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The article discusses the transformation processes that have taken place in the management of enterprises in extremely changing conditions of their functioning, which is war. For sustainability and development, these processes require, in particular, rapid adaptation, revision of the following: paradigms of management, security, personnel policy, information flows, business processes and business models; implementation of the principles of inclusiveness and accessibility, cost optimization; introduction of modern digital technologies; increase of productivity. The aim of the article is to substantiate and systematize the transformation processes of enterprise management during the wartime. To achieve this goal, the following tasks have been performed: the main problems in the management of enterprises that hinder their development in wartime have been systematized and characterized; the main blocks that unite the transformation processes in the management of enterprises during wartime are allocated on the basis of an analysis of the experience of various Ukrainian and international companies, this will allow other economic entities to lead their enterprises to sustainability, success, and efficiency. As result of the study, the authors determined that the main challenge in management in peacetime and in wartime is the rapid variability of factors of external influence, which leads to ultra-risky managerial decisions. During the war, it is difficult to foresee all sources of risks in management decisions that affect the business processes of the enterprise. At that, challenges appear quickly due to the variability of external factors, which leads to the rapid adaptation of managerial decisions and the need for their urgent solution. The loss of planning ability directly affects the decrease in the efficiency of the enterprise. Therefore, enterprises are trying to form certain patterns to stabilize their activities in extremely changing conditions of their functioning. Obviously, management has become the key instrument in this. The ability to make management decisions quickly, adapt to changing external factors, and implement high-quality communication with the team are crucial for success. Despite the lack of a one-size-fits-all approach, adhering to these core principles helps leaders navigate wartime and lead their businesses to sustainability, success, and efficiency.

Introduction. Large-scale processes of informatization development in recent decades determine the need and opportunity to reconsider the role and importance of the human in modern society, determine his place in the modern economic system, and increase his role in the activities of the organization. Theoretical analysis. A review of the main trends in the development of post-industrial economy and its characteristics as a type of society with a predominance of innovative, progressive scientific and post-industrial components in the structure of the economy and a redistribution of the employed population structure from industry to the service sector is carried out. The main factors influencing the increase in the importance of the individual (person) in an organization in the system of post-industrial economy are considered. Results. In post-industrial economy, human capital becomes the key resource, and the role of the human is undergoing significant changes under the influence of technological progress, the growth of knowledge-intensive sectors of the economy, automation and changes in the structure of production. An important factor is the ability to learn, adapt and develop skills that meet the modern requirements of post-industrial economy. The human role does not disappear, it evolves, and its ability to adapt and innovate become determining factors in the success of organizations and economic progress in the post-industrial era.

As earnings decrease and deflation occurs, companies are facing more competition. Digital transformation has emerged as a crucial strategy for companies to pursue new avenues of growth. Existing studies have explored the definition of digital transformation, the relationship between digital transformation and sustainability, and the impact of digital strategies on businesses. The study aims to investigate the drivers and processes of digital transformation towards sustainability and introduces a qualitative approach of single case study to explain the mechanisms involved. So how did we realize the research in this study? Firstly, we selected Chi Forest, a prominent beverage company, as our research subject. We then adopt an interpretivist research methodology to examine the steps behind the sustainable phenomenon of digital transformation at Chi Forest as well as the driving factors. This provides key recommendations for companies that when undergoing digital transformation, it is important to give more consideration to the steps of transformation and improve the sustainability of the transformation results. The highlight of this study is that we extend the existing steps of digital transformation by describing different transformation processes. More importantly, our study offers a comprehensive and a multi-perspective research reflection the literature on the application of digital transformation strategies, adding value to the existing research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to identify stages in development and to analyze the content of transformation processes in Ukrainian agriculture for the period of 1991–2022 years. Methodology / approach. This research uses content analysis of legislative field to present basis for organization of agriculture business activity for the 30-years of restoration of Ukraine independence. Official statistical data are studied to reveal repercussion in productivity as an effect of Laws, Acts and Agreements implementation. Methods of regression and correlation analysis are used to unveil peculiarities in agriculture tendency. Hodrick-Prescott method is applied to extract structural components, exclude random impacts on economical processes and to find out significant changes or turnings in the sector development. Quantitative analysis results were obtained by the GNU Octave software tool. Results. Legislative evolution has influenced on the way of agriculture business organization and branch productivity. Analysis revealed two stages in its development. The first one (1991–1999) is the period of business transformation with changes of ownership forms on the land. This period is notable by its descending dynamics. Transformation has required to build relationships in business environment after collapse of Soviet Union, to supply with material and technical resources, to support its activity with financial funds. The essence of the first stage is in findings of an effective form of farming management. The second stage is the exit from the lowest point at which agrarian business was in 1999 and the gradual growth of its activity and profitability. This is the period of strengthening of relationships in the business environment, development of crop and livestock production, implementing of new technologies of land cultivation, plant, and animal care. It is the period of economic recovery on the base of private land ownership, motivation of producers’ activity, agreements on free trade and cooperation with the EU and other countries. Simultaneously, it is the years of overcoming of such shocking consequences as economic collapse of the end of 1990s, the instability of foreign currency and the banking crisis of 2008–2009, the beginning of the hybrid occupation of Ukraine by Russia in 2014, the rapid fluctuation of the value of its own currency in 2014–2015 because of war. The alteration of the principles of currency exchange rate formation with the transition from a fixed value to that is formed under the influence of market conditions was a mean to overcome this instability. Russia’s full-scale armed aggression against Ukraine since 2022 caused the latest devastating events in the economy. Originality / scientific novelty. The novelty of the obtained research results is in presentation, argumentation, and interpretation of productivity waves in agriculture development for the 30-years of Ukraine independency with the use of extract method of structural components and correlation analysis of smoothed data sets. The continuity of legislative stages of agriculture reorganization was built to reveal ground for agriculture growth and to understand factors of branch sustainability. It is the first time when research shows how to detect latent changes in the development in the context of legislative changes, external threats, and internal peculiarities of branch. Practical value / implications. Results of analysis can be implemented in the historical reconstruction of causes and consequences of falls and rises in the Ukrainian economy for the period of 1991–2022. Used smoothing method is suggested to be applied in econometric research when the dynamics of indicators behavior cannot be approximated with certain function unmistakably because of ambiguous form of data scattering or its latent character.

В статье рассматриваются особенности фразеологического фонда такого варианта как нигерийский вариант английского языка, образованного в процессе контактного взаимодействия британского английского языка и многочисленных нигерийских языков и культур. Фразеологические единицы британского английского языка, адаптируясь к реалиям нигерийских лингвокультур, отражают такие качества культурного наследия как значимость семейных ценностей, формирование твердого и стойкого характера для достижения успеха, работоспособность. Форма фразеологических единиц нигерийского варианта английского языка подвержена изменениям, ключевыми из которых являются сокращение структуры, замена некоторых лексических единиц на соответствующие нигерийской культуре реалии.

Abstract Background The decision of the German federal government to cease lignite mining until 2038 or—if possible—already earlier until 2030, will cause manifold transition processes in the remaining lignite mining districts of Germany. The two largest districts are located in geographically opposite regions: The Rhineland in the western part and Lusatia in the east of Germany. As particularly these two mining districts will experience severe changes in their socioeconomic as well environmental conditions, the federal government has adopted comprehensive economic support measures. However, the environmental changes will also cause altered ecosystem functions and services to be provided by the future post-mining landscapes. Results In this paper, the two main lignite-producing regions of Germany are compared with regard to their natural and cultural settings. The economic situation and its history are reflected and differences are outlined. Part of the disparities in the cultural development can be explained by very different natural conditions, especially edaphic factors and climatic situation. Because of dissimilar geological settings, different mining technologies were developed and are in use in the two regions with distinct effects on the resulting post-mining landscapes. Conclusion The long-standing and manifold lignite mining activities have radically restructured the landscapes in Lusatia and the Rhineland. With the ongoing decline of the mining industry and its complete cessation, presumably within the next decade, both regions will alter their faces significantly. These changes offer both challenges but also opportunities with respect to the post-mining landscapes and their ecosystem services they are going to provide. The prerequisites for a positive socioeconomic development and for sustainable land-use concepts that also consider ecological aspects are different for both regions. However, or especially because of these differences, the knowledge exchange and experience transfer between both mining regions are pivotal for the success of this extensive transformation process.

The relevance of the problem under study is connected with the identification of the relationship between the transformation processes of agrarian structures and issues of sustainable food security; with the definition of contradictions and uncertainties of the harmonious interaction of different forms of management formed in the process of transformation; revealing their functional differences; typology and scenario forecasts of development. The dualistic nature of the results of the transformation of the main forms of management in the system of the national economy is substantiated. Purpose. Identification of key aspects of the specifics of the results of transformational processes of economic structures in the agrarian economy of the Russian Federation and substantiation of the importance of a harmonious relationship with each other in accordance with the tasks of food security in the face of modern challenges. Materials and methods. The methodology of an integrated approach was used based on the systematic approach of Western and Russian researchers, as well as on the methodology of small economic structures Chayanova A.V., Kondratieva N.D. Methods of comparative economic analysis using the data of official statistics of the Russian Federation and FAO, as well as methods of visualizing the results of the study are involved. The case method was used to study the specifics of various economic structures, and the scenario modeling method was used to determine the trends for further development. Results. Based on a comparative analysis of the results of the market transformation of economic structures and the economic effects of their activities, it was revealed that: firstly, the dynamics and rates of food inflation in the system of the Russian economy are lower than the global ones; secondly, large economic structures prevail in the structure of production and rates of output of food products; thirdly, the predominance of market power on the part of large economic structures leads to the deformation of market relations and the need to find a solution to the problem of creating equal opportunities for large and small economic structures. Conclusion. The importance of creating a model of harmonious relations between different forms of management is substantiated. Scenario forecasts of possible trends in the further development of small and large economic structures have been made.

Background: The decision of the German federal government to cease lignite mining until 2038 or—if possible—already earlier until 2030, will cause manifold transition processes in the remaining lignite mining districts of Germany. The two largest districts are located in geographically opposite regions: The Rhineland in the western part and Lusatia in the east of Germany. As particularly these two mining districts will experience severe changes in their socioeconomic as well environmental conditions, the federal government has adopted comprehensive economic support measures. However, the environmental changes will also cause altered ecosystem functions and services to be provided by the future post-mining landscapes. Results: In this paper, the two main lignite-producing regions of Germany are compared with regard to their natural and cultural settings. The economic situation and its history are reflected and differences are outlined. Part of the disparities in the cultural development can be explained by very different natural conditions, especially edaphic factors and climatic situation. Because of dissimilar geological settings, different mining technologies were developed and are in use in the two regions with distinct effects on the resulting post-mining landscapes. Conclusion: The long-standing and manifold lignite mining activities have radically restructured the landscapes in Lusatia and the Rhineland. With the ongoing decline of the mining industry and its complete cessation, presumably within the next decade, both regions will alter their faces significantly. These changes offer both challenges but also opportunities with respect to the post-mining landscapes and their ecosystem services they are going to provide. The prerequisites for a positive socioeconomic development and for sustainable land-use concepts that also consider ecological aspects are different for both regions. However, or especially because of these differences, the knowledge exchange and experience transfer between both mining regions are pivotal for the success of this extensive transformation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the possibility of applying the concept of lean thinking to the choice of investment directions for technological entrepreneurship projects in the post-era era to reduce global and project risks and ensure sustainable development. The analysis of modern tools for responsible investment carried away, and the feasibility of combining an approach of sustainable development and lean thinking to create comprehensive support for the effective implementation of innovations in uncertain and complicated conditions is substantiated. Requirements for the methodological tools for selecting projects for investment formulated. They take into account the role of the organization in the investment ecosystem, support a social and environmentally friendly approach to the selection of projects, can be implemented in conditions of social distancing, and contribute to the construction of an inclusive economy of ecosystems. The concept of the methodology for choosing the directions of investment of technological entrepreneurship projects is presented, which contains two levels of decision- making — the project level and the project portfolio level. The basic principles of lean investment in the context of sustainable economic development formulated: the need to consider the long-term consequences of the implementation of a technological project; the need to assess the feasibility of the project based on the connections and relationships between the participants in the investment ecosystem; reducing the risks of financial investments for unprepared investors.

The theoretical foundations of innovative development mechanisms of transformation processes in industry in the region have been improved. At the current stage of transformation development, a strategy for digitalization of the regional industry has been developed, using multi-functional and multi-level blockchain information technology, designed for reliable accounting of various assets ready for experience and innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Human Review is the property of Eagora Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article studies shchedrivka-songs (Epiphany carols/shchedrivkas) of Western Podillya (Ukraine's ethno-geographic region) regarding their thematic groups and typical motifs. Shchedrivka-songs are defined as musical and poetic works that accompany the rite of the third Christmas holiday, Epiphany, and are an integral part of this holiday. Special attention is drawn to the fact that the plot of Epiphany carols is based on the initial magic, as a mandatory producer of magic during the next calendar year. Dominant motifs in the plot of Epiphany carols in Western Podillya are the motifs of glorification of the main celestial bodies - the sun, moon, stars and terrestrial representatives of the family, i.e. the master, mistress and their children. Motifs of chivalry, youth's work, choosing a match for marriage, honouring parents are often included in shchedrivka-songs. Epiphany carols in which the characters of the Lord's Son, His Mother and saints play an important role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Molecular networking was used to identify TPs of antidepressants in wastewater. • 22 TPs were tentatively identified and 19 ones were new TPs of antidepressants. • N-acylation and N-hydroxylation were characteristics reactions for antidepressants. • The high electrophilic activity of the amino caused characteristics reactions. The extensive detection of antidepressants in wastewater has raised increasing concerns for human beings. During biological wastewater treatment processes, antidepressants cannot be completely removed and mineralized, which caused the formation of transformation products (TPs). To date, knowledges on TPs that participated in the transformation processes of antidepressants were scarce. To fill this gap, molecular networking nontarget screening based on lab-scale batch assays were employed to explore the removal and transformation of five antidepressants (amitriptyline (AMI), clomipramine (CLO), duloxetine (DUL), nortriptyline (NOR) and paroxetine (PAR)). The removal rate constants per unit of biomass (k bio) of the five antidepressants were found to range from 0.29 to 0.56 L/(gMLSS*d). Comparatively, clomipramine was removed more slowly than other antidepressants, which attributed to its lower electrophilic properties. Subsequently, 22 TPs were tentatively identified, among which 19 ones were newly found in the present study. The proposed transformation pathways indicated that demethylation, N-formylation, N-acetylation, N-succinylation, N-hydroxylation, dealkylation, hydrolysis and nitrosation participated in the transformation of antidepressants in wastewater. Particularly, N-acylation and N-hydroxylation were found as characteristics reactions for antidepressants in wastewater and these reactions consistently occurred at the site of amino functional group, where high electrophilic activity was the dominant causes for the observed characteristics reactions. In silico results revealed that TPs formed during biological wastewater treatment generally had lower toxicity, lower bioaccumulation and higher bioavailability than their parent compounds. Collectively, the present study provides insights into the transformation processes of antidepressants in wastewater, indicating that characteristic transformation reactions occur across different antidepressants, which is theoretically useful to effectively remove pharmaceuticals from wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the sociological concept of common-sense in a strict relationship with the literary concept of estrangement. The first part makes a transdisciplinary comparison between Alfred Schütz's approach to «commonsense » and Viktor Šklovskij's notion of «estrangement», noticing an impressive series of similarities in the way in which the Austrian sociologist and the Russian literary theorist dealt with perceptive automatisms and linguistic routines of everyday life. As social agents and as subjects of knowledge, we need the taken-for-granted of common-sense as a set of orientation tools in our lifeworld. On the other hand, the distancing effect of estrangement impacts on common-sense's transformational processes as well as on cognitive purposes related to the intellectual practices of arts and sciences. The second part evaluates the consequences of this ambivalent relationship in the making of knowledge processes and scientific researches, focusing on cultural practices of linguistic recognition from a sociological perspective. The final sections include a critical reading of Carlo Ginzburg's Making Things Strange and Norbert Elias' Involving and Detachment, with the purpose of pointing out the methodological importance of reflexivity and its transformative potentialities for social knowledge as a potential use of estrangement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on Design Thinking as a tool for initiating transformation processes both for the enhancement of company resilience, involving challenges connected to current trends such as digitalization and democratic leadership, as well as for the restructuring of a sustainable socio-ecological company organization. Primary findings of this explorative study show that Design Thinking is a suitable method to promote digital, democratic, and innovative business and leadership transformation, but that it is not primarily operationalized in the context of a further-reaching socio-ecological transformation towards more sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. In today’s science, the issue of changes in the internal affairs bodies management is one of the most crucial ones. In carrying out their duties the department heads must protect the rights and legitimate interests of citizens in accordance with the law. They are allowed to restrict the rights of citizens if it is required by their professional duties. That is why further development of a scientifically based approach to high department heads in the internal affairs bodies as a trigger for transformation processes should be recognized as absolutely relevant. Objective. Identifying major personality traits required for high executive posts in the internal affairs body; identifying the most significant personality traits and management style of the department heads in the territorial internal affairs bodies; studying individual psychological determinants of career adaptability of internal affairs bodies department heads. Design. The empirical research was carried out in the internal affairs agencies of the Krasnoyarsk Krai territorial unit and included three stages: 1. Conducting a survey among employees to identify the most significant personality traits required for high executive posts in the internal affairs body. The sample included 250 respondents with work experience from 3 to 25 years. 2. Conducting a survey aimed at determining the management style. The sample included 44 respondents. 3. Studying individual career adaptability of internal affairs bodies department heads. The following methods were used: “Adaptivity” (multi-factor personality test) method by A.G. Maklakov and S.V. Chermyanin was used to diagnose social adaptation; R. Cattel’s polyfactorial personal questionnaire; G. Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) questionnaire; A.Kokoshkarova Questionnaire for neuroticism and tendentious personal deviations (QNTPD); Bass-Darki aggression methods. To determine neuropsychic stability, the “Prognosis” method was used. The sample included 44 respondents. Results. The level of career adaptability in department heads of the territorial internal affairs agencies of the Krasnoyarsk Krai Territory is directly related to neuropsychic stability, which is due to the presence of significant correlations with the “Prognosis” method (0.8267). There are significant correlations of career adaptability with indicators of neurasthenia (0.4398) and vegetative disorders (0.4121) according to Kokoshkarova method. According to the results of the mathematical-statistical analysis of the relationships of career adaptability with the Cattell method, significant correlations were identified: C (-0.3659) – increase in emotional stability with the development of career adaptability; L (0.2758) – confidence; H (-0,2617) – leader’s courage and psychological readiness for justified risk; M (0,1922) – adaptability to everyday service and practical views protects the manager from losing touch with reality; N (0.1198) – career adaptability develops, straightforward behavior substitutes avoiding excessive scheming or inappropriate flexibility. Conclusion. The results can be used by practical psychologists when working with department heads of the territorial internal affairs agencies located in the republics of Hakassia, Tyva, Altay, Krasnoyarsk Krai, in the regions of Irkutsk, Kemerov, Tomsk. Further research to determine the impact of management conditions on transformations in the department heads ‘s personality is to be conducted.

Today, DNA sequencing is part of the standard repertoire of biological and medical research. Next generation sequencing (NGS), established around the mid-2000s, was the main catalyst for this development. NGS has led to major knowledge gains in the molecular life sciences. However, the new technology provides data that pose new challenges that both science and society still must learn to deal with. A technology-driven dynamic can already be observed in this field, leading to transformation processes in science, where new fields of research are emerging, but also in society, where questions of identity are increasingly being negotiated based on genetic analyses.

Next Generation Sequencing led to major knowledge gains in the molecular life sciences. But the new technology provides data that pose new challenges to both science and society. New fields of research are emerging and questions of identity on the basis of genetic analyses are being negotiated.

The topic of the contribution is the use/re-use of theatrical heritage, a system of spaces that offers heterogeneous ‘materials’ on which to run transformations processes: plays, sets, spaces. In the past, this happened harmonically following the changes in theatrical ‘action’, with stratifications in buildings, redesigns of decorative schemes, reuse of pre-existences that followed the demand for flexibility. The objective is to add new chapters to the ‘theatre proxemics’ that governs human behaviour in these spaces of social aggregation, in order to realign them to the prescriptions dictated by the pandemic. Performing arts, which already received insufficient attention from the Institutions, leading to a heated debate on the scarce economic resources, have experienced restrictions and closures during Covid-19 emergency, calling for the necessity of new values to give these spaces a second life.

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• Simplified network analysis reveals intricate wastewater transformation processes. • Structure of eliminated, consistent and formed pollutants differed significantly. • (De)methylation and dehydration were the most common reaction processes. • Various biological processes performed similarly but advanced treatments differed. • Common reactions and 22 TPs of 4 antihypertensive drugs were unveiled. As the key stage for purifying wastewater, elimination of emerging contaminants (ECs) is found to be fairly low in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). However, less knowledge is obtained regarding the transformation pathways between various chemical structures of ECs under different treatment processes. This study unveiled the transformation pathways of ECs with different structures in 15 WWTPs distributed across China by simplified network analysis (SNA) we proposed. After treatment, the molecular weight of the whole component of wastewater decreased and the hydrophilicity increased. There are significant differences in the structure of eliminated, consistent and formed pollutants. Amino acids, peptides, and analogues (AAPAs) were detected most frequently and most removable. Benzenoids were refractory. Triazoles were often produced. The high-frequency reactions in different WWTPs were similar, (de)methylation and dehydration occurred most frequently. Different biological treatment processes performed similarly, while some advanced treatment processes differed, such as a significant increase of -13.976 (2H O reaction) paired mass distances (PMDs) in the chlorine alone process. Further, the common structural transformation was uncovered. 4 anti-hypertensive drugs, including irbesartan, valsartan, olmesartan, and losartan, were identified, along with 22 transformation products (TPs) of them. O H 2 and H 2 O PMDs occurred most frequently and in 80.81 % of the parent-transformation product pairs, the intensity of the product was higher than parent in effluents, whose risk should be considered in future assessment activity. Together our results provide a macrography perspective on the transformation processes of ECs in WWTPs. In the future, selectively adopting wastewater treatment technology according to structures is conductive for eliminating recalcitrant ECs in WWTPs. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract. The existing methods of separate central banks, regulators of financial markets, international financial and credit institutions, rating agencies and consulting companies, which can be used partially to assess the quality of transformational processes taking place in the financial sector, are analyzed. An adequate methodical toolkit is proposed, which will allow to assess the potential of the domestic financial sector, to identify the patterns of transformation processes, and also to assess the impact of their quality on the functioning of financial intermediaries and to propose appropriate mechanisms for ensuring their further development. The structural-logical scheme of formation of criteria and system of indicators of the quality of transformational processes in the financial sector of the country’s economy is developed. Investigated general approaches are considered to be useful for developing a methodology for the integral assessment of the quality of transformation processes in the financial sector of the economy by specifying the content of the main stages and methodological approaches to the goals and object of the research. Assessment of the quality of transformation processes in the financial sector of the national economy is an ambiguous process. This is due to the fact that, firstly, in this regard it can be considered as the impact of transformations on the quality of objects, and as the quality of the transformations in particular. Secondly, transformation processes in the financial sector of the national economy can be positive and negative; general and specific; large-scale and minor; systematic and dotted; intensive and extensive; priority and non-priority; stimulating and moderating; divergent; resource, technological, institutional, organizational, quality, behavioral; timely and spatial; painful, conflict and non-conflict; and also they are made with different expenses. Thirdly, both expected and actual results of transformation processes in the financial sector should be assessed. Keywords: financial sector, transformation, transformation processes, indicators of the quality of transformation processes, methodology for assessing the quality of transformational processes. Formulas: 6; fig.: 1; tabl.: 0; bibl.: 15.

The existing methods of separate central banks, regulators of financial markets, international financial and credit institutions, rating agencies and consulting companies, which can be used partially to assess the quality of transformational processes taking place in the financial sector, are analyzed. An adequate methodical toolkit is proposed, which will allow to assess the potential of the domestic financial sector, to identify the patterns of transformation processes, and also to assess the impact of their quality on the functioning of financial intermediaries and to propose appropriate mechanisms for ensuring their further development. The structural-logical scheme of formation of criteria and system of indicators of the quality of transformational processes in the financial sector of the country’s economy is developed. Investigated general approaches are considered to be useful for developing a methodology for the integral assessment of the quality of transformation processes in the financial sector of the economy by specifying the content of the main stages and methodological approaches to the goals and object of the research. Assessment of the quality of transformation processes in the financial sector of the national economy is an ambiguous process. This is due to the fact that, firstly, in this regard it can be considered as the impact of transformations on the quality of objects, and as the quality of the transformations in particular. Secondly, transformation processes in the financial sector of the national economy can be positive and negative; general and specific; large-scale and minor; systematic and dotted; intensive and extensive; priority and non-priority; stimulating and moderating; divergent; resource, technological, institutional, organizational, quality, behavioral; timely and spatial; painful, conflict and non-conflict; and also they are made with different expenses. Thirdly, both expected and actual results of transformation processes in the financial sector should be assessed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The relevance of the study is due to the absence in the scientific literature of an unambiguous definition of the concept of "transformation of the agrarian sphere." In our understanding, the transformation of the agrarian sphere is a socio-geographical proc-ess that is characterized by a change in the sectoral, territorial structure and system of the agrarian sphere on different scales, caused by the transformation of the entire economic system or certain of its structural elements. The reasons for significant changes in the agrarian sphere of Ukraine is the change in the socio-political, economic and other spheres, the heterogeneity of natural conditions and the demographic situation. The beginning of the agrarian transformation in Ukraine is considered the period of its independence, since there was a transition from the command-administrative economic system to the market one. However, due to the lack of clear goals of transformation, this process did not bring the expected results. Transformational processes of the agrarian sphere are the driving force of the socio-economic development of the regions, es-pecially in the rural areas, since they contribute to the stabilization of the economic, ecological, social spheres of the life of the rural population; ensure an increase in the quality of life of the population, provide equal opportunities for achieving material, ecological and social well-being, improving the quality of the state of the environment, developing nature management in the national interests of the country and preserving resources for future generations, life expectancy and stabilization of the population of Ukraine. Scientific novelty of the work consists in studying the transformational processes of the agrarian sphere from the standpoint of social geography, considering the transformation as a socio-geographical process, identifying the factors of these processes and the relationship of the agrarian sphere with the socio-economic development of the regions.

The article analyzes the features of the integration of small post-Soviet countries like Georgia, as an example, into the system of international relations with other world transformation processes happening at the same time. It also shows the special role of the United Nations in the formation of a statehood of these new states as subjects of world political interaction, as well as inconsistencies in the interpretation of the basic UN regulations. Attempt is made to understand the modern trends of Georgia’s foreign policy strategy. The authors concluded that small states should strive for a realistic understanding of their place in regional and global environment of world politics.

The article considers the theoretical essence of the category “national economy” in a narrow and broad sense and identifies its following features: versatility of the links between its structural elements and their integrity; hierarchy of the structure of the national economy, dynamism, openness. The main trend of development of the national economy, which is manifested in the transformation processes, is determined. The following transformation processes of the national economy are identified: system-forming, system-affirming, system-reproducing. Theories of structural transformation of the national economy are considered. There determined relations that characterize the reproductive structure of the national economy: between the main stages of the movement of the aggregate social product; between the forms of the aggregate social product according to the natural-material composition; between elements and forms of the aggregate social product by a functional role; between the constituent parts of social production; between the replacement of the means of production used and the newly created products. Based on the data of the World Bank on the structure of the gross added value of groups of countries in terms of income and regional characteristics in the context of individual spheres, the practical analysis of the structure of the national economy in different countries is carried out. It is established that for the last five years the trend of development of enterprises in the sphere of services has grown.

Innovation and investment development is an important pre-requisite, to form competitive environment, improve the efficiency of economic entities and the liberalization process, in general. Foreign experience convincingly shows that liberalization processes in terms of radical adaptation of legislation, as well as stability, reliability and continuity of power supply (provided that the energy sector is demonopolized) are considered efficient if causing synergistic effect, making the performance of power supply business entities by times better than it used to be. The article studies the features of the transformation processes in the energy markets in the advanced countries and in Europe. A review of the criteria that formed the basis for the study has been carried out. The author identifies some consequences of the abovementioned reform of the regional energy sector markets, carried out by integrating the country’s industrial sector development. It is also mentioned that the specificity of territorial and climatic conditions should promote the search for and implementation of a model that would ensure the continuity and multi-functionality of national and regional energy markets. The stages of the reform have been monitored. The analysis of the implementation of the regulatory framework was focused on the following points: the differentiation of certain activities related to the transportation, production, purchase and sale of energy; unification of the single tariff for using energy resources on all the EU territories. It has been found out that the process of reforming the energy markets has no universal scenario that could accelerate these processes, as the transformation is only carried out under special conditions specific to a particular country. The experience of the advanced countries has shown that the consequences of the reform differ despite the application of the same models. It is noted that during the liberalization of energy markets, the EU countries primarily aimed at implementing regulatory instruments, and structurally divided them into 3 stages for the entire reformation period. The future scenario of reforming Ukraine’s energy market is outlined, taking into account the experience of the advanced countries with an emphasis on the following sectors: «the market of direct bilateral agreements», «futures market», «balancing market», «related market». The industry reform and its structural support have been monitored. The measures to be taken to reform the energy market are systematized in 4 groups: regulatory and legal, organizational and structural, financial and investment, technical and innovative measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Amino acids is an important organic nitrogen compound class in aerosol. Its origins and transformation in the atmosphere remain poorly understood. The concentrations of free amino acids (FAAs) and combined amino acids (CAAs) and δ15N values of free and combined Glycine (Gly) in PM2.5 and main emission sources (plant, soil, and aerosol from biomass burning) were investigated from five sampling sites in Nanchang area (Jiangxi Province, China). Our results showed that the composition profiles of CAAs and FAAs were quite different from each other in PM2.5. For CAAs, percentages of individual combined amino acids were different between biomass burning sources and plant or soil sources, and we found that the composition profiles of aerosol CAAs could reflect the contribution of the main emission sources. For FAAs, a predominance of free Gly was observed in aerosol FAAs pool because atmospheric photooxidative processes could increase free Gly and decrease other reactive FAAs. This implied that the composition of aerosol FAAs could not reflect their origins. A strong correlation between δ15NF‐Gly values in aerosols or sources and the δ15NC‐Gly values in their parent CAAs was observed, indicating that the isotope effect associated with Gly transformation in aerosols may be small. Additionally, we found more positive δ15NGly in aerosols emitted by biomass burning, which was likely due to 15N‐depleted amino‐N loss from Gly molecule. The results suggested that δ15NGly values in aerosols might be used to identify biomass burning sources. Key Points: The composition of CAAs in aerosols may reflect their emission sourcesThe composition of aerosol FAAs was modified by atmospheric photooxidative processes and could not reflect their originsNitrogen isotopic composition of Gly may be used as an effective tool to identify biomass burning source [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper seeks to identify and assess the polarising, indirect and direct favourable in- fluence of Belgrade, as the capital and the largest city in Serbia, in the development of settlements and centres within its administrative area, i.e. the territory administratively named the City of Belgrade. The paper includes an analysis of demographic trends, including commuting trends, and the functional and morphological changes in the settlements of the Belgrade region between 1971 and 2011. Various analytical and synthetic methods have been used to assess the investigated territory's degree of transformation, including both positive effects and the negative consequences of the impact of various factors. Suburban areas are not clearly delimited. Belgrade's urban area is not marked by social segregation. The initial hypothesis that the Belgrade region underwent a complex and multifaceted transformation has been confirmed, which will significantly determine future planning solutions, especially as regards the identified causes of the transformation, the factors of which have not been significantly changed in the transition, post-socialist period. The appropriateness of development planning measures and governing policies in this area is of crucial importance for the country as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Historical Searches / Historijska Traganja is the property of Institute for History, University of Sarajevo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The food quality assurance before selling is a needed requirement intended for protecting consumer interests. In the same way, it is also indispensable to promote continuous improvement of sensory and nutritional properties. In this regard, food research has recently contributed with studies focused on the use of ‘foodomics’. This review focuses on the use of this technology, represented by transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, for the control and quality improvement of dairy products. The complex matrix of these foods requires sophisticated technology able to extract large amounts of information with which to influence their aptitude for consumption. Thus, throughout the article, different applications of the aforementioned technologies are described and discussed in essential matters related to food quality, such as the detection of fraud and/or adulterations, microbiological safety, and the assessment and improvement of transformation industrial processes (e.g., fermentation and ripening). The magnitude of the reported results may open the door to an in-depth transformation of the most conventional analytical processes, with the introduction of new techniques that allow a greater understanding of the biochemical phenomena occurred in this type of food.

The subject of research is to study the ways of transforming Ukraine’s economy that can ensure more effective progress. The goal of the research is to study the proposed most effective ways of transforming Ukraine’s economy connected with the system of renewal of Ukrainian identity and subjectivity. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research was the project «Ukraine’s Economic Policy– Defining the Future»it was proposed by Ukrainian economists as a policy sense for ensuring the growth of the country's economy on a new technological basis. The results of scientific work focus on the reconstructive type of economic development, which, based on the disclosure of the subjects’ internal potential of the country’s socio-economic system, is capable of ensuring the functioning of a balanced national market and helping it incorporation in the system of world economic relations. Practical implications. The results of the research may be used to study problems of economic theory and national economy. Conclusions. The fourth industrial revolution is so large that around the world there is a rapid change in both the whole production systems and the administration and management systems. Ukraine, with its specific transformation period, needs to find the most optimal type of economic development, iscapable of ensuring the renewal of Ukrainian identity and subjectivity. The investigated reconstructive type of economic development can be used as a priority.

The article examines the changes in forest complex of Far East in 1990–2016 to determine the extent of their influence on the modern structure of the complex. The changes in institutional conditions in 1990s in the framework of general socio-economic reform resulted in the diversity of ownership types, changes of foreign trade rules and conditions of endowment of forest resource base. At the beginning of the 2000th the external factor, cutting off the national market, narrowing of the regional market, became stronger. The geography of forest export narrowed down and aimed at North-East Asia with China gradually dominating, which contributed to placing industries in the most developed parts of the south of Far East, close to external markets. The changes in the institutional conditions of the forest resource use, including, starting from 2007, forestry, timber industry and exports, limited the Far Eastern forest complex’s development as they led to breaking the stability of forest products market, destabilizing the conditions for business in the sphere. The forest exports policy led to decreasing the role of Russian exporters in the markets of North-East Asia. The crisis in the Far Eastern forest complex of 2010s caused the necessity of moving to “manual” management in the form of additional exemptions. The conclusion is drawn that despite the changes, the product and technology structure of the Far Eastern forest complex that shaped before reforms was a stable formation, invariant to institutional transformations that took place during the period in question

In Russian history we can distinguish several key stages of social and economic system transformation, when public and economic life in the country changed radically. Not many countries have got such a historic experience of reforms and living in different external and internal conditions. The article using findings of the research shows the role of historic inertia in key periods of social and economic system transformation in the Russian Federation. The author provides examples and parallels between reforms of the soviet period and present day Russian transformation processes: their common features and laws were identified. Steps aimed at overcoming historic predetermination of reforms' realization were put forward.