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Copyright of LingVaria is the property of Ksiegarnia Akademicka Sp. zo.o and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Toponymy, which is one of the sub-branches of onomastics, provides naming data that can be used to examine the way societies perceive the universe and nature through their perception of space. In this context, it can be said that analyzing Turkish toponyms in the Anatolian geography is a very appropriate method to obtain guiding outputs about the cultural and settlement history of the Turks of Turkey. It is noteworthy that some of the toponyms found in Anatolia, which are understood to be Turkish in terms of their morphophonemic structures, have not provided any information about their linguistic features and origins other than folk etymologies. Based on this attention, through this study, some suggestions based on the methods of linguistics on the origin of the name "Çakraz", which is mostly used as a village name in various regions of Anatolia, have been expressed. Accordingly, there are many linguistic reasons to think that the toponym "Çakraz" is formed as "Çakır + Az". In this study, these reasons and the inferences about which concept area this toponym may cover are discussed in the presence of alternative views and based on the toponym Çakraz in Bartın-Amasra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Türkologiya is the property of Presidium of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkish Culture & Haci Bektas Veli Research Quarterly is the property of Turkish Cultur & Haci Bektas Veli Research Quarterly and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Rozwijające się obecnie intensywnie kontakty polsko-koreańskie i bezpośredni dostęp do wiedzy na temat Korei Południowej jako jednego z najważnieszych państw obszaru Azji Wschodniej – a uzyskany dzięki przekazom internetowym oraz medialnym – sprawiły, że toponimy koreańskie są coraz częściej asymilowane w polszczyźnie. Ich adaptacja przebiega jednak różnymi drogami, zapośredniczana współcześnie przez dwa główne systemy latynizacji języka koreańskiego, a mianowicie transkrypcję McCune’a-Reischauera oraz oficjalnie propagowaną przez władze tego kraju zmodyfikowaną transkrypcję MOE. Prowadzi to do swoistej rywalizacji obu systemów, w dodatku często stosowanych w sytuacji nie tylko nieznajomości samego języka źródłowego, ale również ignorowania konwencjonalnych reguł zapisu łacińskiego koreańskich nazw geograficznych; odmiennych w obu transkrypcjach. Toponimy muszą być w dodatku asymilowane w oparciu o rozmaite kompromisy między systemem fonologicznym języka wyjściowego a systemem języka przyjmującego. Takim pomocnym kompromisem może być dodatkowo wykorzystywany zapis spolonizowany w zasobie symboli literowych, jednak wymaga to dokonania istotnych korekt i uzupełnień, a także nieuniknionych ustępstw na rzecz ułatwienia odczytu polskim odbiorcom tekstów na temat Korei. Z perspektywy historycznej standaryzacji niektórych charakterystycznych toponimów koreańskich w polskich publikacjach rozmaite narzędzia transkrypcyjne, drogi ich asymilacji i adaptacji oraz oczywiste bariery poznawcze mogą stać się zdecydowanie wyraźniej widoczne i pouczające zarówno dla autorów tekstów, jak i dla ich odbiorców.

U ovom se toponomastičkom ogledu utvrđuje pobuda imenovanja dijela toponimskog fonda katastarske općine Mošćenička Draga na području istoimene administrativne jedinice na istočnoj istarskoj obali. U primarnom su fokusu toponimi koji se nalaze u granicama Parka prirode Učka. Među prikupljenim toponimima najčešći su oni motivirani reljefom. U radu je izdvojeno sedam toponima mitološke motivacije. Usto se nudi novo tumačenje oronima Učka.

Pemberian nama tempat dapat merepresentasikan pikiran, pengetahuan, dan keyakinan masyarakat yang hidup di dalamnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengungkap nilai-nilai kearifan lokal yang terkandung dalam toponim di Kabupaten Maros dan relevansi hasil penelitian toponim dibidang pendidikan. Data berupa informasi toponim dikumpulkan dengan teknik pustaka, sedangkan teknik wawancara digunakan untuk mengungkap latar belakang pembentukan toponim berdasarkan aspek perwujudan, kemasyarakatan, dan kebudayaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 140 toponim menggambarkan aspek perwujudan, 18 aspek kemasyarakatan, dan aspek kebudayaan 28 toponim. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa proses pemberian nama wilayah di Kabupaten Maros sangatlah mempertimbangkan nilai-nilai kearfian lokal berupa manifestasi dari fenomena dan latar lingkungan alam secara fisikal, latar interaksi sosial dan tempat interaksinya, serta warisan kebudayaan berbentuk tradisi lisan masyarakat. Penelitian ini dapat memberikan kontribusi terhadap terapan pembelajaran melalui integrasi bahan ajar, serta sangat potensial bagi rintisan sekolah berbasis kearifan lokal

Cina Benteng in Tangerang called as Cina Benteng, the native of Tangerang. The name Benteng is closely related to the early history of Chinese migration. Cina Benteng in Tangerang, namely living in forts and growing crops as farmers or fishermen. Brown skin, slanted eyes, and keep an ash table, is a glimpse of the portrait of Cina Benteng. Regarding to that phenomena mentioned above, in this study the author examines the meaning of toponyms in Tangerang to be associated with the existence Cina Benteng. This study uses a comparative historical linguistic approach that uses names as linguistic units to examine meaning, and its relation to historical context. The theory used in this study is etymological theory, semiotic’s theory meaning by Barthes and, and Nystorm (2016). Toponyms or place names are one of the branches of onomastics (Rais et al, 2008). Onomastics examines self names and place names. The name is present not only to fulfill the function of identification, but the presence of the name also reveals the existing socio-cultural aspects. A name is constructed, interpreted, used continuously or even later replaced and abandoned. The study of place names or toponyms is a form of comparative historical linguistic study that utilizes branches of linguistic studies such as semantics and sociolinguistics as well as other fields outside of intersecting linguistics (Lauder, 2015). The data for this paper were collected from written documentation or maps. In addition, the author also uses ethnographic methods to be able to see the relationship of a place name with the surrounding community. The result of the study shows the meaning of toponym in Tangerang are strongly related to the existence of Cina Benteng from the old times until modern times. Abstrak Etnis Tionghoa di Tangerang yang disebut sebagai Cina Benteng, yaitu pribuminya Tangerang. Sebutan Benteng terkait erat dengan sejarah awal migrasi Cina Benteng di Tangerang yaitu mendiami benteng-benteng dan bercocok tanam sebagai petani atau nelayan. Berkulit coklat, bermata sipit, dan memelihara meja abu, merupakan sekilas potret Cina Benteng. Sehubungan dengan fenomena tersebut di atas, pada penelitian ini penulis bertujuan menelaah makna toponim di Tangerang untuk dikaitkan dengan keberadaan atau eksistensi dari etnis Cina Benteng. Penelitian ini menggunakan ancangan linguistik historis komparatif yang memanfaatkan nama sebagai satuan linguistik yang akan ditelisik makna, dan kaitannya dengan aspek historis. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori makna etimologi, teori makna semiotik Barthes dan, dan Nystorm (2016). Toponim atau nama tempat adalah salah satu cabang kajian dari onomastika (Rais et al, 2008). Onomastika mengkaji nama diri dan nama tempat. Nama hadir tidak semata untuk memenuhi fungsi identifikasi akan tetapi kehadiran nama juga mengungkap aspek sosial budaya yang ada. Sebuah nama dikonstruksikan, dimaknai, digunakan secara terus menerus atau bahkan kemudian diganti dan ditinggalkan. Kajian nama tempat atau toponim merupakan bentuk kajian linguistik historis komparatif yang memanfaatkan cabang kajian linguistik seperti semantik dan sosiolinguistik serta bidang lain diluar linguistik yang bersinggungan (Lauder, 2015). Data untuk tulisan ini dikumpulkan dari dokumentasi tertulis atau peta. Selain itu penulis juga memanfaatkan metode etnografi untuk dapat melihat kaitan sebuah nama tempat dengan masyarakat sekitar. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan makna toponim di Tangerang, terkait erat dengan keberadaan Cina Benteng baik di masa lampau hingga dewasa ini.

Copyright of Strategic Universe Journal / Univers Strategic is the property of Dimitrie Cantemir Christian University, Institute for Security Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Toponyms that are much more than a simple nomenclature are historical records for societies. Toponyms also continued this function for Caucasus region, which is the subject of our investigation. In Caucasus, Circassian and Abaza families who are landowners from upper classes gave their family names to the villages. In terms of Caucasus, toponyms which are societal signs that always have to be perused together with the concept of identity, both Circassians and Abazas who has been living away from their motherland for around 160 years, Caucasus, have given their family names to the villages in Uzunyayla. At this point, toponyms serve as realms of memory which procure to establish bonds with Caucasus. Family stories and topomys that lie from Caucasus to Uzunyayla are directly connected with landowning. This situation directly affects social life of Circassian and Abaza societies. Turkish names of the villages, on the other hand, are related with botany, zoology and physical geography. In this study, through the enquiries in our field surveys in Circassian, Abaza Chechen and Karachay villages in Pınarbaşı of Kayseri, we aim to analyse the role of the toponym as an identifier of identity within the context of Pierre Nora's theory realms of memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sejarah toponim pada suatu wilayah sangat penting untuk diketahui dan dipelajari oleh siswa-siswi sebagai pembalajaran sejarah kelokalan. Untuk saat ini sejarah toponim wilayah kota Lahat belum banyak diketahui nilai-nilai sejarah yang terkandung pada tempat tersebut terutama bagi masyarakat luas, padahal kota Lahat merupakan wilayah yeng menyimpan nilai-nilai sejarah dalam perjalanannya hingga seperti sekarang ini. Pada sisi lain nilai sejarah toponim ini juga dapat dijadikan sumber pembalajaran sejarah yang menarik. Adapun tujuan pada penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganlsis nilai-nilai sejarah toponim wilayah kota Lahat. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah (historis), mulai dari heuristic atau pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi, studi Pustaka. Langkah kedua adalah ferivikasi data, Teknik analisis datanya menggunakan interpretasi sejarah atau penafsiran sejara. Langkah terakhir adalah historiografi atau penulisan sejarah. Hasil penelitian adalah terdapat toponim wilayah yang mengandung nilai-nilai sejarah penting bagi kota Lahat seperti toponim Jl.Balai Yasa Kreta Api, Pasar Belande, Terowongan Gajah dan lain sebagainya. Pada toponim wilayah tersebut mengandung nilai-nilai sejarah seperti nilai perkembangan ekonomi kota lahat, nilai kemajuan tekhnologi dan nilai lainnya. Nilai-nilai sejarah toponim kabupaten kota Lahat dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber pembelajaran sejarah.

V prispevku se prebivalsko ime dvojezičnega slovensko‑italijanskega kraja Bertoki/Bertocchi, tj. Bertošan(i) s š in ne č, razlaga s slovensko narečno varianto krajevnega imena Brtohi ‘Bertoki’, v kateri je h iz k nastal v slovenskem istrskem narečnem razvoju v antroponimu Bertok italijanskega izvora iz Bertocco

This work discusses Slovenian geographical names: endonyms in Slovenia and in border areas inhabited by Slovenians in neighboring countries, and Slovenian exonyms used in Slovenian to describe geographical features outside the Slovenian settlement area. First, it gives a historical overview of dealing with geographical names in Slovenia and especially emphasizes their scholarly and cartographic significance. Then it presents macrotoponyms and microtoponyms, especially geographical names in Slovenian normative guides, names of countries, and foreign exonyms for Slovenian endonyms. All of this is connected with the United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN) and the Slovenian Government Commission for the Standardization of Geographical Names. The former body handles geographical names globally and the latter nationally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the most important issues that accompany the linguistic characteristics of place-names in Simon Budny’s translation of the New Testament. The language form of a given name in a particular translation depends on two kinds of factors: extralinguistic (language source of the translation, translation strategy, attitude to the translation tradition) and intralinguistic (translocation of the name in its original form, language adaptation, translation). Many of these names have a different linguistic form than in other translations of the 16th century. It demonstrates the individual approach of the translator to the language material.

Articolul este o analiză a hidronimelor din comuna Ocna Șugatag, județul Maramureș, fiind parte a unei cercetări mai ample asupra toponimiei maramureșene. Amplasat într-o zonă deluroasă, la poalele munților Gutîi, pe cursul rîului Mara, hotarul celor patru localități componente ale comunei, Breb, Hoteni, Sat-Șugatag și Ocna Șugatag, se caracterizează printr-o vastă rețea hidronimică, văi și izvoare, afluenți ai Marei, dar și fîntîni, lacuri și mlaștini. Corpusul lucrării a fost extras din materialul toponimic cules prin anchete de teren, nepublicat pînă în prezent. Numele topice sînt tratate individual, pentru fiecare hidronim precizîndu-se răspunsurile informatorilor, formele diferite, dacă este cazul, precum și date suplimentare, cunoscute de noi, Ocna Șugatag fiind localitatea noastră natală. Scopul acestui demers este stabilirea etimologiei hidronimelor din arealul cercetat. Pentru o privire de ansamblu asupra hidronimiei și a antroponimiei care stă la baza ei, indicăm și ariile de răspîndire ale unor nume topice, limitîndu-ne însă la Transilvania, precum și frecvența numelor de familie pe județ. În urma analizei etimologice a toponimelor care denumesc ape, acestea sînt clasificate din punct de vedere structural, pentru a ilustra modelele sintactico-morfologice identificate. Concluzia noastră susține faptul că hidronimele din comuna Ocna Șugatag, județul Maramureș, reflectă relațiile de proprietate, precum și caracteristicile geomorfologice și geologice ale locului.

Traducerea unor toponime încă neintrate în limba română la începutul secolului al XIX-lea a constituit o adevărată provocare pentru traducătorii din epocă. Un prim aspect îl constituie statutul special al acestora ca nume proprii și opțiunile de traducere posibile, care nu puteau fi corelate cu o tradiție. Un al doilea aspect este stadiul încă precar al terminologiei geografice, reflectat în variația terminologică pentru același concept și în lipsa de afinitate semantică, fie reală, fie numai în raport cu terminologia actuală. Obiectivul principal în această scurtă analiză îl constituie primul aspect menționat. Pentru a discuta aceste aspecte, a fost necesară o succintă precizare a conceptului de traducere la nivelul numelui propriu și a distincției între nume proprii netraductibile și nume proprii traductibile sau parțial traductibile. În cazul celor din urmă am identificat factorii favorizanți pentru opțiunea de a traduce sau pentru opțiunea de a nu traduce ceea ce este traductibil. Corpusul de referință reflectă un stadiu incipient al traducerii toponimelor traductibile sau parțial traductibile în limba română, stadiu în care traducătorul este liber să interpreteze traductibilitatea. În raport cu variantele care s-au impus în norma actuală, alegerile diferite de la un traducător la altul sau chiar la același traducător, în special opțiunea de a nu traduce toponime care astăzi se traduc în toate limbile de circulație, constituie un argument al lipsei importanței semnificației lingvistice a numelui propriu (propriu-zis, semnificația lexicală a etimonului) în funcționarea sa și, implicit, rolul acestei nonfuncționalități în identificarea statutului lingvistic al numelui propriu. Oscilarea între traducerea și adaptarea formală a unui toponim traductibil în cazul anumitor tipuri de toponime și particularitățile lingvistice proprii respectivei epoci reprezintă o fațetă a istoriei limbii române la nivel onomastic.

Articolul încearcă să evidențieze unele aspecte referitoare la cartografierea toponimelor și antroponimelor, atît în spațiul românesc, cît și la un nivel mai larg (european, mondial). În cazul toponimelor, este evidențiată răspîndirea oiconimelor cu sufixele –ești, –eni/–ani, –ari, –ovți/–evți, –inți în spațiul românesc. Acest spațiu include teritoriul actual al României și Republicii Moldova și acele regiuni din Ucraina, Bulgaria și Ungaria ce au aparținut, temporar, statului român. Sufixele românești –ești, –eni/–ani, –ari apar cel mai frecvent, cea mai mare prezență înregistrînd-o primul sufix. Pentru cartografierea antroponimelor, ne-am oprit, deocamdată, la cartografierea răspîndirii numelor care au sufixul –escu, la nivel mondial, pe state. Se constată că acest sufix apare cel mai frecvent în România și/sau Republica Moldova.

The aim of the paper is to discuss the linguistic and onymic properties of the geographical names of the Hutsul region (Ð"уÑ?ульÑ?Ð,на, Ukraine) used by Stanisław Vincenz in the first volume ("Prawda starowieku") of his tetralogy "Na wysokiej połoninie" ("On the High Uplands"). The volume was first published in 1936. The second edition appeared in 1980 in Poland and was the one which had the greatest impact on the reception of the Vincenz's work in the Polish readership after WW2. This is why the 1980 edition has been used as the source of analysed toponymic material. The main finding is that the analysed toponymy is of heterogeneous and (to a certain extent) hybrid nature, combining Polish, Ukrainian, and dialectal Hucul linguistic properties, which perfectly coincides with general tendency in the use of geographical names of the Hucul region in texts produced in the Polish language from the mid-19th century. The names used by Vincenz in the book written in the period 1930-1936 seem to faithfully reflect some specific characteristics of Hutsul toponymy in the 1930s (as discussed by the linguist Stefan Hrabec in his dissertation). Finally, some instances of toponyms' declension present in "Prawda starowieku" are discussed together with some examples of (partially folk) etymologies codified by Vincenz in his work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ivan Klobučarić was one of the most important Croatian cartographers at the turn of the 17th century. In 1579 he produced a panorama of Rijeka which is kept in the War Archives (Kriegsarchitf in Vienna. The Styrian Provincial Archives (Steiermarkische Landesarchiv) in Graz houses a map of the Bay of Rijeka with a panorama of the city dated 1586, attributed to Klobučarić. His cartographic legacy created between 1601 and 1605 can be found in the Clobucciarich - Skizzen collection. It comprises 108 sheets. Most are double-sided. Some pages show two or more items, so that the entire collection includes around 500 cartographic depictions. In terms of western Croatia, there are about twenty. This paper provides a list of the contents of Klobučarić's cartographic depictions relating to the area of Croatia. A sketch of the Kvarner Littoral from Rijeka to Sveti Juraj with the mainland hinterland is described, with a map of parts of Croatia from Rijeka to Omiš with the mainland hinterland. An analysis was conducted of the contents of the parts of the sketch and map showing the Kvarner Littoral, comparing the representation of settlements showed and those omitted, with toponyms on the map and those shown on earlier maps of the Kvarner Littoral. The paper indicates errors in previous works about Klobučarić's life, work and cartographic activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Diacronia is the property of Revista Diacronia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Diacronia is the property of Revista Diacronia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Diacronia is the property of Revista Diacronia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The topic of this paper are masking names referring to anthroponyms, social ideonyms, and also toponyms excerpted from Joachim Lelewel's emigrational correspondence. The use of the masking names being analysed is principally motivated by political and social circumstances. Sometimes, the use of certain types of terms (mainly initials and syllabonyms) may be determined by the economy of language. The language material of the concealed propria are proper and common nouns. Name‐making mechanisms include relations between a name and a name, and also a name and a designate. The secret names encountered most frequently are cryptonyms, including acronyms. Among the masked proper nouns, pseudonyms (this function is fulfilled by names, surnames, nicknames, ethnonyms, toponyms and appelatives) are clearly dominant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annals of the University Dunarea de Jos of Galati: Fascicle XXIV, Lexic Comun / Lexic Specializat is the property of Dunarea de Jos University of Galati and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Claim choronyms in translation. Between a theory of translation and the onomastics of culture Toponyms may be used as manifestations of present or past power or claims. This is often connected with different points of view of national historiographies. A translator may have to mediate between such different perspectives. The proposed model of onymic semantics is based on the Ogden & Richards semiotic triangle. A claim choronym is a choronym established by an official decision or by language usus in order to manifest an existing or a past rule over a given territory or in order to manifest a claim to it. The three types of c. ch. are: formal (a new name is made for an existing concept of a territory), conceptual (an existing name is used to designate a new or modified concept of a territory), and formal‑conceptual (a new name is given to a new concept of a territory). In translation the most similar reaction of a recipient to the choronym is to be achieved (according to the theory of translation by Olgierd Wojtasiewicz).

U stotinjak hrvatskih govora istražuju se i promatraju frazemi s toponimom kao sastavnicom. Pronalaze se najšire potvrđeni frazemi, oni manje potvrđeni i frazemi lokalizmi. Promatraju se inovacije u pojedinim sustavima koji zahvaćaju toponim. 0. Sa studentima Kroatistike istraživala sam frazeme u više od stotinu hrvatskih govora. Najviše je ispitanika bilo s kajkavskoga, nešto manje sa štokavskoga, a najmanje s čakavskoga područja, što odgovara strukturi studentske populacije Filozofskoga fakulteta u Zagrebu. Studenti druge godine na samom početku bavljenja dijalektologijom ispunjavali su ankete, popunjavali ih sami, kao izvorni govornici, ili kao ispitivači bliskih osoba u svom kraju. Neki su i poslije nastavili prikupljati frazeme u svom govoru, a njihova su istraživanja rezultirala seminarskim i diplomskim radovima. Iz tog velikog materijala hrvatskih dijalektih frazema izdvojila sam za ovu priliku frazeme s toponimom kao sastavnicom. Primjeri su iz svih proučavanih govora, dakle čakavskih, kajkavskih i štokavskih.

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In this essay, the etymology of the words *ağırış//*ağrıs//ağras (to hurt or ache together) are mentioned diachronically and simultaneously. Moreover, the ethnical, religious, national, psychological and sociocultural use tendencies of proper names are dwelt on. It is shown that combining a:q//ak//ağ as the stem, and oR and oI as the affix morphemes in a fusion way, the words ağır//ağrı- are derived. When the voice-morpheme =ş is brought into this lexical-morphologic combination, the verb *ağırış- is obtained; by changing the phonetical locations of ı>a and ş>s, lexical proper name variamts of the word ağrıs//ağras are procured: Ağ//ak- ağır//ağrı//*ağırış//*ağrıs//ağras. The words ağrıs and ağras are still used in Turkey Turkish as both toponym and atoponym. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By surface area Jabuka is one of the smallest islands in the Adriatic Sea. It was noted for the first time in nautical charts at the beginning of the 14th century, and due to its recognizable shape mapped by almost all portolan and nautical chart makers. Its initial Venetian name was Mellisella, followed by Pomo. There are 34 different descriptions of Jabuka Island written by travelers during their voyages across the Adriatic Sea from 14th to 17th century analysed included in this paper. The most common of all the features attributed to the island were that it was high, peaked, and rocky. There were, however, more imaginative ones, like comparisons with Egyptian pyramids. The travelers also described the hunt for falcons that nested there, the accounts which they obtained from ship crew members. This paper also analyses the oldest known illustration of Jabuka Island made in 1684 by Dutchman de Bruijn, published in 1698. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The dynamism of sociogeographic and historical processes and trends represents a key factor in the creation and uniformity of regions, and in their image and perception in the eyes of the public and scholars. As a basic geographic concept, a region is the result of all preceding and actual spatial relations arising from natural conditions, and those arising from political, administrative and economic changes. Non-formal regions such as Dalmatinska zagora, which exists solely in the consciousness of its inhabitants, owe their traditional presence in spatial perceptions and identities to a combination of all these factors. The uniformity and identity of such a region are articulated through explicit and implicit symbols, definitions and terms, and the most important among these is a geographic name or toponym. As an indicator of basic spatial relations at the time of its making, a map can be used as a source of information on spatial identities, their extent and distribution. In that sense, the presence and positioning of a toponym are the keys to discovering facts about the territoriality and contemporary perceptions of a region that it denotes. The aim of this paper is to monitor changes in the dynamics of perception of Zagora, a region in the Dalmatian hinterland, by detecting the positioning of the toponym Zagora and its variants on several maps created at different periods in history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]