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Dick (1990) established the foundations of toponymy in Brazil and she showed that they can have three main structures: simple, compound or hybrid, being the last one formed with elements from different languages. Souza-Junior (2012) was the first to investigate toponyms in Libras and, based on Dick (1990), the author also identified toponyms of the same types as Dick. The goal of this research is to collect Libras signs that name the municipalities in Zona de Mata in the state of Minas Gerais and analyze them morphologically based on Rodero-Takahira (2015), Rodero-Takahira & Scher (2020) and Xavier & Ferreira (2021). For this work, we selected 122 Libras signs that name the municipalities in the Zona de Mata of Minas Gerais from a collection of toponyms, called Librassário and created through the collaboration of deaf people from Minas Gerais. Our results show a higher incidence of hybrid signs (57%) and, among these, compound signs (79%). Within the latter group, simultaneous compounds are most common (42%), followed by the hybrid ones, that is, simultaneous and sequential, (38%) and those, by sequential compounds (20%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El análisis de los aspectos geográficos contenidos en las «Visitas» –uno de los mecanismos de control administrativo más utilizados por la corona española en los territorios americanos, y en donde aparecen el nombre de pueblos y demarcaciones políticas– proporciona una nueva perspectiva de la organización territorial indígena. Por ello, en este trabajo se van a emplear los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) para intentar acercarnos a las lógicas territoriales de esa época a través de la cartografía, ya que las poblaciones y las toponimias que aún perduran son una huella importante de la organización del espacio en aquellos tiempos. Además, se realizará un análisis textual de los documentos originales de esas visitas, buscando distinguir los elementos basados en fuentes indígenas, como es el caso de la forma de ordenar y agrupar los pueblos, relacionándolos con la territorialidad indígena y con el instrumento en que se registraba ese tipo de información, los denominados «Quipus».

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Copyright of Water & Landscape (WAL) / Agua & Territorio (AYT) is the property of Editorial de la Universidad de Jaen and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Histórica (02528894) is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Española de Documentación Científica is the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Place names have accompanied human activity since time immemorial. The naming of human beings and places allows their individualisation and consequent univocal identification, constituting a fundamental plan of the development process of today's society, the study and knowledge of cities. The exponential growth of urban centres makes it essential to reflect on their past and present evolution, as well as to understand in depth the dynamic elements that may ensure their future continuity. Based on the concept of linguistic fossils, this study aimed to evaluate the evolution of some toponyms belonging to a territorial section of the city centre of Rio de Janeiro, the changes in the naming of geonymy along the time line. The methodology involved: 1) research in historical documents of geographic names of streets; 2) definition of the time frame; 3) sample survey of addresses; 4) cartographic survey of the old addresses and 5) survey of relevant legislation. The results showed that the streets went through important changes or permanence of geographical names, and the choices are representative of the mentality of the occupants, demonstrating the real possibility of the use of geographical names as true linguistic fossils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Toponymy is a discipline that studies the proper names of places. In Geography, toponyms are important because they provide information about a specific space. At present, georeferenced territorial information in digital format is of growing relevance. Therefore, the present work aims to apply geotechnologies to the treatment of toponyms at scale 1:25.000 for the sector of Ingeniero White, covered by the 3963-17-1 Bahía Blanca chart, prepared by the Instituto Geográfico Nacional (I.G.N.) (National Geographic Institute). For this purpose, a quali-quantitative methodological approach was applied, which included the gathering, selection and analysis of information, the creation of an alphanumeric database and the use of geotechnologies for the spatial treatment of toponyms and their information by means of a Geographic Information System (G.I.S.). The result was the creation of a dynamic consultation system through the use of pop-up windows that allow interaction with the geolocalized toponyms. It can be concluded that the creation of a database of toponyms and its visualization through a G.I.S. allows for the presentation of information and its consultation in a dynamic way to analyze information about changes in the names of places, in this case of Ingeniero White. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O léxico reflete características de uma comunidade, pois dá acesso à estrutura sociocultural de um povo. Deste modo, o presente trabalho teve como locus de pesquisa a área rural que fica no norte do município de Jataí (GO), onde se celebra a Festa de Nossa Senhora da Abadia, e como objeto de estudo os topônimos registrados no percurso dessa festa. Destarte, com vistas à obtenção dos dados léxicos representativos da Festa referida, foram realizadas entrevistas com pessoas do local que participam da execução da festa. As narrativas revelam memórias referentes aos rituais desta manifestação cultural rural local, assim como a atividade de nomeação dos lugares percorridos pela folia. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é a análise dos topônimos identificados no itinerário da Festa. Os resultados deste trabalho apontam para uma tendência de motivação de natureza física para a nomeação dos lugares identificados.

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Este artigo apresenta uma análise cultural do falar de uma das cidades do sul do estado de Minas Gerais, Campo do Meio. Informações sobre topônimos, tradições orais e expressões idiomáticas foram coletadas entre os falantes do munícipio a fim de demonstrar as peculiaridades linguísticas desse povo interiorano. Para isto, foi utilizado como referencial teórico a Semântica de Contextos e Cenários (SCC), concepção de semântica que toma como base a ideia de que uma língua natural é um sistema socializado e culturalmente determinado de representação de mundos e seus eventos. A pesquisa, realizada em etapas, culminou nos seguintes procedimentos: coleta de material bibliográfico, seleção de materiais, entrevistas e transcrição de dados. Buscamos demonstrar um trabalho sobre estudos linguísticos de caráter cultural e resgatar um pouco da cultura de um povo, perdida dia após dia.

A lo largo de la historia, varias lenguas han contribuido en el desarrollo del castellano. Los musulmanes se quedaron en España más de ocho siglos; por lo tanto han dejado muchas huellas en casi todas las facetas de la vida, sobre todo a nivel léxico. Al respecto, la lengua española se caracteriza por el uso de nombres propios y nombres de lugares de origen árabe, como consecuencia de la influencia que dejó dicha lengua en la historia del castellano. Uno de los campos de mayor arraigo del arabismo es la onomástica; por eso, nos acercamos a la fraseología española que contiene onomástica de origen árabe. Haremos hincapié en que la fraseología onomástica representa una fuente importante de la historia de los pueblos, sobre todo la historia de España, marcada por el léxico árabe. Este trabajo tiene como fin mostrar la influencia de la onomástica arábiga, sobre todo topónimos y antropónimos, en la fraseología española a partir de que su estudio refleja muchos aspectos de la historia social. Por eso, se muestra la importancia que posee la onomástica en el estudio de los fraseologismos en el español actual. Igualmente, el estudio de la onomástica reflexiona el imaginario popular que se queda perpetuado en el legado léxico, histórico y cultural español.

Los nombres propios de lugares, los topónimos, son elementos únicos del léxico de una lengua, los cuales, de entre sus diversas funciones como signo toponímico, sirven como huellas de la historia de los pueblos que los utilizan en sus interacciones verbales. Además, son verdaderos testimonios de los diferentes aspectos de la memoria y la identidad. Desde esta perspectiva, este trabajo tiene como principal objetivo comprobar cómo los topónimos de las aglomeraciones urbanas de Balsas, Maranhão, se manifiestan como representaciones de identidad, memoria e historia de sus habitantes. La metodología sigue los supuestos de la onomástica, en particular de la toponimia, con un análisis descriptivo de las categorías identidad y memoria, entrelazadas con la historia, las cuales se aplican a topónimos de índole antropocultural con base antroponímica, axiononímica, coronímica e historionímica. Los resultados revelan que los topónimos del sur de Maranhão expresan acepciones que abarcan la visión del mundo y la naturaleza y la visión de la vida humana y representan elementos memorísticos e identitarios de los diversos pueblos que habitan en esta localidad al establecer una relación con esas transposiciones y asignaciones lingüísticas.

Os nomes próprios de lugares, os topônimos, são elementos singulares do léxico da língua que, dentre suas várias funções como signo toponímico, prestam-se como indícios da história dos povos que os utilizam em suas interações verbais. Para além disso, são verdadeiros testemunhos dos diversos aspectos da memória e da identidade. Com esta perspectiva, este trabalho tem como objetivo principal verificar como os topônimos dos aglomerados urbanos da cidade de Balsas - MA manifestam as representações identitárias, de memória e de história de seus habitadores. A metodologia segue os pressupostos da onomástica, notadamente da toponímia, com uma análise descritiva das categorias identidade e memória entrelaçadas com a história, as quais são aplicadas aos topônimos de natureza antropocultural de base antroponímica, axionímica, coronímica e historionímica. Os resultados revelam que esses topônimos do sul do Maranhão expressam as acepções que abarcam a visão do mundo e da vida física e a visão da vida humana, os quais representam caracteres memorísticos e identitários dos vários povos que habitam este município, estabelecendo uma proximidade com essas transposições e instituições da língua.

A close relationship has frequently been noted between the Caverio planisphere, generally dated c. 1506, and the Cantino planisphere, datable to October 1502. A careful examination of the placenames on the coast of Africa on the Caverio and Cantino planispheres and other early Portuguese and Portuguese-derived charts reveals the Caverio planisphere was probably not derived from the Cantino planisphere. The charts and planispheres are believed to be copied or derived from the Padrão Real, the Portuguese Royal Standard Map representing all the geographical knowledge at the time. The most likely explanation is that the Caverio planisphere is copied from the Padrão Real of c. 1505–06, while the Cantino planisphere reflects the cartography of the previous version of the Padrão Real of 1502. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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En 1973 se inauguró la colección Instrumenta Bibliographica, publicada por el Instituto de Investigaciones Bibliográficas de la UNAM: el primer volumen fue el exitoso Manual de metodología y técnica bibliográficas de la profesora Gloria Escamilla González, que tuvo un par de ediciones aumentadas y reimpresiones; en segundo lugar apareció el Índice de nombres latinos de ciudades con imprenta 1448-1825, preparado por uno de los bibliógrafos más reconocidos en México durante el siglo XX, José Ignacio Mantecón Navasal. Este artículo subraya la relevancia, originalidad, vigencia y utilidad de esta obra pionera, poniéndola en contexto con la producción intelectual de Mantecón en México desde la década de 1940 y reflexionando sobre su beneficio y acerca de una posible modernización, corrección y edición digital de la misma.

A percepção da América Latina na Itália também pode ser medida por meio da qualidade e da quantidade de nomes geográficos (corônimos, poleônimos, microtopônimos, nesônimos, orônimos etc.) e de antropônimos, crematônimos e itens deonímicos presentes no léxico e em sintagmas lexicalizados. O estudo analisa quais nomes de nações, cidades, entidades geográficas, sobrenomes, nomes pessoais, apelidos, nomes comerciais e itens lexicalizados estão presentes nas regiões e cidades italianas, indicando, sempre que possível, as razões para as escolhas. Essas escolhas estão ligadas à grande migração de italianos entre o final do século XIX e meados do século XX para a América do Sul, ao interesse pelos acontecimentos históricos – em particular as lutas pela independência – dos países latino-americanos, à curiosidade diante dos típicos vegetais, animais, tecidos etc., a alguns estereótipos culturais e de consumo, como o café para o Brasil, a carne e o tango para a Argentina e as riquezas lendárias para o Peru.

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The rich fabric of place names knitting together the Americas weaves into a complex intercultural network of naming practices that span thousands of years as well as the globe. Indigenous, European, and settler communities each bestowed names upon places near and far whose meanings describe the place, its resources, or one's experiences there. Names define the people who occupy a place. They commemorate an event or person in ways that evidence the gendered and racialized nature of place naming in the Americas, especially after 1492, through a predominately masculine lens. This study considers how women and people of color are represented in place names and the impacts of masculinist approaches to place nomenclature while contrasting Indigenous approaches to toponymy and the European reception of Indigenous place names in the Americas, with a focus on North America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumo: O objeto de estudo da Toponímia são os topônimos, analisados sob diferentes perspectivas, como a sua origem, sua significação, sua transformação, sua classificação taxionômica. Neste artigo será apresentada a proposta de três modelos de microestrutura para verbetes toponímicos a partir dos pressupostos teóricos da Toponímia e da Terminologia: um para verbetes cujas entradas designam conceitos relativos a elementos hidrográficos e a conceitos-chave do conjunto toponímico, outro para a constituição dos verbetes que têm como entradas os sintagmas toponímicos e um terceiro remissivo. O corpus que serviu como base para formulação dos modelos foi o repertório das unidades léxicas que designam o nome dos elementos geográficos referentes à água, arroio, baía, cabeceira, cabo, cachoeira, canal, catarata, corixão, corixo, córrego, foz, lago, lagoa, nascente, represa, riacho, ribeira, ribeirão, rio, riozinho, salto, sanga, vazante e volta. Esses hidrônimos foram obtidos no banco de dados do projeto Atlas Toponímico do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul – ATEMS. As microestruturas propostas poderão ser opção para subsidiar a elaboração de dicionários toponímicos que, além de registrarem os nomes próprios com sua respectiva localização e causas que motivam a nomeação, também contribuem para o resgate e o registro social, histórico e cultural de uma região. Palavras-chave: Toponímia; Terminografia; topônimos; microestrutura. Abtract: The object of study of Toponymy are toponyms, seen from different perspectives such as their origin, meaning, changes, and categorization. This paper will present the proposal of three microstructure models for toponymic entries based on the theoretical assumptions of Toponymy and Terminography: one for entries whose input word designate concepts related to hydrographic elements and key concepts of the toponymic set, another for the constitution of entries that have as input word the toponymic phrases and a third remissive. The corpus that served as basis for the formulation of the models was the repertoire of lexical units that designate the name of the geographic elements referring to water, brook, bay, headland, cable, waterfall, channel, cataract, corixão, corixo, stream, estuary, lake, lagoon, spring, dam, creek, stream, creek, river, sanga, ebb and curve. These hydronyms were obtained from the Atlas Toponímico do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul – ATEMS. The proposed microstructures may be an option to subsidize the development of toponymic dictionaries that, in addition to registering proper names with their respective location and causes that motivate their nomination, also contribute to the rescue and social, historical and cultural registration of a region. Keywords: Toponymy; Terminography; toponyms; microstructure.

The Book of Taliesin (now at the National Library of Wales, Aberystwyth) is a fourteenth-century manuscript of Welsh poetry, with some of its material going back to the late sixth century. But it includes poems of later date. Amongst them are three political prophecies: 'Taliesin's Verdant Song'; 'The Contention of Gwynedd and Deheubarth'; 'A Short Poem About Lludd's Discussion'. The first two are of the tenth century, the last of the eleventh. What follows deals with place-names in each. The first can be shown to allude to the English victory over Vikings and Scots at Brunanburh, near Durham, in 937. It is therefore somewhat later, of the period 940 to 987, and not of before 937, as has been thought. The second, dated to 942 x 960, is a polemic by a poet of Gwynedd or north-west Wales against the men of Deheubarth or southern Wales. Its author makes mocking reference to places which can be identified as in North Britain or on the Welsh border: even if Gwynedd's enemies flee there, they will not escape vengeance. Of most interest to Spanish readers is the third text. Its obscure references to enemies will be to Arab and Berber invaders of Andalusia in 1086, after which Alphonso VI appealed for international help. The poem can hence be dated to 1087 or 1088, and will be the earliest reference to Spain in Welsh poetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This contribution shows the results obtained from the study of the texts and images of some monuments carved in the Early Puuc style from several archaeological settlements in the wester sector, in sites such as Xcalumkín, Xcochá, Xculoc and Itzimté Bolonchén, the latter belonging to the eastern sector of the area. The investigation allowed to identify that several subordinate or sajal lords, influenced by the maya of the Usumacinta represented the War Serpent and some others the God of the Maize-Cacao, in addition to several toponymic records strikingly rare in these latitudes of the Mayan area as well as hieroglyphic groups such as K'ihn Ha', "Hot Water", and K'ihn Ajaw, "Solar Lord", detected in Xcalumkín, linked to the Piedras Negras region. Also, the recognition of the supernatural place Nah Ho' Chan Bob, "The Flowery place is the First Five Heavens", in an inscription of Itzimte Bolonchen, in addition to identifying the Building of the Carved Columns of Xculoc, with a sacred space known as Wuk Chit K'an Nal, "Place of the Seven... Precious", associated with the cult of the God of Maize-Cacao and the flowery tree. The message we wish to present in this essay is that through art and writing, several dignitaries legitimized their social position by disseminating images, symbols and scriptural discourses not well known to this region. The study offers new political and religious episodes in the life and cultural history of the Puuc Maya during the first half of the 8th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En el artículo se estudia el papel que las siglas y tipos epigráficos acrónimos desempeñaron en la moneda cívica hispana desde el Segundo Triunvirato hasta el reinado de Calígula, tanto como elementos secundarios que complementan a una composición iconográfica, como en su condición de tipos principales en determinadas cecas.

Na anotação automática de entidades geográficas mencionadas, as listas especializadas de topónimos têm que enfrentar ambiguidades e contextos em que o valor geográfico de uma expressão não é evidente. Neste artigo, estuda-se o caso prático de um índice de topónimos utilizado para criar um corpus anotado da Peregrinação de Mendes Pinto. As dificuldades achadas servem para classificar os tipos de erros que se produzem quando o topónimo é resolvido pela simples coincidência de expressões e introduzem critérios para a identificação das entidades geográficas, uma tarefa que deve preceder e tem um impacto direto nos resultados obtidos no processo de anotação automática.

Verbs formed from toponyms by zero conversion are the focus of this article. The paper intends to show that converting a place name into a verb is a prominent way of explicating the place's salient properties. The data were collected from the corpora and detected on news, media sites and blogs. The study shows that verbs formed from place names demonstrate how people conceptualize places. Research shows that the linguistic salience is preceded by the conceptual salience that occurs when some striking event, fact, point of view about the place becomes strongly associated with it and regularly talked about. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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El ensayo invita a que los historiadores consideren la importancia de la lingüística histórica y dialoguen más con los estudiosos del pasado que, con otros métodos, incurren en el periodo del México antiguo. A partir de ejemplos europeos y mexicanos, se argumenta primero, la utilidad que han tenido los estudios de nombres de lugares para escudriñar el pasado de distintas sociedades. Después se analizan los topónimos indígenas de Mesoamérica, proponiéndose que pueden ser una llave para arrojar algo de luz sobre épocas remotas. A partir de más de cuatro mil topónimos en lengua indígena, de su vinculación con determinadas lenguas y, en algunos casos, del análisis de su estructura gramatical, se propone una cronología para épocas para las que no contamos con registros escritos.

This article explores how toponym databases (gazetteers) can be used to examine the ethnophysiography hypothesis, which states that people from different language groups/cultures have different ways of conceptualizing landscape. Toponyms of two classes of eminences, mountain and hill, in Malaysia and Indonesia where the dominant languages are highly cognate were extracted from the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) GEOnet Names Server (GNS) and analyzed using a heuristics-based geomorphometry approach. The result revealed that gunung and bukit, the main terms in Malay or Indonesian languages similar to mountain and hill in English, are used differently in the two countries: Bukit and gunung are used interchangeably for eminence features in Indonesia regardless of size (area extent), but the use of gunung is more strict for Malaysia to refer to larger eminence features. Furthermore, in Indonesia, the NGA GNS can readily be used to identify generic terms in local languages and dialects; we show that in some cases, size of eminence is distinguished with different generic terms and that spatial proximity might affect which term is used. The result suggests that NGA GNS is a promising set of data to explore ethnophysiography research questions, and can be a valuable exploratory tool for guiding detailed ethnophysiography work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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En este trabajo argumentamos a favor de un análisis morfológico de los nombres propios que deriva de la hipótesis general del isomorfismo entre forma y significado. Nuestra propuesta es que los nombres propios no se segmentan morfológicamente porque el hablante no tiene que descomponerlos en partes menores para construir composicionalmente su semántica. Los datos que empleamos provienen del género de los topónimos; argumentamos que el género en estas formaciones es variable porque el hablante no descompone una desinencia en estas formaciones y, en ausencia de otros principios que obliguen a reconocer el género, la marca de género se emplea para expresar nociones semánticas.

En este estudio se hace un análisis de los morfemas derivativos y flexivos que entran en la formación de nombres comunes que, al usarse como nombres propios de accidentes geográficos o poblados, se convierten en topónimos. Los morfemas derivativos son muy variados y los abundanciales constituyen mayoría, seguidos de los diminutivos y despectivos. También hay diversidad de alomorfos para cada morfema. Los morfemas flexivos corresponden a las marcas de género y número. En el caso del género, hay bastante irregularidad morfemática mientras que el número es más irregular.

Se seleccionó un corpus de 94 vocablos indígenas que dan nombre a ríos, quebradas, cerros, filas y poblados, pertenecientes a las etnias que aún conservan hablantes, con el fin de establecer la lengua a que pertenecen y determinar los significados de las raíces que constituyen las palabras. Del corpus, mediante el trabajo de campo, se lograron analizar 8l vocablos y se adjunta una lista de nombres pendientes que los informantes no lograron identificar con exactitud, para futuras investigaciones. Del estudio realizado se concluye que, al igual que en los topónimos que se han analizado en lengua española, los nombre indígenas reflejan la interacción del hombre con el medio; por tanto, los nombres seleccionados corresponden a elementos del medio tales como fauna, flora y objetos y sustancias minerales.

Fecha de recepción: 7 de octubre de 2014. Fecha de aceptación: 28 de mayo de 2015. Después de una revisión de lo que se conoce acerca de los esclavos africanos en Hispanoamérica desde el siglo xvi y las diferentes hipótesis que se han ofrecido acerca de la formación de un pidgin o incluso un protocriollo portugués-lenguas africanas, se explora el modo en que los africanos se asimilaron en la Nueva España, para resaltar la diferencia entre esta región y las demás de Hispanoamérica. Se muestra que la influencia de las lenguas africanas en el español mexicano se reduce al léxico, tanto en topónimos como en vocablos propios de la vida diaria. Se ofrecen sendas listas de africanismos con su discusión etimológica.

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