45 results on '"transtheoretical"'
Search Results
2. Competence-Based Trainings for Psychological Treatments – A Transtheoretical Perspective
- Author
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Winfried Rief, Marcel Wilhelm, Gaby Bleichhardt, Bernhard Strauss, Lisbeth Frostholm, and Pia von Blanckenburg
- Subjects
psychological treatments ,psychotherapy ,training ,competence ,transtheoretical ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
[Background] Although in most countries psychotherapy trainings focus on one treatment orientation, such an approach is associated with systematic shortcomings. The priorities from teaching one theoretical framework should be moved to a more rigorous orientation in science and evidence-based practice, and to the needs of patients, even if strategies of different theoretical approaches need to be combined. [Method] We discuss whether competence-based trainings in psychological treatments offer a better framework to facilitate the progress of psychological treatments to a professional academic discipline with transtheoretical exchange, and we provide an example of a transtheoretical education in the basic competences of psychological treatments. A transtheoretical education program requires an umbrella model for case formulation and a transtheoretical definition of intervention goals. [Results] We provide an adaptation of the traditional model distinguishing vulnerability/resilience, exacerbation, and maintenance of clinical problems for case conceptualization. Dynamic network models offer a further perspective for developing modern, transtheoretical case formulations. Treatment methods should be better classified according to their transtheoretical goals, which offers opportunities to better compare or combine them. We report a case example of how to transform a general competence-based approach in the training of psychological treatments in the academic education system, which found exceptional acceptance from participating students. [Conclusion] Thus, a rigorous competence-based approach to training early clinicians in applying psychological treatments helps to bridge the artificial divide between psychotherapeutic traditions. It also supports the evolution of psychological treatments into an academically robust and highly professional, integrative discipline.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Four Versions of Transtheoretical Stances, and the Bernese View
- Author
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Franz Caspar and Thomas Berger
- Subjects
transtheoretical ,psychotherapy integration ,multiple constraint satisfaction ,individualization ,supervision ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
A brief characterization of transtheoretical stances to which existing approaches can be allocated is followed by a description of the "Bernese view", that is, what Klaus Grawe and his colleagues, including the authors of this article have developed: the origins, a model of the multiple constraint satisfaction construction of therapist action, a discussion of psychotherapy integration, the crucial role of supervisors in an integrative multiple constraint satisfaction approach, and a discussion of when and how trainees should be introduced to a transtheoretical stance.
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
4. Life Is About Change: A Professional Memoir.
- Author
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Goldfried MR
- Subjects
- Humans, History, 20th Century, History, 21st Century, United States, Psychology, Clinical history, Psychotherapy history
- Abstract
Receiving my doctorate in 1961 just as John F. Kennedy was inaugurated president of the United States, I was inspired by his sentiment that any person can make a difference, and every person should try. In this memoir I review my professional journey of trying to make a difference in researching, teaching, supervising, and practicing clinical psychology and psychotherapy. I began my career by working on an evidence base for projective techniques. Upon joining the Stony Brook faculty, I shifted my efforts to research on and practice of behavior therapy, and then to the incorporation of cognition in developing cognitive behavioral therapy. Further work on integration consisted of closing the gap between research and practice, lowering the barriers that existed across schools of therapy, and incorporating lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender issues into mainstream psychology.
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- 2024
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5. Assessing internalized beliefs: Development of the Pathogenic Belief Scale.
- Author
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Aafjes-van Doorn, Katie, McCollum, James, Silberschatz, George, and Snyder, John
- Subjects
- *
EXPLORATORY factor analysis , *PSYCHOMETRICS , *TEST validity , *SELF-evaluation , *PSYCHOTHERAPY , *ADOLESCENT psychopathology - Abstract
The way that people internalize adverse experiences plays an important role in the development of psychopathology. The Pathogenic Belief Scale (PBS) is intended to operationalize a transtheoretical understanding of repetitive patterns of emotion-laden beliefs that develop in childhood and continue to influence people's current experience. Using a cross-sectional survey design, we recruited a large heterogeneous sample of 246 clinic outpatients and 732 adults in the community. Besides the PBS, measures of adverse parenting experiences and common psychopathology were administered. An exploratory factor analysis of the total sample of 978 participants was conducted followed by a convergent validity analysis for the 246 clinic outpatients. The three-factor solution included "cannot rely on others," "undeserving," and "interpersonal guilt," and it showed good psychometric properties, including convergent validity with the measures of adverse parenting experiences and psychopathology. The 34-item PBS offers a promising self-report measure that could help delineate and understand the pathogenic beliefs that heterogeneous samples of patients may hold. Pathogenic beliefs may be relevant to the psychotherapy process, regardless of model or theoretical context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Four Versions of Transtheoretical Stances, and the Bernese View.
- Author
-
Caspar F and Berger T
- Abstract
A brief characterization of transtheoretical stances to which existing approaches can be allocated is followed by a description of the "Bernese view", that is, what Klaus Grawe and his colleagues, including the authors of this article have developed: the origins, a model of the multiple constraint satisfaction construction of therapist action, a discussion of psychotherapy integration, the crucial role of supervisors in an integrative multiple constraint satisfaction approach, and a discussion of when and how trainees should be introduced to a transtheoretical stance., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Competence-Based Trainings for Psychological Treatments - A Transtheoretical Perspective.
- Author
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Rief W, Wilhelm M, Bleichhardt G, Strauss B, Frostholm L, and von Blanckenburg P
- Abstract
Background: Although in most countries psychotherapy trainings focus on one treatment orientation, such an approach is associated with systematic shortcomings. The priorities from teaching one theoretical framework should be moved to a more rigorous orientation in science and evidence-based practice, and to the needs of patients, even if strategies of different theoretical approaches need to be combined., Method: We discuss whether competence-based trainings in psychological treatments offer a better framework to facilitate the progress of psychological treatments to a professional academic discipline with transtheoretical exchange, and we provide an example of a transtheoretical education in the basic competences of psychological treatments. A transtheoretical education program requires an umbrella model for case formulation and a transtheoretical definition of intervention goals., Results: We provide an adaptation of the traditional model distinguishing vulnerability/resilience, exacerbation, and maintenance of clinical problems for case conceptualization. Dynamic network models offer a further perspective for developing modern, transtheoretical case formulations. Treatment methods should be better classified according to their transtheoretical goals, which offers opportunities to better compare or combine them. We report a case example of how to transform a general competence-based approach in the training of psychological treatments in the academic education system, which found exceptional acceptance from participating students., Conclusion: Thus, a rigorous competence-based approach to training early clinicians in applying psychological treatments helps to bridge the artificial divide between psychotherapeutic traditions. It also supports the evolution of psychological treatments into an academically robust and highly professional, integrative discipline., Competing Interests: Winfried Rief is an Editor-in-Chief for Clinical Psychology in Europe but played no editorial role in this particular article or intervened in any form in the peer review process.
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- 2024
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8. A comparison of free will, human agency, and the transtheoretical model.
- Author
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Reynolds, Andy and Placido, Nicholas
- Subjects
- *
CONTROL (Psychology) , *BEHAVIOR , *CHRISTIANITY , *MATHEMATICAL models , *SOCIAL services , *THEORY , *PROFESSIONAL practice , *SOCIAL learning theory - Abstract
Western culture has historically drawn on many theories to understand and intervene in human behavior. This article will examine the contributions of three theoretical models: Augustine's conceptualization of free will, Albert Bandura's human agency model, and Prochaska, DiClemente, and Norcross' transtheoretical model. Although these perspectives vastly differ in the year of origin and are understood through different fields, they are commonly linked in the role that the individual plays in human behavior. This article is a review of the implications of each theory for the integration of Christian faith and social work practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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9. Treatment acceptance and its associated determinants in cancer patients: A systematic review
- Author
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Novirianthy, Rima, Syukri, Maimun, Gondhowiardjo, Soehartati, Suhanda, Rachmad, Mawarpury, Marty, Pranata, Agung, Renaldi, Teuku, Novirianthy, Rima, Syukri, Maimun, Gondhowiardjo, Soehartati, Suhanda, Rachmad, Mawarpury, Marty, Pranata, Agung, and Renaldi, Teuku
- Abstract
Treatment recommendations for cancer patients are carried out according to clinical assessment, type and stage of cancer and treatment guidelines. However, many patients do not accept the recommendations. This raises obstacles in managing of cancers, which not only affects the patients, but also the family and people around the patients. This problem could increase morbidity, mortality and recurrence rate, which might result in lower quality of life. Since this condition is a complex problem, there is necessity to explore and determine various determinants from different levels. The aim of this systematic review was to explore the acceptances of cancer treatments among cancer patients and its associated determinants. Articles published from 2010 to 2023 were searched in four databases: ScienceDirect, Medline, Google Scholar and PubMed. Articles written in English and focussing on three main cancer treatments (surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy) were eligible. A narrative approach was used and the data were analysed into selected themes. Data suggest that several factors influence patient acceptance for cancer therapy including sociodemographic, economic and spiritual cultural backgrounds; patient knowledge and perceptions; community support, as well as policy and availability of health facilities. The determinants consist of individual, interpersonal, institutional, community and public policy level and interaction between levels are contributing to cancer treatment acceptance. In conclusion, cancer treatment acceptance remains a problem in particular in low middle income countries. In addition, the data on radiotherapy referral acceptance were limited and needed further study.
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- 2023
10. Treatment acceptance and its associated determinants in cancer patients: A systematic review.
- Author
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Novirianthy R, Syukri M, Gondhowiardjo S, Suhanda R, Mawapury M, Pranata A, and Renaldi T
- Abstract
Treatment recommendations for cancer patients are carried out according to clinical assessment, type and stage of cancer and treatment guidelines. However, many patients do not accept the recommendations. This raises obstacles in managing of cancers, which not only affects the patients, but also the family and people around the patients. This problem could increase morbidity, mortality and recurrence rate, which might result in lower quality of life. Since this condition is a complex problem, there is necessity to explore and determine various determinants from different levels. The aim of this systematic review was to explore the acceptances of cancer treatments among cancer patients and its associated determinants. Articles published from 2010 to 2023 were searched in four databases: ScienceDirect, Medline, Google Scholar and PubMed. Articles written in English and focussing on three main cancer treatments (surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy) were eligible. A narrative approach was used and the data were analysed into selected themes. Data suggest that several factors influence patient acceptance for cancer therapy including sociodemographic, economic and spiritual cultural backgrounds; patient knowledge and perceptions; community support, as well as policy and availability of health facilities. The determinants consist of individual, interpersonal, institutional, community and public policy level and interaction between levels are contributing to cancer treatment acceptance. In conclusion, cancer treatment acceptance remains a problem in particular in low middle income countries. In addition, the data on radiotherapy referral acceptance were limited and needed further study., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest., (© 2023 The Author(s).)
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- 2023
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11. TRANCE
- Author
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Smith, Eric
- Subjects
Will ,ego ,behaviors ,InformationSystems_INFORMATIONINTERFACESANDPRESENTATION(e.g.,HCI) ,Modification ,Outcomes ,Church ,Self ,Americans ,Education ,Transtheoretical ,Religious ,Social ,Bias ,change ,Stages ,Type ,Obesity ,Sugar ,theory ,physical ,Chicago ,id ,gratification ,activity ,African ,Diabetes ,ComputingMilieux_PERSONALCOMPUTING ,Gender ,Blacks ,super ,Weight ,Diet ,Blood ,Glucose ,Belief ,Health ,Power ,planned ,InformationSystems_MISCELLANEOUS ,human activities ,Organization ,Model ,Paleo - Abstract
Traditions Related to Adult Nutrition, Calories, and Exercise, that needs to be accomplished by coalition game building activities.
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- 2022
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12. Transtheoretical Model-based (TTM) Interventions to Improve Physical Activities in Elderly Men
- Author
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L Ghahremani, SH Niknami, MT Mosavi, AR Heidarnia, K Karimzadeh Shirazi, and GH Babaei
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Transtheoretical ,Physical Activity ,Older People ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Understanding and influencing the determinants of physical activity is an important public health challenge. This study examines the application of key constructs of the transtheoretical model to physical activity behaviors for aged people. Materials & Methods: This study is a field trial with census sampling. Sixty healthy adult men at Kahrizak nursing home in 1386 completed a questionnaire including demographics and self-reported levels of physical activity, constructed from the Transtheoretical Model (TTM), before and after two months of intervention. The interventional program included tailored counseling and focus group. The data were then analyzed with T test, X2, pair T test and Wilcoxon, using SPSS software. Results: Statistical analysis showed a significant difference for the effect of health education program on increasing stage of change, self-efficacy, decisional balance and physical activity behavior in elderly people (p
- Published
- 2008
13. Intervention development to reduce musculoskeletal disorders: Is the process on target?
- Author
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Oakman, Jodi, Rothmore, Paul, and Tappin, David
- Subjects
- *
INTERVENTION (Social services) , *HEALTH , *MATHEMATICAL models , *ERGONOMICS , *SAFETY , *MUSCULOSKELETAL system diseases , *OCCUPATIONAL disease prevention , *FOOD handling , *INDUSTRIAL hygiene , *MEDICAL quality control , *SYSTEM analysis , *PREVENTION ,TREATMENT of musculoskeletal system diseases - Abstract
Work related musculoskeletal disorders remain an intractable OHS problem. In 2002, Haslam proposed applying the stage of change model to target ergonomics interventions and other health and safety prevention activities. The stage of change model proposes that taking into account an individual's readiness for change in developing intervention strategies is likely to improve uptake and success. This paper revisits Haslam's proposal in the context of interventions to reduce musculoskeletal disorders. Effective MSD interventions require a systematic approach and need to take into account a combination of measures. Research evidence suggests that in practice, those charged with the management of MSDs are not consistently adopting such an approach. Consequently, intervention development may not represent contemporary best practice. We propose a potential method of addressing this gap is the stage of change model, and use a case study to illustrate this argument in tailoring intervention development for managing MSDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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14. Improving Physical Activity and Metabolic Syndrome Indicators in Women: A Transtheoretical Model-Based Intervention.
- Author
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Mostafavi, Firoozeh, Ghofranipour, Fazllolah, Feizi, Awat, and Pirzadeh, Asiyeh
- Subjects
- *
PHYSICAL activity , *METABOLIC syndrome , *OBESITY , *TRIGLYCERIDES , *HIGH density lipoproteins - Abstract
Background: This study aimed at investigating the impact of an educational intervention based on transtheoretical model to increase physical activity and improve metabolic syndrome indicators in women. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 142 women with metabolic syndrome were randomly assigned to the case and control group (each group 71 participants). SECQ (Marcus), processes of change (Marcus), decisional balance (Bandura) and self-efficacy (Nigg) questionnaires and International Physical Activities Standard Questionnaire in preintervention, 3 and 6 months after intervention were completed. Furthermore, abdominal obesity, triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were measured. Physical activity intervention based on transtheoretical model (TTM) was performed in the case group. Finally, data were analyzed by SPSS (16) (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) and repeated measure ANOVA, independent t-test and Freidman was used. A two-tailed P value, lower than 0.05, was considered to be statistically significant. Results: After the intervention, physical activity level increased in the intervention group, and they also progressed in stages of change, but the people in the control group had regressed. All changes in TTM constructs were significant in the intervention group during the time and differences in pros and cons were not significant in the control group. Abdominal obesity and TG has significantly reduced, and HDL has increased in the intervention group. In the control group, there was a significant increase in TGs and a decrease in HDL. Conclusions: Physical activity training based on TTM can improve physical activity and metabolic syndrome indicators in women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Willingness to adopt personal biosecurity strategies on thoroughbred breeding farms: Findings from a multi-site pilot study in Australia's Hunter Valley.
- Author
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Thompson K, Taylor J, Mendez D, Chicken C, Carrick J, and Durrheim DN
- Abstract
There are almost 9,500 full-time employees in Australia's thoroughbred horse breeding industry. During foaling, they can be exposed to bodily fluids and mucous membranes which may present risks for zoonotic disease. These risks can be mitigated through personal biosecurity strategies. The aim of this study was to identify which personal biosecurity strategies were more or less likely to be adopted by workers. Seventeen participants representing 14 thoroughbred breeding farms and three equine veterinary practices in Australia's largest thoroughbred breeding region trialed up to 16 stakeholder-nominated personal biosecurity strategies over the 2021 foaling season. The strategies encompassed personal protective equipment (PPE), zoonotic disease awareness, policies and protocols, supportive environments, and leadership. Strategy adoption was monitored through three repeated self-audit surveys designed around the Transtheoretical Model of change (TTM) and findings were reviewed in exit interviews. For all survey waves in aggregate, 13 strategies were practiced by at least 50.0% of participants. Participants were most likely to use a ready-made foaling box (98.0%), communicate the message that PPE usage is a personal responsibility (94.1%) and use ready-made PPE kits (88.2%). However, 31.4% had no intention of doing practice sessions and/or dummy runs for PPE use and 27.5% had no intention of using a buddy system on farm/practice to check use of PPE. Whilst these rates indicate workers' willingness to adopt and maintain personal biosecurity strategies, they also indicate capacity for more practices to be implemented more often. Overall, the findings highlight the need for personal biosecurity interventions to be sensitive to the demands of the annual thoroughbred breeding calendar, the size of the breeding operation and the availability of skilled staff., Competing Interests: Author JC is the owner-operator of Equine Specialist Consulting. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Thompson, Taylor, Mendez, Chicken, Carrick and Durrheim.)
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- 2022
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16. The Transtheoretical Model as a Predictor of Fruit and Vegetable Intake in SNAP Participants
- Author
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Stevens, Keshele
- Subjects
model ,snap ,vegetable ,predictor ,fruit ,participants ,transtheoretical ,intake - Abstract
Background: Many Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participants do not consume enough fruits and vegetables (F&V). The transtheoretical model has been used to predict and improve F&V consumption through public health interventions. This study focuses on self-efficacy and decisional balance (perceived benefits and barriers). Measurement scales for each construct have been validated in multiple populations. Repeated analyses of these constructs and measurement scales and their ability to predict F&V consumption will further inform the creation, implementation, and evaluation of nutrition interventions in low-income populations. Purpose: The current study seeks to understand the relationship between decisional balance and self-efficacy and actual F&V intake using previously validated measurement scales. Methods: Seventy-four adults receiving SNAP benefits completed a survey including a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for F&V consumption, and previously validated measurement scales for perceived barriers, benefits, and self-efficacy of fruit and vegetable intake. Twenty-four-hour food recalls were also completed using the Automated Self-Administered Assessment tool (ASA24). The relationship between F&V consumption and perceived benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy was analyzed using linear regression and Spearman correlations. Results: Perceived benefits had significant correlations (r=0.5, p=0.01) and regression beta coefficients (B=2.04, p = 0.03) with F&V intake measured by the FFQ, but not the ASA24. Neither perceived barriers or self-efficacy scores had significant associations with F&V intake using either the FFQ or ASA24. Conclusion: Perceived benefits was the only construct with statistically significant associations to F&V intake. Results contrast previous research that found perceived barriers and self-efficacy to be stronger predictors of F&V consumption in the low-income population. This research suggests that perceived benefits of F&V consumption may still be a worthwhile target for nutrition interventions.
- Published
- 2020
17. Improving physical activity and metabolic syndrome indicators in women: A transtheoretical model-based intervention
- Author
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Firoozeh Mostafavi, Fazllolah Ghofranipour, Awat Feizi, and Asiyeh Pirzadeh
- Subjects
Decisional balance ,metabolic syndrome ,physical activity ,process of change ,self -efficacy ,stage of change ,transtheoretical ,Medicine - Abstract
Background: This study aimed at investigating the impact of an educational intervention based on transtheoretical model to increase physical activity and improve metabolic syndrome indicators in women. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 142 women with metabolic syndrome were randomly assigned to the case and control group (each group 71 participants). SECQ (Marcus), processes of change (Marcus), decisional balance (Bandura) and self-efficacy (Nigg) questionnaires and International Physical Activities Standard Questionnaire in preintervention, 3 and 6 months after intervention were completed. Furthermore, abdominal obesity, triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were measured. Physical activity intervention based on transtheoretical model (TTM) was performed in the case group. Finally, data were analyzed by SPSS (16) (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) and repeated measure ANOVA, independent t-test and Freidman was used. A two-tailed P value, lower than 0.05, was considered to be statistically significant. Results: After the intervention, physical activity level increased in the intervention group, and they also progressed in stages of change, but the people in the control group had regressed. All changes in TTM constructs were significant in the intervention group during the time and differences in pros and cons were not significant in the control group. Abdominal obesity and TG has significantly reduced, and HDL has increased in the intervention group. In the control group, there was a significant increase in TGs and a decrease in HDL. Conclusions: Physical activity training based on TTM can improve physical activity and metabolic syndrome indicators in women.
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- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. “We Need to Talk About It!”: Doing CYC as Politicized Praxis.
- Author
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Loiselle, Elicia, de Finney, Sandrina, Khanna, Nishad, and Corcoran, Rebecca
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FEMINISTS ,PRAXIS (Process) ,TRANSTHEORETICAL model of change ,QUEER theory ,POSTSTRUCTURALISM ,CHILD care - Abstract
Like many others seeking to make room for alternative voices in the narrow canon of CYC theory and practice, our work is steeped in theoretical and activist perspectives on colonialism, neoliberalism, normativity, social power, and social change. This critical, multidisciplinary lens is too often cast outside the realm of authentic CYC. In this article, we share our simultaneous struggles with and passion for our work and the CYC field and consider what can be gained from a critical ethic of practice, research, and activism. Our transtheoretical framework, drawn from Indigenous, postcolonial, queer, feminist, and poststructural perspectives, helps us unpack how coming together critically, hopefully, productively enables us to trouble exclusionary notions of CYC. We present vignettes from our practice and research that explicitly challenge the assumption that critical practice is somehow less effective and less responsive to the realities of the diverse children, youth, families, and communities with whom we work. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
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- 2012
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19. Psychologists' dilemmas in career counselling practice.
- Author
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Cardoso, Paulo, Taveira, Maria, Biscaia, Constança, and Santos, Maria
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DILEMMA ,PSYCHOLOGISTS -- Attitudes ,VOCATIONAL guidance ,QUALITATIVE research ,CONFIDENTIAL communications ,NEUTRALITY - Abstract
Copyright of International Journal for Educational & Vocational Guidance is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2012
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20. A transtheoretical approach to case conceptualization and treatment planning as a method of identifying the appropriate stage for creating change in therapy.
- Author
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Seay, Thomas
- Subjects
- *
TRANSTHEORETICAL model of change , *STRATEGIC planning , *METHODOLOGY , *CLIENT-centered psychotherapy , *PHYSICIAN practice patterns - Abstract
This article will examine a therapeutic methodology that may have some promise for use with an Asian clinical population. The model presented is a transtheoretical model that uses a particular atheoretical method of case conceptualizing. Client change is the ultimate goal of therapeutic intervention, so clients' readiness to change is incorporated into the treatment planning. Finally, interventions are examined by way of examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2010
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21. The Common Factors Model: Implications for Transtheoretical Clinical Social Work Practice.
- Author
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Cameron, Mark and Keenan, Elizabeth King
- Subjects
- *
SOCIAL services , *SOCIOECONOMIC factors , *PUBLIC welfare , *SOCIAL workers , *HUMAN services - Abstract
Direct practice social workers today are challenged to address the requirements of the complex array of professional, organizational, institutional, and regulatory demands placed on them in the broader socioeconomic context of fewer resources and diminished public support for social welfare services in the United States. The common factors model provides an accessible, transtheoretical, empirically supported conceptual foundation for practice that may help to resolve this conundrum and support effective practice. Common factors are conditions and processes activated and facilitated by strategies and skills that positively influence practice outcomes across a range of practice theories. The model provides an expanded conceptualization of the "active ingredients" required for change to include a focus on conditions and processes as well as practice strategies and to focus on all who are involved in the work. The model is described and implications for practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
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22. Health Behavior Insights—The Transtheoretical/ Stages of Change Model: Carlo C. DiClemente, PhD.
- Author
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Werch, Chudley E., Ames, Steven, Moore, Michele J., Thombs, Dennis, and Hart, Andrea
- Subjects
- *
INTERVIEWING , *HEALTH behavior research , *MEDICAL care , *BEHAVIORAL assessment , *SAFETY - Abstract
Showcased in this article is an interview with Carlo C. DiClemente, PhD, an internationally renowned health behavior researcher and codeveloper of the Transtheoretical or Stages of Change Model. In this verbatim interview transcript, later edited by the authors and interviewee, Dr. DiClemente, he provides practical information and frank commentary on the steps to follow and pitfalls to avoid in developing, implementing, evaluating, and disseminating efficacious programs for affecting the health and well-being of individuals and populations. A concluding section summarizes key lessons learned from the professional experiences of Dr. DiClemente and discusses implications for advancing health behavior intervention practice and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
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23. Enhancing Adolescent Substance Abuse Treatment Engagement.
- Author
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McWhirter, Paula T.
- Subjects
- *
SUBSTANCE abuse treatment , *VICTIMLESS crimes , *MARIJUANA , *ALCOHOL , *PERSONALITY disorders , *TRANSTHEORETICAL model of change - Abstract
Trends in adolescent drug use are encouraging and suggest the importance of preventative programs for youth. Yet, among those who become involved with illicit substances and seek treatment, only a fraction report positive outcomes. This article describes an approach to enhance adolescent participation in substance abuse treatment. Aspects of the transtheoretical model are integrated into a treatment program designed to meet the unique developmental needs of adolescent alcohol and marijuana abusers. The result is a treatment that better engages adolescents in participation, thereby increasing the likelihood for treatment success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2008
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24. Appetitive nature of drug cues re-confirmed with physiological measures and the potential role of stage of change.
- Author
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Dempsey, Jared P., Cohen, Lee M., Hobson, Valerie L., and Randall, Patrick K.
- Subjects
- *
SMOKING , *TOBACCO use , *ORAL habits , *AFFECTIVE disorders , *STARTLE reaction , *NICOTINE - Abstract
Smokers report pleasant reactions to viewing cigarettes, suggesting that smoking cues may be appetitive in nature. Two studies have investigated this hypothesis through physiological assessment. The first study found that smoking cues were physiologically appetitive in nature, with dampened startle response to smoking pictures in comparison to neutral pictures. The second found that smoking pictures did not modulate the startle response, suggesting such cues may not be physiologically appetitive. The goal of the present study was to further investigate how participants’ motivation to quit smoking might modulate responses to smoking cues. Twenty-two nicotine-dependent smokers viewed standardized pleasant, unpleasant, neutral, and smoking pictures. Eleven of the subjects reported no intent to quit (precontemplators) and 11 reported planning to quit within the next 6 months (contemplators). Acoustic startle probes were randomly administered while subjects viewed the pictures, and eyeblink startle magnitude was measured with electromyography (EMG). As a whole, participants exhibited dampened startle responses during smoking pictures, relative to unpleasant pictures. Precontemplators showed robust startle inhibition to smoking pictures, in comparison to both neutral and unpleasant pictures. Contemplators, however, showed blunted unpleasant picture augmentation and a lack of startle inhibition for pleasant pictures. These findings are consistent with the idea that smoking pictures are appetitive in nature. Furthermore, they suggest that smokers at a later stage of change may exhibit a lesser response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
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25. Adding addiction to the transtheoretical model for smoking cessation
- Author
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Andersen, Susan
- Subjects
- *
SMOKING cessation , *DRUG withdrawal symptoms , *SOCIAL networks , *MATHEMATICAL optimization - Abstract
Abstract: Addiction is important to account for when designing smoking cessation interventions as withdrawal symptoms impede quitting. Ameliorating symptoms may increase those successfully quitting. A two‐group, two‐time, five‐week, multi‐site experimental design using the Transtheoretical Model examined whether addiction predicted post‐intervention smoking behavior (point prevalence and stage of change), controlling for NRT (nicotine replacement therapy use) in adult FreshStart participants (N =109). The intervention group self‐designated an Indigenous Helper (IH) Inde from their social network; the control group did not. The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and the Stage of Change questionnaire were completed at baseline and 4 weeks. NRT use, but not the FTND, predicted smoking behavior. There is a need for an accurate nicotine addiction measure. Future smoking cessation studies should include NRT as a covariate. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2007
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26. The transtheoretical model and primary care: “The Times They Are A Changin’”.
- Author
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Singer, Ethan A.
- Subjects
- *
NURSE practitioners , *PRIMARY care , *HEALTH behavior , *HEALTH education , *MEDICAL personnel , *SMOKING cessation - Abstract
Purpose: To identify the transtheoretical model and the five stages of change that assist to bring about behavioral change. A case study is presented to illustrate how the model can be applied by primary care nurse practitioners (NPs) to assist patients toward a healthier lifestyle. Data sources: Scientific literature, theoretical framework, and case study. Conclusions: The transtheoretical model has implications in primary care to assist NPs in assessing what stage a patient may be in, offering encouragement to promote a healthier lifestyle change, and reassessing the patient to maintain the desired healthy behavior. Implications for practice: Primary care NPs can use the transtheoretical model to better advance patients into a healthy behavioral change. Documentation of the current stage a patient is in can promote continuity of care among providers, outline specific health promotion initiatives to enhance patient care, and provide documentation during regulatory inspections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
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27. The relation between processes-of-change and stage-transition in smoking behavior: A two-year longitudinal test of the Transtheoretical Model
- Author
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Callaghan, Russell C. and Herzog, Thaddeus A.
- Subjects
- *
SMOKING , *WORK environment , *CONTEMPLATION , *BEHAVIOR - Abstract
Abstract: Aims: To test the theoretical predictions of the Transtheoretical Model regarding process-use and progressive stage-transition in relation to smoking behavior. Design and Setting: Secondary data analyses of a 2-year longitudinal worksite-based smoking-cessation study [Working Well Trial (Abrams, D., Boutwell, W., Grizzle, J., Heimendinger, J., Sorensen, G., & Varnes, J. (1994). Cancer control at the workplace: The Working Well trial. Preventative Medicine, 23, 15–27)]. Findings: The results demonstrated some support for the predictions generated from the Model: those making the transition from the Precontemplation stage to the Contemplation stage showed a heightened use of experiential processes-of-change from the baseline measurement to the 2-year follow-up, while those remaining in the Precontemplation stage reported no differences across time in their ratings of experiential and behavioral processes-of-change. Contrary to Transtheoretical Model''s claims, however, smokers moving from the Contemplation stage to the Preparation stage over the 2-year period did not manifest an increasing use of experiential or behavioral processes over time in comparison to their counterparts remaining in the Contemplation stage. Conclusions: Given the lack of longitudinal relation between process-use and the Contemplation-to-Preparation transition, the findings in this paper undermine the Transtheoretical Model''s central tenet that stage-matched processes-of-change serve as the primary mechanisms of stage progression from the Contemplation stage to the Preparation stage. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Transtheoretical model constructs in smokers with and without medical illness: A second look at the medical effect
- Author
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Wagner, Julie, Heapy, Alicia, Frantsve, Lisa, Abbott, Gina, and Burg, Matthew M.
- Subjects
- *
CIGARETTE smokers , *CHRONIC diseases , *SMOKING , *NICOTINE addiction treatment - Abstract
Abstract: The present report describes an investigation of differences in transtheoretical model constructs between 275 smokers with any medical illness, smokers with chronic illness specifically, and smokers who are medically healthy. In contrast to a previous report by Kristeller et al., we did not find higher process scores among medically ill smokers, instead finding more relapses and higher temptation scores among the medically ill smokers. Chronically ill smokers in particular reported high temptation to smoke in negative affect and habit/craving situations. Moreover, greater number of chronic illnesses was associated with increasing temptation and pros of smoking. We conclude that while medical smokers may report more quit attempts, they may have more difficulty staying quit than their healthy counterparts. Helping medically ill smoking patients to cope more effectively with highly tempting situations, to decrease perceived benefits of smoking, and to increase their use of the processes of change may lead to greater cessation success. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Recent drinking consequences, motivation to change, and changes in alcohol consumption over a three month period
- Author
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Blume, Arthur W., Schmaling, Karen B., and Marlatt, G. Alan
- Subjects
- *
ALCOHOL drinking , *DRINKING behavior , *ORAL habits , *MOTIVATION (Psychology) - Abstract
Abstract: Little is known about what type of drinking related consequences may enhance motivation to change or may hinder behavior change over time. In order to examine this research question, 120 adult participants abusing alcohol were administered the Drinker Inventory of Consequences-Recent (DrInC-R), the Brief Readiness to Change Questionnaire (BRTC), and the Steady Pattern Chart (SP). Subscale scores from the DrInC-R and the BRTC; and alcohol consumption as assessed by the SP at baseline and three month follow-up were retained for data analyses. Greater intrapersonal DrInC-R consequences scores significantly predicted greater contemplation stage scores (R 2 =.37, p <.001), and lower precontemplation stage scores (R 2 =.32, p <.001), and DrInC-R impulse control and interpersonal consequences scores significantly predicted alcohol consumption at three month follow-up after controlling for baseline consumption (R 2 =.50, p <.001). Increased awareness of intrapersonal drinking related consequences may motivate change, whereas numbers of impulse control and interpersonal consequences may predict changes in drinking behavior over the short-term. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2006
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- View/download PDF
30. Memory, executive cognitive function, and readiness to change drinking behavior
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Blume, Arthur W., Schmaling, Karen B., and Marlatt, G. Alan
- Subjects
- *
DRINKING behavior , *PSYCHOLOGICAL tests , *PSYCHOLOGY of movement , *EXPLICIT memory - Abstract
The transtheoretical model of Prochaska and DiClemente [Psychother. Theory Res. Prac. 19 (1982) 276] postulates that cognitive skills are critical for drinking behavior change. Memory and executive cognitive function likely influence the execution of skills that are implicated for both motivating and sustaining drinking behavior change. Participants who met criteria for alcohol abuse or dependence (N=117) were administered a battery of standardized memory and executive cognitive function tests that included the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R), Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT), Ruff Figural Fluency Test (RFFT), and Wisconsin Card Sort Test (WCST). Lower verbal and higher delayed recall memory score at baseline significantly predicted precontemplation, higher verbal memory scores predicted contemplation, and better attention–concentration at baseline significantly predicted reduced drinking at 3-month follow-up, after controlling for baseline alcohol consumption. The study findings indicate that explicit memory processes may have utility for predicting readiness to change drinking behavior. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2005
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31. A Cognitive-behavioural Intervention to Increase Adherence of Adult Women Exercisers.
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Orti, Eva Segura and Donaghy, Marie
- Subjects
- *
OLDER women , *WOMEN'S health , *HEALTH behavior , *EXERCISE for women - Abstract
The aim of this research was to assess the impact of a cognitive-behavioural intervention on the short-term adherence to exercise of previous sedentary women living in a rural area in Spain. A sample of 30 sedentary women, 49-69 years old, with normal bone mineral density (BMD) or osteopenia were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The control group received four monitored sessions of exercise once a week, while the experimental group attended four additional sessions where strategies to improve adherence to exercise were implemented. The short-term adherence of participants was self-reported in two periods. The first period of 4 weeks consisted of independent walking sessions twice per week, and the second period included attendance at unsupervised group sessions twice per week during the following 5 weeks. Data from 27 subjects attending at least three out of four monitored sessions were analysed. The short-term adherence of the experimental group to the independent walking sessions was significantly higher than the adherence of the control group; however, no significant between group difference was found in adherence to the unsupervised group sessions. In conclusion, the intervention based on the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) improved adherence to walking exercise sessions only during the intervention implementation period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
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- View/download PDF
32. 'What works' with substance users in prison?
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Malinowski, Andy
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DRUG abuse treatment ,PEOPLE with drug addiction ,REHABILITATION ,COGNITIVE therapy ,PRISONERS - Abstract
A theoretical model for a prison-based rehabilitation programme is described. It was developed from a theory manual, written for a prison-centred programme in Oxfordshire run by the Ley Community, a concept-based therapeutic community. It draws on two theoretical models that are historically separate and distinct, reviews their key theoretical components and explores integrative links. Concept-based therapeutic communities, their origins, aims, values and methods are discussed. Cognitive behavioural group work approaches are explored and the features crucial to their effectiveness are identified. Two types of prison-based drug treatment programmes, based on therapeutic community and cognitive behavioural approaches are described and discussed. This includes consideration of research findings into their effectiveness and identifies features that are considered crucial to a programme's success. It is suggested that the adoption of a transtheoretical model would enable an integration of concepts and components that underpin both cognitive behavioural and structured therapeutic community approaches, and may provide a pragmatic solution to any inherent theoretical tensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Using Self-efficacy and a Transtheoretical Model to Develop a Physical Activity Intervention for Obese Women.
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Dallow, Cindy Byfield and Anderson, Jennifer
- Subjects
- *
EXERCISE , *OVERWEIGHT women , *OBESITY in women , *WOMEN'S health services , *OBESITY - Abstract
Purpose. To assess the effectiveness of applying behavior change theory to a physical activity intervention for obese, sedentary women. Design. A 48-week randomized controlled trial. Subjects were randomized to one of two intervention groups. Setting. A university classroom and a local health club. Subjects. Fifty-eight sedentary, obese women. Interventions. A 24-week theory-based physical activity program that aims to change the way subjects think and behave in relation to physical activity (treatment group, n = 29) and a traditionally structured exercise program (control group, n = 29). Measures. Questionnaires on physical activity, stage of change, processes of change, and self-efficacy were completed at baseline, 24 weeks, and 48 weeks. Results. Twenty-seven of the 29 participants in the treatment group and 17 participants in the control group completed the study. Analysis of variance revealed significant and positive changes in measures of eight processes of change, self-efficacy, physical activity, and cardiorespiratory fitness in the treatment group at 24 weeks. All but one of these changes were maintained at 48 weeks. In the control group, significant changes occurred in only two processes of change, and no change occurred in self-efficacy, physical activity, or cardiorespiratory fitness at 24 or 48 weeks. Conclusion. A theory-based intervention is more likely to change the ajay obese women think and behave in relation to physical activity than a traditional exercise program that does not incorporate behavior change theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Improving Physician-delivered Counseling in a Primary Care Setting: Lessons from a Failed Attempt.
- Author
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Keller, Stefan, Donner-Banzhoff, Norbert, Kaluza, Gert, Baum, Erika, and Basler, Heinz-Dieter
- Subjects
- *
HEALTH counseling , *PRIMARY care , *PHYSICIANS - Abstract
Background: The high prevalence of behavioral risk factors for cardiovascular diseases demands innovative approaches to achieving behavior change. Primary care physicians are in an ideal position for offering such interventions. Purpose: To evaluate whether training of primary care physicians in counseling skills based on the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) leads to motivational and behavioral changes in their patients. Method: Seventy-four primary care physicians in Germany were randomly assigned to either an intervention condition (one day of training in TTM-based counseling plus brochures matched to their patients' ''stages of change'') or a control condition (usual care). Baseline and 12-month follow-up data were collected from 305 of their patients who signed up for a health check-up. Outcome measure: Patients' movements across the stages of change for smoking, diet, exercise and stress management. Results: After 12 months, patients of physicians in the intervention group did not show more movement through the stages of change for any of the behaviors than did patients of control physicians. Additionally, there were no differences between groups in counseling frequency, counseling intensity, or patient satisfaction with counseling. Conclusions: A high dropout rate at follow-up and resulting ''power'' problems limit the possible conclusions. The high numbers of patients in early stages of change and the minimal improvement over time underline the need for improving motivational counseling skills of primary care physicians in Germany. In our study the dissemination of these strategies failed. We offer lessons we feel can be learned from this outcome. Further studies should focus on ways to enhance the process of educating physicians for implementing counseling strategies in primary care settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
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35. Improving Physical Activity and Metabolic Syndrome Indicators in Women: A Transtheoretical Model-Based Intervention
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Fazllolah Ghofranipour, Awat Feizi, Firoozeh Mostafavi, and Asiyeh Pirzadeh
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,stage of change ,lcsh:Medicine ,physical activity ,metabolic syndrome ,transtheoretical ,Intervention (counseling) ,Medicine ,Abdominal obesity ,Decisional balance ,Self-efficacy ,business.industry ,self -efficacy ,lcsh:R ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Transtheoretical model ,Repeated measures design ,medicine.disease ,Physical activity level ,process of change ,Physical therapy ,Original Article ,Artificial intelligence ,Analysis of variance ,Metabolic syndrome ,medicine.symptom ,business ,self-efficacy - Abstract
Background: This study aimed at investigating the impact of an educational intervention based on transtheoretical model to increase physical activity and improve metabolic syndrome indicators in women. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 142 women with metabolic syndrome were randomly assigned to the case and control group (each group 71 participants). SECQ (Marcus), processes of change (Marcus), decisional balance (Bandura) and self-efficacy (Nigg) questionnaires and International Physical Activities Standard Questionnaire in preintervention, 3 and 6 months after intervention were completed. Furthermore, abdominal obesity, triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were measured. Physical activity intervention based on transtheoretical model (TTM) was performed in the case group. Finally, data were analyzed by SPSS (16) (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) and repeated measure ANOVA, independent t-test and Freidman was used. A two-tailed P value, lower than 0.05, was considered to be statistically significant. Results: After the intervention, physical activity level increased in the intervention group, and they also progressed in stages of change, but the people in the control group had regressed. All changes in TTM constructs were significant in the intervention group during the time and differences in pros and cons were not significant in the control group. Abdominal obesity and TG has significantly reduced, and HDL has increased in the intervention group. In the control group, there was a significant increase in TGs and a decrease in HDL. Conclusions: Physical activity training based on TTM can improve physical activity and metabolic syndrome indicators in women.
- Published
- 2015
36. Initiation, maintenance and cessation of physical activity among overweight individuals : interest of the transtheoretical approach
- Author
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Romain, Ahmed Jérôme, Dynamique des capacités humaines et des conduites de santé ( EPSYLON ), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 ( UM3 ) -Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -Université Montpellier 1 ( UM1 ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ), Université Montpellier I, Christophe Gernigon, Antoine Avignon, Dynamique des capacités humaines et des conduites de santé (EPSYLON), and Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)
- Subjects
Activité physique ,Transtheoretical ,Behavior change ,Adherence ,Physical activity ,[ SDV.MHEP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology ,Obesity ,Obesité ,Changement de comportement ,Transthéorique ,[SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology ,Adhésion - Abstract
While physical activity (PA) is recommended to persons with overweight, many of them do not or do not have the willingness to practice it (Kearney et al., 1999). Through the theories of motivation, the transtheoretical model developed by Prochaska and DiClemente (1983) is an integrative approach which allow to take into account for the change in behavior, particularly with regard to PA (Farmanbar et al., 2012). Based on this approach, the present thesis aimed to understand the mechanisms related to the adoption and cessation of PA. A first study whose purpose was to validate a questionnaire of processes of behavior change revealed a five-factor factorial structure, invariant among sex, and predictive of the PA behavior. A second study showed that, after a one-week intervention designed to improve the management of the overweight, some processes identified by the questionnaire were involved in behavior change regarding PA. Thus, one year after the intervention, three processes were activated among participants that having adopted or maintained their PA: processes of helping relationship, consciousness raising and self-reevaluation/ reinforcement management / self-liberation. A third study sought to examine the relationships between some motivational (self-efficacy, basic psychological need, motivational regulations), affective (perceived pleasure), of eating behavior (cognitive restraint) and physiological (glucodependence, maximal lipid oxidation) variables and the cessation of a program of PA. Then, a fourth study aimed to examine the dynamic of these same motivational, affective and behavioral variables during a training program of seven weeks which aim to active some processes of change. Increases in self-efficacy expectations, identified and intrinsic regulations, perceived pleasure were observed.; Alors que l'activité physique (AP) est fortement recommandée pour les personnes en surcharge pondérale, beaucoup d'entre elles n'en pratiquent pas ou ne désirent pas en pratiquer (Kearney et al., 1999). Parmi les théories de la motivation, l'approche transthéorique développée par Prochaska et DiClemente (1983) est une approche intégrative qui permet de rendre compte du changement de comportement, notamment à l'égard de l'AP (Farmanbar et al., 2012). Basée sur cette approche, la présente thèse visait à comprendre les mécanismes liés à l'adoption et à l'arrêt d'une AP. Une première étude dont l'objet était de valider un questionnaire de mesure des processus de changement de comportement a révélé une structure factorielle en cinq facteurs invariante d'un sexe à l'autre et prédictrice du niveau d'AP des sujets. Une seconde étude a montré qu'à la suite d'une intervention d'une semaine destinée à améliorer la gestion de la surcharge pondérale, certains processus identifiés par le questionnaire créé étaient impliqués dans le changement de comportement à l'égard de l'AP. Ainsi, un an après l'intervention, trois processus de changement étaient activés chez les participants ayant adopté ou maintenu leur AP: les processus de relations d'aide, de prise de conscience et d'auto-réévaluation/ gestion des renforcements / auto-libération. Une troisième étude visait à examiner les relations entre certaines variables motivationnelles (attentes d'auto-efficacité, satisfaction des besoins psychologiques, régulations motivationnelles), affectives (plaisir perçu), de comportement alimentaire (restriction cognitive) et physiologiques (gluco-dépendance à l'effort, point maximal d'oxydation des lipides) et l'arrêt d'un programme d'AP. Cet arrêt s'est avéré lié aux attentes d'auto-efficacité, à l'amotivation, à la régulation introjectée et à la gluco-dépendance à l'effort. Enfin, une quatrième étude avait pour objet d'examiner la dynamique de ces mêmes variables motivationnelles, affectives et comportementales au cours d'un programme de réentrainement de sept semaines destiné notamment à activer des processus de changement. Des élévations des niveaux d'attente d'auto-efficacité, de régulations identifiée et intrinsèque et de plaisir perçu dans l'AP ont été observées. Ce travail doctoral a donc permis de montrer qu'une approche transthéorique permet de mieux comprendre les comportements liés à l'AP.
- Published
- 2013
37. Psychologists’ dilemmas in career counselling practice
- Author
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Maria do Céu Taveira, Constança Biscaia, Paulo Cardoso, maria teresa b. c. s. g. dos santos, Springer Science, and Universidade do Minho
- Subjects
Visual Arts and Performing Arts ,Dilemmas ,05 social sciences ,Career counselling ,Social Sciences ,Education ,Dilemmas Transtheoretical ,050106 general psychology & cognitive sciences ,Transtheoretical ,0502 economics and business ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Psychology ,Humanities ,Social psychology ,050203 business & management ,Career counseling ,Qualitative research - Abstract
In this study, we explored main dilemmas psychologists face in career counselling in two main professional settings: employment and education. Participants included 24 experienced Portuguese psychologists, working in employment (n = 14) and educational (n = 10) settings. We used consensual qualitative research to conduct and analyse semi-structured interviews. Results revealed dilemmas’ in five domains: neutrality, assessment, dual loyalty, role boundaries, and confidentiality, with the typical dilemma in the domain of neutrality. Differences between groups were found in the domains of dual loyalty and role boundaries., Dans cette étude, nous avons exploré les principaux dilemmes rencontrés par les psychologues dans le conseil en orientation dans deux milieux professionnels centraux: le placement et l’éducation. Parmi les participants figuraient 24 psychologues portugais expérimentés travaillant dans des contextes de placement (n = 14) et d’éducation (n = 10). Nous avons utilisé la recherche qualitative consensuelle pour mener et analyser les entretiens semi-structurés. Les re´sultats ont révé lé des dilemmes dans cinq domaines: la neutralité, l’évaluation, la double loyauté, les limites du rôle, et la confidentialité, avec le dilemme typique dans le domaine de la neutralité. Les différences entre les groupes ont été identifiees dans les domaines de la double loyauté et les limites du rôle., In dieser Studie untersuchten wir die hauptsä chlichen Dilemmata, mit denen Psychologen in der Berufsberatung in zwei wesentlichen professionellen Einrichtungen konfrontiert sind: Beruf und Bildung. Zu den Teilnehmern geho ¨rten 24 erfahrene portugiesische Psychologen, die in Einrichtungen von Beruf (n = 14) und Bildung (n = 10) arbeiteten. Wir verwendeten einvernehmliche qualitative Forschung um semi-strukturierte Interviews durchzufu¨hren und zu analysieren. Die Ergebnisse zeigten Dilemmata in fünf Bereichen: Neutralität, Beurteilung, doppelte Loyalität, Rollengrenzen und Vertraulichkeit, mit dem typischen Dilemma in der Domäne der Neutralität. Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen wurden in den Bereichen der doppelten Loyalität und Rollengrenzen gefunden.
- Published
- 2012
38. THE ROLE OF TEMPTATION AND SELF-EFFICACY AS PREDICTORS OF RELAPSE SEVERITY IN POSTTREATMENT ALCOHOLICS
- Author
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Holmgren, Meredith Anne
- Subjects
Psychology, Clinical (0622) ,Transtheoretical ,Psychology, Cognitive (0633) ,Health Sciences, Mental Health (0347) ,Temptation ,MATCH ,Relapse ,Alcohol ,Self-efficacy - Abstract
Relapse is a critical event in the cessation of all addictive behaviors, and is important in the process of changing alcohol consumption. Temptation and self-efficacy have been identified as important predictors of relapse. Additionally, the relationship between temptation and self-efficacy has been a predictor of outcome (Project MATCH, 1997). Relapse vulnerability (RV) is a measure of the relationship between temptation to drink and self-efficacy to abstain. This study examined whether end-of-treatment RV (temptation minus confidence) predicted three dimensions of relapse severity: time to first drink, amount of drinks on first drinking day, and duration of drinking during the first week. Data were analyzed from Project MATCH, a multi-site treatment study designed to reduce alcohol consumption in alcohol dependent participants. Relapse vulnerability at end-of-treatment was related to all three relapse severity dimensions during the follow-up period. Additionally, end-of-treatment subscale scores of relapse vulnerability differentially predicted relapse severity, with social/positive relapse vulnerability predicting time to first drink, negative affect relapse vulnerability predicting amount of drinks on first drinking day, and withdrawal/urges relapse vulnerability predicting duration of drinking during the first week. Results suggest that posttreatment measurement of the discrepancy between temptation and self-efficacy is a sensitive predictor of various dimensions of relapse severity.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. A critical analysis of the utility and compatibility of motivation theories in psychiatric treatment
- Author
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Jochems, E.C. (Eline), Mulder, C.L. (Niels), Dam, A. (Arno) van, Duivenvoorden, H.J. (Hugo), Jochems, E.C. (Eline), Mulder, C.L. (Niels), Dam, A. (Arno) van, and Duivenvoorden, H.J. (Hugo)
- Abstract
The TransTheoretical Model (TTM), Self-Determination Theory (SDT), and the Integral Model of Treatment Motivation (IM) provide distinct but not incompatible conceptualisations of motivation. We discuss the utility of these theories as a basis for the improvement of psychiatric treatment engagement and treatment outcomes in patients with severe mental illness. It appears that all three theories have gained support for their predictions of outcomes in patients with severe mental illness, but important questions remain unanswered, such as which of these theories provides the best prediction of treatment engagement and treatment outcomes. We explain how these three theories could complete each other, based on their strong and unique assets. It is imperative that the theories are empirically tested and compared to confirm their utility, and to this end we propose several important research questions that should be addressed in future research. Theory comparisons can advance what is currently known about intrapersonal changes and interpersonal differences in treatment engagement and outcomes in severely mentally ill patients.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. El modelo de adopción de precauciones en programas de promoción de comportamientos prosociales
- Author
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Álvarez Domínguez, Leonardo and Grupo de Investigación en Calidad de Vida y Salud Pública
- Subjects
Reasoned action ,Social values ,Cognitive-social ,Conducta social ,Valores sociales ,Psicología ,Acción razonada ,Cognoscitivo-sociales ,Transtheoretical ,Sociology ,Prosocial behavior ,Psychology ,Social behavior ,Sociología ,Transteórico ,Comportamiento prosocial - Abstract
El presente artículo conceptualiza desde el modelo de adopción de precauciones, el fenómeno psicológico de la adquisión de comportamientos prosocilaes. This article conceptualizes from the model of adoption of precautions, the psychological phenomenon of the acquisition of prosocular behaviors.
- Published
- 2006
41. EXAMINING CLIENT MOTIVATION AND COUNSELING OUTCOME
- Author
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Ilagan, Guy
- Subjects
- College student, Counseling, Mental Health, Motivation, transtheoretical, university, Higher Education Administration
- Abstract
University mental health clinics have experienced a marked increase in demand for services without an increase in resources to meet the rising demand. Consequently, university mental health centers need strategies to determine the best allocation of their limited resources. Transtheoretical Model, based on client motivation, may offer valuable insight into whether a university student is likely to benefit from campus mental health counseling. The subjects included 331 university students at a liberal arts, public university in the Southeastern part of the United States. The subjects consisted of all students over age 18 who visited the research site campus mental health clinic 3 - 7 times during academic years 2007/2008 and 2008/2009. The majority of subjects were female (n = 229, 69.2%). Caucasians comprised 79.5% of subjects (n = 263). The next largest group was Asian Americans (n = 24, 7.3%), followed by African American students (n = 14, 4.2%), and Hispanic Americans (n = 5, 1.5%). The greatest percentage of subjects (55.6%) received counseling from a supervised graduate intern (n = 184), while 44.4% received counseling from professional staff (n = 147). The investigator conducted a quantitative study that employed a five-group, pre-test-post-test design. The study included data from intake questionnaires gathered in the course of treatment at the research site. The study had one independent variable, client motivation as measured by a yet unstudied 'five-item stages of change scale'. The investigator measured the primary dependent variable, counseling outcome, by determining the difference in scores from pre- and post-test administrations of the Outcome Questionnaire 45.2 (OQ45.2). As assigned by the 'five-item stages of change scale', the five motivation groups differed significantly (p = .004.) for counseling outcome. The groups also differed significantly (p The 'five-item stages of change scale' may be a useful indicator of initial client motivation. With further study, the instrument may prove to be a useful strategy for allocating limited counseling sessions.
- Published
- 2009
42. Predictors for participation in a cardiac rehabilitation program feasibility study.
- Author
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Krisko-Hagel, Kathryn Ann
- Subjects
- Cardiac, Pilot, Rehabilitation, Transtheoretical, Nursing
- Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Feasibility study, to explore whether stage of readiness, level of selfefficacy, or perceived benefits/barriers to begin a cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program post cardiac event are associated with the length of time individuals will participate in a Phase II CR program. BACKGROUND: “Stages of Behavior Change” from the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) of Health Behavior. Self-efficacy is one of the constructs of the TTM. Perceived benefits and barriers apply to an individual’s belief system regarding a needed course of action. AIMS: To generate an effect size for: (1) possible association between stage of readiness; (2) level of self-efficacy; and (3) perceived benefits or barriers related to CR post cardiac event and their possible association with meeting CR goals and/or length of time in the program. DESIGN AND METHOD: Prospective correlational design using a convenience sample of men and women having experienced a cardiac event who have received a physician’s order to attend a Phase II CR program. PROCEDURE: The sample was taken from one CR center located in one tertiary care center. Data were collected over a two-month period of time. FINDINGS: A significant association was found between the level of self-efficacy to begin CR and the percentage of CR goals met and a moderate association noted between the level of self-efficacy to begin CR and length of time in the program. CONCLUSIONS: The higher the self-efficacy, the more likely individuals were to remain in CR. Other variables discovered to be of interest were perceived health before the cardiac event, perceived health "now," and perceived health in six months time. IMPLICATIONS: Accurate nursing assessments could help change adverse outcomes by identifying those at risk of not completing CR. Interventions by the nurse through encouragement (to help raise level of self-efficacy of the individual and through family teaching) could help improve completion outcomes.
- Published
- 2009
43. Application of the transtheoretical model to research on factory workers use of hearing protection.
- Author
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Raymond, Delbert M., III
- Subjects
- Application, Factory Workers, Hearing Loss, Hearing Protection, Model, Research, Transtheoretical, Use
- Abstract
In the United States the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH, 1996) estimated that more than 30 million workers are exposed to harmful levels of noise on the job, making noise one of the most prevalent occupational health hazards. Use of hearing protection devices (HPDs), as a behavior control method, becomes necessary when worker noise exposure remains at unsafe levels. Past studies of HPD use have demonstrated that worker HPD utilization is below what is required to protect workers (Lusk, Kerr, Ronis, & Eakin, 1999). To prevent noise induced hearing loss it is essential that workers increase their use of HPDs. The specific aims of this project were (a) to evaluate the utility of the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) for staging the behavior of use of hearing protection in factory workers, and (b) to test the TTM suppositions as applied to factory workers' stages of hearing protection use. This project was a secondary analysis of previously collected data from the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Nursing Research funded research project, Grant number 2R01NR0250, principal investigator Dr. Sally L. Lusk, titled Test of Interventions to Prevent Workers' Hearing Loss. Conceptual links between the original project's framework and the TTM were theorized to support the statistical analyses performed. The findings supported the presence of distinct HPD use stages. Significant differences were found in measures of Social Norms, Social Models, Interpersonal Support, Perceived Barriers, Perceived Benefits, and Self-efficacy by stages of BPD use. These differences were in the theoretically expected directions, consistent with hypotheses based on the TTM. Alternative outcome measurement methods including percent change, dichotomous (goal met versus not met), and changes in stage were examined. The stage change analyses provided a more detailed picture of changes in HPD use following interventions. These findings supported the TTM as a useful heuristic perspective on behavioral change applied to factory workers' use of HPDs. Considering implications for future research, the findings suggest that the TTM offers a meaningful framework for designing future interventions tailored to the TTM stages.
- Published
- 2004
44. The application of the transtheoretical model to exercise behavior during pregnancy.
- Author
-
Steele, Nancy May
- Subjects
- Application, Behavior, Exercise, Model, Pregnancy, Self-efficacy, Transtheoretical
- Abstract
This study investigated the application of the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change (TTM) including the stages of exercise, exercise self-efficacy, and decisional balance (pros and cons) for exercise in a group of low risk pregnant women (N = 195). Data were collected using stage of exercise, exercise self-efficacy, and decisional balance measures that were modified for a pregnant population. The reliability for the modified measures was established. Findings suggested that low risk pregnant women who adopt and maintain exercise are more likely to have higher self-efficacy, pros, and decisional balance scores and lower cons scores for exercise. In addition, stage of exercise prior to pregnancy is related to stage of exercise during pregnancy. There were significantly more college-educated women in the later stages of exercise (Action and Maintenance). Study results have important implications for healthcare providers in research, theory development, and practice. The TTM may provide a theoretical framework for understanding determinants for exercise, improving the efficacy of exercise promotion interventions, and designing and implementing stage specific change strategies in low risk pregnant women. Successful interventions would increase the adoption and maintenance of exercise behavior in pregnant women, which could lead to the development of a healthy lifestyle habit across the life span.
- Published
- 2002
45. The balancing point: understanding uptake of advance directive forms in a rural Australian community.
- Author
-
Sinclair C, Auret KA, and Burgess A
- Subjects
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Attitude to Death, Awareness, Female, Homes for the Aged, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Male, Middle Aged, Nursing Homes, Patient Compliance psychology, Western Australia, Advance Directives legislation & jurisprudence, Advance Directives psychology, Patient Acceptance of Health Care psychology, Rural Population
- Abstract
Objectives: The study was conducted in Western Australia, focusing on the attitudes of older, rural, non-hospitalised people towards newly legislated advance care planning (ACP) documents. This study explored baseline awareness and perception of advance directive (AD) forms and factors relevant to their utilisation, using the transtheoretical model as a theoretical framework., Methods: Sixty-two adults were recruited from residential aged care facilities, community care organisations, general practice, an oncology service and a law firm. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken. These were transcribed and thematically analysed by the authors., Results: Participants gave responses that were consistent with different stages of the transtheoretical model. Perceived susceptibility to the negative consequences of not engaging in AD form utilisation was a trigger for further contemplation. The presence of adequate personal empowerment was important for successful completion of AD forms. There was also qualitative evidence of a negative relationship between perceived susceptibility and empowerment regarding AD form utilisation., Conclusions: Promoting balance between a person's perceived susceptibility and empowerment may be an effective method of increasing engagement with AD forms.
- Published
- 2013
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