Search

This paper aims to use an augmented tourism demand model to examine the determinants of tourism diversification by using the data from 46 tourism markets and seven tourism activities in Australia from 1987 to 2021. The tourism markets in Australia have been further divided into sub-regions, and each region has been analyzed. The empirical evidence shows that an increase in the average income in the source markets and infrastructure investment in Australia increases tourism diversification. At the same time, the relative price effect appears to hinder Australia's tourism market diversification. Political risk has not been shown to have a significant impact on Australia's tourism market diversification. Policy conclusions and discussions related to the empirical results are presented in the main body of the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the influence of tourism on the environment is a frequently studied topic, examining the impact of tourism diversification on carbon emissions is a recent area of research. In this context, this study examines the impacts of tourism diversification, income, energy consumption, research and development expenditures, and population density on carbon emissions in New Zealand for the period 1981–2020 using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag approach. The results illustrate that income, lower tourism diversification, and energy consumption increase carbon emissions, while an upsurge in population density and research and development expenditures minimizes environmental degradation. According to the findings, New Zealand's intensification of tourism in certain areas increases the environmental damage. It is therefore recommended that the New Zealand government promote tourism diversification and research and development expenditures to achieve environmental sustainability goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Beyond the growth in tourist numbers, tourism in the Antarctic has been rapidly diversifying over the last decades. This paper examines Antarctic tourism policy documents from 1961 to 2022 while exploring Antarctic tourism diversification's historical development and current state. The paper frames Antarctic tourism diversification, clarifying its dimensions, expressed concerns, and suggested policy options for tourism management and regulation. The results reveal that policy discussions were often not aligned with the practice of tourism in the Antarctic, indicating a lack of a comprehensive understanding of its extent and dimensions. While Treaty Parties have long recognized and voiced several concerns over tourism diversification, they have achieved little progress toward regulation and concrete management actions. Market-based processes and policy indecisiveness, including inaction, strongly influence diversification processes. Given tourism's increasing importance and potential effects, a structural understanding of tourism diversification, its ramifications, processes, and policy relationships is essential to proactively shape Antarctic tourism governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The visitor economy of Forks now clearly relies upon a niche form of tourism – as fans of The Twilight Saga are drawn to the setting and filming location of the films. The purpose of this study is to consider the process of diversification and subsequently present recommendations that could inform a future diversification strategy for Forks, in preparation for a post-film tourism scenario. Design/methodology/approach – The research methods employed in this study have two interlinked but distinct elements. Firstly, the Twilight Effect in Forks (WA, USA) is considered as an illustrative case study to shed light on the issues facing a destination that has seen a tourism boom as a direct result of popular culture – The Twilight Saga Franchise. Secondly, a scenario thinking and planning approach is applied when considering the “long-view” future of tourism in Forks. Findings – This article presents a post-film tourism future scenario for Forks; it suggests tourism diversification and a shift towards cultural heritage and wellness. Forks is well placed to afford such tourism experiences, as it offers unique cultural and natural characteristics; furthermore, these could be utilised to create and maintain a distinctive destination image. In doing so a more socially and environmentally sustainable industry can be established, one which supports the local community, including the Quileute tribe. Originality/value – The article offers original discussions within the film-tourism literature with novel approaches to understanding the management and pre-planning opportunities for destinations that have become popular film tourism locations, with the application of a “Tourism Diversification Model”. The model is adapted from Ansoff Matrix and can be applied as a framework in future studies exploring destination diversification. The investigation of Forks as a post-film tourism case study alone is unique, and the discussions and findings presented are original.

Evolution of stakeholder networks along tourism diversification trajectories in mid-mountain areas: new forms of collaboration? In a context of adaptation to global changes, mid-mountain territories structured around winter sports tourism are evolving towards more diversified tourism schemes. This process of diversification of the tourism offer can be observed in the long term and alters the trajectories of these territories by enlarging the panel of actors involved in the tourism offer and, therefore, by playing on their forms of organization. Consequently, the networks of actors are bound to evolve and we hypothesize that this renewal leads to more collaborations. The article proposes an evolutionary approach to networks and systems of relationships between stakeholders in diversification. This approach is formalized through the development of multi-actor diagrams and stakeholders ' maps in two study areas, the Sancy massif, in the Massif central, and the Haut-Chablais, in the Alps. It is thus possible to affirm that diversification strengthens collaboration by making it necessary to identify key actors, to affirm common visions and objectives, to include the diversity of actors established in the territories, and to articulate spatial relationships, in contexts of a variable dependence on an organization around winter sports tourism. The analysis carried out in the field allows us to conclude that the Sancy massif, which is following a more advanced process of diversification, is experimenting with more complete collaborations, compared to the Haut-Chablais territory, where an organization of actors around winter sports persists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change is a global challenge that also for glacier tourism. In the European Alps, glacial volume has decreased to one half since the end of the Little Ice Age. To confront with this evolution, local stakeholders are slowing adapting diversification on their tourism products and services. One of these adaptations concerns highlighting the scientific value of the glacier landscapes. Several Glacier Interpretation Centres (GIC) have been developed with the dual aim of spreading scientific knowledge and promoting glacier tourism destinations. Based on a qualitative approach and built in a historical and geographical perspective, this article aims to examine the territorial dynamics and the interaction of stakeholders which led to the creation of three of these centres: the Espace Glacialis (Champagny-le-Haut, France), the Glaciorium (Chamonix, France) and the World Nature Forum (Naters, Switzerland). Through a comparative analysis of these three GICs, the objective is to understand how the valorization of scientific knowledge contributes to the diversification of tourism in mountain areas. Although glacier tourism destinations are profoundly affected by climate change, the results show that local authorities have a strong will to continue to promote their glacier heritages through the creation and management of GICs, these centres undeniably contribute to the diversification of the tourism market and to the dynamisation of the tourism activity in their territories by relying on scientific knowledge and its mediation.

Climate change is a global challenge that also for glacier tourism. In the European Alps, glacial volume has decreased to one half since the end of the Little Ice Age. To confront with this evolution, local stakeholders are slowing adapting diversification on their tourism products and services. One of these adaptations concerns highlighting the scientific value of the glacier landscapes. Several Glacier Interpretation Centres (GIC) have been developed with the dual aim of spreading scientific knowledge and promoting glacier tourism destinations. Based on a qualitative approach and built in a historical and geographical perspective, this article aims to examine the territorial dynamics and the interaction of stakeholders which led to the creation of three of these centres: the Espace Glacialis (Champagny-le-Haut, France), the Glaciorium (Chamonix, France) and the World Nature Forum (Naters, Switzerland). Through a comparative analysis of these three GICs, the objective is to understand how the valorization of scientific knowledge contributes to the diversification of tourism in mountain areas. Although glacier tourism destinations are profoundly affected by climate change, the results show that local authorities have a strong will to continue to promote their glacier heritages through the creation and management of GICs, these centres undeniably contribute to the diversification of the tourism market and to the dynamisation of the tourism activity in their territories by relying on scientific knowledge and its mediation.

The objective of this research is to measure the economic impact of language tourism in a medium-sized Spanish city, Alicante, which has been traditionally considered a sun and sand destination on the Mediterranean coast. This analysis aims to highlight the importance of developing a tourism diversification strategy and the desirability of promoting alternative forms of tourism. This investigation demonstrates the significant economic impact that language tourism has on a consolidated tourism destination as Alicante, which is higher, in relative terms, than the impact generated by conventional tourism. Based on the findings, the implications of the study are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Turkey shows rapid growth with the kinds of health care and health tourism. While Turkey is making an investment in tourism so as to increase the level of income earned from tourism and attracts more tourists, it also implements diversification policy in tourism. One of the most important type of tourism in the diversification of the tourism constitutes medical tourism. With Turkey's specialist physicians experienced medical personnel, medical technology, quality of service, hospitality, infrastructure and superstructure facilities, there is a great potential in medical tourism. This study was conducted in order to examine the current situation of the medical tourism being a kind of health tourism in Turkey, determine whether there are problems in medical tourism and develop proposals. In the light of this purpose, data was collected from 206 private hospital managers across the Turkey by using questionnaire. Within the scope of the study, most of the hospitals have seen medical tourism concept. Advertisement problems, negative country image, determined as negative factors affecting the development of medical tourism in Turkey; health legislation problems, financial support inadequacy, and the problem of qualified staff were identified as problems by the managers. After the content analysis, the suggestions made by the hospital administrators for medical tourism development, the promotion, the establishment of the common tariff scheme and the importance of accreditation have been given priority. Turkey should give importance to making efficient and active promotion across abroad, increasing the number and the quality of staff who speak foreign languages, the development of infrastructure and accreditation so as to increase market share in the medical tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to analyze the actors’ interactions around this tourism diversification process based on outdoor sports, and in particular trail running, in the Pays of Allevard. To understand the tourism diversification process, it is necessary to analyze the way the local actors use the sport, take ownership of it, and transform it according to their interests, in particular to make it a tourism resource. The results show that the actors supporting the diversification project all practice the sport in question, and therefore have an interest in its development. Thus, trail running was considered as a godsend by certain economic actors, enabling them to offer new services. Sport therefore becomes an economic resource, but also a communication and territorial marketing tool when the objective is to rejuvenate the image of the territory. However, certain local elected officials question the relevance of this diversification project, whose economic impacts remain difficult to quantify. Moreover, this opposition to the development of a new sports activity within the destination illustrates the resonance of traditionalism with respect to the management of a territory. And disagreements concerning the positioning to be adopted make it difficult to construct a tourist identity for the destination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the prospects of tourism product diversification in the tourism industry of Botswana. The government of Botswana is faced with the challenge of diversifying the economy and tourism has been proposed as one of the key clusters to lead the needed diversification. Tourism in Botswana is largely wildlife based. A review of tourism diversification discourse suggests that it improves destination competitiveness, overcomes the issues of seasonality and distributes tourists to other areas thereby ensuring industry sustainability. The methodological approaches to the study blended a mix of extensive literature reviews, document analysis, primary data collection through open ended and closed questionnaires to provide a balanced examination of the challenges and the opportunities of tourism product diversification. We conclude that there is need to diversify the tourism industry in Botswana through events, culture and sports tourism. Though sustainability and competitiveness are common objectives for tourism diversification, the stakeholders in Botswana regard it as an avenue to create employment for the local community and alleviate poverty. The study therefore recommends that the government, together with key stakeholders invest in the events industry, upgrade sports facilities and work with communities to reposition the local culture as a key tourism asset.

The complex nature of tourism, its strong inter-sectoral relationships and regional dimension challenge innovation. The advent of smart specialisation, which focuses on regional diversification across sectors, offers considerable and hitherto largely unrealized potential for developing innovative tourism policies within this new agenda. This paper addresses the understudied concept of tourism diversification and its unrealized relevance to smart specialisation, which has emerged as amainstream logic underpinning EU Cohesion Policy reforms and has diffused into other OECD countries. It provides a theoretical framework for studying product, market, sectoral and regional diversification as well as related variety in tourism. Some policy implications for realizing tourism diversification and for the potential role of tourism in smart specialisation strategies in particular are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism demand was strongly affected by cultural, social, personal, and psychological characteristics. Lifestyle is one of the personal and psychographic characteristics and this study was designed to investigate whether life style affects the demand for alternative tourism. This study was conducted in Aksaray, Turkey and study data were gathered from 402 participants, determined through convenience sampling method, via a questionnaire. Results of the multiple regression analyses demonstrated the effect of lifestyle on the demand for alternative tourism. Thus, this study revealed the importance of alternative tourism as a tourism product diversification tool according to target markets' lifestyle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article intends to reveal the industrial tourism potential of the Pécs-Mecsek region in Hungary where we believe there is an adequate potential of the present industrial heritage but only a limited or rather poor utilisation is realised in the research area in this respect. The possible utilisation of the industrial heritage would be useful since the area is facing a stagnating tourism industry and position losses in the latter period so the authors believe that the chance for the renewal of tourism product development could also be provided by the industrial heritage tourism in the analysed region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pasos: Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural is the property of Universidad de La Laguna, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Politicas y Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Macao's gross gaming revenues have increased considerably in the past decade since casino liberalization to more than 6 times that of the Las Vegas Strip (Nevada). Macao's global dominance in gaming revenues is in contrast to Macao's meetings, incentive travel, conventions, and exhibitions (MICE) development. With comparisons to the Las Vegas Strip model of a balance between gaming and conventions, Macao's MICE industry has not advanced in tandem with Macao's casino expansion. Macao's bolstering gaming revenues have presented little incentive for most gaming operators to move beyond, with conventions and exhibitions remaining on the fringes of hospitality offerings as a supporting unit to casino product positioning. As the Cotai Strip enters its second wave of integrated resort construction an increasing number of MICE, as well as other nongaming venues, will be included within the resort designs. A key vision behind casino liberalization, as well as an expressed wish by the Chinese authorities, is for Macao to diversify its tourism portfolio to include more MICE development. Examining Macao's casino tourism growth trajectory, this article suggests this limited growth in MICE could continue. Isolating key limiting factors, strategic actions are presented in the paper as approaches to further involve and potentially advance MICE development along Macao's Cotai Strip. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper presents the outcome of empirical research into the influences of government intervention on tourism investment using a sample of Chinese listed companies that have diversified into the tourism sector. Government intervention is measured on the basis of the CEO’s political connections, the relationship between the government and the market, and the degree of financial market development. The results show that state-owned enterprises (SOEs) with strong political connections are likely to diversify into the tourism industry, especially in the area in which the government intervenes in the market excessively and the financial market is well-developed, although the tourism businesses of these firms tend to operate poorly after diversification. Amongst non-SOEs, in contrast, government intervention factors are not found to facilitate diversification into the tourism sector to any significant degree. Less government intervention is found to be beneficial for these firms, allowing them to improve their performance in the tourism sector. It is thus concluded that greater local government awareness of policy implementation is necessary to avoid unfair competition between SOEs and non-SOEs and to target the long-term positive development of the Chinese tourism sector. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

During the global recession of 2008, the demand for international tourism decreased. However, even during the recession, some tourism destinations benefitted from stabilized or even increasing international tourism demands. This paper analyzes factors which contribute to the growing international tourism demand in a destination. The empirical results identified three factors that helped Las Vegas survive the recession with the growing international demand: (1) the combined effect of the greater income elasticity of the visitors from Asia and Oceania due to fast income growth in the region, (2) Las Vegas' tourism product diversification through its high adaptive capacity which intensified its unique attractiveness and resulted in inelastic demand response to tourism price change, (3) "word-of-mouth" effect from the international visitors with a higher satisfaction level from diversified tourism products. Above all, diversification of tourism products and visitor origins was key to distribute the risk during an economic crisis with growing uncertainty and to stimulate a faster recovery thanks to the within-sector diversification in the tourism industry. Las Vegas' successful recovery was possible due to its adaptive capability in complex adaptive system (CAS). Highly specialized service-oriented regional economies can enhance regional resilience by improving adaptive capacity towards within-sector related variety. • Diversification through adaptive capability of Las Vegas' tourism contributed to economic recovery and resilience. • By improving adaptive capacity towards within-sector variety, Las Vegas could successfully enhance regional resilience. • Greater income elasticity of the Asian visitors with fast income growth dampened the tourism demand shock in Las Vegas. • Las Vegas' tourism diversification intensified the attractiveness leading to inelastic demand response to price change. • The positive word-of-mouth effect from international visitors further increased tourism demand in Las Vegas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper develops an identity-based rationale to investigate why winery owners resist and/or limit their engagement in agritourism diversification. Using qualitative evidence from a sample of Italian winery owners, the paper draws on social identity theory to explain how owners' identities affect tourism diversification. The findings reveal that they actively construct a producer identity and that this identity is simultaneously regulated by various institutional forces (e.g. local winemaking community), which in turn shape their reluctance to pursue tourism diversification. The paper contributes to a better understanding of why agricultural producers resist tourism diversification. Practical implications and future research directions are discussed. • Winery owners' identities are examined to reveal their reluctance to pursue agritourism diversification. • Winery owners strongly identify with their occupation/profession and construct a producer identity. • Agritourism diversification is perceived as a threat to winery owners' producer identity. • Social identity theory (SIT) provides a valuable framework for researching tourism diversification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]