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Objective: Regarding the importance of nutritional management in saline conditions and the need to investigate the nutritional aspects of the new quinoa crop, this research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of different levels of salinity stress and different nano fertilizers on the morphological characteristics and quantitative and qualitative characteristics of quinoa forage. Methods: This experiment was conducted on factorial experimental based on a completely randomized design with three replications in the research field of Urmia University during 2017-2018. The first factor was salinity stress with water of Lake Urmia at three levels (0, 16, 32 dS m-1) and the second factor was nanofertilizer at five levels (potassium, zinc calcium, silica, and no foliar application (control)). Results: The results showed that the highest and lowest values of plant height, leaf dry weight and inflorescence dry weight were obtained from the treatment without salinity stress and salinity stress at 32 dS m-1, respectively. Salinity stress at 32 and 16 ds/m, compared to the control, increased crude protein (5% and 3%), soluble carbohydrates (15% and 14%), acid detergent fiber (23% and 7%), neutral detergent fiber (20% and 5%) and crude fiber (10% and 5%), respectively, while it reduced the total ash (27% and 17%) and dry matter digestibility (22% and 8%). Also, foliar application of nano-fertilizers improved forage quality traits such as crude protein, total ash, dry matter digestibility and soluble carbohydrate content and unfavorable qualitative traits such as neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and crude fiber decreased. Conclusion: Therefore, in order to improve the growth, increase the quality of quinoa forage, and reduce the effects of salinity stress, foliar application with various nano-fertilizers, especially calcium nano-fertilizer, is highly recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herbal drugs are one of the very well-known medicines adapted by millions of people worldwide since ancient time. The plant kingdom is a treasure of potential phytochemicals that can be utilized to treat variety of medical conditions. With the advent of increase in demand and knowledge of herbal medicines quality of these herbal medicines has grab the attention of various pharma industries. Thus, certain standard parameters to determine the quality of raw material are described in the present article. In the current study the quality of raw material 16 members of order Myrtales constituting 5 families i.e. Myrtaceae, Lythraceae, Lecythidaceae, Melastomataceae and Combretaceae from different regions of Maharashtra were carried out. Allied variety of plants from the region of Mumbai and Lonavala were considered for the study. Physicochemical parameters such as Moisture content, Total Ash Value, Acid soluble Ash, and Water-soluble Ash were determined. Values of proximate analysis of raw material were found to be within permissible limit as specified in pharmacopeia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carnosic acids and other bioactive substances in rosemary essential oil help regulate weight by decreasing dietary fat absorption. This study examined how 380mg of encapsulated rosemary oil affected body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio. 40 obese women were studied. The eight-week study. Before and after the study, BMI and WHR were measured. This study used two-sample t-tests. This study found that rosemary oil was a light-yellow liquid with a distinct smell and soluble in polar solvents like alcohol. Its relative density was 0.91±0.18, the refractive index was 1.39±0.06, pH was 6.01±0.31, and optical rotation was -4.87°. It contained moisture content (9.27±1.38)%, total ash (6.98±0.18)%, water soluble ash (4.01±0.06)%, and acid soluble ash (1.89±0.31)%. Total phenolic content (TPC) was 123.74±0.02mg GAE/g and total flavonoid content (TFC) was 57.21±0.11mg QE/g. Results showed a significant reduction in body mass index in treatment groups. The treatment group showed a reduction in body mass index from 37.29±9.86 to 35.21±18.74. However, the control group showed no change. Results showed a significant reduction in the waist-to-hip ratio from 0.97±0.03 to 0.91±0.04. However, the control group showed a slight increase in the waist-to-hip ratio over the period. Thus, rosemary oil can be useful in the management of obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The X-ray diffraction internal standard method can quantitatively determine the ash content of paper, but the requirements for the experimental environment are high, the determination is not convenient and the cost is high, and it is difficult to be widely used in the papermaking enterprises. In order to determine the total ash and its components of the single filler paper samples, and meet the ash determination requirements of papermaking enterprises, the continuous X-ray method is proposed. In this paper, an X-ray tube is used as the radiation source and an ionization chamber is used as the detector. Through polynomial fitting of the total ash and voltage logarithm ratio of the single filler paper samples, the mathematical model of total ash is established; the total ash and its components content of paper are calculated according to the mathematical model of total ash and the Beer–Lambert law deformation formula; the total ash and its components content of paper are verified by the burning method. The research results show that the total ash error of the single filler paper samples is less than 4%, and the ash component error is less than 5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By using Angelica acutiloba seedlings produced by short-period raising in paper pot (PP), we investigated the effect of taproot base diameter on the growth after planting and evaluated the quality of toki (当帰, Angelicae Acutilobae Radix) produced from PP-grown seedlings (PT). In this study, PP-grown seedlings of seven classes which are sorted difference taproot base diameter (P1–P7) were transplanted. As a result, the survival rates were not less than 90% for P6 (taproot base diameter: 10.0–12.7 cm) and P7 (taproot base diameter: 12.8–17.3 cm), and the bolting rates were 20.5% and 24.1% for P6 and P7, respectively. The traditionally grown seedling (TS) showed the highest available harvest rate of 82.3%, followed by P6 (71.8%) and P7 (69.0%). P7 showed the highest fresh weight and dry weight per 1a (100 m2), followed by P6 and TS. However, PP-grown seedlings are prone to bolting, and it is expected the yield can be increased by preventing bolting. In addition, PT satisfied the regulations of JP17 in terms of, for example, dilute ethanol-soluble extract content, total ash content, and acid-insoluble ash content. It was also found that PT has a higher proportion of lateral roots with respect to the total weight than toki produced from traditionally grown seedlings (TT). The total (Z)-ligustilide contents were 0.07% in PT and 0.12% in TT. It was revealed that it is possible to produce toki that satisfies JP17 regulations; moreover, the period required for toki production was shortened by 6 months with PP-grown seedlings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to obtain the optimum cultivation period and the best harvesting time of Psammosilene tunicoides. in a year. [ Method] The contents of moisture, total ash and alcohol extract content were determined for samples with different cultivation years and different harvesting time. [ Result] The moisture, total ash and alcohol extract content of Psammosilene tunicoides. samples with different cultivation years and different harvesting time were in accordance with the relevant standards. From the second year of cultivation, the content of alcohol extract increased gradually, and increased the fastest from the second year to the third year, and harvested in October was the highest. ( Conclusion) In Lijiang city, Yunnan province, the optimum cultivation period was 3 years and the best harvesting time of Psammosilene tunicoides. in a year was in October. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The bark of walnut is currently poorly understood and is not represented in the Russian State Pharmacopeia. The purpose was to study the quality indicators medicinal plants walnut crust and extracts there from were studied: moisture content, total ash, ash insoluble in 10% hydrochloric acid feedstock walnut crust; content of tannins and juglone in walnut crust; GC-mass spectrometric study of the composition petroleum extract from the bark of a walnut. Materials and Methods: Microscopy was prepared by the pharmacopoeial method. The chemical composition of the petroleum extract was investigated by chromatomass spectrometry. Results: The content of glycosides amount in terms of gidroyuglone glucoside and absolutely dry RL was 5.30 ± 0.15. Humidity was 9,41% ± 0,21. total ash content was 10,18% ± 0,1. The ash content insoluble in 10% hydrochloric acid was 4.8 ± 0.16. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method in petroleum extraction from the bark of walnut were identified following compounds: oktadetsilgeksanoat (28%) of 4-isopropenyl- 1-methyl-2-cyclohexenol-1 (38%), cineole (1,6%), thujone (0.7%), camphor (16.6%), 2 - benzamidoantrahinone (0.45%), 4,5 - dihydroxy - 3,4 - dihydro - 1 (2H) - naftalenon (6.4%) ethyl ester of palmitic acid (8.25%) Toxic effects petroleum extract was TD50 = 2,5. Chronic absent. All mice in the experimental group had diarrhea. It was established that the extraction has petroleum anthelmintic properties at askaridioze. Conclusions: The analysis of petroleum extraction from walnut partitions was carried out, the content of basic biologically active substances was revealed. The main anatomical and diagnostic signs of walnut bark walls were studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: The date palm cultivation has a long history in Bushehr province. Throughout the recent decade the dusts, in addition to direct harmful effects on humans, have adverse effects on health of the population living in this area. The infestation of pests in the southern province of Bushehr has groves. Due to the importance of dates in this area, the total ash and acid insoluble ash as indexes for assessing of chemical pollution and also, mold and yeast as indicators for microbial contamination were evaluated. Recently in a number of dates packaging industries, washing the products after the harvest is done. In current study, the effects of rinsing to decrease the dust pollution on date palm along with, the time effect on the quality and durability of washed and un-washed dates were investigated. Materials and Methods: Overall, 48 washed and un-washed dates were sampled from traditional and technologically advanced packaging industries, equally, and were confirmed according to ISIRI methods. Results: The Averages of total and acid insoluble ashes in washed date samples were:1.05±0.14 and 3.32±0.32%, and for un-washed samples were 1.36±0.27 and 4.59±1.64 percent, respectively. In all date samples were presented the yeast, however, their means were lower than the maximum limit (1×104 CFU). Also, all date samples were moldy. The Mean percentage of total ash samples in un-rinsed and rinsed dates were approximately, 1.84 and 1.33 times more than the maximum permissible limit, respectively. The mean of acid insoluble ash in all samples (100%), and 98% of total ash were higher than acceptable levels (p

To understand the current quality status and rearing situation of Bombyx Batryticatus, the authors collected 102 batches of Bombyx Batryticatus from different main producing areas and five major Chinese medicine markets from 2016 to 2018, and measured the properties and quality of the silk gland, to clarify the quality status of Bombyx Batryticatus from different producing areas and markets. In addition, 35 batches of Bombyx Batryticatus from 2019 to 2022 were used to verify the silk gland after revision. Moreover, Beauveria Bassiana was inoculated in the silkworm of 4-5 instars, and standardized rearing was carried out until they die. The death rate and the quality of Bombyx Batryticatus were measured to determine the differences in Bombyx Batryticatus of different instars, and explore the rationality of the infection age of Bombyx Batryticatus in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020). The results revealed that in the 102 batches of Bombyx Batryticatus, the qualification rate of silk gland was low; the content of total ash far exceeded the standard; the content of beauvericin varied greatly. The qualification rate of the silk gland of the 35 batches of Bombyx Batryticatus was only 47.49%, which could be increased to 73.00% if the number of silk gland was 2 to 4. The death rate of Bombyx Batryticatus at different infection ages was quite different, with uneven quality. Generally, the yield of Bombyx Batryticatus inoculated on the first day of the fifth instar was high with good quality. Therefore, in combination with the quality and actual production of Bombyx Batryticatus, the following suggestions were proposed for revision of Bombyx Batryticatus in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2025): The number of silk gland should be revised as 2-4 bright brown or bright black silk glands, after which, the quality of Bombyx Batryticatus could be guaranteed, and the "quality identification based on character" could also be reflected scientifically; the content determination index that the content of beauvericin shall not be less than 0.017% should be added to better control the quality of Bombyx Batryticatus; the infection age should be revised as the first day of the fifth instar to narrow the age span, which could better fit the actual production and ensure the quality of Bombyx Batryticatus.

Bu çal ışmada, sulama suyu tuzlulu ğ u ile değiş ik Ca/Mg oranlar ı n ı n, sera koş ullar ı nda lizimetrede yetiştirilen turpun, baz ı kalite parametreleri üzerine olan etkileri ara şt ı rı lm ışt ı r. Çalışma, cam örtülü bir serada, 350 mm çapl ı PVC borulardan 650 mm boyunda kesilerek olu şturulan lizimetrelerde yap ı lm ışt ı r. Denemeler, 5 sulama suyu tuzlulu ğ u 0.4, 1.5, 2.5, 5 ve 7.5 dS/m ve 2 Ca/Mg oran ı 3:1 ve 1:3 konular ı ile tesadüf parsellerinde faktoriyel düzende ve 3 tekrarlamall olarak gerçekleştirilmi ştir. Yumru ve gövde biokütle de ğerleri ile yumruda toplam kül ve mineral madde analizleri değr rlendirilmi ştir. Yumru ve gövde biokütle de ğerleri, tuzluluk ile %1 düzeyinde, toplam kül ise tuzluluk, Ca/Mg oran ı ve kon ı etkileşimleri ile %1 düzeyinde önemli de ğ işmeler göstermiştir. Mineral madde içeriklerinde Na, Ca, Mg, CI, N, P, Zn ve I In önemli değ i ş meler gösterirken, K, Fe ve Cu içerikleri ise de'ğ i şmemiştir.

Background: The date palm cultivation has a long history in Bushehr province. Throughout the recent decade; the dusts, in addition to direct harmful effects on humans, have adverse effects on health of the population living in this area. The infestation of pests in the southern province of Bushehr has groves. Due to the importance of dates in this area, the total ash and acid insoluble ash as indexes for assessing of chemical pollution and also, mold and yeast as indicators for microbial contamination were evaluated. Recently in a number of dates packaging industries, washing the products after the harvest is done. In current study, the effects of rinsing to decrease the dust pollution on date palm along with, the time effect on the quality and durability of washed and un-washed dates were investigated. Materials and Methods: Overall, 48 washed and un-washed dates were sampled from traditional and technologically advanced packaging industries, equally, and were confirmed according to ISIRI methods. Results: The Averages of total and acid insoluble ashes in washed date samples were:1.05±0.14 and 3.32±0.32%, and for un-washed samples were 1.36±0.27 and 4.59±1.64 percent, respectively. In all date samples were presented the yeast, however, their means were lower than the maximum limit (1 x 104 CFU). Also, all date samples were moldy. The Mean percentage of total ash samples in un-rinsed and rinsed dates were approximately, 1.84 and 1.33 times more than the maximum permissible limit, respectively. The mean of acid insoluble ash in all samples (100%), and 98% of total ash were higher than acceptable levels (p<0.05). The results revealed that the average percentage difference between the two groups were transpicuous, while this difference was not significant (p=0.13). Under the similar conditions, the average amount of yeast in washed date samples, were significantly different (p<0.05) and more than un-wash samples. The Mold levels in un-rinsed and rinsed samples; were 83.3 and 75% higher than the maximum permissible limit. According to the results, regardless of a decrease in amount of molds in washed samples than un-wash samples, the rinsing, was unable to eliminate the pollution, or even decreased it to acceptable levels. Conclusion: According to the findings, present rinsing is not an appropriate method for long storage. Observations, after one year upkeep in the same conditions, expressed that all un-washed date samples were apparently healthy, without any pests and insects. While 91.6% of the washed samples were insectivores, also their textured appearances were very unpleasant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was conducted at the National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan to investigate the impact of mixing low palatable grasses namely Heteropogon contortus, Desmostachya bipinnata, Sorghum halepense and Chrysopogon aucheri with tree leaves of Leucaena leucocephala (Ipil ipil) in the ratio of 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, along with sole species on their chemical composition. Samples were analyzed for proximate parameters (crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), total ash and ether extract (EE)). The results revealed that there were significant differences in dry matter (DM) among different grasses. DM content of low palatable grasses was generally high (70-75%) as compared to Ipil ipil leaves (45-55%). DM content among mixtures was also variable. For the treatment grass 75% + Ipil ipil 25%, DM range was 65-70%, for grass 50% + Ipil ipil 50%, it was 60-65% and for grass 25% + Ipil ipil 75%, it was 55%. The CP value of the treatments showed significant variation ranging from less than 10% in grasses to almost 30% in pure Ipil ipil leaves. The mixtures had CP content corresponding to proportions of grasses and legume tree leaves. The CF values also varied significantly among the treatments. Grasses had in general higher CF content than legume leaves. It can be concluded that addition of Ipil ipil leaves to grasses improved overall nutrition especially CP of the feed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the current quality control status of raw materials in 'Ssanghwatang', a widely used oriental formula effective for fatigue recovery in Korea, 1024 samples of 9 herbs available in Seoul area markets were collected, and the contents of quality inspection items such as total ash, acid-insoluble ash, loss on drying, and hazardous heavy metals (Pb, As, Cd, Hg) were examined. Medicinal herbs requiring quality control, which may not meet the specifications and standards set by the Korea Food and Drug Administration, were selected using robust z-scores, a random variable. Among the quality control items, control of total ash content was required for the Ssanghwatang raw materials Cinnamomi Cortex, Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, Zingiberis Rhizoma, and Zizyphi Fructus; loss on drying for Cinnamomi Cortex; and heavy metal (Cd) for Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Cinnamomi Cortex, and Zingiberis Rhizoma. Additionally, acid-insoluble ash content revealed how many fine soil and sand particles are present in commercial medicinal herbs, which were correlated with heavy metals such as Pb ( r = 0.528) and As ( r = 0.342) in Rehmanniae Radix Preparata ( p < 0.01). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation was undertaken to analyze the physicochemical and chromatographic profile of dried tuberous roots of Euphorbia fusiformis. Physicochemical parameters like loss on drying, total ash value, acid insoluble ash, water insoluble ash, various extractive values, pH etc., were carried out. Further, qualitative tests for various functional groups like alkaloids, glycosides etc., were carried out in methanol and water extracts. The results of the preliminary phytochemical screening indicated the presence of carbohydrates, starch, flavanoids and steroids. Thin layer chromatography was carried out using different solvent systems which revealed two common spots indicating the presence of some common phyto-constituents. The parameters of present study can be used as a reference for further scientific investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb. (Kuberaksha) is an Ayurvedic herb used in the management of malaria, liver disorders, worms, edematous conditions, etc. Based on classical Ayurvedic textual indications and recent pharmacological studies, its leaf powder was selected for studying its effect clinically on filaria. Before conducting the clinical trails, this leaf powder was subjected to certain chemical studies to find the pH, ash value, extractive values, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC), etc. for standardization of the drug. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The widespread use of herbal drugs, among which those coming from eastern Countries, has created a more compelling need for quality, a pre-requisite that can influence safety. In the present study, 10 Chinese crude herbal drugs marketed in Italy (Radix Ginseng, Radix Astragali, Rhizoma Coptidis, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Radix Bupleuri, Radix Rehmanniae, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Radix Polygalae, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) were analysed by the following purity assays: foreign matter, total ash, microbial and heavy metal contamination. Each herbal drug was purchased in Italy from three different sources: two Chinese firms and one Chinese herbal shop. Except for the heavy metal content, the tests were performed according to the European Pharmacopoeia. The presence of parasites was shown in two samples; moreover, level of ash (in three samples), lead content (in one sample) and total viable aerobic count (in one sample), were higher than the limits set by the European or Italian Pharmacopoeias. Our results, even if obtained from a small number of herbal drugs, show some purity issues and underline the importance of the quality control, particularly for this kind of products whose therapeutic value is not always demonstrated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Among the immunomodulators of plant origin, a number of very popular formations are prepared from the purple coneflower ( Echinacea purpurea Moench.). One type of medicinal plant material prepared from Echinacea purpurea is the fresh herb. The total ash and moisture contents of fresh Echinacea purpurea herb were studied in relation to structures of the above-ground part and the age of the plants harvested over two years. The leaves and inflorescences were found to be the parts of fresh Echinacea purpurea herb with the highest moisture contents, i.e., 75% and 78% respectively. Total ash content in the fresh herb was about 3%, with the maximum quantities found in stems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the discussion of the source, preparation and quality problems of Indigo Naturalis, the historical tradition and reality were summarized by literature survey and producing area investigation. Besides some quality problems, potential safety hazards were found out in some samples from market tested. Because lime could not be dislodged enough from Indigo Naturalis in the process of purification, the samples of Indigo Naturalis contained too much lime and showed strong alkalinity. It was suggested that the quality standard of Indigo Naturalis should be revised and revised and some detection projects and methods should be added into the standard. In addition, we suggested that the production access of Indigo Naturalis should be further defined.