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Since there is no available vaccination for a contagious disease like HIV/AIDS, utilizing fractional order modeling in awareness, diagnosis, treatment, and control theory can be an effective method to prevent the spread of the disease. Consequently, we developed a novel mathematical model within a Caputo fractional framework to analyze the patterns of HIV/AIDS disease transmission. To make the unaware susceptibles aware, media-based global awareness and word-of-mouth communication based local awareness, together with psychological anxiety about infection among these conscious susceptibles, are incorporated here. Diagnosis process is taken into account to diagnosis the asymptomatic individuals to identify the AIDS and HIV symptomatic population. The local awareness and diagnosis rates are assumed dynamic, which are proportional to the aware, infectious and population under treatment. Taking advantage of the generalized mean value theorem, we first ensure the positivity, then applying the Mittag-Leffler function's property, we show the biologically feasible region, and finally the solution's existence and uniqueness are given by utilizing the Banach fixed point theorem. We present only local stability around the disease-free equilibrium point. Next local and global stabilities around the disease persistent equilibrium point-based are exhibited using the basic reproduction number ( R 0 ). The direction of transcritical bifurcation is illustrated analytically using the unit epidemic edge. In order to identify the most important parameter(s) for our defined epidemic model, which are embedded in R 0 , a quantitative assessment is conducted on R 0 . To achieve the population dynamics's trends, a numerical experiment is conducted here. During and after transition phases, we impose a strive for understanding the behavior of the order and kernel of the fractional derivative on the system's dynamics and in the prevention of disease transmission. Based on the fractional optimal control theory, it is demonstrated that HIV/AIDS can be mathematically eradicated with the intervention strategies, namely, enhanced awareness, diagnosis and treatment. Fractional derivatives serve a crucial role in preventing the propagation of the disease and have a significant impact on the system's dynamics during the transition period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compound-wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are highly valued for their performance. However, during the transition from vertical take-off to the cruise phase, the rotor wake can be coupled with the fixed wing. In this study, the aerodynamic effects of a DJI 9450 rotor on a NACA2415 fixed wing during transition were investigated using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The rotor-to-wing distances (R/L = 0.25, 0.5, and 0.9) were varied to analyze their impact on aerodynamic performance. The results show that increasing the distance between the front rotor and the fixed wing enhances the lift and drag of the fixed wing, while increasing the distance between the rear rotor and the fixed wing decreases the lift and drag of the fixed wing. During the rotor's rotation, the fluctuation in the lift and drag of the fixed wing changes periodically due to the rotor wake, and the smaller the distance between the rotor and the fixed wing, the larger the fluctuation. When R/L = 0.25, the fluctuation of the fixed wing is minimized. Compound-wing UAVs with rotors mounted at R/L = 0.25 during the design stage can improve the flight stability during the transition phase in UAVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Introduction An intriguing aspect that emerged in recent years is the transition phase from psoriasis (PsO) to psoriatic arthritis (PsA). The PRESTO instrument allows estimating a patient’s risk of developing PsA based on a few clinical items. The aim of this study was to apply and evaluate the performance of the PRESTO tool in a cohort of patients with PsO. Methods Consecutive patients with PsO were enrolled. Dermatological and rheumatological assessment was carried out in order to evaluate clinical features of PsO, to exclude the diagnosis of PsA, and to administer the PRESTO tool. Results Between January 1, 2024 and April 1, 2024, 100 patients were assessed. Eight-four patients found the questionnaire to be very useful and easy. The estimated risk (median/IQR) of 1-year progression to PsA found in our group was 2.45% at 1 year (1.1–4). Conclusions The PRESTO instrument was feasible and well accepted by patients. The 1-year risk assessed by PRESTO tools is consistent with other reports in the literature.

Introduction: An intriguing aspect that emerged in recent years is the transition phase from psoriasis (PsO) to psoriatic arthritis (PsA). The PRESTO instrument allows estimating a patient's risk of developing PsA based on a few clinical items. The aim of this study was to apply and evaluate the performance of the PRESTO tool in a cohort of patients with PsO. Methods: Consecutive patients with PsO were enrolled. Dermatological and rheumatological assessment was carried out in order to evaluate clinical features of PsO, to exclude the diagnosis of PsA, and to administer the PRESTO tool. Results: Between January 1, 2024 and April 1, 2024, 100 patients were assessed. Eight-four patients found the questionnaire to be very useful and easy. The estimated risk (median/IQR) of 1-year progression to PsA found in our group was 2.45% at 1 year (1.1–4). Conclusions: The PRESTO instrument was feasible and well accepted by patients. The 1-year risk assessed by PRESTO tools is consistent with other reports in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A data-driven aerodynamic modeling method is proposed to address the problem that traditional modeling methods based on physical mechanisms cannot fully represent the special aerodynamic characteristics of tiltrotor evtol aircraft. By analyzing the uniquely complex aerodynamic characteristics of electric vertical take-off and landing (evtol) aircraft, an MLP neural network model has been constructed that reflects the coupling characteristics between influencing factors. Using the XV15 wind tunnel test data, a dataset was constructed, and the neural network model was trained and validated. Simulation results show that the selected data-driven method can accurately predict the aerodynamic characteristics of the longitudinal transition phase of the tiltrotor evtol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compound-wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are highly valued for their performance. However, during the transition from vertical take-off to the cruise phase, the rotor wake can be coupled with the fixed wing. In this study, the aerodynamic effects of a DJI 9450 rotor on a NACA2415 fixed wing during transition were investigated using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The rotor-to-wing distances (R/L = 0.25, 0.5, and 0.9) were varied to analyze their impact on aerodynamic performance. The results show that increasing the distance between the front rotor and the fixed wing enhances the lift and drag of the fixed wing, while increasing the distance between the rear rotor and the fixed wing decreases the lift and drag of the fixed wing. During the rotor’s rotation, the fluctuation in the lift and drag of the fixed wing changes periodically due to the rotor wake, and the smaller the distance between the rotor and the fixed wing, the larger the fluctuation. When R/L = 0.25, the fluctuation of the fixed wing is minimized. Compound-wing UAVs with rotors mounted at R/L = 0.25 during the design stage can improve the flight stability during the transition phase in UAVs.

This paper proposes a soft switching mode for electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) compound-wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to achieve a smooth transition between modes. The proposed mode pre-compensates the lift loss with the rotary wing during the deceleration stage before UAV landing. The control law adopted in this paper consists of implicit nonlinear dynamic inversion (NDI) and incremental nonlinear dynamic inversion (INDI). The outer loop (attitude angle loop) control law is based on implicit NDI, while the inner loop (attitude angle rate loop) controller is based on INDI. An extended state observer (ESO) is employed to estimate the angular acceleration. This paper innovates by proposing a soft switching strategy that improves the robustness, safety, and smoothness of the transition for the compound-wing UAV, and applying advanced control law to mode transition design. For the future application of eVTOL aircraft in UAM scenarios, this paper evaluates the smoothness of transition and passenger comfort using normal overload as a physical quantity. The Monte Carlo (MC) simulation results demonstrate that the proposed mode can reduce the peak normal overload by about 89%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A data-driven aerodynamic modeling method is proposed to address the problem that traditional modeling methods based on physical mechanisms cannot fully represent the special aerodynamic characteristics of tiltrotor evtol aircraft. By analyzing the uniquely complex aerodynamic characteristics of electric vertical take-off and landing (evtol) aircraft, an MLP neural network model has been constructed that reflects the coupling characteristics between influencing factors. Using the XV15 wind tunnel test data, a dataset was constructed, and the neural network model was trained and validated. Simulation results show that the selected data-driven method can accurately predict the aerodynamic characteristics of the longitudinal transition phase of the tiltrotor evtol.

Aim: A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the available literature to ascertain the oral health characteristics of patients living with intellectual disability when they transfer from pediatric dental service to adult dental service. Material and methods: The electronic search was performed between June 2020 and July 2020 using the following databases: MEDLINE and EMBASE. Cochrane database, gray literature, and Google Scholar were also searched. References of articles obtained from the electronic searches were scanned through. Journals and regulation agency websites were also hand searched. This systematic review used a defined search strategy keywords for all the electronic databases. The strength of evidence in these studies was evaluated using the British Medical Journal quality assessment tool. Results: The search process identified 45 eligible articles. Of these, 35 studies were excluded, and 10 observational studies were included. Conclusion: It seems that a considerable percentage of patients living with intellectual disability in their transition phase, aged between 18 and 25 years, have a high prevalence of dental caries, gingivitis, and periodontal disease when compared to the general population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Minimal risk maneuvers (MRMs), as part of highly automated systems, aim at minimizing the risk during a transition phase from automated to manual driving. Previous studies show that many drivers have an urge to intervene in transition phases despite the system's capability to safely come to a standstill. A human–machine interface (HMI) concept was developed to support driver decisions by providing environmental information and action recommendations. This was investigated in a static driving simulator experiment with 36 participants. Two scenarios that differed in the traffic on the adjacent left lane were implemented and the HMI concept displayed the content accordingly. Results of the study again show a high intervention rate of drivers overtaking the obstacle from the left, even if the lane is occupied by other vehicles. The HMI concept had a positive influence on the manner of intervention by encouraging a standstill in the shoulder lane. Nevertheless, negative consequences included accidents and dangerous situations, but at lower frequencies and proportions during drives with the HMI concept. In conclusion, the risk during the transition phase was reduced. Furthermore, the results showed a significant decrease in the subjective workload and a positive influence on the drivers' understanding and predictability of the automated system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The main growth hormone action is to promote linear growth increasing protein synthesis stimulation and osteoblastic activity. Peak bone mass extends from adolescence to 30 years of age. Several factors may influence this acquisition and prevent fracture risk in adulthood, such as genetic potential, GH, ethnicity, and lifestyle factors. This study aims to compare bone mass and osteometabolic profile of white and Afro-descendant Brazilian adolescents in the transition phase, who were treated with human recombinant growth hormone in childhood. Methods: The authors selected 38 adolescents from the Transition Outpatient Clinic of the University of São Paulo. Lumbar spine and total body bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC), serum calcium, 25-OH-vitamin D and bone markers were analyzed at the rhGH withdrawal. Results: The mean age was 16.8 ± 1.6 years. There were 21 Afro-descendant and 17 whites. Thirty-four percent of the sample presented vitamin D insufficiency, 66% inadequate calcium intake and 44.7% physical inactivity. The Afro-descendants showed a lower lumbar spine and total body Z scores than those of the whites (p = 0.04 and p = 0.03, respectively), as well as their mean body weight (p = 0.03). There were no differences in the remaining osteometabolic parameters. Conclusion: As most adolescents had vitamin D insufficiency, low calcium intake, and physical inactivity, calcium, and cholecalciferol supplementation and lifestyle changes should be encouraged. The Brazilian Afro-descendant may be a vulnerable group for low bone mass, requiring special strategies to increase bone accrual and body weight. More studies are necessary to compare ethnic differences in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Olympic sailing is a complex sport where sailors are required to predict and interpret weather conditions while facing high physical and physiological demands. While it is essential for sailors to develop physical and physiological capabilities toward major competition, monitoring training status following the competition is equally important to minimize the magnitude of detraining and facilitate retraining. Despite its long history in the modern Olympics, reports on world‐class sailors' training status and performance characteristics across different periodization phases are currently lacking. This case study aimed to determine the influence of training cessation and subsequent retraining on performance parameters in a world‐class female sailor. A 31‐year old female sailor, seventh in the Women's Sailing 470 medal race in Tokyo 2020, completely stopped training for 4 weeks following the Olympics, and resumed low‐intensity training for 3 weeks. Over these 7 weeks, 12.7 and 5.3% reductions were observed in 6 s peak cycling power output and jump height, respectively, with a 4.7% decrease in maximal aerobic power output. Seven weeks of training cessation‐retraining period induced clear reductions in explosive power production capacities but less prominent decreases in aerobic capacity. The current findings are likely attributed to the sailor's training characteristics during the retraining period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elastic and optical properties of strontium chalcogenides SrX (X = Se and Te) were studied under hydrostatic pressure using the flat wave method (PP-PW) implemented in the CASTEP code. The main parameter carried out was the pressure impact at ambient conditions. Indeed, under high pressures, both compounds have undergone a structural phase transition from B1 to B2 phases at ∼15.5 GPa and ∼12 GPa, respectively. Results also showed that in the B2 phase, the two postulated compounds have changed their electronic nature to become metals at metallic pressures equal to ∼16.8 GPa (SrSe) and ∼17.7 GPa (SrTe). Also, the elastic properties were calculated at different pressure values in NaCl and CsCl structures, including their elastic constants as a function of pressure for SrSe and SrTe. Their optical properties were also computed from the spectral data obtained through their dielectric function, refractive index (2.1, 2.3) and others in the visible range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Defining the self-diagnosed onset of early labour from a primipara's point of view. • First observational study on the interrelations among labour onset symptoms. • Regular pain was positively associated with a self-diagnosed labour onset. • Regular pain may signal primiparas to self-diagnose labour onset within 24 h. • Showing the degree of certainty about labour onset as perceived by primiparas. The early recognition of possible labour onset symptoms may be pivotal to identifying the beginning of early labour and are usually recognised by the birthing women themselves. The present study illustrates the interrelationship among five labour-onset symptoms and explores the association of these labour-onset symptoms with the self-diagnosed labour onset of primiparas. A prospective cohort study on a sample of 69 primigravida in Giessen, Germany, expecting spontaneous onset of labour at term. The participants filled in a diary from ≥37 + 0 weeks gestation until self-diagnosed labour onset. Descriptive, bivariate and inferential analysis explored association of labour onset symptoms with self-diagnosed labour onset while accounting for maternal and newborn characteristics. Self-diagnosed labour onset was positively associated with all symptoms and clinical characteristics, apart from irregular pain and maternal weight and age. Moreover, regular pain was negatively correlated with irregular pain; having regular pain increased the odds of self-diagnosed labour onset substantially (OR: 10.18, 95 % CI: 2.39–66.27), followed by gastrointestinal symptoms (OR: 2.07, 95 % CI: 0.40–13.10) and emotional symptoms (OR: 2.05, 95% CI: 0.30–13.98). Being the initiator of intrapartum care without any birth experience, primiparas are prone to experiencing dissatisfaction in care and may enter professional care too late or too early. The present study showed that regular pain may signify primiparas to self-diagnose labour onset within 24 h and indicate early labour symptoms that may be relevant for a self-diagnosed labour onset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rare earth element Ce has a positive purifying effect on Fe and Si impurities in pure aluminum. In this study, we unveiled the mechanism of Ce purification of Fe and Si impurities in commercial pure aluminum at the atomic scale via utilizing the properties of TiCN nanoparticles, which exhibit distribution along grain boundaries and impede solute atom diffusion at specific cooling rates. The transition phase L1 2 -Al 3 Ce was characterized in aluminum, which is considered to be an important transition phase to purified products. Furthermore, High Angle Dark Field Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (HADDF-STEM) and 3D Atom Probe Tomography (3D-APT) results showed that Ce could respectively enrich the Fe and Si impurities, resulting in the formation of Al-Ce-Fe and Al-Ce-Si clusters. Density functional theory (DFT) results indicated that Fe and Si atoms can incorporate into L1 2 -Al 3 Ce crystal, forming more stable structures and therefore giving rise to the formation of Al-Ce-Si and Al-Ce-Fe nanoclusters. This study provides atomic-scale insights into the mechanism of Ce purifying Fe and Si impurities in aluminum. [Display omitted] • The underlying mechanism of Ce's purification ability was unveiled at the atomic scale for the first time. • The transition phase L1 2 -Al 3 Ce was characterized in aluminum, which is considered to be an important transition phase. • HADDF-STEM and 3D-APT results showed that Ce could respectively enrich the Fe and Si impurities to form clusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a soft switching mode for electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) compound-wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to achieve a smooth transition between modes. The proposed mode pre-compensates the lift loss with the rotary wing during the deceleration stage before UAV landing. The control law adopted in this paper consists of implicit nonlinear dynamic inversion (NDI) and incremental nonlinear dynamic inversion (INDI). The outer loop (attitude angle loop) control law is based on implicit NDI, while the inner loop (attitude angle rate loop) controller is based on INDI. An extended state observer (ESO) is employed to estimate the angular acceleration. This paper innovates by proposing a soft switching strategy that improves the robustness, safety, and smoothness of the transition for the compound-wing UAV, and applying advanced control law to mode transition design. For the future application of eVTOL aircraft in UAM scenarios, this paper evaluates the smoothness of transition and passenger comfort using normal overload as a physical quantity. The Monte Carlo (MC) simulation results demonstrate that the proposed mode can reduce the peak normal overload by about 89%.

Multiteam digital creativity (MTDC) is a new domain of creativity study that fits the new developments of the digital era, thus scholars have called for exploring MTDC in the fine-graining phase. This paper responds to this call, and adopts two studies and cross-validation analysis to explore the theoretical framework of the impact factors of MTDC in the transition phase. Study 1 adopts the qualitative analysis method of rooted theory to explore a more comprehensive impact factor and to maximize the new theory’s saturation. Study 2 adopts the CL-WG DEMATEL method, one analysis method of group decision-making and optimized concept lattice, which could cross-validation analyze the results of Study 1 and further determine the importance of the factors. The results of the studies indicate that the influencing factors of MTDC are multilevel, and the factors such as the organizational digital climate, team psychological empowerment, individual digital cognition and emotion, and leadership competence have greater impacts on MTDC. This indicates that the transition phase has a unique internal mechanism. This paper constructs a theoretical framework of factors influencing MTDC in the transition phase and provides new theoretical and practical references for how organizations could fully stimulate MTDC in the digital era. In addition, the cross-validated analytical method further enriches the study tools in the domain of organizational behavior.

During shoot apex development, the plants undergo a very complex transition phase of flowering for successful reproduction, seed/cone setting and fruit development. The conversion of vegetative shoot meristems to floral meristems depends upon numerous endogenous, exogenous factors and flowering genes for the development of floral parts. The perennial crops suffer from the limitation of the innate ability to keep some meristems in the vegetative state for the polycarpic growth habit leading to the long juvenile phase. Conventional breeding approaches viz. selection of early flowering parental lines, flower thinning and grafting are time-consuming requiring more time for the release of a new cultivar which is undesirable for rapid crop improvement. The best way to accelerate the perennial plant breeding improvement programs and to reduce the long juvenile phase is the induction of early flowering through the utilization of biotechnological approaches. The ability to allow the transmission of an early flowering gene to the progeny in a Mendelian fashion is the major advantage of biotechnological interventions. The introgression of early flowering traits from non-commercial germplasm or sexually compatible species to perennial species through the biotechnological aspects will act as a boon for crop improvement in future studies. The present review gives an overview of various flowering genes in perennial crops accompanying the implementation of biotechnological approaches including overexpression studies, RNA interference, Virus-induced flowering and CRISPR-Cas approaches that will help in reducing the period for induction of flowering in perennial crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to assess the degree colleges' preparation for the new transition phase, transferring the BA/BSc programs into ADA/ADS programs. The participants of this qualitative study were principals of Degree Colleges in the Makran division and data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Themes generated from data showed that degree colleges of the Makran division were not capable of starting the AD/ADS programs properly due to shortage of human and physical resources. The findings also identified that the principals serving these colleges were not involved in the decisions taken by Higher Education Commission for the degree colleges. Recommendations based on the findings indicate that degree colleges of the Makran region require more support and facilitation from Higher Education Commission and Provincial Government before the initiation of ADA/ADS Programs. The findings and recommendations will be helpful in the preparation of Degree colleges transferring from BA/BSc to ADA/ADS programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Discontinuation of growth hormone therapy (rhGH) upon completion of linear growth may adversely affect bone mineral density and content (BMD/BMC) in adolescents with childhood-onset GH deficiency (CO-GHD) and predisposition to osteoporosis. Although the benefits of weight-dependent somatropin high doses over bone gain are established, little is known about fixed low doses. We analyzed the impact of non-weight-based low-dose somatropin on bone accrual during the transition among CO-DGH patients, treated since childhood., Methods: Lumbar spine (LS) and whole-body (WB) BMD and BMC were measured at baseline and after 18 months in 54 adolescents (age: 16.8 ± 1.6 years). They were retested and reclassified as GH sufficient (GHS, n = 28) and GH insufficient. The last group was later randomized to use rhGH (GH on; n = 15) or no treatment (GH off, n = 11) in this single-center open-label study. The average dose of rhGH was 0.5 ± 0.18 mg/day., Results: When comparing the groups, the GH off group had a lower percentage change in LS BMD than the GHS (0.53 % ± 5.9 vs. 4.42 % ± 4.1, respectively, p < 0.04). However, in the analysis of the GH on and off subgroups, the LS BMC percentage change was higher in the GH on (11.02 % ± 10.12 vs. 2.05 % ± 10.31, respectively, p < 0.04)., Conclusion: Non-weight-based low-dose somatropin withdrawal for 18 months limits bone accrual in LS of CO-DGH subjects in transition, predisposing them to osteoporosis in adult life., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.)

Introduction. Although counterattacks are the most effective style of play for scoring goals, they occur less frequently during soccer matches than organized attacks and the research on the subject conducted to date is limited. Aim of Study. This study sought to investigate factors associated with final attempts during counterattacks in Champions League 2018--2019 matches. Material and Methods. The sample included 1415 ball recoveries corresponding to 16 knock-out matches. Multidimensional qualitative data using 11 ordered categorical variables were obtained to characterize each counterattack. The data were analysed using chi-squared tests and binary logistic regression. Results. Bivariate analysis revealed that the performance indicators significantly associated with the final attempt in a counterattack included the defenders' positions, invasive zone, number of passes, counterattack duration and zone of recovery. Spatial analysis revealed that final attempts from counterattacks were most frequently assisted from the central zone outside the box (Zone 7: 23%) and finishing was typically executed from the central zone inside the box (Zone 4: 30.4%). The regression model indicated significant probabilities of a final attempt when the ball was recovered inside the invasive zones, used a high proportion of penetrative passes and involved 4 or more attacking players. Conclusions. This study enhances coaches' understanding of the factors that affect counterattack effectiveness and provide practical implications for developing and implementing training sessions for the transition phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The human intestine elongates during the early fetal period, herniates into the extraembryonic coelom (EC), and subsequently returns to the abdominal cavity (AC). The process by which the intestinal loop returns to the abdomen remains unclear. This study aimed to document positional changes in the intestinal tract with the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and branches in 3D to elucidate the intestinal loop return process (transition phase). Serial histological cross‐sections from human fetuses (crown–rump length [CRL] range: 30–50 mm) in the herniation (n = 1), transition (n = 7), and return (n = 2) phases were selected from the Blechschmidt Collection. The distribution of the SMA trunk and all intestinal and sister branches entering the intestines was visualized so that positional changes in branches were continuous from the herniation to return phases. Positional changes in SMA branches proceeded in an orderly and structured manner; this is essential for continuous blood supply via the SMA to the intestine during transition and for safe intestinal return. Changes in the SMA distribution proceeded prior to the detection of initiation of intestinal tract return, which might start earlier and last much longer than our consensus (i.e., that the return of the herniated intestine begins when the CRL is approximately 40 mm and ends within a short time). In the cross‐section of the umbilical ring in the herniation and transition phases, one proximal limb and one distal limb were observed with SMA intestinal branches, which were fully packed in the umbilical ring. The SMA branches were aligned from inferior to superior along the SMA main trunk. In the herniation phase, the distribution of 3rd–13th branches aligned from proximal inferior medial to distal superior left with a slight spiral in the EC, the tips of which suggested an orderly running course of the small intestine. In the transition phase, SMA branches running across the umbilical ring that fed the small intestine were observed, suggesting that the intestine was uncoiled and ran across the umbilical ring almost vertically. The estimated curvature value supported the phenomenon of uncoiling at the umbilical ring; the value at the umbilical ring was lesser than that in the AC and EC. During the transition phase, the proximal and distal limbs transversely ran side by side in the AC, umbilical ring, limbs on the cranial side, and mesentery on the caudal side. The SMA trunk and its branches ran in parallel, cranially to caudally aligned in the mesentery. This layout of the umbilical ring was maintained during the transition phase. In the return phase, the SMA trunk was gently curved from the upper left to the lower right of the AC; around 12 branches spread with a winding staircase appearance. The intestinal tract reached its definitive position immediately after all tissues crossed the umbilical ring and released any restriction. Each SMA branch and the corresponding region of the intestinal tract form a unit and change their position, though the conformation may change within each unit when running across the umbilical ring. We suggest that the slide–stack model requires revision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Communication is the backbone of effective collaboration, enabling project success; yet, engineering projects often fail due to poor communication. Specifically, engineering teams may benefit from reflexivity interventions to improve decision making, problem solving, innovation, and performance. In this study, we focus on team reflexivity in direct application to engineering project management to identify reflexivity processes that facilitate effective communication. Literature review: Although research has shown that team reflexivity interventions—elicited through communication—can improve team interaction and performance, little empirical evidence exists into the temporal dimensions across the action and transition phases of team reflexivity processes. Research questions: 1. How is team reflexivity expressed through text-based communication? 2. How and when do team members shift between reflexivity processes over time, especially across and between transition and action phases? Research methodology: We analyzed collaborative activity among 62 four-person teams in a computer-simulated microworld across two scenarios. The reflexivity processes exhibited during interaction were identified and analyzed using statistical and content analysis. Results and discussion: Analyses indicated that team reflection promoted discussions about key issues, facilitated frequent process shifts among transition and action phases, and resulted in overall better performance. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate the importance of team reflexivity interventions in engineering project teams to strategically guide members to improve planning, responding, and quality of attention devoted to long-term outcomes. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate the importance of deep structured team reflexivity through process shifts to help members understand strategies and goals, and develop shared objectives in complex environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parkinson's disease (PD) affects almost 1% of the population worldwide over the age of 50 years. Exposure to environmental toxins like paraquat and rotenone is a risk factor for sporadic PD which constitutes 95% of total cases. Herbicide rotenone has been shown to cause Parkinsonian symptoms in multiple animal models. Drosophila is an excellent model organism for studying neurodegenerative diseases (NDD) including PD. The aging process is characterized by differential expression of genes during different life stages. Hence it is necessary to develop life-stagematched animal models for late-onset human disease(s) such as PD. Such animal models are critical for understanding the pathophysiology of agerelated disease progression and important to understand if a genotropic drug/nutraceutical can be effective during late stages. With this idea, we developed an adult life stage-specific (health and transition phase, during which late-onset NDDs such as PD sets in) rotenone-mediated Drosophila model of idiopathic PD. Drosophila is susceptible to rotenone in dose-time dependent manner. Rotenone-mediated fly model of sporadic PD exhibits mobility defects (independent of mortality), inhibited mitochondrial complex I activity, dopaminergic (DAergic) neuronal dysfunction (no loss of DAergic neuronal number; however, reduction in rate-limiting enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) synthesis), and alteration in levels of dopamine (DA) and its metabolites; 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and Homovanilic acid (HVA) in brain-specific fashion. These PD-linked behaviors and brain-specific phenotypes denote the robustness of the present fly model of PD. This novel model will be of great help to decipher life stage-specific genetic targets of small molecule mediated DAergic neuroprotection; understanding of which is critical for formulating therapeutic strategies for PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims Investigate the dropout rate during a 12-week transitional exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (exCR) programme focusing on a halfway transition phase between hospital and the municipality-based cardiac rehabilitation. Secondly, investigate patient characteristics associated with dropout at the transition. Methods and results Patients with coronary heart disease, heart failure, or heart valve surgery referred to exCR were included in a prospective cohort study conducted between 1 March 2018 and 28 February 2019 at Zealand University Hospital. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation was initiated at the hospital with a halfway transitional to local healthcare centres in the municipalities. Dropouts were identified every third week through telephone interviews. A Kaplan–Meier time-to-event analysis was used to investigate time to dropout, while multiple logistic regression assessed associations between patient characteristics and dropout at the transition. Of 560 patients eligible for exCR, 279 participated in the study. Fourteen patients were lost to follow-up and 103 dropped out, resulting in a dropout rate of 39% [95% confidence interval (CI) 33–45%]. Of the 103 dropouts, 72 patients (70%) dropped out at the transition. In the adjusted analysis, patients attached to the labour market were associated with dropout at the transition [odds ratio (OR) = 6.31 (95% CI 2.04–19.54)]. Furthermore, odds of dropping out at transition were reduced for each extra exercise session attended [OR = 0.79 (95% CI 0.66–0.94)]. Conclusion The transition phase constitutes a critical dropout period in exCR, in which increased attention on patient adherence is needed. In clinical practice, communication and strategies addressing patient retention across settings could be essential to prevent dropout in transitional exCR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parkinson’s disease (PD) affects almost 1% of the population worldwide over the age of 50 years. Exposure to environmental toxins like paraquat and rotenone is a risk factor for sporadic PD which constitutes 95% of total cases. Herbicide rotenone has been shown to cause Parkinsonian symptoms in multiple animal models. Drosophila is an excellent model organism for studying neurodegenerative diseases (NDD) including PD. The aging process is characterized by differential expression of genes during different life stages. Hence it is necessary to develop life-stage-matched animal models for late-onset human disease(s) such as PD. Such animal models are critical for understanding the pathophysiology of age-related disease progression and important to understand if a genotropic drug/nutraceutical can be effective during late stages. With this idea, we developed an adult life stage-specific (health and transition phase, during which late-onset NDDs such as PD sets in) rotenone-mediated Drosophila model of idiopathic PD. Drosophila is susceptible to rotenone in dose-time dependent manner. Rotenone-mediated fly model of sporadic PD exhibits mobility defects (independent of mortality), inhibited mitochondrial complex I activity, dopaminergic (DAergic) neuronal dysfunction (no loss of DAergic neuronal number; however, reduction in rate-limiting enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) synthesis), and alteration in levels of dopamine (DA) and its metabolites; 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and Homovanilic acid (HVA) in brain-specific fashion. These PD-linked behaviors and brain-specific phenotypes denote the robustness of the present fly model of PD. This novel model will be of great help to decipher life stage-specific genetic targets of small molecule mediated DAergic neuroprotection; understanding of which is critical for formulating therapeutic strategies for PD.

To better understand the changes in weed communities following the adoption of conservation agriculture (CA), we investigated the functional composition of weed communities in fields implementing CA continuously from 1 to 21 years. Weed surveys were conducted in 100 winter wheat fields of 53 farmers in the Bourgogne‐Franche‐Comté region, Eastern France. Ten response traits were selected to highlight changes in the functional composition of weed communities, using weighted mean value for quantitative traits and an approach based on composition analysis for qualitative traits. Out of the 10 traits, four were impacted by the time following the adoption of CA significantly, whereas two only showed trends. Specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, seed dispersal mode and soil seedbank longevity did not change over time following adoption of CA, whereas changes were observed for plant type, Raunkiær's life forms, Ellenberg's indicator value for light and, germination and flowering periods. Phanerophyte and geophyte life forms, summer‐germinating species and spring‐ and summer‐flowering species increased with time following adoption of CA. Shade‐tolerant species, not present in fields recently converted to CA, established later. Community‐weighted mean of seed mass and the percentage of graminoids tended to increase with time following adoption of CA. Some functional shifts in weed communities occurred quicker than others (i.e., summer‐germinating species increased after at least 10 years of continuous application of CA principles). These results can be used to inform farmers moving towards CA about expected changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We numerically study the thermodynamic critical behaviour of the one-dimensional ferromagnetic spin model with variable interaction ranges using molecular dynamics simulation. Our results suggest that the model presents an order to a disorder phase transition, if the range length parameter surpasses the threshold ξc = 1:4. As expected, the order parameter of the magnetization M respects the Hamiltonian mean field transition, which occurs at ξ = 2. We show that the evolution of the system temperature is independent of the number of neighbours spins L considered in the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hermaphroditism is cost‐effective because a common investment in reward and attractive structures yields benefits through both male and female reproductive success. However, the advantage is accompanied by an increased risk of self‐pollen deposition, which is generally disadvantageous. Hermaphroditic plants reduce self‐pollen deposition by separating sporophylls (a term applied to the stamens and carpels) either spatially (herkogamy) or temporally (dichogamy). In movement‐assisted dichogamy, both sporophylls show coordinated motion in opposite directions. However, the effectiveness of this movement in reducing self‐pollen deposition may be compromised at the point when the sporophylls cross each other and are close enough to interfere, resulting in a transition phase problem. The solution to this problem lies in the details of the spatiotemporal dynamics of the sporophylls in relation to their reproductive maturity. We studied these details across the floral lifetime of a protandrous shrub, Clerodendrum infortunatum (Lamiaceae), in rainforest fragments of the Western Ghats, India. We took photos of flowers at regular time intervals and measured sporophyll angles from the images. We also carried out a field experiment to determine stigma receptivity. We found that the stigma lobes remained narrowly opened at transition, and the stigma surfaces remained non‐receptive. Our findings suggest that the effectiveness of dichogamy is maximized through two properties of the transition phase: physical resistance to self‐pollen deposition by narrow stigma lobe opening and chemical non‐receptivity of the stigma during this phase. This study emphasizes the importance of accessory adaptations in movement‐assisted dichogamy to tackle the transition phase problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The ongoing pandemic coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) remains a significant issue for global health, economics, and society. In order to balance epidemic control and economic recovery, many countries have successively announced the gradual relaxation of some lockdown restrictions. Hospitals and medical staff constitute the backbone in this war against COVID-19. In response to this serious situation, many hospitals went into emergency and impaired healthcare access to patients with conditions other than COVID-19. Therefore, gradually promoting hospital operations and functions back to the new normal is important, especially when this outbreak has been effectively controlled. In this study, we introduce existing and potential problems that could seriously affect people’s health. Additionally, we propose that an especial transition phase between the emergency and regular modes of hospitals can be well adapted to the current situation.

Abstract Background Transition from intrauterine to extrauterine life is a critical phase during which several changes occur in cardiovascular system. In clinical practice, it is important to have a method that allows an easy, rapid and precise evaluation of hemodynamic status of a newborn for clinical management. We here propose a rapid, broadly applicable method to monitor cardiovascular function using ultrasonic cardiac output monitoring (USCOM). Methods We here present data obtained from a cohort of healthy term newborns (n = 43) born by programmed cesarean section at Fondazione MBBM, Ospedale San Gerardo. Measurements were performed during the first hour of life, then at 6 + 2, at 12–24, and 48 h of life. We performed a screening echocardiography to identify a patent duct at 24 h and, if patent, it was repeated at 48 h of life. Results We show that physiologically, during the first 48 h of life, blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance gradually increase, while there is a concomitant reduction in stroke volume, cardiac output, and cardiac index. The presence of patent ductus arteriosus significantly reduces cardiac output (p = 0.006) and stroke volume (p = 0.023). Furthermore, newborns born at 37 weeks of gestational age display significantly lower cardiac output (p

Abstract We sought to determine whether there are sex-based differences in the requirements for calories or protein for optimal growth during the transition phase (TP) when an extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infant, defined as a preterm infant with a birth weight of

This study proposed a novel nonlinear blended aerodynamic model for the tiltrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) during the transition phase to handle the high angle-of-attack (AoA) flight, which aggregated the flat-plate mode and the linear mode of the aerodynamic coefficients. Additionally, a harmonic disturbance observer (HDO) and super-twisting sliding mode controller (STSMC) addressed the fast-changing external disturbances and attenuated the chattering problem in the original SMC. The comparative trajectory tracking results indicated that the blended aerodynamic model accurately tracks the reference signals with no tracking errors, which demonstrated a superior performance as compared to the traditional aerodynamic model, with a reduction of 2.2%, 50%, 73.6%, and 11.2% in the time required for tracking the pitch angle, pitch rate, and velocities u and w, respectively. Conversely, the traditional one exhibited significant tracking errors, ranging from 0.016° in the pitch angle channel to 1.25°/s in the pitch rate channel, and 0.6 m/s for velocity u and 0.01 m/s for velocity w. Moreover, the comparative control input results illustrated that the least control effort was required for the proposed HDO-STSMC control scheme with a blending function, while the original ESO-SMC experienced more oscillations and sharp amplitude changes, taking twice the time to converge, with considerable tracking errors such as 1.067° in the pitch angle channel, 0.788°/s in the pitch rate channel, 1.554 m/s for velocity u, and 0.746 m/s for velocity w, which verified the feasibility and superiority of the proposed HDO-STSMC with the blending function. Two performance indices revealed the robust stability and rapid convergence of the proposed transition blended aerodynamic model with the HDO-STSMC control scheme.

Minimal risk maneuvers (MRMs), as part of highly automated systems, aim at minimizing the risk during a transition phase from automated to manual driving. Previous studies show that many drivers have an urge to intervene in transition phases despite the system’s capability to safely come to a standstill. A human–machine interface (HMI) concept was developed to support driver decisions by providing environmental information and action recommendations. This was investigated in a static driving simulator experiment with 36 participants. Two scenarios that differed in the traffic on the adjacent left lane were implemented and the HMI concept displayed the content accordingly. Results of the study again show a high intervention rate of drivers overtaking the obstacle from the left, even if the lane is occupied by other vehicles. The HMI concept had a positive influence on the manner of intervention by encouraging a standstill in the shoulder lane. Nevertheless, negative consequences included accidents and dangerous situations, but at lower frequencies and proportions during drives with the HMI concept. In conclusion, the risk during the transition phase was reduced. Furthermore, the results showed a significant decrease in the subjective workload and a positive influence on the drivers’ understanding and predictability of the automated system.

During shoot apex development, the plants undergo a very complex transition phase of flowering for successful reproduction, seed/cone setting and fruit development. The conversion of vegetative shoot meristems to floral meristems depends upon numerous endogenous, exogenous factors and flowering genes for the development of floral parts. The perennial crops suffer from the limitation of the innate ability to keep some meristems in the vegetative state for the polycarpic growth habit leading to the long juvenile phase. Conventional breeding approaches viz. selection of early flowering parental lines, flower thinning and grafting are time-consuming requiring more time for the release of a new cultivar which is undesirable for rapid crop improvement. The best way to accelerate the perennial plant breeding improvement programs and to reduce the long juvenile phase is the induction of early flowering through the utilization of biotechnological approaches. The ability to allow the transmission of an early flowering gene to the progeny in a Mendelian fashion is the major advantage of biotechnological interventions. The introgression of early flowering traits from non-commercial germplasm or sexually compatible species to perennial species through the biotechnological aspects will act as a boon for crop improvement in future studies. The present review gives an overview of various flowering genes in perennial crops accompanying the implementation of biotechnological approaches including overexpression studies, RNA interference, Virus-induced flowering and CRISPR-Cas approaches that will help in reducing the period for induction of flowering in perennial crops.

Background: Evaluation of the educational environment is key to the delivery of high-quality medical education. Especially, when an institute is in the transition phase of curriculum. In curriculum transformation phase of Ayub Medical College Abbottabad, no such evaluation has been done. This study aimed to find the direction of Educational environment in the transition phase curriculum of Ayub Medical College Abbottabad and compare different domains of educational environment with gender, residency, pre-medical education’s medium of instruction, and doctors among sibling or parents. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among students of integrated and traditional curriculum of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad from 1st December 2019 to 29th February 2020. By Non-probability convenience sampling technique, pre-validated Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure questionnaire was used. Descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated in SPSS v22. Results: A total 149 (100%) participants, 66 (44.3%) males and 83 (55.7%) females with mean age of 20.5±1.07 years responded. Among total, 76 (51%) were from integrated curriculum and 73 (49%) were of traditional curriculum. Significant difference was found among different aspect of education environments and both classes. Conclusion: The current transitional phase of curriculum at Ayub Medical College Abbottabad is more positive than negative. Some areas like student social-selfperception still need improvement. Moreover, gender and place of birth affect student’s perception about their learning environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is a rare but treatable cause of short stature. The diagnosis requires a careful evaluation of clinical history, physical examination and appropriate interpretation of longitudinal growth, with specific features for each period of life. Other clinical findings, in addition to growth failure, may be present and can be related to the etiology and to associated hormone deficiencies. Despite more than 50 years since the first reports of provocative tests of growth hormone (GH) secretion for the diagnosis of GHD, the interpretation of the results remains a matter of debate. When GHD is confirmed, GH treatment is recommended. Treatment is effective and safe, but requires daily injections during many years, which can affect adherence. At the end of longitudinal growth, during the transition phase, it might be necessary to re-evaluate GH secretion. This review summarizes and updates the recent information related to GHD in children, as well the recommendations for treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The on-plane rotations of the inclined axle-chain system on the functional swing plane (FSP) can represent the angular motions of the golfer–club system closely. The purpose of this study was to identify key performance factors in golf through a comprehensive investigation of the association between the angular motion characteristics of the axle-chain system and clubhead speed in skilled golfers. Sixty-six male golfers (handicap ≤ 3) performed full-effort shots in three club conditions: driver, 5-iron, and pitching wedge. Swing trials were captured with an optical motion capture system, and the hip/shoulder lines, upper lever, club, and wrist angular positions/velocities were calculated. Time, angular position, range of rotation, and peak angular velocity parameters were extracted and their correlation coefficients (Pearson and Spearman) to actual and normalized clubhead speeds were computed (p < 0.05). Higher clubhead speed was associated with shorter downswing phases, larger rotation ranges (hip/shoulder lines, and upper lever), larger hip–shoulder separation at impact, delayed transitions (hip line and upper lever), faster rotations (backswing, downswing, and impact), and larger angular velocity losses (hip line and upper lever) with additional club- and body-specific correlations. Clubhead speed was not well associated with wrist cock angles/ranges, X-factors/stretches, and timings of the downswing peak. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Variability in the efficacy, safety, and quality of probiotic formulations depends on many factors, including process conditions used by manufacturers. Developing reliable analytical tools is therefore essential to quickly monitor manufacturing differences in probiotic samples for their quality assessment. Here, multi-strain probiotics from two production sites and countries were investigated by proteomics and physico-chemistry approaches in relation to the protective effect on gut barrier. Proteomic analyses showed differences in protein abundances, identities, and origins of two series of VSL#3 samples from different sites. Even though both formulations were qualitatively similar in thermal and colloidal profiles, significant differences were quantitatively observed in terms of maximum decomposition temperature Tmax (p < 0.05) and phase transition temperature Tm (p < 0.01). Such variability in physical and biochemical features impacts on probiotic functionalities and translates into a differential modulation of gut permeability in mice. Physico-chemical scans provide coherent data with proteomics and represent a new tool for time and cost effective quality control of probiotic-based products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Transition from intrauterine to extrauterine life is a critical phase during which several changes occur in cardiovascular system. In clinical practice, it is important to have a method that allows an easy, rapid and precise evaluation of hemodynamic status of a newborn for clinical management. We here propose a rapid, broadly applicable method to monitor cardiovascular function using ultrasonic cardiac output monitoring (USCOM). Methods: We here present data obtained from a cohort of healthy term newborns (n = 43) born by programmed cesarean section at Fondazione MBBM, Ospedale San Gerardo. Measurements were performed during the first hour of life, then at 6 + 2, at 12–24, and 48 h of life. We performed a screening echocardiography to identify a patent duct at 24 h and, if patent, it was repeated at 48 h of life. Results: We show that physiologically, during the first 48 h of life, blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance gradually increase, while there is a concomitant reduction in stroke volume, cardiac output, and cardiac index. The presence of patent ductus arteriosus significantly reduces cardiac output (p = 0.006) and stroke volume (p = 0.023). Furthermore, newborns born at 37 weeks of gestational age display significantly lower cardiac output (p < 0.001), cardiac index (p = 0.045) and stroke volume (p < 0.001) compared to newborns born at 38 and ≥ 39 weeks. Finally, birth-weight (whether adequate, small or large for gestational age) significantly affects blood pressure (p = 0.0349), stroke volume (p < 0.0001), cardiac output (p < 0.0001) and cardiac index (p = 0.0004). In particular, LGA infants display a transient increase in cardiac index, cardiac output and stroke volume up to 24 h of life; showing a different behavior from AGA and SGA infants. Conclusions: Compared to previous studies, we expanded measurements to longer time-points and we analyzed the impact of commonly used clinical variables on hemodynamics during transition phase thus making our data clinically applicable in daily routine. We calculate reference values for each population, which can be of clinical relevance for quick bedside evaluation in neonatal intensive care unit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The molecular dynamic (MD) method is utilized to investigate the mechanical properties and deformation mechanism of [0001] and 1 ¯ 2 1 ¯ 0 Ti nanowires at a high tensile strain rate. The simulation results reveal that the yield behavior of the [0001] Ti nanowire was dominated by a transition phase and led to like twinning deformation. The deformation twin led to a crystal rotation with a large angle. The 1 ¯ 2 1 ¯ 0 Ti nanowires yielded through dislocation slip by a pyramidal plane of the HCP crystal structure. Therefore, the yield strength of the 1 ¯ 2 1 ¯ 0 Ti nanowires was lower than that of the [0001] Ti nanowires. The broken strain of the 1 ¯ 2 1 ¯ 0 Ti nanowire was also lower than that of the [0001] Ti nanowire. After yielding, the Ti nanowires plastically deformed through the slipping of an extended dislocation (a pair of partial dislocations), such that an FCC stacking fault was formed in the HCP crystal structure between the partial dislocations. Another extended dislocation in the FCC stacking fault was formed and moved by the slipping mechanism, causing further plastic deformation and reducing the flow stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We sought to determine whether there are sex-based differences in the requirements for calories or protein for optimal growth during the transition phase (TP) when an extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infant, defined as a preterm infant with a birth weight of < 1000 g, is progressing from parenteral to enteral feeds. A retrospective review of ELBW infants born from 2014 to 2016 was performed at a tertiary NICU. Infants with necrotizing enterocolitis, short bowel syndrome, or chromosomal anomalies were excluded. TP was defined as the period when the infant's enteral feeds were increased from 30 up to 120 ml/kg/day while weaning parenteral nutrition (PN). Effects of sex and protein-calorie intake on the change in growth parameters from the beginning to the end of TP were analyzed. Pre-TP growth percentiles and calorie and protein intake were similar in both sexes. There was a significant (r = 0.22, p = 0.026) correlation of total calorie intake with a change in weight percentiles (wt.pc) for the whole group, but on sex-specific analysis, this correlation was more robust and significant only in girls (r = 0.28, p = 0.015). Protein intake did not correlate with the changes in wt.pc in either sex. Despite a similar intake of calories and protein during the TP, we found a significant decrease in wt.pc only in girls. More extensive studies are needed to understand the sex-based differences in caloric needs and metabolic rate in ELBW infants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is to describe changes in Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) among ischemic stroke survivors during the transition from inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRFs) to home settings within 12 months post-acute stroke. A Prospective longitudinal study at the University of Utah, USA. Inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRFs) to home settings. 38 ischemic stroke survivors (20 males, 18 females; mean age 62 years) who are discharged from an inpatient rehabilitation facility to home. Participants were assessed using the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire at IRF discharge (time 1), 6 months post-acute stroke (time 2), and 12 months post-acute stroke (time 3). EQ-5D-5L scores for each dimension, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for overall health, and a composite health state index were calculated. Notably, lower scores in five dimensions indicated better HRQoL. In summary, during the transition period, HRQoL initially declined from Time 1 to Time 2 and then improved from Time 2 to Time 3 in the domains of mobility, self-care, pain & discomfort, as well as anxiety & depression. However, HRQoL related to usual activities consistently increased over this period. Furthermore, the VAS Score consistently increased from 59 to 65 to 67, indicating that patients' perception of their health improved over time. Moreover, the health state index initially showed a decline from Time 1 to Time 2 but increased afterward, demonstrating a positive trend in overall HRQoL. Contrary to our initial expectations, our study revealed a nuanced picture of Health-Related Quality of Life changes post-acute stroke. Patients' perceptions of HRQoL, assessed using the Visual Analog Scale, consistently improved over time. Although the health state index initially declined from Time 1 to Time 2, it later increased. Certain HRQoL dimensions initially decreased but subsequently improved from Time 2 to Time 3. These complex HRQoL patterns during the transition from IRF to home point to the need for further investigation, focusing on factors like depressive symptoms, engagement in activities, individual characteristics, and hospital stay duration, to guide personalized interventions for post-acute stroke recovery. No conflicts of interest or financial disclosures relevant to this study were declared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia is prone to a variety of natural disasters, one of which is earthquakes. Earthquakes are detrimental to human life, causing among other things a loss of shelter. As such, victims of earthquakes need basic assistance in the form of shelter, which the Indonesian government provides in the transition phase of emergency responses. Several innovations in the provision of temporary shelter have arisen in terms of packaging and fast unloading. This research aimed to examine the effective value of OTTV energy (overall thermal transfer value), differences in room temperature, and thermal comfort in existing temporary shelters. OTTV values and thermal comfort are adapted to Indonesia's humid tropical climate, which has a temperature ranging 24–30°C and air humidity of 75%. Temporary shelters were simulated with Rhinoceros and Grasshopper softwares. The simulation was carried out in two stages, with the first stage simulating the temporary shelter materials and the second stage simulating according to a predetermined standard. The results concluded that the effective value of OTTV with the use of Styrofoam-based shelter gives a value of 27.63 W/m2 with a decrease of up to 4.70 W/m2 and the temperature drops to 2–3°C.