso, a coleta de anamnese completa e o exame psicopatológico são fundamentais para a sua adequada realização.

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the combined use of two pathological personality tests, the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory (IDCP) and the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), within the context of incremental validity in order to verify the increasing severity of the constructs used. We generated item maps for sets of items based on three dimensions of IDCP and five facets of PID-5, selected according to the possibility of pairing between scales. The study included 642 individuals, predominantly women aged over 18, divided into three groups according to the dimensions and facets. There was an increase in the level of severity, typically related to the different personality disorders, in addition to the complementation between instruments, providing incremental validity. The use of item mapping helped us understand the increasing severity of the traits, and allowed the verification of the clinical relevance of the constructs.

This is the second article in the series that aims to break the paradigms related to the alleged harm caused by saturated fats and cholesterol to health. These substances are actually present in human biochemistry and physiology, a fact that makes them essential for homeostasis. In case of ingestion deficit, they are produced endogenously, as they participate in numerous organic reactions, including structuring, fluidity and permeabilization of cell membranes, brain plasticity, nerve protection and communication, hormone formation, bile acid synthesis, and vitamin transport. It also prevents the onset of neurodegenerative diseases, psychiatric disorders, anxiety, depression and suicidal tendencies. The assumption that saturated fats and cholesterol are harmful to health, therefore, is unfounded, which requires understanding their real importance. Scientifically, it is proven that its deficit causes metabolic deficiencies and homeostatic imbalance, significantly compromising health and well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells that have the capacity to differentiate into all lineages of mesodermal origin, e.g., cartilage, bone, and adipocytes. MSCs have been identified at different stages of development, including adulthood, and in different tissues, such as bone marrow, adipose tissue and umbilical cord. Recent studies have shown that MSCs have the ability to migrate to injured sites. In this regard, an important characteristic of MSCs is their immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. For instance, there is evidence that MSCs can regulate the immune system by inhibiting proliferation of T and B cells. Clinical interest in the use of MSCs has increased considerably over the past few years, especially because of the ideal characteristics of these cells for regenerative medicine. Therapies with MSCs have shown promising results neurodegenerative diseases, in addition to regulating inflammation, they can promote other beneficial effects, such as neuronal growth, decrease free radicals, and reduce apoptosis. Notwithstanding, despite the vast amount of research into MSCs in neurodegenerative diseases, the mechanism of action of MSCs are still not completely clarified, hindering the development of effective treatments. Conversely, studies in models of psychiatric disorders are scarce, despite the promising results of MSCs therapies in this field as well.

This study aimed to develop a dimensional instrument to assess personality disorders based on Millon's theoretical perspective and on DSM-IV-TR diagnoses criteria, and seek validity evidence based on internal structure and reliability indexes of the factors. In order to do that, a self-report test composed of 215 items, the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory (DCPI) was developed and applied to 561 respondents aged between 18 and 90 years (M = 28,8; SD = 11.4), with 51.8% females. Exploratory factor analysis and verification of reliability were performed using Cronbach's alpha. Data provided validity evidence based on internal structure of the instrument according to the theory of Millon and DSM-IV-TR.

This study investigated the psychometric properties of the revised scale of conscientiousness of a clinical personality inventory (Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade, IDCP). One hundred and twenty participants (68 women; 56.7%) aged 18 to 53 years (mean = 22.58, standard deviation = 6.19) were recruited by convenience and answered the IDCP and the NEO Personality Inventory - Revised. The analysis of internal structure, association with external variables and reliability of the dimension under review confirmed its validity. The psychometric characteristics of the revised dimension seem to be more adequate than those of the original version and more focused on pathological functioning, which was expected and desirable.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most prevalent psychiatric disorders in children at present and, from biomedical and neurobiological areas, it is considered to have a biological basis. In the present work we analyzed from a philosophical approach, the discourses deployed from these investigations in order to detect and clarify various phenomenal, theoretical and ontological aspects that underlie it. In general terms, we have found that the conceptualization of ADHD is traversed by at least four different organizational levels: genetic-molecular (genes and proteins), tissue (parts of the brain), organ (brain as a whole) and the organismic (individual). These levels occupy very different roles; lower levels of organization occupying predominant explanatory roles as well as presenting the fundamental entities in ontological terms. In turn, the neuroscientific discourse presents biases related to the loss of consideration of heterogeneity, the omission of levels superior to organismic and simplifications of the genetic-molecular domain and the genotype-phenotype relation. Thus, the type of simplifying inquiry in the lower levels of the biological hierarchy seems to show more difficulties than successes, and epistemically shows cracks that are not settled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several studies report that incarcerated young offenders show a high rate of psychiatric disorders whereas associations between specific psychiatric disorders and recidivism remain unknown. The Brazilian legal system has created a unique opportunity for the study of this issue when consider young offenders not that guilty in spite of the severity of the crime, settling in three years the maximum period of incarceration. This study aims to determine the rate of psychiatric disorders in a cohort of incarcerated young offenders and evaluate the possible psychiatric connections of primary offenders and recidivism. A group of 898 incarcerated young offenders at Fundação Casa answered psychiatric interviews and was diagnosed according to the criteria of ICD-10. Statistic connections were analyzed using the tests of Pearson and Cramer. The cohort was comprised of 619 primaries and 267 recidivists. 'Psychoactive Substance Use' and 'Disorders of Adult Personality and Behavior' categories were related to recidivism, whereas 'Organic Mental Disorders', 'Mood Disorders', and 'Stress-related Disorders' were related to primary offenders. Discriminating disorders were the most likely to represent reactions to primary incarceration. In relation to associations that might represent predictors of crime, it became highly suggestive that substance abuse is the main cause of incarceration for the entire cohort.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo buscar evidências de validade baseadas na relação com variáveis externas ao Inventário Dimensional dos Transtornos da Personalidade (IDTP), nomeadamente validade convergente e discriminante correlacionando-o, com o Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III (MCMI-III) e de critério, buscando-se predizer a presença de transtornos psiquiátricos. Foram participantes 350 pessoas, cujas idades variaram entre 18 e 67 anos, sendo 71,7% do sexo feminino. Os participantes foram divididos em dois grupos: Grupo Não Psiquiátrico (GNP; n= 276) e Grupo Psiquiátrico (GPS; n= 74). Todos os participantes responderam ao IDTP e ao MCMI-III. Os dados encontrados apontam para convergência entre os resultados dos instrumentos, bem como para capacidade do IDTP em discriminar pessoas com funcionamento da personalidade mais patológico e mais saudável. Também foram encontrados bons índices de sensibilidade para o instrumento, mas não muito favoráveis para especificidade.

Psychiatric disorders are frequent among patients with epilepsy. Data in the literature have shown a heterogeneous clinical presentation of psychiatric disorders in patients with epilepsy. Interictal dysphoric disorder could be a specific psychiatric comorbidity associated with epilepsy, primarily in patients treated in tertiary centers. Objective The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of interictal dysphoric disorder among patients with epilepsy who were followed in two tertiary epilepsy services in Brazil. Method Sixty-five patients with epilepsy completed the Portuguese version of the Interictal Dysphoric Disorder Inventory. Results Thirty-three (50.7%) patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for interictal dysphoric disorder, although all participants answered positively to having at least one key symptom. Conclusion The high rate of patients with epilepsy who fulfilled the diagnosis of interictal dysphoric disorder confirms an association between epilepsy and psychiatric disorders. However, there is clearly a need to improve diagnostic tools to allow better differentiation between interictal dysphoric disorder and other psychiatric disorders.

This study aimed to develop an instrument for personality disorders assessment and seek for validity evidence based on the internal structure of this instrument. The developed instrument, the Dimensional Inventory of Personality Disorders (IDTP), was applied to 350 participants, from 1 8 to 67 years, of both sexes. First and second order exploratory analyzes by principal components were performed, correlations between the scales of the instrument, and calculated the alpha’s Cronbach coefficients. According to the literature and specifically the diagnostic categories for personality disorders, most hypothesized factors were found for the test and the alpha coefficient ranged between .65 and .89. Furthermore, the secondorder factor structure, consisting of three factors, was consistently according to prior literature.

INTRODUCTION: This cross-sectional study assessed the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among drivers , as well as the association between recent alcohol and drug use and psychiatric diagnoses using telephone interviews. METHODS: Drivers (n = 1,134) included in a roadside survey from 25 Brazilian state capitals were given a breathalyzer test, and their saliva was tested for psychoactive drugs. A telephone interview was conducted to perform psychiatric disorder evaluations using the MINI. This association was analyzed with a Poisson regression model. RESULTS: The prevalence of any psychiatric disorder was 40.5% among drivers with recent alcohol or drug use, compared with 12.9% among the other drivers. Alcohol/drug-positive drivers reported a higher prevalence of depression (19.4%), mania (6.5%), hypomania (5.4%), post-traumatic stress disorder (8.6%), antisocial personality (7.8%), and substance/alcohol abuse or dependence (48.1%) compared with other drivers (3.5, 2.5, 2.1, 0.5, 1.3 and 18.3% [p < 0.001], respectively). Drivers with recent alcohol or drug use were 2.5 times more likely to have a psychiatric diagnosis (CI: 1.8-3.6, p < 0.001). DISCUSSION: This is the first study in a low-/middle-income country to evaluate psychiatric disorders in drivers with recent alcohol or drug using telephone interviews. Psychiatric disorders were found to be associated with drug and alcohol use. This type of epidemiological information for curtailing related driving problems, as these psychiatric conditions are diagnosable. FINAL REMARKS: The results of this study can aid in the design of interventions, treatment programs and focused psychiatric evaluations, both in Brazil and abroad.INTRODUÇÃO: Este estudo transversal avaliou a prevalência de transtornos psiquiátricos e a associação entre dirigir alcoolizado e transtornos psiquiátricos entre motoristas por meio de entrevistas telefônicas. MÉTODO: Motoristas (n = 1.134) selecionados a partir de um estudo realizado nas rodovias de 25 capitais brasileiras foram etilometrizados e tiveram sua saliva testada para substâncias psicoativas. Uma entrevista por telefone foi realizada para obter dados sobre transtornos psiquiátricos através do MINI. A associação entre transtornos psiquiátricos e dirigir com uso recente de substâncias foi analisada com um modelo de regressão de Poisson. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de transtornos psiquiátricos foi de 40,5% entre os motoristas que beberam/usaram drogas, em comparação com 12,9% nos demais motoristas. Motoristas que dirigiram com uso recente de substâncias relataram uma maior prevalência de depressão (19,4%), mania (6,5%), hipomania (5,4%), transtorno de estresse póstraumático (8,6%), personalidade antissocial (7,8%), e abuso ou dependência de álcool/drogas (48,1%) quando comparados com os outros motoristas (3,5%, 2,5%, 2,1%, 0,5%, 1,3% e 18,3%, p < 0,001), respectivamente). Motoristas com uso recente de substâncias apresentaram 2,5 mais chance de ter qualquer diagnóstico psiquiátrico (IC: 1,8-3,6, p < 0,001). DISCUSSÃO: Este é o primeiro estudo em países de baixa e média renda cujo objetivo é avaliar transtornos psiquiátricos em motoristas com uso recente de substâncias por meio de entrevistas telefônicas. Transtornos psiquiátricos foram associados com o comportamento de dirigir com uso recente de substâncias. Este tipo de informação epidemiológica é fundamental para estratégias de planejamento que visam enfrentar problemas relacionados com o beber e dirigir, uma vez que estas condições psiquiátricas são diagnosticáveis. OBSERVAÇÕES FINAIS: Os resultados deste estudo podem auxiliar no desenvolvimento de intervenÇÕes, programas de tratamento e avaliação psiquiátrica, tanto no Brasil quanto no exterior.

OBJETIVO: Valvulopatias cardíacas, causadas por febre reumática e outras etiologias, podem levar ao implante de prótese valvar mecânica e anticoagulação oral obrigatória. Comorbidade psiquiátrica pode reduzir a adesão à anticoagulação. Esse estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a prevalência de transtornos psiquiátricos em pacientes com prótese valvar mecânica. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 193 portadores de prótese valvar mecânica, sendo 135 com cardiopatia reumática, tendo sido utilizada a Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, versão 5.0.0, para investigação quanto à presença de transtornos psiquiátricos. RESULTADOS: Foram encontrados os seguintes transtornos psiquiátricos nos pacientes avaliados: transtornos de ansiedade generalizada (16,6%), agorafobia (11,9%), fobia social (10,4%), depressão (9,8%), distimia (4,1% atual e 1% no passado), transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo (3,6%), pânico - vida inteira (1,6%), dependência ou abuso de substâncias (2%), dependência ou abuso de álcool (1%), episódio hipomaníaco (0,5% atual e 0,5% no passado), bulimia (0,5%). O risco de suicídio detectado foi de 13,4%. Ao ser comparada a prevalência dos transtornos no grupo com e sem cardiopatia reumática, não foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significativa. CONCLUSÃO: Foi encontrada elevada comorbidade de transtornos psiquiátricos, principalmente transtornos ansiosos e depressão, sendo também elevado o risco de suicídio nessa população.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar traços de personalidade e suas alterações em pacientes do sexo feminino com Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico (LES), procurando relacionar mudanças na atividade da doença com alterações nos traços de personalidade dessas pacientes. PACIENTES E MÉTODOS: Foram selecionadas 20 pacientes do Ambulatório de Reumatologia do Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS). Após a avaliação inicial, elas foram reavaliadas em três e em seis meses, em relação à presença de Transtornos Psiquiátricos (particularmente alterações da personalidade) e atividade do lúpus. Além das avaliações clínicas psiquiátricas e reumatológicas, as escalas utilizadas para avaliação das pacientes foram a Escala Fatorial de Ajustamento Emocional/Neuroticismo (EFN) e a Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). RESULTADOS: Em todos os tempos analisados não houve relação significativa entre a pontuação na SLEDAI e o escore da EFN. Não foi encontrada, portanto, associação entre alterações da personalidade e atividade do lúpus. De acordo com a EFN, seis pacientes (30%) apresentaram pontuação sugestiva de Transtornos de Personalidade, porém apenas duas (10%) tiveram esse diagnóstico pela avaliação psiquiátrica. Também não foi encontrado um padrão típico de personalidade ou prevalência de um Transtorno de Personalidade específico na amostra; entretanto, houve uma prevalência importante de Depressão (65%). CONCLUSÕES: Verificou-se na população estudada que as pacientes lúpicas podem apresentar os mais variados tipos de comportamento e sintomas psiquiátricos, não havendo nelas um padrão típico de personalidade. Não foi encontrada uma relação significativa entre as alterações de personalidade e atividade da doença.OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to evaluate personality traits and associated changes in female patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), linking variations in disease activity with alterations in personality traits. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty patients from the Rheumatology Outpatient Clinic at the University Hospital of Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS) participated in this study. Patients were re-evaluated three and six months after the initial evaluation for the presence of Psychiatric Disorders (especially personality changes) and lupus activity. The Adjustment/Neuroticism Factorial Scale (AFS) and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), along with clinical psychiatric and rheumatologic assessment, were used to evaluate patients. RESULTS: No significant correlation between SLEDAI and AFS scores was observed. According to the AFS, the scores of six patients (30%) were suggestive of Personality Disorders, but psychiatric evaluation confirmed this diagnosis in only two (10%) patients. A typical personality pattern or prevalence of a specific Personality Disorder was not observed; however, an important prevalence of Depression (65%) was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings showed that patients with lupus can develop different types of behavior and psychiatric symptoms without a typical personality trait. No significant correlation between personality changes and disease activity was observed.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease showing variable clinical presentation. Optic neuritis is the most common symptom, followed by motor and sensitive manifestations. It is known that this disease may be related to several psychiatric disorders, especially depression. In this study we will discribe 5 cases of MS patients harboring psychiatric disorder related or unchained by the disease itself.Esclerose múltipla é uma doença desmielinizante com variadas apresentações clínicas. Neurite óptica e manifestações motoras e sensitivas são as mais frequentemente observadas. É conhecido que a doença pode ser associada a vários transtornos psiquiátricos, sobretudo depressão. Neste estudo são descritos 5 casos de pacientes com esclerose múltipla com transtornos psiquiátricos relacionados ou associados a própria patologia.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is traditionally regarded as a movement disorder. In recent years, however, non-motor symptoms have been considered significant factors of disability at all stages of the illness. Behavioral and psychological symptoms or neuropsychiatric syndromes associated with PD are frequent and may represent a challenge in the management of these patients. They include anxiety, depression, psychosis, sleep, sexual and impulse control disorders, apathy and cognitive dysfunction. Their pathogenesis in PD is complex, involving neurodegenerative, drug-related and psychological mechanisms. We will review the current knowledge of this growing field, also focusing on the management of theses syndromes.A doença de Parkinson (DP) é tradicionalmente conhecida como um distúrbio do movimento. Entretanto, os sintomas não-motores têm sido considerados recentemente como fatores relevantes de incapacidade em todos os estágios da doença. Sintomas motores e comportamentais ou síndromes neuropsiquiátricas associadas à DP são frequentes e seu manejo pode se tornar um verdadeiro desafio. São comuns quadros de ansiedade, depressão, psicose, distúrbios do sono, transtornos do controle do impulso, apatia e disfunções cognitivas. A patogênese desses transtornos na DP é complexa, envolvendo mecanismos degenerativos, psicológicos e relacionados ao tratamento. Neste artigo, revisamos o estado do conhecimento desse campo de interesse crescente, também enfocando o manejo dessas síndromes.

OBJECTIVES: to identify factors involved in not stopping smoking in spite of being pregnant. METHODS: standardized interviews were applied to 486 pregnant women in the pre-natal clinics of four health centers in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between April 2003 and February 2004. Every time a smoker was identified, an additional interview, which included the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, the Fagerströn scale for nicotine dependence, and the Screening Questionnaire for Adult Mental Disorders, was carried out. RESULTS: the prevalence of smoking, in the initial stages of pregnancy was 21.1%. Most smokers presented a low level of nicotine dependence. Thirty-six percent of them stopped smoking by the first trimester of the present pregnancy without any specific medical intervention. Important differences between those who were able to stop and those who were not were alcohol intake and number of previous attempts at abstinence. Women who stopped smoking drank less during gestation. CONCLUSIONS: stopping smoking during pregnancy seems to be linked to a non-specific drive towards the well-being of the fetus. The number of previous attempts at abstinence was positively related to stopping at the beginning of pregnancy. In spite of the prevalence of the problem, there is still inadequate support for smokers in the prenatal services.OBJETIVOS: identificar fatores envolvidos no comportamento de continuar fumando a despeito de estar grávida. MÉTODO: entrevistas padronizadas foram aplicadas a 486 mulheres grávidas nas clínicas de pré-natal de quatro centros de saúde na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, no período de abril 2003 a fevereiro 2004. Todas as vezes que uma fumante era identificada, uma entrevista adicional foi aplicada, contendo a Escala de Edinburgh para Depressão, a escala de Fagerstron para dependência de nicotina e o Questionário de Avaliação de Doenças Mentais em adultos. RESULTADOS: a prevalência de tabagismo nos estágios iniciais da gravidez foi de 21,1%. A maioria das tabagistas apresentou baixo nível de dependência de nicotina. Trinta e seis por cento das mulheres avaliadas pararam de fumar no primeiro trimestre da gestação sem qualquer intervenção médica específica. As mesmas beberam menos durante a gestação e haviam tentado parar de fumar mais vezes anteriormente. CONCLUSÕES: os resultados sugerem uma motivação inespecífica para o bem estar do concepto que envolve as duas drogas lícitas. Aquelas que pararam, tentaram mais vezes anteriormente e também diminuíram o consumo de álcool na gestação atual.

OBJECTIVE: The Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire is a self-report questionnaire that has proven to be a reliable and valid instrument. The objectives of this study were to validate the Portuguese version and to determine its capability to distinguish patients with dissociative disorders from others with psychopathological disorders. METHOD: 234 patients answered the translated version of Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire. The Portuguese Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule was used to validate clinical diagnosis. Patients with dissociative disorder (n = 113) were compared to a control group of 121 patients with various anxiety and depression disorders. RESULTS: Reliability measured by Cronbach's a was 0.88. The best performance of the Portuguese form was at a cut-off point of 35, which distinguishes between dissociative disorder and neurotic disorders with a good diagnostic efficacy (sensitivity = 0.73). The somatoform dissociation was significantly more frequent in dissociative disorder patients, conversion disorder patients and post-traumatic stress disorder patients. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that dissociative disorders can be differentiated from other psychiatric disorders through somatoform dissociation. The Portuguese version of the Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire has fine psychometric features that sustain its cross-cultural validity.OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi adaptar, validar e determinar a confiabilidade da versão portuguesa do Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire e determinar a sua capacidade de discriminar doentes que dissociam de outros doentes. Método: O Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire foi traduzido para o português e retrovertido para o inglês de forma a garantir a sua base conceitual. Os sujeitos responderam também à versão portuguesa do Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule de forma a validar o seu diagnóstico clínico. O estudo incluiu 234 sujeitos divididos entre 113 doentes com patologias dissociativas e 121 doentes com outras patologias do foro ansioso e depressivo. RESULTADOS: O Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire versão portuguesa mostrou o seu melhor desempenho no ponto de corte 35, apresentando uma sensibilidade de 0,73. O alfa de Cronbach revelou uma consistência interna de 0,88. A dissociação somatoforme foi significativamente mais freqüente nos doentes com patologias dissociativas, patologias conversivas e distúrbio de stress pós-traumático. CONCLUSÕES: A versão portuguesa do Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire mostrou-se um instrumento útil para discriminar doentes com patologia de foro dissociativo de outros doentes.

INTRODUÇÃO: Estudos têm estabelecido maior prevalência de transtornos psiquiátricos em diabéticos. OBJETIVO: Descrever as características sócio-demográficas e comparar a freqüência daqueles na população diabética e nos indivíduos não-diabéticos. MÉTODO: Estudo de corte transversal, com grupo de comparação. Oitenta e quatro pacientes diabéticos foram comparados a igual número de pacientes não-diabéticos agrupados quanto ao gênero, idade e residência. Aplicou-se questionário-padrão e a avaliação psiquiátrica foi realizada através do Mini Internacional Neuropsychiatric Interview. RESULTADOS: Transtorno de ansiedade generalizada foi freqüente tanto entre os diabéticos (73,8%) quanto os não-diabeticos (65,5%). Transtornos fóbico-ansiosos representaram 42,8% entre os diabéticos e 31,5% nos não-diabéticos. Transtornos do humor foram de 53,5% no grupo de diabéticos e 29,1% entre os não-diabéticos. Somente as categorias risco de suicídio (p=0,03) e episódio hipomaníaco passado (p=0,006) foram as que tiveram significância estatística para os diabéticos. CONCLUSÃO: Os transtornos de ansiedade e de humor foram os mais encontrados, predominando entre os diabéticos.INTRODUCTION: Studies have established higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders in diabetic patients. OBJECTIVE: To describe the socio-demographic and clinic characteristics and to compare the frequency of them in the diabetic and non-diabetic populations. METHOD: Transversal study with comparing groups. Eighty four diabetic patients were compared with similar number of non-diabetic gathered with respect to gender, age and place of residency. RESULTS: Generalised Anxiety Disorder was frequent in both groups: 73.8% in diabetics and 65.5% in non-diabetics. The Phobic-Anxious Disorders represented 42.8% in diabetic group and 31.5% in non-diabetic. The rates of Mood Disorders were 53.5% in diabetics and 29.1% in non-diabetics, where only the categories Suicidal Risk (p=0.03) and Past Hypo-Maniac Episode (p=0.006) were of statistical significance for diabetics. CONCLUSION: anxiety and mood disorders were the most frequent, and predominant in diabetic patients.

In addition to the adverse effects related to the motor system, patients with extrapyramidal syndrome induced by drugs may have disorders such as anxiety, major depression, psychosis, Tourette's syndrome and restless leg syndrome, so this work aims: To conduct a systematic review of the literature on the difficulty and lack of differential diagnosis of drug-induced extrapyramidal reaction and anxiety and mood disorders. Method: Bibliographic survey on Pubmed, Scielo and PsychInfo in what the selected articles were grouped into three categories: a) the pathophysiology of extrapyramidal reaction induced by drugs and their clinical signs; b) signs and symptoms of anxiety and mood disorders after extrapyramidal syndrome; c) difficulty of differential diagnosis of extrapyramidal syndrome and psychiatric disorders. Results: Among the items found can be seen that the literature references on the extrapyramidal reaction as a side effect of neuroleptic drugs, but there is a lack of articles explaining the need for differential diagnosis of extrapyramidal syndrome induced by drugs other than antipsychotics – such as antiemetics – of anxiety disorders and unipolar mood. Conclusion: The differential diagnosis of extrapyramidal syndrome is complex and often not done or done wrongly by healthcare professionals. This is due to the higher prevalence of the reaction with neuroleptic drugs, however, there is a need for further development in psychiatric anamnesis for evaluation of other drugs used that can also trigger signals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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INRODUÇÃO: Limitações da qualidade de vida dos pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica (IRC) em programa de hemodiálise estão associadas a maior prevalência de transtornos psiquiátricos. O diagnóstico precoce e preciso pode contribuir na elaboração de estratégias de tratamento. OBJETIVO: Estudar a prevalência e o padrão dos transtornos psiquiátricos em pacientes hemodialisados, identificando variáveis relacionadas com sua ocorrência. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 244 pacientes e analisadas as variáveis associadas à ocorrência de transtornos psiquiátricos. Os pacientes foram avaliados através do Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). RESULTADOS: Pelo menos um diagnóstico psiquiátrico foi apresentado por 91 pacientes (37,3%). Os de ocorrência mais freqüente foram distimia (17,6%), risco de suicídio (16,4%) e episódio depressivo maior (8,6%). O sexo feminino apresentou maior risco de transtornos psiquiátricos (razão de chance [RC] = 2,77; intervalo de confiança [IC] 95%: 1,42-5,41). Os pacientes viúvos, separados e solteiros apresentaram maior risco de transtornos psiquiátricos do que os casados (RC= 5,507;IC95%:1,348-22,551). Aqueles com menos de dois anos em diálise apresentaram risco maior (RC = 2,075; IC 95%: 1,026-4,197). Os pacientes com clearance fracional de uréia (Kt/V) abaixo de 0,9 tiveram maior chance de apresentar transtornos psiquiátricos (RC = 3,955; IC 95%: 1,069-11,012). CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de transtornos psiquiátricos foi alta. Os transtornos afetivos foram os mais freqüentes. Nas mulheres e naqueles com Kt/V baixo, o risco foi maior. Nos pacientes casados e naqueles com mais de dois anos em tratamento o risco foi menor.INTRODUCTION: Limiting factors of dialysis patients' quality of life are associated with high rates of psychiatric disease. Since effective treatment of psychiatric diseases can positively affect dialysis patients' prognosis and survival, there is a need for an early diagnosis. In Brazil only few studies have measured the prevalence of these disorders. OBJECTIVE: Study the prevalence and pattern of psychiatric disorders in chronic hemodialysis patients and assess the association between these diseases and some variables. METHODS: Two hundred forty-four patients were enrolled in two nephrology units at the state of Bahia, Brazil. The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) was used in all patients. RESULTS: Ninety-one patients (37.3%) presented at least one psychiatric diagnosis. The most common disorders included dysthymia (17.6%), risk of suicide (16.4%), and major depressive episode (8.6%). Women had higher risk of mental disorders than men (RC = 2.77; confidence interval [CI] 95%: 1.42-5.41). Widowed, divorced and single patients had higher risk than married patients (RC = 5.507; CI 95%: 1.348-22.551). Patients on treatment for less than two years had higher risk (RC = 2.075; CI 95%: 1.026-4.197). Those with Kt/V below 0.9 were at higher risk than those with a higher Kt/V (RC = 3.955; CI 95%: 1.069-11.012). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in patients on dialysis was high (37.3%). Affective disorders were the most common ones. Women and patients with Kt/V below 0.9 were at increased risk. The risk was lower in patients at dialysis program for longer than two years and in married patients.

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Muitos estudos têm abordado a influência do estresse materno no desenvolvimento fetal e o risco aumentado para o surgimento de doenças na infância e na fase adulta. Esse processo, conhecido como programação fetal, ainda não está bem determinado e esclarecido. No entanto, já está estabelecido que o estresse materno causa alterações hormonais significativas, principalmente no eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-adrenal, maior chance de parto prematuro, de bebês com baixo peso ao nascer, maior risco de desenvolvimento de transtornos psiquiátricos e de alterações nutricionais

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Copyright of Psicologia: Reflexão e Critica is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study investigated the psychometric properties of the revised scale of conscientiousness of a clinical personality inventory (Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade, IDCP). One hundred and twenty participants (68 women; 56.7%) aged 18 to 53 years (mean = 22.58, standard deviation = 6.19) were recruited by convenience and answered the IDCP and the NEO Personality Inventory - Revised. The analysis of internal structure, association with external variables and reliability of the dimension under review confirmed its validity. The psychometric characteristics of the revised dimension seem to be more adequate than those of the original version and more focused on pathological functioning, which was expected and desirable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to find evidence of validity based on the relationship with external variables to Personality Disorders Dimensional Inventory (PDDI), including convergent and discriminant validity by correlating the test with the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III (MCMI-III) and criterion validity seeking to predict the presence of psychiatric disorders. The participants were 350 people, whose ages ranged between 18 and 67 years, and 71.7% were female. Participants were divided into two groups: Group Not Psychiatric (GNP, n= 276) and Psychiatric Group (PSG, n= 74). All participants answered both, PDDI and MCMI-III. The data found in the analysis point to convergence between the instruments, as well as the PDDI ability to discriminate people with pathological personality functioning and healthier people. We also found good sensitivity for the instrument, but not so much favorable for the specificity of PDDI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Portuguese Journal of Mental Health Nursing / Revista Portuguesa de Enfermagem de Saúde Mental is the property of Portuguese Society of Mental Health Nursing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria is the property of Thieme Medical Publishing Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Mother & Child Health (BJMCH) / Revista Brasileira de Saude Materno Infantil (RBSMI) is the property of Instituto de Medicina Integral and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire is a self-report questionnaire that has proven to be a reliable and valid instrument. The objectives of this study were to validate the Portuguese version and to determine its capability to distinguish patients with dissociative disorders from others with psychopathological disorders. Method: 234 patients answered the translated version of Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire. The Portuguese Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule was used to validate clinical diagnosis. Patients with dissociative disorder (n = 113) were compared to a control group of 121 patients with various anxiety and depression disorders. Results: Reliability measured by Cronbach's cz was 0.88. The best performance of the Portuguese form was at a cut-off point of 35, which distinguishes between dissociative disorder and neurotic disorders with a good diagnostic efficacy (sensitivity = 0.73). The somatoform dissociation was significantly more frequent in dissociative disorder patients, conversion disorder patients and post-traumatic stress disorder patients. Conclusions: These findings suggest that dissociative disorders can be differentiated from other psychiatric disorders through somatoform dissociation. The Portuguese version of the Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire has fine psychometric features that sustain its cross-cultural validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introdução: Os transtornos psiquiátricos são variedades de alterações que incluem depressão, ansiedade, transtornos de humor e alimentares, entre outros, que recebem a denominação de Transtornos Mentais Comuns (TMC). Esses transtornos são frequentes no meio académico porque os estudantes, ao entrarem na universidade, deparam-se com desafios, novos hábitos, novas experiências e amizades, além de maior cobrança curricular e familiar. Objetivo: Ilustrar a prevalência de transtornos psiquiátricos entre estudantes universitários. Metodologia: Tratou-se de uma revisão bibliográfica através de consulta na base de dados do Portal de Periódicos CAPES, SciELO e PubMed, aplicando os termos "transtornos psiquiátricos", "medicina", "meio académico". Utilizou-se artigos publicados em português e inglês no período de 2005 a 2020. Resultados: Foram escolhidos sete artigos científicos relevantes para a realização do trabalho, entre os 12 previamente encontrados. O modelo de ensino atual distancia-se de aspectos psicológicos, deixando de lado os elementos essenciais para o equilíbrio entre corpo e mente, e aproxima-se da formação técnica e científica com excessiva valorização de práticas relacionadas ao bom desempenho académico dos estudantes universitários (NEPONUCENO; SOUZA; NEVES, 2019). Além disso, as transformações maturacionais (fisiológicas, neurológicas e psicológicas), decorrentes da transição entre a fase de adolescência e a fase de adulto, levam os estudantes a vivenciarem um período de crise, por exigir adaptação a um novo papel social no âmbito do Ensino Superior; além disso, ocorrem outros períodos de transição, respectivamente na entrada da universidade e anterior à formatura, os quais são percebidos como situações ameaçadoras que podem interferir negativamente sobre os aspectos cognitivos (FERREIRA et al., 2009). Neste contexto, estudo encontrou que, quando comparada à população geral, a prevalência de Transtornos Mentais Comuns entre estudantes universitários mostrou-se bastante elevada (LIMA; DOMINGUES; CERQUEIRA, 2006). Outro estudo com 200 estudantes universitários mostrou que, em geral, há altos níveis de depressão e ansiedade sobretudo entre alunos que estão no início e no final de curso, assim como entre as mulheres (BRANDTNER; BARDAGI, 2009). Estudo brasileiro na área de saúde mental, realizado especificamente com estudantes de Medicina, apontou que entre 30% e 44% apresentavam sintomas ou algum tipo de Transtorno Mental Comum (GRETHER et al., 2019). Conclusão: Evidenciou-se maior incidência de transtornos psiquiátricos entre estudantes universitários quando comparada à população em geral. Além disso, percebe-se que a situação de entrada na universidade apresenta novas demandas, configurando-se como um período de transição desafiador, já que muitos estudantes não estão preparados para essa mudança. Este desafio também ocorre no final do curso, pelo advento de novas incertezas, inferindo-se que tais constatações podem servir de alerta para que as universidades proporcionem maior apoio psicológico aos acadêmicos, além de reformular as estratégias de ensino de forma a contemplar o equilíbrio emocional. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]