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Our objective was to harness the power of interactive visualizations by utilizing open-source tools to develop an efficient strategy for visualizing Single Nucleotide Polymorphism data within a livestock population, focusing on tracking the transmission of haplotypes. To achieve this, we simulated a realistic beef cattle population in order to obtain phased haplotypes and generate the necessary inputs for creating our visualizations. The visualization tool was built using Python and the Plotly library, which enables interactivity. We set out to explore three scenarios: trio comparison, visualization of grandparents, and half-sibling evaluation. These scenarios enabled us to trace the inheritance of genetic segments, identify crossover events, and uncover common regions within related and unrelated animals. The potential applications of this approach are significant, particularly for improving genomic selection in smaller breeding programs and farms, and it provides valuable insights for guiding more in-depth genomic region analysis. Beyond its practical applications, we believe this strategy can be a valuable educational tool, helping educators clarify complex concepts like Mendelian sampling and haplotypic diversity. Furthermore, we hope it will encourage livestock producers to adopt advanced technologies like genotyping and genomic selection, thereby contributing to the advancement of livestock genetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Striga hermonthica [Del.] Benth. (Sh) is a noxious parasitic weed causing substantial yield loss in sub-Saharan Africa's pearl millet. The objective of this study was to determine the gene action and inheritance of Sh resistance in newly developed pearl millet populations to guide selection and genetic advancement. Bi-parental crosses were derived from pairs of pearl millet lines by contrasting reactions to Striga infestations. The two sets of parental lines, F1s, F2s, and backcrosses, were evaluated using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Data on the number of Striga counted at 60 and 80 days after planting were collected. The analysis of the variance showed significant (P < 0.001) differences among the generations across sets for Sh parameters. Duplicate gene action controlled the inheritance of the number of emerged Sh. Unique F2 individuals with Sh resistance were selected from the two sets for genetic advancement through recurrent selection methods for pearl millet variety development by integrating desirable agronomic and farmer-preferred traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transgressive variability of traits, especially quantitative ones determined by polymers, is quite a frequent phenomenon. It can be conditioned and controlled, which is the purpose of the above studies. To solve this problem, it is necessary to create genetic variability adequate to climate volatility by means of hybridization using certain principles, then determine the nature of the dominance of the traits being studied, which is the mass of grain per plant, 1000-grain weight, and the length of an ear in this case. The growing conditions of the hybrids had hardly any effect on its appearance. For further work, F1 hybrids with overdominance (OD), dominance, incomplete (ID), and partial dominance (PD) of the traits under consideration were retained. The study of selected populations in F2 made it possible to divide the studied array into three types: populations with an excess of parents (in our case, by grain weight per plant), with intermediate inheritance of a trait, and by the type of the best parent. For overdominance in F1, transgression in F2–Fn, on the average over the years of study, manifested itself in 80.8% of the combinations isolated in the first generation (one fifth was the modifications that are not inherited), with intermediate inheritance in 67% of combinations, and by the type of the best parent, in 11.1% (with a rather low frequency and degree). According to this method, after studying in the breeding and control nurseries, the varieties Bogema, Granta, Volnaya Zarya, Constanta 22, Mirabell 20, etc. were identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bracts of the globe artichoke inflorescence vary in their pigmentation and the extent of fleshy thorn development. Here, a genetic analysis of these two traits is presented, based on a pre-existing and well-characterized mapping population derived from a cross between a globe artichoke variety and a cultivated cardoon. While both traits appeared to be simply inherited when the number of trait classes was limited to three (pigmentation) or two (thorniness), extending the classification to a larger number of states generated continuous distributions appropriate for a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis. The seven QTL identified by this means, mapping to five different linkage groups, were all expressed across two growing seasons. The largest effect QTL mapped onto homologues linkage group in each parental maps, and explained up to 69 and 73 % of the phenotypic variance respectively for bracts pigmentation and thorniness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Controlled crosses in bambara groundnut were attempted between a range of thirty-six bambara groundnut landraces (thirty domesticated ( V. subterranea var. subterranea) and six wild (V. subterranea var. spontanea)). Ten F1 seed were produced. Of these, eight germinated producing F2 populations. On seed set, four populations could be unambiguously confirmed as true crosses by F3 seed coat colour. A single F2 population, derived from a domesticated landrace from Botswana (DipC; female parent) crossed with a wild accession collected in Cameroon (VSSP11; male parent) was used to study a range of agronomic and domestication traits. These included; days to emergence, days to flowering, internode (fourth) length at harvest, number of stems per plant, leaf area, Specific Leaf Area ( SLA), Carbon Isotope Discrimination ( CID), 100 seed weight, testa colour and eye pattern around the hilum. On the basis of variation for internode length and stems per plant, 14 small F3 families were selected and grown under field conditions to further investigate the genetic basis of the ‘spreading’ versus ‘bunched’ plant character, a major difference between wild and cultivated bambara groundnut. Results presented suggest that traits including leaf area, SLA, CID and 100 seed weight are controlled by several genes. In contrast, the variation for traits such as internode length, stems per plant, days to emergence and seed eye pattern around the hilum are likely to be under largely monogenic control. The results of this work are discussed in relation to the domestication of bambara groundnut. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genetic basis for crown rust resistance was analysed in the progeny of reciprocal crosses between Lolium multiflorum plants that were either resistant (cv. ‘Axis’) or susceptible to crown rust. The progeny harvested from the resistant parent was two- to seven-fold more resistant than the progeny harvested from the susceptible parent. These data indicate the presence of a maternal factor which increases resistance to crown rust in some of the ryegrass plants used as parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]