43 results on '"traffic and transport"'
Search Results
2. Interdisciplinary Research in Production, Logistics and Traffic: Introduction to Dynamo PLV and Overview of the Book
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Abele, Eberhard, Boltze, Manfred, Pfohl, Hans-Christian, Abele, Eberhard, editor, Boltze, Manfred, editor, and Pfohl, Hans-Christian, editor
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- 2017
- Full Text
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3. Threats and violence towards urban bus drivers in Sweden : Drivers experiences and general recommendations to prevent violence and threats
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Anund, Anna, Ihlström, Jonas, Anund, Anna, and Ihlström, Jonas
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: Approximately 30% of Swedish urban bus drivers report having been exposed to threats or violence. As 50% of drivers have voiced concerns about the occurrences, threats and violence also represent contributing factors to driver stress and fatigue. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore bus drivers' experience of threats and violence; how threats and violence manifests and how the problem is handled by drivers. Gaining understanding of the circumstances is important to reduce the number of threats and violent incidents to provide healthy and attractive working conditions for drivers. METHODS: This study is based on in-depth interviews with 12 urban bus drivers in the City of Malmö in Sweden. RESULTS: Urban bus drivers experience threats daily from passengers, although physical violence occurs less often. The most common situations resulting in threats involve asking passengers to show valid tickets, denying child carriages onboard and running late to a bus stop. The drivers have not received clear guidelines as to strategic handling of the invalid ticket situation. CONCLUSIONS: Recommendations include a clear policy and consensus with regard to handling invalid tickets, providing drivers with guidelines for appropriate procedures for passengers refusing to pay, improving reporting routines and establishing a strategy for the Public Transportation provider and operator to follow with regard to reports, in-vehicle surveillance cameras including informing passengers that they are being video recorded as well as harmonizing the location of alarm buttons on buses.
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- 2022
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- View/download PDF
4. The nutrition and health status of residents of the northern regions of russia: Outlook of vertical agricultural farms
- Author
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Didenko, N. I., Davydenko, V. A., Magaril, E. R., Romashkina, G. F., Skripnuk, D. F., Kulik, S. V., Didenko, N. I., Davydenko, V. A., Magaril, E. R., Romashkina, G. F., Skripnuk, D. F., and Kulik, S. V.
- Abstract
This paper is dedicated to studying the nutrition, health status and food provision of the people living the northern regions of Russia. The authors developed a concept of comprehensive interdisciplinary research of traditional and innovative behavioral practices of actors in the northern regions of Russia in the field of food production and consumption in order to study the structure of nutrition of the population, its health status and the technologies that are used to provide the people with food products. The interdisciplinary comprehensive research applied the following methods: (a) statistical method; (b) sociological method of mass survey; (c) sociological method of expert interviews; (d) method of feasibility study; (e) method of mathematical modeling. According to the results of the analysis, the nutrition of the people living in the norther regions is characterized by insufficient consumption of fresh vegetables, meat and processed meat, fish and seafood, milk and dairy products, some vitamins and bio-elements (such as selenium, calcium) and excessive consumption of saturated fats and flour products. The following problems related to providing the population of the northern regions of Russia with food products were identified: The agriculture in almost all northern regions of Russia has negative profitability; imported food products and food ingredients are mostly used; there are drawbacks of logistics, transportation and storage of food products; the natural and climate conditions are unfavorable for traditional agriculture. The paper substantiates the economic, environmental, social, and political advantages of highly automated agro-industrial complex of vertical farming as an alternative method for providing food security of the inhabitants of the northern regions of Russia. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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- 2021
5. A unified model framework for the multiattribute consistent periodic vehicle routing problem
- Author
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Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Ciencias, Matemáticas y Aplicaciones, Baldoquin M.G., Martine J.A., Diaz-Ramirez J., Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Ciencias, Matemáticas y Aplicaciones, Baldoquin M.G., Martine J.A., and Diaz-Ramirez J.
- Abstract
Modeling real-life transportation problems usually require the simultaneous incorporation of different variants of the classical vehicle routing problem (VRP). The periodic VRP (PVRP) is a classical extension in which routes are determined for a planning period of several days and each customer has an associated set of allowable visit schedules. This work proposes a unified model framework for PVRP that consists of multiple attributes or variants not previously addressed simultaneously, such as time-windows, time-dependence, and consistency-which guarantees the visits to customer by the same vehicle-, together with three objective functions that respond to the needs of practical problems. The numerical experimentation is focused on the effects of three factors: frequency, depot centrality, and the objective function on the performance of a general-purpose MILP solver, through the analysis of the achieved relative gaps. Results show higher sensitivity to the objective functions and to the problem sizes. © 2020 Baldoquin et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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- 2021
6. State of the Evidence Traffic Lights 2019: Systematic Review of Interventions for Preventing and Treating Children with Cerebral Palsy.
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Hines A., Langdon K., Namara M.M., Paton M.C., Popat H., Morgan C., Shore B., Novak I., Khamis A., Stanton E., Finemore O.P., Tricks A., te Velde A., Dark L., Morton N., Badawi N., Fahey M., Finch-Edmondson M., Galea C., Hines A., Langdon K., Namara M.M., Paton M.C., Popat H., Morgan C., Shore B., Novak I., Khamis A., Stanton E., Finemore O.P., Tricks A., te Velde A., Dark L., Morton N., Badawi N., Fahey M., Finch-Edmondson M., and Galea C.
- Abstract
Purpose of Review: Cerebral palsy is the most common physical disability of childhood, but the rate is falling, and severity is lessening. We conducted a systematic overview of best available evidence (2012-2019), appraising evidence using GRADE and the Evidence Alert Traffic Light System and then aggregated the new findings with our previous 2013 findings. This article summarizes the best available evidence interventions for preventing and managing cerebral palsy in 2019. Recent Findings: Effective prevention strategies include antenatal corticosteroids, magnesium sulfate, caffeine, and neonatal hypothermia. Effective allied health interventions include acceptance and commitment therapy, action observations, bimanual training, casting, constraint-induced movement therapy, environmental enrichment, fitness training, goal-directed training, hippotherapy, home programs, literacy interventions, mobility training, oral sensorimotor, oral sensorimotor plus electrical stimulation, pressure care, stepping stones triple P, strength training, task-specific training, treadmill training, partial body weight support treadmill training, and weight-bearing. Effective medical and surgical interventions include anti-convulsants, bisphosphonates, botulinum toxin, botulinum toxin plus occupational therapy, botulinum toxin plus casting, diazepam, dentistry, hip surveillance, intrathecal baclofen, scoliosis correction, selective dorsal rhizotomy, and umbilical cord blood cell therapy. Summary: We have provided guidance about what works and what does not to inform decision-making, and highlighted areas for more research.Copyright © 2020, The Author(s).
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- 2020
7. The Nutrition and Health Status of Residents of the Northern Regions of Russia: Outlook of Vertical Agricultural Farms
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Gulnara F. Romashkina, Djamilia F. Skripnuk, Nikolay Didenko, Elena Magaril, Sergei V. Kulik, and Vladimir A. Davydenko
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0106 biological sciences ,AGRICULTURE ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,CLIMATE CHANGE ,TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT ,HEALTH STATUS ,lcsh:Medicine ,RUSSIAN FEDERATION ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,food practices of the population in the northern regions of Russia ,Agricultural economics ,Russia ,FLOUR ,MILK ,FOOD STORAGE ,AGRICULTURAL LAND ,Vegetables ,MATHEMATICAL MODEL ,Processed meat ,education.field_of_study ,Food security ,FEASIBILITY STUDY ,FOOD SECURITY ,HUMAN ,Agriculture ,NUTRITIONAL STATUS ,DAIRY PRODUCTS ,FEMALE ,SEA FOOD ,NUTRITION ,Profitability index ,environment ,SATURATED FATTY ACID ,SELENIUM ,Population ,PROCESSED MEAT ,Nutritional Status ,CALCIUM ,Article ,DIET ,vertical agricultural farm ,FOOD PRACTICES OF THE POPULATION IN THE NORTHERN REGIONS OF RUSSIA ,VERTICAL AGRICULTURAL FARM ,VITAMIN ,ADULT ,FISH ,DAIRY PRODUCT ,Animals ,ARTICLE ,education ,RUSSIA ,VEGETABLES ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,HEALTHY FOOD ,VEGETABLE ,Consumption (economics) ,ENVIRONMENT ,healthy food ,MALE ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,ANIMALS ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,YOUNG ADULT ,Vertical farming ,ANIMAL ,Diet ,CONTROLLED STUDY ,Food processing ,Dairy Products ,business ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
This paper is dedicated to studying the nutrition, health status and food provision of the people living the northern regions of Russia. The authors developed a concept of comprehensive interdisciplinary research of traditional and innovative behavioral practices of actors in the northern regions of Russia in the field of food production and consumption in order to study the structure of nutrition of the population, its health status and the technologies that are used to provide the people with food products. The interdisciplinary comprehensive research applied the following methods: (a) statistical method, (b) sociological method of mass survey, (c) sociological method of expert interviews, (d) method of feasibility study, (e) method of mathematical modeling. According to the results of the analysis, the nutrition of the people living in the norther regions is characterized by insufficient consumption of fresh vegetables, meat and processed meat, fish and seafood, milk and dairy products, some vitamins and bio-elements (such as selenium, calcium) and excessive consumption of saturated fats and flour products. The following problems related to providing the population of the northern regions of Russia with food products were identified: the agriculture in almost all northern regions of Russia has negative profitability, imported food products and food ingredients are mostly used, there are drawbacks of logistics, transportation and storage of food products, the natural and climate conditions are unfavorable for traditional agriculture. The paper substantiates the economic, environmental, social, and political advantages of highly automated agro-industrial complex of vertical farming as an alternative method for providing food security of the inhabitants of the northern regions of Russia.
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- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Reality and perspectives of a model for the population that obtains its income with the use of an animal-drawn vehicle in the city of Bogota.
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Aparicio, Sánchez, Fernando., Ismael, Villalobos, Romero, and Alberto, Oswaldo
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ECONOMIC activity ,ECONOMIC models ,INCOME ,CORRESPONDENCE analysis (Communications) ,MATHEMATICAL models - Abstract
This paper analyzes the structure of the data collected in the population dependent or receives its revenues in the use of animal-drawn vehicle, to extract an economic model for the development of this activity (which is currently done with these vehicles and is unbusinesslike) introducing formal parameters, as well as replacement of the vehicle analyzes the development of this activity in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2013
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9. Active commuting to and from university, obesity and metabolic syndrome among Colombian university students
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Enrique Hernández, Alejandra Tordecilla-Sanders, Mikel Izquierdo, Carolina Sandoval-Cuellar, Katherine González-Ruíz, Emilio Villa-González, Robinson Ramírez-Vélez, Daniel Humberto Prieto-Benavides, Andrea del Pilar Quintero, Antonio García-Hermoso, Jorge Enrique Correa-Bautista, Universidad Pública de Navarra. Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, and Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa. Osasun Zientziak Saila
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Universities ,education ,Physical activity ,Transportation ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Walking ,Colombia ,Procedures ,Logistic regression ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Epidemiology ,Prevalence ,medicine ,Humans ,Traffic and transport ,Obesity ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Young adult ,Students ,Metabolic Syndrome ,University ,business.industry ,Public health ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,medicine.disease ,Metabolic syndrome ,Cardiometabolic risk ,Statistics and numerical data ,Metabolic syndrome x ,Female ,Student ,Biostatistics ,business ,Active transport ,Human ,Research Article ,Demography ,Young adults - Abstract
Background: There is limited evidence concerning how active commuting (AC) is associated with health benefits in young. The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between AC to and from campus (walking) and obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a sample of Colombian university students. Methods: A total of 784 university students (78.6% women, mean age = 20.1 ± 2.6 years old) participated in the study. The exposure variable was categorized into AC (active walker to campus) and non-AC (non/infrequent active walker to campus: car, motorcycle, or bus) to and from the university on a typical day. MetS was defined in accordance with the updated harmonized criteria of the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Results: The overall prevalence of MetS was 8.7%, and it was higher in non-AC than AC to campus. The percentage of AC was 65.3%. The commuting distances in this AC from/to university were 83.1%, 13.4% and 3.5% for < 2 km, 2- 5 km and > 5 km, respectively. Multiple logistic regressions for predicting unhealthy profile showed that male walking commuters had a lower probability of having obesity [OR = 0.45 (CI 95% 0.25–0.93)], high blood pressure [OR = 0.26 (CI 95% 0.13–0.55)] and low HDL cholesterol [OR = 0.29 (CI 95% 0.14–0.59)] than did passive commuters. Conclusions: Our results suggest that in young adulthood, a key life-stage for the development of obesity and MetS, AC could be associated with and increasing of daily physical activity levels, thereby promoting better cardiometabolic health., This study was part of the project entitled “Body Adiposity Index and Biomarkers of Endothelial and Cardiovascular Health in Adults”, which was funded by Centre for Studies on Measurement of Physical Activity, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario (Code N° FIUR DNBG001) and Universidad de Boyacá (Code N° RECT 60).
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- 2018
10. Societal trends, mobility behaviour and sustainable transport in Europe and North America: the European Union network STELLA.
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Rudinger, Georg, Donaghy, Kieran, and Poppelreuter, Stefan
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This contribution introduces the work of the European Union network Sustainable Transport in Europe and Links and Liaisons to America (STELLA) in the first section and examines especially social and behavioural aspects of sustainable transport from a transatlantic perspective in the second section. One of the most significant societal trends, the ageing of societies, is surveyed and its implications for mobility behaviour are shown. The sustainability of this behaviour is considered along with constraints and drivers of this behaviour in Europe and North America. The contribution takes up relevant policy issues and concludes with a discussion of a transatlantic research agenda on social and behavioural aspects of sustainable transport especially concerning the elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2004
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11. Evaluation of animal welfare conditions of South American camelids admitted to the Huancavelica municipal slaughterhouse, Peru
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Davila, C.E.S., Torres, G.J.M., Barbeito, C.G., and Ghezzi, M.D.
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nonhuman ,blunt trauma ,meat industry ,South American camelid ,food and beverages ,Transport ,ruminant ,food quality ,slaughterhouse ,Article ,animal welfare ,meat ,risk factor ,materials handling ,traffic accident ,Lesions ,traffic and transport ,camelid ,South American ,purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#4.03.01 [https] ,carcass - Abstract
Raising South American domestic camelids is the main source of subsistence in the Peruvian Andes. Under the understanding that pre-slaughter handling and transport practices can affect meat quality an evaluation was done of South American camelids based on animal welfare criteria and carcass lesions. Data were collected at the Huancavelica municipal slaughterhouse, Peru. A total of 203 carcasses were inspected post-slaughter for lesions from trauma. Information collected on transport included number of animals transported per vehicle, transport characteristics and animal handling practices. Every one of the 203 evaluated carcasses exhibited evidence of pre-slaughter mistreatment. A total of 1,418 lesions were recorded, with an average of 6.9 ± 0.2 per carcass; four animals (1.9 %) exhibited generalized traumas. Of the 27 animal group arrivals, half were in cars (50.0 %). Grade 2 and 3 lesions were associated with transport in any vehicle type (OR= 2.20, 95% CI: 1.27 - 3.82), and no vision restriction (OR= 2.26, 95% CI: 1.66 - 3.06). Large area lesions were associated with pre-slaughter wait times greater than 24 h (OR= 1.42, 95% CI: 0.99 - 2.03). South American camelid transport and handling practices at the studied slaughterhouse were generally poor and clearly compromised carcass quality as evidenced by ubiquitous lesions. Animal welfare criteria and regulations for South American camelids were not fulfilled.
- Published
- 2019
12. Associations between active commuting to school, sleep duration, and breakfast consumption in Ecuadorian young people
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Francisco Javier Huertas-Delgado, Yaira Barranco-Ruiz, Palma Chillón, Robinson Ramírez-Vélez, and Emilio Villa-González
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School ,Male ,Time Factors ,Poison control ,Transportation ,Procedures ,Time factor ,Suicide prevention ,Occupational safety and health ,0302 clinical medicine ,Prevalence ,Psychology ,Medicine ,Traffic and transport ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,Public health ,Schools ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Active commuting ,Sleep time ,Human experiment ,Girl ,Cross-sectional studies ,Breakfasts ,Female ,Ecuador ,Student ,Human ,Research Article ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,education ,Young ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Major clinical study ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Injury prevention ,Humans ,Meal ,Students ,Exercise ,Socioeconomic status ,Cross-sectional study ,Breakfast ,business.industry ,Time factors ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Gender ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Social status ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Statistics and numerical data ,School child ,Self Report ,Biostatistics ,Latin-Americans ,American ,business ,Sleep ,Controlled study ,Self report ,Demography - Abstract
Daily behaviours such as active commuting to school (ACS) could be a source of physical activity, contributing to the improvement of youth cardiovascular health, however, the relationship between ACS and other aspects of a youth’s health, such as sleep duration and breakfast consumption, require further clarification. The aims of this study were therefore: 1) to analyse the prevalence of modes of commuting to school, sleep duration, and breakfast consumption by age groups and gender, and 2) to analyse the association between ACS, sleep duration recommendations, and breakfast consumption by age groups and gender. The percentage of students meeting sleep duration and daily breakfast recommendations was lowest in older adolescents, and highest in children (6.3% versus 50.8% p < 0.001, and 62.1%, versus 76.8%, p = 0.001, respectively). Young adolescents and girls who met the sleep duration recommendations were more likely to be active commuters than their counterparts (OR = 4.25; 95% CI = 1.81 to 9.92, p = 0.001 and OR = 2.89; 95%CI = 1.01 to 8.27, p = 0.04, respectively). Young adolescents (13-15 yr) and girls who met the sleep duration recommendations during school days displayed a positive association with ACS. There was no association between ACS and breakfast consumption for any of the age groups or gender. Children (10-12 yr) were those that best meet with the adequate sleep duration and breakfast consumption recommendations., This study was supported by a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport [CAST17/00072]. Moreover, the study was partially supported by the University of Granada, Plan Propio de Investigación 2016, Excellence actions: Units of Excellence; Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health (UCEES).
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- 2019
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13. Mode of Commuting to School and Its Association with Physical Activity and Sedentary Habits in Young Ecuadorian Students
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Yaira Barranco-Ruiz, Emilio Villa-González, Palma Chillón, Robinson Ramírez-Vélez, and Alfredo Xavier Guevara-Paz
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School ,Male ,Youth ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Psychological intervention ,Juvenile ,physical activity ,lcsh:Medicine ,Transportation ,Walking ,Transportation mode ,0302 clinical medicine ,Medicine ,Traffic and transport ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,youth ,Schools ,School setting ,Cycling ,transport to school ,Human experiment ,mode of commuting ,Female ,Ecuador ,Student ,Human ,Adult ,Adolescent ,education ,Young ,Physical activity ,Major clinical study ,School health services ,Central region ,Young adolescents ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Transport to school ,Humans ,Mode of commuting ,Association (psychology) ,Self report ,Students ,School Health Services ,Commuting ,Questionnaire ,business.industry ,young ,lcsh:R ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,School health service ,030229 sport sciences ,Bicycling ,Young population ,Statistics and numerical data ,Habit ,School child ,Self Report ,business ,Demography - Abstract
Active commuting to and from school (ACS) could help to increase daily physical activity levels in youth, however, this association remains unknown in Ecuadorian youth. Thus, the aims of this study were (1) to determine the patterns of commuting to and from school and (2) to analyze the associations between ACS, physical activity (PA), and sedentary habits in Ecuadorian youth. A total of 732 students (65.3% males), aged 10&ndash, 18 years (children = 246, young adolescents = 310, older adolescents = 162) from the central region of Ecuador participated in this study. A self-report questionnaire, including the usual mode and frequency of commuting, distance from home to school (PACO-Questionnaire), and PA and sedentary habits (YAP-Questionnaire), was used. Most of the sample lived &le, 2 km from school, however, they were mainly passive commuters (96%). The most common mode of commuting was by car (to school = 43.4%, from school = 31.6%, p <, 0.001). Children presented significantly higher scores (0&ndash, 4) in PA outside school and total PA compared with older adolescents (2.20 ±, 0.97 vs. 1.97 ±, 0.96, p = 0.013 and 2.30 ±, 0.76 vs. 2.09 ±, 0.74, p = 0.019, respectively), as well as the lowest scores in sedentary habits (1.51 ±, 0.65, p <, 0.001). PA at school and total PA were positively associated with ACS (OR 3.137, 95% CI, 1.918 to 5.131, 0.001, and OR 2.543, 95% CI, 1.428 to 4.527, p = 0.002, respectively). In conclusion, passive modes of transportation were the most frequently used to commute to and from school in young Ecuadorians. PA at school and total PA were positively associated with ACS. Thus, interventions at school setting could be an opportunity to improve PA levels and additionally ACS in youth from the central region of Ecuador.
- Published
- 2018
14. Direct and indirect costs incurred by Australian living kidney donors.
- Author
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Sontrop J.M., Cuerden M., Klarenbach S., Garg A.X., Boudville N., Barnieh L., Kanellis J., McDonald S., Arnold J., Sontrop J.M., Cuerden M., Klarenbach S., Garg A.X., Boudville N., Barnieh L., Kanellis J., McDonald S., and Arnold J.
- Abstract
Aim: To describe the direct and indirect costs incurred by Australian living kidney donors. Method(s): A total of 55 living kidney donors from three centres in Perth, Australia and one centre in Melbourne, Australia (2010-2014) was studied. Forty-nine donors provided information on expenses incurred during the donor evaluation period and up to 3 months after donation. A micro-costing approach was used to measure and value the units of resources consumed. Expenses were grouped as direct costs (ground and air travel, accommodation, and prescription medications) and indirect costs (lost wages and lost productivity). Costs were standardized to the year 2016 in Australian dollars. Result(s): The most common direct costs were for ground travel (100%), parking (76%), and post-donation pain medications or antibiotics (73%). The highest direct costs were for air travel (median $1986 [three donors]) and ground travel (median $459 [49 donors]). Donors also reported lost wages (median $9891 [37 donors]). The inability to perform household activities or care for dependants were reported by 32 (65%) and 23 (47%) donors. Total direct costs averaged $1682 per donor (median $806 among 49 donors). Total indirect costs averaged $7249 per donor (median $7273 among 49 donors). Total direct and indirect costs averaged $8932 per donor (median $7963 among 49 donors). Conclusion(s): Many Australian living kidney donors incur substantial costs during the donation process. Our findings inform the continued development of policies and programmes designed to minimize costs incurred by living kidney donors.Copyright © 2017 Asian Pacific Society of Nephrology
- Published
- 2018
15. Nuestras Historias- Designing a novel digital story intervention through participatory methods to improve maternal and child health in the Peruvian Amazon
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Neha P. Limaye, Cesar Carcamo, Andrea C. Rivas-Nieto, and Magaly M. Blas
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health care delivery ,Persuasion ,workshop ,Maternal Health ,health care survey ,Psychological intervention ,Video Recording ,Social Sciences ,lcsh:Medicine ,Transportation ,Pediatrics ,Labor and Delivery ,0302 clinical medicine ,Sociology ,Pregnancy ,Peruvian ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Peru ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Photovoice ,Photography ,Psychology ,traffic and transport ,Public and Occupational Health ,030212 general & internal medicine ,lcsh:Science ,maternal welfare ,media_common ,Child health ,Multidisciplinary ,4. Education ,Child Health ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,3. Good health ,female ,Health education and awareness ,Health Education and Awareness ,Engineering and Technology ,health program ,Female ,Workshops ,0305 other medical science ,Research Article ,Adult ,education program ,health care personnel ,Imaging Techniques ,media_common.quotation_subject ,rural area ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Article ,medical photography ,Education ,educational status ,Domestic violence ,03 medical and health sciences ,Nursing ,male ,Humans ,Narrative ,human ,Labor and delivery ,Curriculum ,purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.02.03 [https] ,Behavior ,030505 public health ,Digital storytelling ,pregnancy outcome ,maternal mortality ,questionnaire ,videorecording ,lcsh:R ,Community Participation ,Biology and Life Sciences ,program acceptability ,Health Care ,Birth ,Women's Health ,lcsh:Q ,Rural area - Abstract
Background In rural areas of the Loreto region within the Peruvian Amazon, maternal mortality rate is above the national average and the majority of women deliver at home without care from a trained health care provider. Methods To develop community-tailored videos that could be used for future interventions, we conducted Photovoice and digital storytelling workshops with community health workers (CHW) and mothers from 13 rural communities in the Parinari district. Through Photovoice we recognized local barriers to healthy pregnancies. Participants (n = 28) were trained in basic photography skills and ethics. They captured photos representing perceived pregnancy-related road-blocks and supports, and these photos identified central themes. Participants recorded personal stories and “storyboarded” to develop digital stories around these themes, and a Digital Story Curriculum called Nuestras Historias (Our Stories), was created. An acceptability survey of the digital stories was then conducted including 47 men (M) and 60 women (F). Results According to the PhotoVoice workshops, pregnancy-related problems included: lack of partner support, domestic violence, early pregnancies, difficulty attending prenatal appointments, and complications during pregnancy and delivery. Over 30 stories on these themes were recorded. Seven were selected based on clarity, thematic relevance, and narrative quality and were edited by a professional filmmaker. The acceptability survey showed that local participants found the digital stories novel (M = 89.4%, F = 83.3%), relatable (M = 89.4%, F = 93.2%), educational (M = 91.5%, F = 93.3%) and shareable (M = 100%, F = 100%). Over 90% of respondents rated the digital stories as “Excellent” or “Good”, found the videos “Useful” and considered them “Relevant” to their communities. Conclusions The digital stories address community-specific problems through narrative persuasion using local voices and photography. This combination had a high acceptability among the target population and can serve as a model for developing educational strategies in a community-tailored manner. This package of seven videos will be further evaluated through a cluster randomized trial.
- Published
- 2018
16. Diversity in fall characteristics hampers effective prevention: the precipitants, the environment, the fall and the injury.
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Lim K., Busija L., Stuart A.L., Sanders K.M., Nicholson G.C., Scott D., Macleod A., Lim K., Busija L., Stuart A.L., Sanders K.M., Nicholson G.C., Scott D., and Macleod A.
- Abstract
Summary: Falls among the elderly are common and characteristics may differ between injurious and non-injurious falls. Among 887 older Australian women followed for 1.6 years, 32% fell annually. Only 8.5% resulted in fracture and/or hospital admission. The characteristics of those falls are indistinguishable from those not coming to medical attention. Introduction: The precipitants and environment of all falls occurring among a large cohort of older Caucasian women were categorised by injury status to determine if the characteristics differed between injurious and non-injurious falls. Method(s): Among 887 Australian women (70+ years), falls were ascertained using monthly postcard calendars and a questionnaire was administered for each fall. Hospital admissions and fractures were independently confirmed. Result(s): All falls were reported for a mean observation time of 577 (IQR 546-607) days per participant, equating to a total 1400 person-years. Thirty-two percent fell at least once per year. The most common features of a fall were that the faller was walking (61%) at home (61%) during the day (88%) and lost balance (32%). Only 12% of all falls occurred at night. Despite no difference in the type of injury between day and night, the likelihood of being hospitalised from a fall at night was 4.5 times greater than that of a daytime fall with adjustment for injury type and participant age (OR 4.5, 95% CI 2.1, 9.5; p < 0.001). Of all falls, approximately one third were associated with no injury to the faller (31%), one third reported a single injury (37%) and one third reported more than one injury (32%). In 95% of falls, the faller was not admitted to hospital. Only 5% of falls resulted in fracture(s). Conclusion(s): Our findings demonstrate the significant diversity of precipitants and environment where falls commonly occur among older community-dwelling women. Falls resulting in fracture and/or hospital admission collectively represent 8.5% of all falls and their char
- Published
- 2017
17. Prevalence of papular urticaria caused by flea bites and associated factors in children 1–6 years of age in Bogotá, D.C
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Pablo Chaparro, Elizabeth Borrero, Milcíades Ibáñez-Pinilla, Evelyne Halpert, Elizabeth García, Jorge Molina, and Maritza Torres
- Subjects
Male ,Skin examination ,Pediatrics ,Cross-sectional study ,Disease ,Logistic regression ,Soil ,030207 dermatology & venereal diseases ,0302 clinical medicine ,Prevalence ,Immunology and Allergy ,Traffic and transport ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,Original Research ,Priority journal ,Risk assessment ,education.field_of_study ,Atopic dermatitis ,Papular urticaria ,Medical history ,Female ,Dermatologist ,Human ,Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Sibling ,Immunology ,Population ,Colombia ,Article ,General practitioner ,03 medical and health sciences ,medicine ,Flea bite ,Risk factor ,education ,Bogotá D.C ,business.industry ,Caregiver ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,Preschool child ,Risk factors ,Parent ,Flea allergy ,business ,lcsh:RC581-607 ,Controlled study - Abstract
Background Papular urticaria is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by exposure to arthropod bites. The disease has been reported in children attending medical centers, but the causes as the risk factors associated with the disease have not been established. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of papular urticaria caused by flea bite and identify the risk factors in children between 1 to 6 years of age in Bogotá D.C, between March 2009 and June 2011.Methods A cross-sectional, two-stage, clustered study using random probability sampling and stratified with proportional allocation was carried out in children (1–6 years of age) in educational institutions in Bogotá D.C. to determine the prevalence of the disease. Children underwent a dermatological examination by general practitioners with a previous training. Furthermore, digital photographs of skin lesions were taken for further confirmation of the diagnosis by dermatologists. A structured survey was completed by the parents or caregivers, and it was evaluated using an unconditional logistic regression to identify factors associated with the disease.Results A total of 2437 children were included in the study. The prevalence of papular urticaria caused by flea bite in this population was 20.3% (CI 95%: 18.2 to 22.5%). The major risk factors associated with the disease were the presence of fleas in households (OR 1.74, CI 95%: 1.35 to 2.25), using mattresses without springs (OR 1.73, CI 95%: 1.20 to 2.50), the use of daily public transportation to carry the children to the educational institutions (OR 1.76, CI 95%: 1.07 to 2.89), having a soil/earth floor in the main bedroom (OR 6.81, CI 95%:1.16–39.96), and having siblings with a history of atopic dermatitis (OR 1.76 CI 95%: 1.07–2.89).Conclusions A high prevalence of papular urticaria caused by flea bite was found in Bogotá D.C. The main factors associated with the disease might be modified with the implementation of prevention, control strategies in housing, educational institutions, and public transportation. Keywords: Papular urticaria, Flea allergy, Prevalence, Risk factors, Bogotá D.C
- Published
- 2017
18. Reconceptualising the External Validity of Discrete Choice Experiments
- Author
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Emily Lancsar, Joffre Swait, Lancsar, Emily, and Swait, Joffre
- Subjects
Validation study ,Process (engineering) ,Decision Making ,Health Care Sector ,Validity ,Discrete choice experiment ,Choice Behavior ,decision making ,External validity ,experience ,Component (UML) ,external validity ,Humans ,traffic and transport ,Economics, Pharmaceutical ,Quality of Life Research ,Mathematics ,Pharmacology ,experiment ,Management science ,Health Policy ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,methodology ,economics ,Models, Economic ,marketing ,conceptual framework ,environment - Abstract
External validity is a crucial but under-researched topic when considering using discrete choice experiment (DCE) results to inform decision making in clinical, commercial or policy contexts. We present the theory and tests traditionally used to explore external validity that focus on a comparison of final outcomes and review how this traditional definition has been empirically tested in health economics and other sectors (such as transport, environment and marketing) in which DCE methods are applied. While an important component, we argue that the investigation of external validity should be much broader than a comparison of final outcomes. In doing so, we introduce a new and more comprehensive conceptualisation of external validity, closely linked to process validity, that moves us from the simple characterisation of a model as being or not being externally valid on the basis of predictive performance, to the concept that external validity should be an objective pursued from the initial conceptualisation and design of any DCE. We discuss how such a broader definition of external validity can be fruitfully used and suggest innovative ways in which it can be explored in practice. Refereed/Peer-reviewed
- Published
- 2014
19. Non-medical costs and indirect costs of stroke in Viet Nam.
- Author
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Pham T., Thang N.H., Lien N.T.K., Cadilhac D., Thrift A., Palmer A., Srikanth V., Blizzard L., Gall S., Pham T., Thang N.H., Lien N.T.K., Cadilhac D., Thrift A., Palmer A., Srikanth V., Blizzard L., and Gall S.
- Abstract
Introduction: Most data on the costs of stroke focus on direct medical costs, particularly in developing countries. We therefore gathered data on non-medical and indirect costs associated with stroke in Viet Nam. Method(s): From a consecutive sample of patients with first-ever stroke admitted to a hospital in Ho ChiMinh City, Viet Nam, direct non-medical cost (including transportation, foods, sundry expenses) and indirect costs (loss of income of patients and caregivers) during hospital admission were estimated from information provided by patients or caregivers. Data related to patient's characteristics, their stroke's detail and household income were also gathered. Costs were converted from Vietnamese currency to US dollars using the purchasing power parities index. Log multinomial and linear regressions were used to compare means after transformation of cost data. Result(s): Among 437 patients, 429 patients (98%) incurred non-direct medical costs and 312 patients (71.4%) incurred indirect costs. The mean was USD 171 (SD 486) for non-medical costs and was USD 240 (SD 392) for indirect costs. In general, greater non-medical and indirect costs were associated with younger age, higher socioeconomic status, intracerebral hemorrhage, more severe strokes and longer length of stay in hospital. The total non-medical and indirect costs during hospital admission was nearly equal to monthly household income of respondents. Conclusion(s): Although indirect costs may be underestimated in this study due to the focus on loss of income rather than productivity lost and lost leisure time, the burden of informal care following stroke in Viet Nam is substantial.
- Published
- 2016
20. A preliminary ergonomic assessment of piloting a lifeboat in ice
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António Simões Ré, Michael J. Taber, and Jonathan Power
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validity ,Engineering ,Habitability ,Human engineering ,ice ,habitat ,Poison control ,Usability assessment ,Aeronautics ,Forensic engineering ,traffic and transport ,Environmental conditions ,Functionality ,Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality ,User-Centered Design Evaluation ,education ,training ,emergency ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Totally enclosed ,driving ability ,lifeboat ,Test (assessment) ,International maritime organizations ,Mandate ,Human factors ,Safety Research ,performance ,Offshore oil and gas ,safety ,Offshore oil ,sea ,Usability ,Control panels ,human factors research ,Ship testing ,Safety of life at seas ,work experience ,environmental monitoring ,Lifeboats ,business.industry ,Test configurations ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Human performance ,Crewmembers ,ergonomics ,Ergonomic assessment ,business - Abstract
This paper examines human factors associated with piloting a totally enclosed motor propelled survival craft (TEMPSC or lifeboat) in ice. The first section of the paper describes the use of a usability assessment scale to evaluate the coxswain's (TEMPSC captain) control panel. The second portion examines environmental conditions (habitability) inside the lifeboat during evacuation. All testing was completed in conditions that were consistent with those that might be experienced by ship or offshore oil and gas crewmembers in the event of abandonment due to an onboard emergency. Results indicated that the lifeboat test configuration presented considerable challenges to usability/functionality as well as habitability. These findings suggest that further research should be conducted to evaluate the safety of all existing lifeboat designs. Finally, it is recommended that the international maritime organization (IMO) and safety of life at sea (SOLAS) Convention should mandate user-centered design evaluations for future lifeboat manufacturing. © 2009.
- Published
- 2011
21. Elements That Contribute to Healthy Building Design
- Author
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Vivian Loftness, Bert Hakkinen, Aino Nevalainen, Olaf C. G. Adan, TNO Bouw en Ondergrond, and Transport in Permeable Media
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sealant ,mould ,Architectural engineering ,volatile organic compound ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,cleaning ,Buildings and Infrastructure ,Building material ,indoor air ,fungal resistance ,Environmental Illness ,Indoor air quality ,furniture ,consumer products ,environmental factor ,Sustainable development ,building ,traffic and transport ,healthy buildings ,Built Environment ,Materials ,Building Codes ,Mini-Monograph ,media_common ,sustainable development ,ventilation ,environmental planning ,public health ,article ,Household Products ,Environmental exposure ,air quality ,SDG 11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities ,Building biology ,paint ,priority journal ,Emissions ,Air Pollution, Indoor ,social aspect ,Indoor air ,pedestrian ,Consumer products ,dampness ,Conservation of Natural Resources ,architecture ,productivity ,building material ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Building design ,engineering.material ,adhesive agent ,energy consumption ,polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ,Sustainable design ,Humans ,Quality (business) ,SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy ,Air quality index ,Construction Materials ,Research ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,humidity ,emissions ,Fungal resistance ,land use ,occupational exposure ,Environmental Exposure ,SDG 11 – Duurzame steden en gemeenschappen ,Ventilation ,workplace ,quality of life ,ergonomics ,engineering ,ambient air ,consumer health information ,Housing ,Environment Design ,Business ,Dampness ,Healthy buildings ,SDG 7 – Betaalbare en schone energie - Abstract
Background: The elements that contribute to a healthy building are multifactorial and can be discussed from different perspectives. Objectives: We present three viewpoints of designing a healthy building: the importance of sustainable development, the role of occupants for ensuring indoor air quality, and ongoing developments related to indoor finishes with low chemical emissions and good fungal resistance. Discussion: Sustainable design rediscovers the social, environmental, and technical values of pedestrian and mixed-use communities, using existing infrastructures including "main streets" and small-town planning principles and recapturing indoor–outdoor relationships. This type of design introduces nonpolluting materials and assemblies with lower energy requirements and higher durability and recyclability. Building occupants play a major role in maintaining healthy indoor environments, especially in residences. Contributors to indoor air quality include cleaning habits and other behaviors ; consumer products, furnishings, and appliances purchases, as well as where and how the occupants use them. Certification of consumer products and building materials as low-emitting products is a primary control measure for achieving good indoor air quality. Key products in this respect are office furniture, flooring, paints and coatings, adhesives and sealants, wall coverings, wood products, textiles, insulation, and cleaning products. Finishing materials play a major role in the quality of indoor air as related to moisture retention and mold growth. Conclusions: Sustainable design emphasizes the needs of infrastructure, lower energy consumption, durability, and recyclability. To ensure good indoor air quality, the product development for household use should aim to reduce material susceptibility to contaminants such as mold and should adopt consumer-oriented product labeling.
- Published
- 2007
22. Network modeling for reverse flows of end-of-life vehicles
- Author
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Seval Ene, Nursel Öztürk, Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Endüstri Mühendisliği Bölümü., Ene, Seval, Öztürk, Nursel, AAG-8949-2021, and AAG-9336-2021
- Subjects
Product recovery ,Engineering ,Economics ,Automotive industry ,Scrap metal reprocessing ,Reverse logistics ,Logistics ,End-of-life products ,Reuse ,Procedures ,End-of-life vehicle ,Environmental protection ,Collection of used products ,Mathematical model ,End-of-Life Vehicles ,Recovery ,Recycling ,Traffic and transport ,Theoretical model ,Network design ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Network model ,Integer programming-model ,Priority journal ,Models, theoretical ,Automobile-industry ,Waste management ,Scope (project management) ,Uncertainty ,Mathematical programming ,Solid wastes ,Industrial waste ,Consumer ,Waste disposal ,Car ,Network planning and design ,Product (business) ,Automobile manufacture ,Linear programing ,Risk analysis (engineering) ,Genetic algorithm ,Statistical model ,Mathematical programming models ,Automobile industry ,Life cycle analysis ,Optimization ,Design ,Environmental management ,Supply-chain network ,Computer system recovery ,Life cycle ,Context (language use) ,Management networks ,Article ,Airships ,Numerical model ,Motor vehicle ,Environmental sciences & ecology ,Refuse disposal ,End of life vehicle ,business.industry ,Engineering, environmental ,Recovery network ,Vehicles ,Product design ,Logistic models ,Environmental sciences ,Closed-Loop Supply Chain ,Remanufacturing ,Reverse Logistics ,Logistics network ,Electronic products ,Environmental regulations ,business ,Automobiles ,Analysis - Abstract
Product recovery operations are of critical importance for the automotive industry in complying with environmental regulations concerning end-of-life products management. Manufacturers must take responsibility for their products over the entire life cycle. In this context, there is a need for network design methods for effectively managing recovery operations and waste. The purpose of this study is to develop a mathematical programming model for managing reverse flows in end-of-life vehicles' recovery network. A reverse flow is the collection of used products from consumers and the transportation of these products for the purpose of recycling, reuse or disposal. The proposed model includes all operations in a product recovery and waste management network for used vehicles and reuse for vehicle parts such as collection, disassembly, refurbishing, processing (shredding), recycling, disposal and reuse of vehicle parts. The scope of the network model is to determine the numbers and locations of facilities in the network and the material flows between these facilities. The results show the performance of the model and its applicability for use in the planning of recovery operations in the automotive industry. The main objective of recovery and waste management is to maximize revenue and minimize pollution in end-of-life product operations. This study shows that with an accurate model, these activities may provide economic benefits and incentives in addition to protecting the environment.
- Published
- 2015
23. Outcomes of a peritoneal dialysis program in remote communities within Colombia
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Mauricio, Sanabria, Martha, Devia, Gilma, Hernández, Kindar, Astudillo, Carlos, Trillos, Mauricio, Uribe, Catalina, Latorre, Astrid, Bernal, Angela, Rivera, and Claudia, Benitez
- Subjects
Rural Population ,Male ,Survival rate ,Patient transport ,Survival ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Kaplan-Meier Estimate ,Procedures ,Program efficacy ,Cohort Studies ,Health program ,Mountainous terrain ,Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis ,Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory ,Observational study ,Traffic and transport ,Rural area ,Sanitation ,Treatment outcome ,hospital ,Middle aged ,Priority journal ,Risk assessment ,Incidence ,Remote dialysis center ,Hemodialysis units ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,End stage renal disease ,Multicenter study ,Survival Rate ,Clinical trial ,chronic ,Hemodialysis Units, Hospital ,Transportation of Patients ,Treatment Outcome ,Survival factor ,Nephrology ,Hemodialysis ,Geographic regions ,Rural population ,Cohort studies ,Female ,Medical emergency ,Cohort analysis ,Infection ,Peritoneal Dialysis ,Human ,Adult ,Treatment withdrawal ,Confidence intervals ,Peritoneal dialysis ,Kidney failure ,Cause of death ,Major clinical study ,Follow-up studies ,Colombia ,Peritonitis ,Socioeconomic factors ,Risk Assessment ,Pathophysiology ,Article ,Transportation of patients ,Confidence Intervals ,medicine ,Humans ,Interview ,Mortality ,Poverty ,business.industry ,Adverse effects ,Confidence interval ,continuous ambulatory ,Original Articles ,Follow up ,Kaplan-meier estimate ,medicine.disease ,Social status ,Economic aspect ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Socioeconomics ,Housing ,Kaplan meier method ,Kidney Failure, Chronic ,Morbidity ,business ,human activities ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Background and Objective Colombia is a country of diverse geographic regions, some with mountainous terrain that can make access to urban areas difficult for individuals who live in remote areas. In 2005, a program was initiated to establish remote peritoneal dialysis (PD) centers in Colombia to improve access to PD for patients with end-stage renal disease who face geographic or financial access barriers. Patients and Methods The present study was a multi-center cohort observational study of prevalent home PD patients who were at least 18 years of age and were being managed by one of nine established remote PD centers in Colombia over a 2-year period. Data were collected from clinical records, databases, and patient interviews. Patient survival, incidence of peritonitis, and rate of withdrawal from PD therapy were assessed. Results A total of 345 patients were eligible for the study. The majority (87.8%) of patients lived on one to two times a minimum monthly salary (equivalent to US$243 – US$486). On average, patients traveled 1.2 hours and 4.3 hours from their home to their remote PD center or an urban reference renal clinic, respectively. The incidence rate of peritonitis was 2.54 episodes per 100 patient-months of therapy. A bivariate analysis showed a significantly higher risk of peritonitis in patients who were living on less than one times a monthly minimum salary ( p < 0.05) or who had a dirt, cement, or unfinished wood floor ( p < 0.05). The 1-year and 2-year patient survival rates were 92.44% and 81.55%, respectively. The 1-year and 2-year technique survival rates were 97.27% and 89.78%, respectively. Conclusions With the support of remote PD centers that mitigate geographic and financial barriers to healthcare, home PD therapy is a safe and appropriate treatment option for patients who live in remote areas in Colombia.
- Published
- 2015
24. How a visual surveillance system hypothesizes how you behave
- Author
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Christian Micheloni, Claudio Piciarelli, and Gian Luca Foresti
- Subjects
Formal ,Computer science ,Machine vision ,Video Recording ,Observation ,Transportation ,Pattern Recognition, Automated ,Computer-Assisted ,Visual surveillance ,Models ,Human–computer interaction ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,organization and management ,traffic and transport ,Psychology ,Cluster Analysis ,General Psychology ,instrumentation ,social control ,article ,methodology ,social psychology ,Statistical ,automated pattern recognition ,Parking lot ,Probability distribution ,Psychology (miscellaneous) ,Behavioral Sciences ,Algorithms ,Automated ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Context (language use) ,behavioral science ,Pattern Recognition ,Environment ,Psychology, Social ,Security Measures ,Social ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ,Humans ,human ,Cluster analysis ,Image Interpretation ,Behavior ,algorithm ,Models, Statistical ,business.industry ,videorecording ,statistical model ,computer assisted diagnosis ,behavior ,cluster analysis ,environment ,observation ,Social Control, Formal ,Artificial intelligence ,business - Abstract
In the last few years, the installation of a large number of cameras has led to a need for increased capabilities in video surveillance systems. It has, indeed, been more and more necessary for human operators to be helped in the understanding of ongoing activities in real environments. Nowadays, the technology and the research in the machine vision and artificial intelligence fields allow one to expect a new generation of completely autonomous systems able to reckon the behaviors of entities such as pedestrians, vehicles, and so forth. Hence, whereas the sensing aspect of these systems has been the issue considered the most so far, research is now focused mainly on more newsworthy problems concerning understanding. In this article, we present a novel method for hypothesizing the evolution of behavior. For such purposes, the system is required to extract useful information by means of low-level techniques for detecting and maintaining track of moving objects. The further estimation of performed trajectories, together with objects classification, enables one to compute the probability distribution of the normal activities (e.g., trajectories). Such a distribution is defined by means of a novel clustering technique. The resulting clusters are used to estimate the evolution of objects’ behaviors and to speculate about any intention to act dangerously. The provided solution for hypothesizing behaviors occurring in real environments was tested in the context of an outdoor parking lot.
- Published
- 2006
25. Commuter migration: work environment factors influencing nurses' decisions regarding choice of employment
- Author
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen, Sheila Cameron, Michelle Freeman, Barat Wolfe, and Dale Rajacich
- Subjects
trends ,Adult ,Male ,Michigan ,Attitude of Health Personnel ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Decision Making ,Personnel selection ,Personnel Turnover ,Transportation ,Nursing ,Workload ,Nurse Administrator ,migration ,Social Environment ,decision making ,Job Satisfaction ,social environment ,male ,health personnel attitude ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,middle aged ,traffic and transport ,Humans ,human ,Nurse Administrators ,Personnel Selection ,Workplace ,job satisfaction ,media_common ,Ontario ,adult ,questionnaire ,Professional development ,personnel management ,Social environment ,General Medicine ,Emigration and Immigration ,Middle Aged ,female ,workplace ,Human resource management ,nurse administrator ,Job satisfaction ,Female ,Psychology ,Autonomy - Abstract
Nurse migration is of global concern for every country, and study of migration can provide critical information for managers concerned with nurse recruitment and retention. This mixed-methods research examined factors influencing registered nurses' (RNs') decisions to work in their home country, Canada, or to commute daily to a nursing position in the United States. Measures included nurses' feelings about their work environment conditions, work status congruence (the goodness of fit between employer expectations and their own regarding hours and times worked), professional development opportunities, and their perceptions of organizational support and autonomy (freedom and independence) in the workplace. All work environment variables were significantly higher for nurses working in Michigan. Qualitative results supported these survey findings, providing additional information about nurses' satisfaction. Nurses in our sample were more satisfied with all the work environment factors examined, even when stress from commuting out of country was experienced. The environmental issues examined in this study should be considered by nurse managers concerned with recruitment and retention of nurses. Copyright © 2014 Longwoods Publishing.
- Published
- 2014
26. Health impact of motorised trips that could be replaced by walking
- Author
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Katherine Pérez, Marta Olabarria, Francesca Racioppi, Ana M. Novoa, and Elena Santamariña-Rubio
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,cycling ,Automobile Driving ,car driving ,Adolescent ,Cross-sectional study ,Population ,prevalence ,Psychological intervention ,Poison control ,Transportation ,Walking ,Motor Activity ,Suicide prevention ,Occupational safety and health ,Young Adult ,Injury prevention ,medicine ,Prevalence ,statistics and numerical data ,cross-sectional study ,traffic and transport ,Humans ,human ,bicycle ,education ,Exercise ,travel ,education.field_of_study ,Travel ,business.industry ,Public health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,article ,economics ,health survey ,Bicycling ,Europe ,female ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,statistics ,Population Surveillance ,Female ,business ,Demography - Abstract
Background: We aimed to quantify the number of women and men, in Catalonia, among those not achieving physical activity recommendations, making short motorized trips which could have been made on foot, and to estimate the annual economic benefit due to reducing mortality as a result of replacing one short, daily, motorized journey with walking. Methods: Cross-sectional study. Mobility data came from individuals >17 years who reported, in the 2006 Daily Mobility Survey, having travelled on the referred working day (N=80 552). The health economic assessment tool for walking (HEAT) from the World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe was used to calculate the economic benefit. Results: Of those not meeting recommendations, 15.6% of men (95% CI 15.2-16.1) and 13.9% of women (95% CI 13.5-14.4) would go on to meet them if they were to replace at least one short motorized trip per day by walking. If applied to the entire population of Catalonia, this change would increase up to 326 557 men (95% CI 313 373-339 740) and up to 252 509 women (95% CI 240 855264 163) who would achieve recommendations through walking rather than driving. According to HEAT estimations, this would suppose a saving of (sic)124 216 000 (95% CI 120 182 000-128 250 000) in men and (sic)84 927 000 (95% CI 81 774 000-88 079 000) in women, derived from the reduction in mortality gained from walking accumulated over one year. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the potential of trips on foot as a source of physical activity. It also points out that both benefits for the health of the population and a huge economic benefit could have been gained through active transportation interventions.
- Published
- 2013
27. Physical inactivity and related barriers: A study in a community dwelling of older brazilians
- Author
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Américo Valdanha Netto, Eduardo Kokubun, Priscila Missaki Nakamura, Emerson Sebastião, Camila Bosquiero Papini, Lilian Teresa Bucken Gobbi, Sebastião Gobbi, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), and University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Subjects
Gerontology ,lifestyle ,age distribution ,Article Subject ,Cross-sectional study ,sex difference ,Population ,Physical activity ,physical activity ,lcsh:Geriatrics ,socioeconomics ,Age groups ,male ,occupation ,Medicine ,cross-sectional study ,traffic and transport ,controlled study ,human ,education ,education.field_of_study ,Health professionals ,business.industry ,adult ,questionnaire ,Significant difference ,aging ,Physical activity level ,Stratified sampling ,household ,lcsh:RC952-954.6 ,aged ,female ,priority journal ,immobilization ,leisure ,community living ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,business ,population research ,Brazil ,Research Article - Abstract
Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:27:25Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:37:07Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-84870232367.pdf: 1478017 bytes, checksum: 4313ccb81d2434dcc7e2f74ebf3438ac (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:27:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-12-03 This study sought to investigate the prevalence of physical inactivity and related barriers in older Brazilian adults. A cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted, and a stratified random sampling procedure was used. A total of 359 older adults were interviewed. The long version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the Questionnaire of Barriers to Physical Activity Practice were used to assess physical activity level and barriers, respectively. No statistically significant difference was observed on the prevalence of physical inactivity in either gender or age groups. Regarding barriers, the proportion of 9 out of 22 barriers was statistically significant between men and women. Self-reported physical inactivity/activity in older Brazilian adults continues to be a concern. Uncommonly, older males reported a higher prevalence of physical inactivity compared to their counterparts. Additionally, physical inactivity prevalence continued to increase with the aging process. Yet, personal barriers such as lack of time and poor health were strongly associated with physical inactivity. The results of this study may help health professionals and public policy makers to better address the issues related to a healthy lifestyle among older adults and promote physical activity among Brazilian older adults and in other countries with similar characteristics. © 2012 Sebastião Gobbi et al. Department of Physical Education Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Avenida 24-A, 1515 Bela Vista, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP Department of Kinesiology and Community Health University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 906 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801 Department of Physical Education Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Avenida 24-A, 1515 Bela Vista, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP
- Published
- 2012
28. Measuring economic consequences of preterm birth: Methodological recommendations for the evaluation of personal burden on children and their caregivers
- Author
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Jan-Marc Hodek, Thomas Mittendorf, and Johann-Matthias Graf von der Schulenburg
- Subjects
Gerontology ,Parents ,Quality of life, Emotional distress ,economic evaluation ,health status ,Review ,burden of disease ,absenteeism ,Indirect costs ,hospital readmission ,puerperal depression ,traffic and transport ,Medicine ,gestational age ,outpatient care ,travel ,Baby blues ,Health Policy ,direct non medical cost ,Health services research ,Burden of disease ,health care cost ,parents ,Caregiver burden ,income ,priority journal ,indirect cost ,direct medical cost ,health insurance ,medicine.symptom ,Quality of life ,premature labor ,out of pocket expenditure ,review ,Out-of-pocket expenditures ,financial burden ,newborn period ,Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie::330 | Wirtschaft ,Quality of life (healthcare) ,emotional distress ,ddc:330 ,ddc:610 ,human ,low birth weight ,special education ,caregiver burden ,emotional stress ,Actuarial science ,Health economics ,business.industry ,questionnaire ,prematurity ,preterm birth ,Preterm birth ,clinical assessment ,intangible cost ,economic aspect ,infant ,Emotional distress ,Low birth weight ,quality of life ,Economic evaluation ,out-of-pocket expenditures ,Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::610 | Medizin, Gesundheit ,business - Abstract
This study aims to identify the impact of a preterm birth on financial and emotional burden from the families' perspective. Additionally, a comprehensive schedule of recommendations for a sufficient evaluation of all aspects of burden is developed. Based on the results of a literature search relevant categories and sub-domains for a questionnaire covering multiple aspects of associated financial and emotional burden are identified and converted into a recommendation scheme. Results of the literature search illustrate the large extend of burden of prematurity on parents. This results in substantial out-of-pocket expenditures (OOPE) and emotional distress to the parents besides the medical problems and further financial costs to the health insurance system. According to the results on infants' state of health, OOPE and emotional distress are significantly increased with decreasing gestational age. OOPE for transportation often amounts to the main parental cost dimension. Moreover there is some evidence for a high magnitude of reduced income and missed work days. The family perspective has to be taken into account when calculating the overall costs of preterm births from a societal point of view. However, in recent years economic evaluations were performed rather inhomogeneously in this field. For future studies a) direct medical costs, b) direct non-medical costs, c) indirect costs as well as d) intangible costs (in terms of emotional distress and reduced quality of life for caregivers and children) are the main categories that should be evaluated measuring personal burden of preterm birth on families adequately. A detailed list of specific sub-domains is given. Additionally, the recommendations are not restricted to application in infants born preterm and/or at low birth weight.
- Published
- 2011
29. Ambient air levels and trends of polychlorinated biphenyls at four different sites
- Author
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Yücel Tasdemir, S. Sıddık Cindoruk, Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü., Cindoruk, Sabahattin Sıddık, and AAG-9468-2021
- Subjects
Turkey ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Air pollution ,Wind profile ,medicine.disease_cause ,Toxicology ,Coastal zone ,Organochlorine Pesticides ,Endrin ,Heptachlor ,Gas phase ,Polycyclic aromatic-hydrocarbons ,Traffic and transport ,Chemsitry ,media_common ,Priority journal ,Total organic carbon ,PCB ,Baltic sea ,Statistics ,Aİr sampling ,Environmental monitoring ,General Medicine ,Pollution ,Ambient air ,Correlation ,University campus ,Watter-sampler surface ,Seashore ,Environmental chemistry ,Lake-michigan ,Trend study ,Organochlorine pesticides ,Partitioning ,Air pollutants ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Air sampler ,Partition-coefficient ,Phase PCB concentrations ,Article ,Polychlorinated biphenyl ,Meteorology ,Polychlorinated biphenyls ,Environmental sciences & ecology ,medicine ,Polybrominated diphenyl ethers ,Gas/particle concentrations ,Ecotoxicology ,Air sampling ,Residental area ,Bursa [Turkey] ,Atmospheric pollution ,Atmosphere ,Air pollutant ,Urban area ,Phase partitioning ,Concentration (composition) ,Environmental sciences ,Atmospheric PCBS ,Environmental science - Abstract
In this study, samples were collected in order to determine atmospheric levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in four different sites by using a high-volume air sampler (HVAS). Eighty-three congeners of gas and particle- phase PCBs were investigated in air samples. The total (gas + particle) concentrations for Mudanya (coastal), Butal (traffic/urban), the Uludag University Campus (semirural), and Yavuz Selim (residential) were determined as 570, 394, 412, and 316 pg/m(3), respectively. These levels coincide with the values reported for the sites having similar characteristics. In terms of homolog groups, 3-chlorinated biphenyls (3-CBs) and 4-CBs constituted at least 47% of the total PCB concentration. PCBs in all sites were determined mostly in the gas phase, with a percentage from 85 to 95%. Obtained atmospheric PCB data were correlated with meteorological parameters and a significant relationship was obtained between coastal and semirural sites (p
- Published
- 2010
30. Biodiversity risks from fossil fuel extraction
- Author
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Butt, Nathalie, Beyer, Hawthorne, Bennett, Joseph, Biggs, Duan, Maggini, Ramona, Mills, Morena, Renwick, Anna, Seabrook, Leonie, Possingham, Hugh, Butt, Nathalie, Beyer, Hawthorne, Bennett, Joseph, Biggs, Duan, Maggini, Ramona, Mills, Morena, Renwick, Anna, Seabrook, Leonie, and Possingham, Hugh
- Abstract
Despite a global political commitment to reduce biodiversity loss by 2010 through the 2002 Convention on Biological Diversity, declines are accelerating and threats are increasing ( 1 ). Major threats to biodiversity are habitat loss, invasion by exotic species and pathogens, and climate change, all principally driven by human activities. Although fossil fuel (FF) extraction has traditionally been seen as a temporary and spatially limited perturbation to ecosystems ( 2 ), even local or limited biodiversity loss can have large cascade effects on ecosystem function and productivity...
- Published
- 2013
31. Reality and perspectives of a model for the population that obtains its income with the use of an animal-drawn vehicle in the city of Bogota.
- Author
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Sánchez Aparicio, Ismael Fernando, Romero Villalobos, Oswaldo Alberto, Sánchez Aparicio, Ismael Fernando, and Romero Villalobos, Oswaldo Alberto
- Abstract
This paper analyzes the structure of the data collected in the population dependent or receives its revenues in the use of animal-drawn vehicle, to extract an economic model for the development of this activity (which is currently done with these vehicles and is unbusinesslike) introducing formal parameters, as well as replacement of the vehicle analyzes the development of this activity in this population.
- Published
- 2013
32. Built environmental correlates of walking and cycling in Dutch urban children: results from the SPACE study
- Author
-
I. Bakker, Sanne I. de Vries, Marijke Hopman-Rock, Remy A. Hirasing, Willem van Mechelen, TNO Kwaliteit van Leven, Public and occupational health, and EMGO - Musculoskeletal health
- Subjects
cycling ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Psychological intervention ,lcsh:Medicine ,Poison control ,physical activity ,Walking ,Environment ,walking ,bicycling ,urban design ,infrastructure ,child ,linear regression ,Suicide prevention ,health behavior ,male ,Residence Characteristics ,environmental factor ,Environmental health ,Bayesian multivariate linear regression ,Injury prevention ,Urban design ,Humans ,traffic and transport ,controlled study ,human ,Linear regression ,Child ,Recreation ,Netherlands ,Infrastructure ,lcsh:R ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,article ,correlational study ,Human factors and ergonomics ,child behavior ,recreation ,school child ,major clinical study ,Bicycling ,female ,Health ,urban population ,Leefomgeving en gezondheid ,Regression Analysis ,Psychology ,Cycling ,human activities - Abstract
This study examined built environmental correlates of children's walking and cycling behavior. Four hundred and forty-eight children from 10 Dutch neighborhoods completed a seven-day physical activity diary in which the number of walking and cycling trips for transportation, to school, and for recreation were assessed. The associations between observed built environmental characteristics and children's walking and cycling behavior were examined with multivariate linear regression analyses. The results showed that built environmental correlates of children's walking and cycling behavior differ by purpose and by commuting mode implying a behavior-specific approach for interventions and for future, preferably prospective, studies. © 2010 by the authors.
- Published
- 2010
33. Built environmental correlates of walking and cycling in dutch urban children: Results from the SPACE study
- Subjects
cycling ,physical activity ,Walking ,health behavior ,male ,environmental factor ,Urban design ,traffic and transport ,controlled study ,human ,Linear regression ,Child ,Netherlands ,Infrastructure ,article ,correlational study ,child behavior ,recreation ,school child ,major clinical study ,Bicycling ,female ,Health ,urban population ,Leefomgeving en gezondheid ,human activities - Abstract
This study examined built environmental correlates of children's walking and cycling behavior. Four hundred and forty-eight children from 10 Dutch neighborhoods completed a seven-day physical activity diary in which the number of walking and cycling trips for transportation, to school, and for recreation were assessed. The associations between observed built environmental characteristics and children's walking and cycling behavior were examined with multivariate linear regression analyses. The results showed that built environmental correlates of children's walking and cycling behavior differ by purpose and by commuting mode implying a behavior-specific approach for interventions and for future, preferably prospective, studies. © 2010 by the authors.
- Published
- 2010
34. Comparison of old and new municipal solid waste management systems in Denizli, Turkey
- Author
-
Osman Nuri Ağdağ
- Subjects
Engineering ,Municipal solid waste ,Time Factors ,Turkey ,Economics ,waste disposal ,Environmental pollution ,recycling ,Turkey (republic) ,Economic growths ,waste facility ,traffic and transport ,Leachate ,Waste Management and Disposal ,comparative study ,education.field_of_study ,leachate ,Waste management ,landfill ,methane ,Per capita ,article ,food washing ,municipal solid waste ,Solid wastes ,Waste treatment ,Management ,Refuse Disposal ,Turkishs ,priority journal ,Waste materials ,Metal recovery ,Environmental Monitoring ,Public participations ,Living standards ,Source separations ,metal ,Management practices ,Population ,Leachate treatment ,Waste collection ,Population statistics ,Management systems ,Food wastes ,Land fill ,solid waste management ,participatory approach ,Cities ,education ,Unsanitary landfills ,intermethod comparison ,Population Growth ,Recyclable materials ,Generation rates ,Sanitary landfills ,business.industry ,Municipal solid waste managements ,Natural sources ,Environmental problems ,Materials science ,Food waste ,Collection systems ,Composting facilities ,Leaching ,Municipal solid wastes ,business ,Environmental Pollution ,Waste disposal - Abstract
Rapid economic growth, increasing population and change in living standards contribute to increasing the generation rate of municipal solid waste (MSW) in Denizli city, like other Turkish cities. The improper and poor MSW management system (old system) in Denizli caused environmental problems originating from the uncontrolled release of methane and leachate. In addition, the disposal of recyclable materials in unsanitary landfills is responsible for the consumption and destruction of natural sources. This paper presents a general overview of old and new MSW management practices in Denizli. Detailed data on MSW management practices including collection, transportation, disposal and recycling have been presented. The amount of solid waste generated in Denizli over the last decade has increased steadily over the years, from 108,500 tons in 1995 to 179,495 tons in 2006. The average MSW generation rate was found to be 1.23 kg/day per capita. The major constituent of MSW in Denizli is food waste, but the percentage of recyclable waste has increased significantly recently. Except for metal wastes, the percentages of recyclable waste materials in Denizli are higher than in all neighborhood cities. The objective of this study is to compare the old and new MSW management systems in Denizli city. The MSW management system has been changed entirely last five years. A dumpsite was closed and a sanitary landfill with a composting facility was constructed. In addition, source separated collection has been carried out since 2002. The quantity of recyclable waste collected increased from 195 to 1549 tons. The amount of recyclable waste will continue to be increased by expanding the source separation collection system to all the districts of the city and preventing scavenging. Thus, revenue from recyclable waste ($7227 in 2006) is expected to increase. In addition, the capacity of the composting facility will be increased. Most importantly, information to increase public participation and awareness in municipal recovery programs has to be provided. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2007
35. Elements that contribute to healthy building design
- Subjects
sealant ,mould ,volatile organic compound ,cleaning ,Buildings and Infrastructure ,Environmental Illness ,furniture ,environmental factor ,Sustainable development ,building ,traffic and transport ,Built Environment ,Materials ,Building Codes ,environmental planning ,public health ,article ,Household Products ,air quality ,paint ,priority journal ,Emissions ,social aspect ,Indoor air ,pedestrian ,Consumer products ,Conservation of Natural Resources ,architecture ,productivity ,building material ,adhesive agent ,energy consumption ,Air Pollution ,polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ,Humans ,Indoor ,Construction Materials ,humidity ,Fungal resistance ,land use ,occupational exposure ,Environmental Exposure ,Ventilation ,workplace ,quality of life ,ergonomics ,ambient air ,consumer health information ,Housing ,Environment Design ,Dampness ,Healthy buildings - Abstract
Background: The elements that contribute to a healthy building are multifactorial and can be discussed from different perspectives. Objectives: We present three viewpoints of designing a healthy building: the importance of sustainable development, the role of occupants for ensuring indoor air quality, and ongoing developments related to indoor finishes with low chemical emissions and good fungal resistance. Discussion: Sustainable design rediscovers the social, environmental, and technical values of pedestrian and mixed-use communities, using existing infrastructures including "main streets" and small-town planning principles and recapturing indoor-outdoor relationships. This type of design introduces nonpolluting materials and assemblies with lower energy requirements and higher durability and recyclability. Building occupants play a major role in maintaining healthy indoor environments, especially in residences. Conytributors to indoor air quality include cleaning habits and other behaviors; consumer products, furnishings, and appliances purchases, as well as where and how the occupants use them. Certification of consumer products and building materials as low-emitting products is a primary control measure for achieving good indoor air quality. Key products in this respect are office furniture, flooring, paints and coatings, adhesives and sealants, wall coverings, wood products, textiles, insulation, and cleaning products. Finishing materials play a major role in the quality of indoor air as related to moisture retention and mold growth. Conclusions: Sustainable design emphasizes the needs of infrastructure, lower energy consumption, durability, and recyclability. To ensure good indoor air quality, the product development for household use should aim to reduce material susceptibility to contaminants such as mold and should adopt cousumer-oriented product labeling.
- Published
- 2007
36. Mobility should be fun. A consumer (law) perspective on border check technology
- Author
-
USL-B - Faculté de droit, De Hert, Paul, Bellanova, Rocco, USL-B - Faculté de droit, De Hert, Paul, and Bellanova, Rocco
- Abstract
After 9/11, states looked at transportation as if it was a matter of paying taxes: "We cannot make it fun, but we can make it efficient." When traveling, we are asked to pass on data, give body samples, and pass through body scanners in the name of the general interest and in the name of our safety. Technology complements existing human checks and controls. Here we take a fresh look at the new security apparatuses and make transportation of humans more passenger-centered. Consumer protection law might help to complement the existing use of data protection law principles by citizen organizations. It should be possible to satisfy consumer needs, without forgetting the perspective of the citizen. ©2011 with author. Published by TheScientificWorld.
- Published
- 2011
37. Measuring economic consequences of preterm birth - methodological recommendations for the evaluation of personal burden on children and their caregivers
- Author
-
Hodek, Jan-Marc, Schulenburg, Johann-Matthias Graf von der, Mittendorf, Thomas, Hodek, Jan-Marc, Schulenburg, Johann-Matthias Graf von der, and Mittendorf, Thomas
- Abstract
This study aims to identify the impact of a preterm birth on financial and emotional burden from the families' perspective. Additionally, a comprehensive schedule of recommendations for a sufficient evaluation of all aspects of burden is developed. Based on the results of a literature search relevant categories and sub-domains for a questionnaire covering multiple aspects of associated financial and emotional burden are identified and converted into a recommendation scheme. Results of the literature search illustrate the large extend of burden of prematurity on parents. This results in substantial out-of-pocket expenditures (OOPE) and emotional distress to the parents besides the medical problems and further financial costs to the health insurance system. According to the results on infants' state of health, OOPE and emotional distress are significantly increased with decreasing gestational age. OOPE for transportation often amounts to the main parental cost dimension. Moreover there is some evidence for a high magnitude of reduced income and missed work days. The family perspective has to be taken into account when calculating the overall costs of preterm births from a societal point of view. However, in recent years economic evaluations were performed rather inhomogeneously in this field. For future studies a) direct medical costs, b) direct non-medical costs, c) indirect costs as well as d) intangible costs (in terms of emotional distress and reduced quality of life for caregivers and children) are the main categories that should be evaluated measuring personal burden of preterm birth on families adequately. A detailed list of specific sub-domains is given. Additionally, the recommendations are not restricted to application in infants born preterm and/or at low birth weight.
- Published
- 2011
38. Human-factors engineering for smart transport: Decision support for car drivers and train traffic controllers
- Author
-
Lenior, D., Janssen, W.H., Neerincx, M.A., Schreibers, K., and TNO Defensie en Veiligheid TNO Kwaliteit van Leven
- Subjects
Automobile Driving ,Adaptive interfaces ,Traffic control ,Railway ,Human engineering ,Supervision ,Bioengineering ,Decision support systems ,Adaptive systems ,Information system ,Traffic Informatics ,Driving ability ,Automation ,Car driver ,User-Computer Interface ,Cognition ,Task Performance and Analysis ,Analytic method ,Humans ,Attention ,Traffic and transport ,Man-Machine Systems ,Railroads ,Decision Making, Computer-Assisted ,Netherlands ,Problem solving ,Cognitive systems ,Accidents, Traffic ,Reminder system ,Traffic safety ,Equipment Design ,Environmental factor ,Decision support ,Car ,Cognitive engineering ,Data Display ,Ergonomics - Abstract
The theme Smart Transport can be described as adequate human-system symbiosis to realize effective, efficient and human-friendly transport of goods and information. This paper addresses how to attune automation to human (cognitive) capacities (e.g. to take care of information uncertainty, operator trust and mutual man-machine adaptations). An introduction to smart transport is presented, including examples of best practice for engineering human factors in the vehicle ergonomics and train traffic control domain. The examples are representative of an ongoing trend in automation and they show how the human role changes from controller to supervisor. Section 2 focuses on the car driver and systems that support, or sometimes even take over, critical parts of the driving task. Due to the diversity of driver ability, driving context and dependence between driver and context factors, there is a need for personalised, adaptive and integrated support. Systematic research is needed to establish sound systems. Section 3 focuses on the train dispatcher support systems that predict train movements, detect potential conflicts and show the dispatcher the possibilities available to solve the detected problems. Via thorough analysis of both the process to be controlled and the dispatchers tasks and cognitive needs, support functions were developed as part of an already very complex supervision and control system. The two examples, although from a different field, both show the need for further development in cognitive modelling as well as for the value of sound ergonomics task analysis in design practice.
- Published
- 2006
39. Human-factors engineering for smart transport: Decision support for car drivers and train traffic controllers
- Subjects
Automobile Driving ,Adaptive interfaces ,Traffic control ,Railway ,Decision Making ,Human engineering ,Supervision ,Bioengineering ,Decision support systems ,Adaptive systems ,Information system ,Traffic Informatics ,Driving ability ,Automation ,Car driver ,User-Computer Interface ,Cognition ,Computer-Assisted ,Task Performance and Analysis ,Analytic method ,Traffic ,Humans ,Attention ,Traffic and transport ,Man-Machine Systems ,Railroads ,Netherlands ,Problem solving ,Cognitive systems ,Reminder system ,Traffic safety ,Equipment Design ,Environmental factor ,Decision support ,Car ,Accidents ,Cognitive engineering ,Data Display ,Ergonomics - Abstract
The theme Smart Transport can be described as adequate human-system symbiosis to realize effective, efficient and human-friendly transport of goods and information. This paper addresses how to attune automation to human (cognitive) capacities (e.g. to take care of information uncertainty, operator trust and mutual man-machine adaptations). An introduction to smart transport is presented, including examples of best practice for engineering human factors in the vehicle ergonomics and train traffic control domain. The examples are representative of an ongoing trend in automation and they show how the human role changes from controller to supervisor. Section 2 focuses on the car driver and systems that support, or sometimes even take over, critical parts of the driving task. Due to the diversity of driver ability, driving context and dependence between driver and context factors, there is a need for personalised, adaptive and integrated support. Systematic research is needed to establish sound systems. Section 3 focuses on the train dispatcher support systems that predict train movements, detect potential conflicts and show the dispatcher the possibilities available to solve the detected problems. Via thorough analysis of both the process to be controlled and the dispatchers tasks and cognitive needs, support functions were developed as part of an already very complex supervision and control system. The two examples, although from a different field, both show the need for further development in cognitive modelling as well as for the value of sound ergonomics task analysis in design practice.
- Published
- 2006
40. The Effects of City Streets on an Urban Disease Vector
- Author
-
Javier E. Quintanilla Calderón, Michael J. Levy, César Náquira, Dylan S. Small, Corentin M. Barbu, Karthik Sethuraman, Victor R. Quispe-Machaca, Juan G. Cornejo del Carpio, Jenny Ancca-Juarez, Andrew E. Hong, Jennifer Manne, Fernando S. Malaga Chavez, University of Pennsylvania, Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH), Ministerio de Salud Publica, National Institutes of Health (NIH) :5K01 AI079162-04, 5K01 AI079162-05, 3K01AI079162-02S1, 3K01AI079162-03S1, P50 AI074285-03, P50 AI074285-04, and Levy, Michael Z
- Subjects
Chagas disease ,Spatial Epidemiology ,Epidemiology ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Population Modeling ,Disease Vectors ,city planning ,0302 clinical medicine ,Peru ,Geoinformatics ,11. Sustainability ,Statistics ,traffic and transport ,Spatial and Landscape Ecology ,Triatoma ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Epidemiological Methods ,Triatoma infestans ,spatial dynamics ,0303 health sciences ,Ecology ,public health ,dynamics ,Grid ,spatial autocorrelation analysis ,Spatial Autocorrelation ,Latent class model ,Infectious Diseases ,Geography ,Computational Theory and Mathematics ,Modeling and Simulation ,Medicine ,Public Health ,infestation ,Research Article ,Neglected Tropical Diseases ,Disease Ecology ,Infectious Disease Control ,probability ,030231 tropical medicine ,vector control ,Context (language use) ,Microbiology ,Vector Biology ,Infectious Disease Epidemiology ,Unit (housing) ,purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.06.16 [https] ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Urbanization ,Genetics ,cross-sectional study ,Animals ,Humans ,Chagas Disease ,Gaussian field latent class model ,Urban Ecology ,Statistical Methods ,Biology ,Molecular Biology ,Spatial analysis ,housing ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,pesticide spraying ,030304 developmental biology ,Population Biology ,City block ,statistical model ,Urban Health ,Computational Biology ,Vectors and Hosts ,Field (geography) ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,Computer Science ,species distribution ,Population Ecology ,Infectious Disease Modeling ,Zoology ,Entomology ,Mathematics ,urban area - Abstract
With increasing urbanization vector-borne diseases are quickly developing in cities, and urban control strategies are needed. If streets are shown to be barriers to disease vectors, city blocks could be used as a convenient and relevant spatial unit of study and control. Unfortunately, existing spatial analysis tools do not allow for assessment of the impact of an urban grid on the presence of disease agents. Here, we first propose a method to test for the significance of the impact of streets on vector infestation based on a decomposition of Moran's spatial autocorrelation index; and second, develop a Gaussian Field Latent Class model to finely describe the effect of streets while controlling for cofactors and imperfect detection of vectors. We apply these methods to cross-sectional data of infestation by the Chagas disease vector Triatoma infestans in the city of Arequipa, Peru. Our Moran's decomposition test reveals that the distribution of T. infestans in this urban environment is significantly constrained by streets (p, Author Summary Chagas disease is a major parasitic disease in Latin America. It is transmitted by Triatoma infestans an insect common in Arequipa, the second largest city in Peru. We propose a method to demonstrate that streets strongly affect the spatial distribution of infestation by this insect in Arequipa. The effect of streets may be due to several external factors: 1) houses on different sides of a street may not be equally welcoming to the insects due to the presence of certain materials or animals, 2) people inspecting houses on the two sides of a street may not be equally efficient, and, 3) insects may disperse to neighboring houses but rarely reach houses across a street. We take these aspects into account in a second analysis and confirm that streets are important barriers to these insects. Our finding should allow for improvements in the control of insects that transmit Chagas disease in cities. More generally, our methods can be applied to other pests and disease vectors to better understand and control epidemics in cities.
- Published
- 2013
41. Allocation of priorities for national highway projects in the netherlands
- Author
-
Cortenraad, W.M.H. (author), Moning, K.J. (author), Jonk, J.H. (author), Cortenraad, W.M.H. (author), Moning, K.J. (author), and Jonk, J.H. (author)
- Abstract
The extension of the Dutch national highway network takes place within a planning system. Within this planning system, the 'Structuurschema Verkeer en Vervoer' (= the Structure Scheme for Traffic and Transport (SVV)) and the 'Meerjaren Programma Personenvervoer' (= the Multi-Year Plan for Passenger Transport (MPP)) are of particular importance for road projects. The first of these - the SVV - provides a long-term perspective on traffic and transport policies in the Netherlands, while the MPP elaborates these policies in the short and medium term. Among other things, the MPP establishes the priorities for the implementation and research planning of road projects. Priorities have to be set under the MPP in order to make the most effective use of the N.F1. 550 million set aside by the Dutch government each year for the construction and extension of national roads. The setting of priorities and resultant implementation and research planning is also essential for making best use of the available staff. Since 1983 a new evaluation procedure has been used for setting priorities. Under the new system, priorities are determined in relation to projects already or about to get under way (i.e. implementation planning), and in relation to projects still requiring further study (i.e. research planning). The nature of the evaluation procedure and two technical factors are described, namely measurement techniques and ranking.
- Published
- 1986
42. State Transportation Statistics 2015
- Author
-
United States. Department of Transportation, Dancy, Ant-quanique, Moore, William, Wingfield, Alpha, Liu, Mindy, Nguyen, Long X., United States. Department of Transportation. Bureau of Transportation Statistics, United States. Department of Transportation, Dancy, Ant-quanique, Moore, William, Wingfield, Alpha, Liu, Mindy, Nguyen, Long X., and United States. Department of Transportation. Bureau of Transportation Statistics
- Abstract
The Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) presents State Transportation Statistics 2015, a statistical profile of transportation in the 50 States and the District of Columbia. This is the 13th annual edition of State Transportation Statistics, a companion document to National Transportation Statistics (NTS), which is updated quarterly on the BTS website. Like the previous editions, this document presents transportation information from BTS and Tech Report Federal Government agencies and national sources. A picture of each State's transportation infrastructure, freight movement and passenger travel, system safety, vehicles, transportation-related economy and finance, energy usage, and the environment is presented in table form. Tables have been updated with the most recently available data. Included in this State Transportation Statistics 2015 report is a brief description of the data sources used and a glossary of terms. Also contained in this publication is a summary table that displays the approximate timing of future data releases and contact information for each State's department of transportation.
43. Impacts of potential CO2-reduction policies on air quality in the United States
- Author
-
Trail, M. A., Tsimpidi, A. P., Liu, P., Tsigaridis, K., Hu, Y., Rudokas, J. R., Miller, P. J., Nenes, Athanasios, and Russell, A. G.
- Subjects
Flue gas desulfurization(FGD) ,analysis ,Community multi-scale air quality models ,Climate ,air pollution ,Theoretical ,emission control ,Models ,electricity generation ,policy making ,pollution tax ,traffic and transport ,Transportation sector ,electricity ,Industrial emissions ,Reduction technologies ,organic matter ,Emission reduction policies ,concentration (composition) ,theoretical model ,Air ,environmental planning ,tax ,growth factor ,Taxes ,air quality ,Environmental Policy ,Emission control ,weather ,environmental economics ,environment ,biomass energy ,trends ,Carbon Sequestration ,air ,Electricity production ,technological change ,forecasting ,reduction ,atmospheric modeling ,Environment ,Article ,Weather forecasting ,Climate models ,general circulation model ,General circulation model ,meteorology ,Cities ,climate ,Weather ,Reduction ,particulate matter ,biomass ,carbon dioxide ,desulfurization ,Carbon Dioxide ,carbon sequestration ,Carbon ,United States ,ozone ,city ,Air quality ,Carbon capture and sequestrations ,Particulate Matter ,Carbon capture ,Forecasting - Abstract
Impacts of emissions changes from four potential U.S. CO2 emission reduction policies on 2050 air quality are analyzed using the community multiscale air quality model (CMAQ). Future meteorology was downscaled from the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) ModelE General Circulation Model (GCM) to the regional scale using the Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) model. We use emissions growth factors from the EPAUS9r MARKAL model to project emissions inventories for two climate tax scenarios, a combined transportation and energy scenario, a biomass energy scenario and a reference case. Implementation of a relatively aggressive carbon tax leads to improved PM2.5 air quality compared to the reference case as incentives increase for facilities to install flue-gas desulfurization (FGD) and carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technologies. However, less capital is available to install NOX reduction technologies, resulting in an O3 increase. A policy aimed at reducing CO2 from the transportation sector and electricity production sectors leads to reduced emissions of mobile source NOX, thus reducing O3. Over most of the U.S., this scenario leads to reduced PM2.5 concentrations. However, increased primary PM2.5 emissions associated with fuel switching in the residential and industrial sectors leads to increased organic matter (OM) and PM2.5 in some cities. © 2015 American Chemical Society.
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