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The dehesas are one of the most emblematic landscapes of the Extremadura region (Spain). Along with its natural values, it preserves a wide repertoire of knowledge and trades rooted in the history and tradition of rural communities. However, the knowledge and practices that have characterized life in this environment are currently under serious threat. Faced with this problem, this study was based on the premise that, for individuals to commit themselves to the care and transmission of heritage, it is first necessary for them to know, understand and value it. For this reason, the main objective was to determine the knowledge and appreciation of university students with respect to the dehesa and the ancestral practice of grazing. It also aimed to analyze which are the most valued methodologies, activities, and future strategies for understanding and preserving these cultural landscapes and their ancestral practices. To this end, 400 university students were surveyed, and various quantitative and qualitative analyses were carried out. Quantitative techniques include analyses based on weighted averages, contingency tables and the chi-square test, while qualitative techniques are based on word frequency analysis and inductive content analysis. Despite coming from an environment dominated by this landscape and being one of the few regions that still preserve the ancestral practice of pastoralism, the results corroborated the students' lack of understanding of the dehesa and the variety of uses it offers. In addition, it was evident that they have hardly frequented this landscape and have not participated in on-site educational experiences. It also revealed the importance of experiential and sensory activities in the understanding and appreciation of the rural environment and its traditions. The results can be useful for improving the design of educational tourism products based on intangible heritage. It can also be useful for adapting teaching strategies and activities to the level of knowledge and experiences of students, helping to ensure the success of the educational experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dehesas constitute one of the most relevant and traditional landscapes of the Extremadura region. However, the supremacy given to the economic–productive functionality of agricultural territories over environmental and cultural sustainability leads to the devaluation and neglect of the heritage manifestations of the rural world. Based on this premise, this study aimed to understand the current situation of some of the traditional trades of the Extremadura pasture, assessing the benefits of their conservation and determining the possible threats that hinder their preservation. In addition, it sought to articulate a proposal for solutions aimed at safeguarding them. To this end, the Delphi method was used, and 20 experts were interviewed in depth, mainly cork and charcoal extractors. The results corroborate the existence of various problems faced by the traditional trades, which compromise the conservation of the identity of the rural population and the sustainability of the dehesa. To mitigate these tensions, it was concluded that there is a need to disseminate the heritage of the dehesa through educational and agrotourism experiences to promote an increase in tourist awareness, revalue ancestral knowledge, and contribute to the conservation of intangible assets.

Dehesas constitute one of the most relevant and traditional landscapes of the Extremadura region. However, the supremacy given to the economic–productive functionality of agricultural territories over environmental and cultural sustainability leads to the devaluation and neglect of the heritage manifestations of the rural world. Based on this premise, this study aimed to understand the current situation of some of the traditional trades of the Extremadura pasture, assessing the benefits of their conservation and determining the possible threats that hinder their preservation. In addition, it sought to articulate a proposal for solutions aimed at safeguarding them. To this end, the Delphi method was used, and 20 experts were interviewed in depth, mainly cork and charcoal extractors. The results corroborate the existence of various problems faced by the traditional trades, which compromise the conservation of the identity of the rural population and the sustainability of the dehesa. To mitigate these tensions, it was concluded that there is a need to disseminate the heritage of the dehesa through educational and agrotourism experiences to promote an increase in tourist awareness, revalue ancestral knowledge, and contribute to the conservation of intangible assets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Roma ethnicity from Romania it is very significant in terms of population reported to the statistical data, as well as to the unofficial data issued by Roma organizations. This community it is in the spotlight of local public institutions and also of non-governmental organizations (Ionescu and Cace, 2006: 67). In official documents we can talk about Roma people since the second half of the fourteenth century (Petcuț, 2009: 17). Roma ethnicity is formed of several subclasses. The names of these subclasses are generated by the profession practiced, for example: the group of musicians (Lăutari), the group of spoon makers (Lingurari), the group of goldsmiths (Aurari), the group of silversmiths (Argintari), the group of tinsmiths (Spoitori), the group of florists (Florari), the group of blacksmiths (Fierari) and so on. In this article I will present qualitative research through the interview method. The question of the research was formulated like this: I consider that although all the people from Roma community practice traditional jobs, as well as non-traditional jobs, there is no connection between trades and the defining subgroup to which they belong and for the membership at a specific subgroup. The general objective is to aim the identification and the qualitative analysis of the traditional and non-traditional economic practices of Roma community from Timișoara and Cluj-Napoca. The technique I used is the interview technique. The tool used in this research is the semi-structured interview guide. At this research 20 people of Roma ethnicity participated, 10 people from Timișoara, 10 people from ClujNapoca. The results of this research provide to the local public institutions and to the nongovernmental organizations an integrated, grounded approach to understanding the traditions, the traditional and non-traditional trades so that the disparities between the Roma community and the majority population could be reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]