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Geometric morphometric analyses are used to examine the maxillary shape of the Kenyanthropus platyops Leakey, Spoor, Brown, Gathogo, Kiarie, Leakey & McDougall, 2001 holotype KNM-WT 40000 and the Australopithecus deyiremeda Haile-Selassie, Gilbert, Melillo, Ryan, Alene, Deino, Levin, Scott & Saylor, 2015 holotype BRT-VP-3/1, expanding on the work of Spoor et al. (2010, 2016) by using more accurate data and a larger comparative sample. The main objective is to assess whether these two specimens differ from the contemporary taxon Australopithecus afarensis Johanson, White & Coppens, 1978 and more broadly from species of Australopithecus Dart, 1925 and Paranthropus Broom, 1938, as well as from each other. Five two-dimensional landmarks recorded on virtual models obtained from computed tomography scans quantify key features of the maxilla used in the differential diagnoses of K. platyops and A. deyiremeda. Principal component analyses were performed to describe shape differences, and the magnitudes of these differences and their statistical significance were assessed using Procrustes and Mahalanobis distances, respectively. The maxillary shapes of both KNM-WT 40000 and BRT-VP-3/1 are significantly different from A. afarensis, the former more so than the latter, and they differ from A. afarensis in dissimilar ways. Where KNM-WT 40000 has a more anterosuperiorly positioned zygomatic process with a longer, more orthognathic, and transversely flat subnasal clivus than A. afarensis, the shape difference of BRT-VP-3/1 is best described as a posterior shift (retraction) of the entire dental arcade. The findings of this study quantitatively support the species status of K. platyops and A. deyiremeda, and corroborate the notion that hominin diversity extended well into the mid-Pliocene of eastern Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annales Françaises de Médecine d'Urgence is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Les pneumopathies interstitielles diffuses (PID) sont un groupe hétérogène de pathologies respiratoires souvent secondaires aux connectivites. Certains patients vont développer une PID avec stigmates d'auto-immunité sans avoir les critères suffisants pour porter le diagnostic de pathologie auto-immune. Leur prise en charge est difficile car ils sont à la frontière entre PID idiopathique et secondaire. Afin de mieux identifier ces patients, le concept de PID avec manifestations auto-immunes (IPAF : Interstitial Pneumonia with Autoimmune Features) a été proposé. Le diagnostic repose sur la présence d'une PID sans cause secondaire retrouvée et la présence d'un signe ou plus parmi au moins 2 des 3 domaines suivant : clinique, sérologique, et morphologique. Ces patients ont un âge moyen de 60 ans avec un sex-ratio de 1/1 et selon les études près de 20 % vont développer une connectivite selon les critères internationaux. Le pronostic de ces patients est meilleur que celui des patients ayant une PID idiopathique et la survie moyenne à 5 ans est de 70 %. Un âge élevé au diagnostic, un pattern de pneumopathie interstitielle commune ou une altération de la diffusion libre du monoxyde de carbone ont été identifiés comme facteurs de mauvais pronostic. En plus de la prise en charge standard des pathologies respiratoires chroniques, le traitement repose sur un traitement immunosuppresseur et/ou antifibrosant. Cette classification a pour objectif de mieux caractériser ces patients afin d'optimiser leur prise en charge diagnostique et thérapeutique. Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) are a heterogeneous group of respiratory diseases often related to connective tissue diseases. Some patients will develop an ILD with autoimmune features without reaching the recommended criteria for autoimmune diseases. Their management is difficult because they have both features for idiopathic and connective tissue disease. To better identify these patients, the concept of interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF) has been created. The diagnosis relies on ILD without identified cause and the presence of at least one defined criterion among 2 of the 3 following domains: clinic, serologic, and morphologic. The mean age at diagnosis is 60, a sex ratio of 1/1, and depending on the authors close to 20% of patients with IPAF will develop a connective tissue disease according to the international criterion. Their prognosis is better than for patients with idiopathic ILD and with an average 5-year survival of 70%. Older age at diagnosis, a pattern of usual interstitial pneumonia, and an impaired diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide have been identified as poor prognosis factors. The treatment relies on usual care for chronic respiratory diseases and is often associated with immunosuppressive and/or antifibrotic therapies. The objective of this classification is to better characterize these patients and improve their management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gériatrie et Psychologie Neuropsychiatrie du Vieillissement is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Because of close association of roots of maxillary premolars and molars with maxillary sinuses, effect of periodontal bone loss on sinuses needs to be evaluated. Objective: The current study aimed to analyze relationship between of maxillary sinus mucosal thickening and alveolar bone loss using computed tomography. Methods: All erupted second premolars, first and second molars in the maxillary arch bilaterally, were assessed for periodontal bone loss (PBL), so 12 points in each patient (mesial and distal sides of each tooth) and at same locations, mucosal thickening (MT) was assessed on maxillary sinus floor. Furthermore, probable effect of each tooth pulpoperiapical condition (PPAC) on sinus mucosal thickening was assessed. Results: The present study consisted of 110 individuals of which CT images of 220 maxillary sinuses and 639 teeth (total 1278 teeth surfaces) were studied. MT was observed in 71.83% of sinus locations showing thickening of 1-3mm in 64.38%, 3.1-6mm, in 14.71%, 6.1-10mm in 11.33%, and >10mm in 9.59% of cases. PBL was observed in 69.01% of teeth surface locations showing mild alveolar bone loss in 69.84%, moderate in 25.06%, and severe in 5.10% of cases. When statistically analyzed, sinus MT was significantly associated with PBL and PPAC but stronger effect of PBL was present. Conclusions: In our study, observed prevalence of sinus MT was 71.83% and prevalence of periodontitis was 69.01%. Sinus MT was associated significantly with PBL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gériatrie et Psychologie Neuropsychiatrie du Vieillissement is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is one of the most complex joints. Its morphology varies between individuals, and even between the left and right sides. Several studies have found a significant relation between certain occlusal features and joint morphology. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging is currently the most widely adopted modality for the examination of the TMJ. Objective: This study aimed to compare the joint space in a Lebanese cohort with different Angle classification using CBCT. Methodology: We retrospectively analyzed CBCT images performed at the Saint Joseph University of Beirut in Lebanon, over a period of 1 year, between 2021 and 2022. Four clearance values were selected, representing the minimum distance between the temporal bone and the mandibular condyle that defines the joint space: 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 1.5 mm, and 2 mm. For each value chosen, we looked for the presence or not of a visible surface. This surface corresponds to the area of the condyle with a distance from the condyle to the temporal bone less than or equal to the chosen value. Results: Twenty-nine patients aged between 12 and 60 years old were included; 12 (41%) were males and 17 (59%) females. We classified 48 CBCT images (23 on the right side and 25 on the left side) into three groups according to Angle's classification: class I (n=14), class II (n=29), and class III (n=5). For a distance of [0-1.5 mm] corresponded a surface of 0 mm2. For the interval between [1.5-2 mm] corresponded a surface of 18,8 mm2 for class I subjects, 16,6 mm2 for class II, and 30,5 mm2 for class III. The results showed no statistically significant differences between the articular spaces and the different types of occlusion. Conclusion: The three-dimensional evaluation of the condylar position by CBCT showed that there are no significant differences between the joint spaces and the different types of occlusion according to Angle's classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of computed tomography (CT) and its degree of concordance with pathological examination in the etiological diagnosis of maxillomandibulartumours. Materials and Methods: Our study was cross-sectional, retrospective and prospective. It took place over a period of five years and six months and included cases of maxillamandibulartumours confirmed by pathological examination after clinical examination and CT scan. Data were collected from medical records, entered and analysed with SPSS 21.0 software. Results: Men represented 55.7% of cases with a sex ratio of 1.25. The duration of symptoms on presentation varied from 1 month to 27 years (mean 24.37+/- 48 months). This consultation was motivated in 92.6% of cases by a mandibular swelling. Squamous cell carcinomas were the most common on pathological examination with 34.2% of cases followed by ameloblastomas in 24.2% of cases. There was good agreement between the results of the CT scan and those of the pathological examination (Cohen's Kappa=0.77). Conclusion: CT remains a reliable tool in the diagnosis of maxillomandibulartumours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Le dépistage des pathologies néoplasiques et des calcifications vasculaires est une étape clé avant une transplantation rénale. Les recommandations américaines, européennes et françaises divergent quant au bilan d'imagerie à réaliser dans ce contexte. Nous avons réalisé une étude monocentrique rétrospective incluant des patients ayant réalisé un bilan d'imagerie en vue d'une transplantation rénale entre le 1er janvier 2011 et le 31 décembre 2018. Les pathologies néoplasiques et les calcifications vasculaires découvertes sur ce bilan ont été relevées. Nous avons inclus 579 patients : 293 ont réalisé une tomodensitométrie thoracique, 579 une tomodensitométrie abdomino-pelvienne. Le bilan d'imagerie a mis en évidence 5 tumeurs thoraciques malignes, 14 tumeurs abdominales malignes et 140 calcifications significatives des axes iliaques externes. Toutes les tumeurs thoraciques malignes ont été découvertes chez des patients au tabagisme estimé supérieur ou égal à 30 paquets-année. Comme les recommandations américaines, nos résultats sont en faveur de la réalisation d'une tomodensitométrie thoracique chez les patients dont le tabagisme est supérieur ou égal à 30 paquets-année. Contrairement aux recommandations américaines et européennes, nos résultats sont en faveur de la réalisation d'une tomodensitométrie abdomino-pelvienne chez l'ensemble des patients. Le dépistage des calcifications vasculaires et des néoplasies chez les candidats à une transplantation rénale doit comprendre une tomodensitométrie abdomino-pelvienne de façon systématique et une tomodensitométrie thoracique en cas de tabagisme supérieur ou égal à 30 paquets-année. Screening for neoplasms and vascular calcifications is a key step before kidney transplantation. American, European and French recommendations diverge on the imaging assessment to be carried out in this context. We carried out a retrospective single-center study including patients who underwent imaging for kidney transplantation between the 01/01/2011 and the 12/31/2018. The neoplastic pathologies and vascular calcifications discovered on this assessment were noted. We included 579 patients: 293 performed a thoracic CT scan, 579 an abdominopelvic CT scan. The imaging work-up revealed 5 malignant thoracic tumors, 14 malignant abdominal tumors and 140 significant calcifications of the external iliac axes. All malignant chest tumors were found in patients with estimated smoking greater than or equal to 30 PY. Like the American recommendations, our results are in favor of performing a chest computed tomography in patients with smoking greater than or equal to 30 PY. Contrary to American and European recommendations, our results are in favor of performing an abdominopelvic tomodensitometry in all patients. Screening for vascular calcifications and neoplasms in kidney transplant candidates should include routine abdominopelvic CT and chest CT for smoking greater than or equal to 30 PY. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Venous aneurysms in general, and of the inferior vena cava in particular (IVC), are rarely reported in the literature because they are generally asymptomatic and detected incidentally following complications such as thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, an Inferior vena cava (IVC) aneurysm is detected by imaging examinations performed for other causes. We report a case of IVC aneurysm classified as type I according to Gradman and Steinberg discovered incidentally during a follow-up CT scan in an asymptomatic woman followed for endometrial adenocarcinoma treated 6 years ago. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subarachnoid hemorrhage or subarachnoid hemorrhage is defined as the sudden eruption of blood into the subarachnoid spaces. The purpose of this study is to determine the demographic, clinical and computed tomography profile of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage of aneurysmal origin who were not operated on at the Neurology Training and Research Unit (USFR), Center Hospitalier Universitaire Joseph Raseta Befelatanana, Antananarivo (CHUJRB). This is a descriptive retrospective study, over a period of 30 months, from January 01, 2017 to October 30, 2019 on patients hospitalized for unoperated subarachnoid hemorrhage of aneurysmal origin. We included 57 patients, mean age 46.23 years, with a female predominance (sex-ratio 0.46). Housewives were the most affected (29.8%) and in 53.2% os faces, ptaients lived in urban areas. Patients were known hypertensives in 56,25% of cases. The main clinical manifestation was sudden headaches occurring on exertion or at rest (87.50%). The intracranial aneurysm is located in the anterior communicating artery in 44.68% of cases. At the end of this study, knowledge of the characteristics of subarachnoid hemorrhages in Madagascar is an essential element to raise awareness among the general population about the prevention of this pathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: facial injuries are a public health problem, both physically and psychologically, characterized by a variety of injuries and sometimes by severe esthetic or functional sequelae. The purpose of this study was to describe the epidemiological and tomodensitometric aspects of maxillofacial fractures in Mopti. Methods: we conducted a cross-sectional and descriptive study in the Department of Radiology of the Mopti Hospital from January 2019 to December 2019. All patients who had undergone maxillofacial CT scan for a trauma with fracture confirmed by CT scan during this period were included. The variables analyzed were age, sex, etiology and the types of fractures observed on CT scan. Data recording and analysis were carried out using SPSS version 20 and Excel 2013. Results: of a total of 120 patients, the mean age was 26.43 years with a standard deviation of 14.547. Men predominated (75%; n= 90). Road accidents were the leading cause of fractures (50%; n = 60). Occlusofacial fractures accounted for 38.33% (n= 46). Lefort II was the most common fracture (22.50%; n= 27). Conclusion: this study allowed us to identify the population groups most affected by maxillofacial fractures in the Mopti region: adolescents and young adults. Tomodensitometric results were dominated by occlusofacial fractures, in particular Lefort type II fractures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: La néoplasie endocrinienne multiple de type 1 (NEM1) est une maladie héréditaire rare, de transmission autosomique dominante prédisposant au développement d'une hyperplasie ou de tumeurs neuroendocrines (TNE) dans différents organes. Les atteintes les plus fréquentes, appelées atteintes majeures, sont l'hyperparathyroïdie, les TNE duodéno-pancréatiques, thymiques et bronchiques, ainsi que les adénomes hypophysaires et surrénaliens. Les TNE duodéno-pancréatiques sont fréquentes et représentent 60 % des causes de décès de la NEM1. Elles peuvent être fonctionnelles ou non fonctionnelles, bénignes ou malignes. Les TNE fonctionnelles duodéno-pancréatiques les plus fréquentes sont les gastrinomes et les insulinomes. Les patients atteints de NEM1 nécessitent une prise en charge pluridisciplinaire (gastroentérologue, endocrinologue, anatomopathologiste, radiologue, médecin nucléaire, chirurgien, généticien) en centre expert et un suivi à vie. La méconnaissance du diagnostic de NEM1 est une perte de chances pour le patient et sa famille. Cette revue fait le point sur les TNE duodéno-pancréatiques de la NEM1, notamment la prise en charge diagnostique et thérapeutique. Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a rare, hereditary, autosomal dominant disease. It is characterized by the presence of cell hyperplasia or tumors of the endocrine system : parathyroid, duodenopancreatic, thymic, and bronchial neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), and pituitary and adrenal adenomas. Duodenopancreatic involvement is common and accounts for 60% of the causes of death in MEN1. Duodenopancreatic NETs can be functional or non-functional, benign or malignant. The most common functional duodenopancreatic NETs are gastrinomas and insulinomas. Patients with MEN1 require multidisciplinary management (gastroenterologist, endocrinologist, pathologist, radiologist, nuclear physician, surgeon) in an expert center and lifelong follow-up. Failure to diagnose MEN1 is a loss of opportunity for the patient and his family. This review is centered on duodenopancreatic NETs in MEN1, specifically diagnostic and therapeutic management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: L'échinococcose kystique hépatique (EKH), dénomination remplaçant désormais celle de kyste hydatique, est une zoonose parasitaire cosmopolite. Elle sévit principalement dans les pays où l'élevage de moutons constitue une ressource importante, expliquant qu'en France la majorité des patients soient des migrants. L'homme est un hôte intermédiaire accidentel. Le foie est l'organe préférentiel pour le développement du stade larvaire d' Echinococcus granulosus (E. g) sensu lato. La progression d'une lésion d'EKH est extrêmement lente, comparable à celle d'un processus tumoral bénin. La présentation clinique est d'une grande diversité, souvent totalement asymptomatique et de découverte fortuite mais parfois révélée par un tableau clinique aigu pouvant mettre en jeu le pronostic vital, témoin d'une complication évolutive dont la plus fréquente expression est la fissuration du kyste dans les voies biliaires. Le diagnostic repose sur l'examen échographique de la lésion en se référant à la classification de l'OMS permettant d'en apprécier le stade évolutif qui guidera la réflexion de prise en charge. Selon la situation, pourront être proposés une simple surveillance ou un traitement combinant, selon le cas, prise médicamenteuse, sous la forme d'albendazole à activité parasitostatique, techniques instrumentales et chirurgie. L'hépato-gastroentérologue est en première ligne à chacune de ces étapes à l'issue desquelles les décisions bénéficient grandement d'une réflexion pluridisciplinaire permettant aussi d'éviter un sur-traitement. Des études prospectives sont en effet indispensables pour progresser sur les aspects thérapeutiques qui, à ce jour, reposent essentiellement sur avis d'experts. L'observatoire national de l'EK, OFREKYS initié depuis 2018 par le CNR Échinococcoses au CHU de Besançon devrait contribuer à la meilleure connaissance de cette parasitose dans notre pays. Cystic echinococcosis (CE), a denomination now replacing that of hydatid cyst, is a cosmopolitan parasitic zoonosis. It is present mainly in countries where sheep farming constitutes an important resource explaining that in France, the majority of patients are migrants. Humans is an accidental intermediate host. The liver is the organ of choice for the development of the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus (E. g) sensu lato. The progression of the cyst is extremely slow, comparable to that of a benign tumor. The clinical presentation is of great diversity, often completely asymptomatic and of fortuitous discovery but sometimes revealed by an acute clinical picture which can be life-threatening, related to complications. The most frequent one is the cyst rupture within the bile ducts. The diagnosis is based on the ultrasound examination using the WHO classification. It also allows to assess the evolutionary stage that is crucial to make treatment decisions. Depending on the situation, simple monitoring or a treatment combining, as the case may be, medication in the form of a parasitostatic, albendazole, instrumental techniques and surgery may be offered. The hepato-gastroenterologist is on the front line at each of these steps, at the end of which decisions benefit greatly from a multidisciplinary discussion. This also makes it possible to avoid over-treatment. Prospective studies are needed to progress on the therapeutic aspects which, to date, are essentially based on expert opinion. The French observatory of CE, OFREKYS, initiated in 2018 by the National Reference Center on Echinococcosis at Besançon University Hospital should contribute to better knowledge of this disease in our country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Les calculs radio-transparents sont une entité rare et concernent moins de 10 % des calculs rencontrés en pratique clinique. La définition couramment admise est celle basée sur l'absence de visibilité d'un calcul sur la radiographie conventionnelle (Abdomen sans préparation). Revue de la littérature en utilisant les mots clés : radiolucent stone, urolithiasis, computed tomography, imaging. Les articlés recensés sont des études épidémiologiques, des revues de cas, des cas-cliniques ou des études comparatives. Les calculs dits « radio-transparents » sur l'ASP concernent principalement les calculs d'acide urique, les calculs de cystine, les calculs médicamenteux et les calculs à matrice protéique pure. En tomodensitométrie, la définition est restreinte aux calculs médicamenteux et aux calculs à matrice protéique pure. Les calculs d'acide urique sont de loin les plus fréquents. Il faut savoir évoquer ces calculs en cas de tableau obstructif aigu notamment dans un contexte clinique favorisant (calculs médicamenteux). L'imagerie de confirmation diagnostique en cas de non-visibilité sur le bilan initial est le scanner avec injection de produit de contraste au temps excréteur. Radiolucent stone is rare entity concerning about less than 10 % of whole renal stone. The common definition of radiolucent stone is a calculus, which is not seen on standard abdominal radiographs. Literature review using the keywords: radiolucent stone, urolithiasis, computed tomography, imaging. The reviewed articles were epidemiology studies, case-review, case-report or comparative studies. The main radiolucent stone based on abdominal radiography are uric acid, cystine, drug-induced, and pure matrix stone. Based on computed tomography, the definition concern exclusively drug-induced stones and pure matrix stones. The most frequent of them is uric acid stone. It should be known these particular stones that could led to an acute obstructive uropathy especially in a specific context (drug-induced stones). The appropriate imaging modality for diagnostic confirmation in case of normal initial workup is computed tomography at excretory phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Ameloblastoma is a locally aggressive and relatively scarce odontogenic benign tumor. Bone swelling is the most common clinical expression. Computed tomography is a considerable diagnostic contribution. This work reports the clinical and computed tomography characteristics of ameloblastomas of the jaws. Patients and methods: a retrospective analysis of the medical records of patients with histologically confirmed ameloblastoma between January 2014 and December 2018 was carried out. Results: The incidence of ameloblastoma was 3 patients per year. Of the 15 patients, there were 7 men (46.7%) and 8 women (53.3%), giving a sex ratio of 0.87. The age of the patients varied between 9 and 56 years with an average age of 33.7 years. All patients had bone swelling. Mandibular localization predominated with a frequency of 86.7%. Heterogeneity, sharpness of contours and setting of the contrast product were the predominant CT characteristics, each observed in more than 4/5 of the patients. Conclusion: The development of imaging techniques such as CT has significantly changed the diagnostic approach and the management of ameloblastoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Medical Imaging & Radiation Sciences is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is due to a sudden decrease or interruption of mesenteric blood flow resulting in inadequate blood supply to the gastrointestinal tract. This causes ischemic and inflammatory lesions often progressing to necrosis in the absence of appropriate treatment. Vascular insufficiency may arise as a result of embolism or arterial thrombosis or venous thrombosis. We here report a rare case of mesenteric venous ischemia caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a 33-year-old man in whom diagnosis was based on ultrasound and, in particular, on computed tomography (CT). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Une adénopathie cervicale métastatique kystique peut être confondue avec un kyste branchial ou un lymphangiome kystique. Elle peut être le seul signe révélateur d´un carcinome papillaire de la thyroïde. Nous rapportons le cas d´un patient âgé de 50 ans qui nous a consulté pour une tuméfaction jugulo-carotidienne basse droite évoluant depuis 3 ans. A l´examen, la tuméfaction était rénitente. Il n´y avait pas de nodule thyroïdien palpable. L´échographie cervicale a montré une lésion kystique liquidienne de 10 cm renfermant quelques cloisons. Elle n´a pas révélé des nodules thyroïdiens. La tomodensitométrie cervicale a montré une masse kystique latéro-cervicale droite contenant des calcifications périphériques et refoulant la veine jugulaire interne et le muscle sterno-cléido-mastoïdien. Le patient a eu une cervicotomie. L´examen anatomopathologique extemporané était en faveur d´une métastase d´un carcinome papillaire de la thyroïde. Le patient a eu une thyroïdectomie totale associée à un évidement bilatéral du compartiment central et un évidement du compartiment latéral droit. L´examen anatomopathologique définitif a montré un micro-carcinome papillaire de la thyroïde faisant 3 mm de grand axe non encapsulé. Il y avait des métastases ganglionnaires des secteurs VI droit et gauche et du secteur IV droit. Le patient a eu deux cures d´Iode radioactif avec une excellente évolution.

La dysplasie fibreuse est une maladie osseuse génétique et rare du sujet jeune. Sa physiopathologie implique des mutations génétiques à l´origine d´un défaut de maturation osseuse avec prolifération fibreuse médullaire. L´extrémité céphalique est atteinte dans un tiers des cas. Nous en présentons un cas de localisation ethmoido-frontale traité chirurgicalement. Il s´agissait d´un homme âgé de 31ans qui a consulté pour des céphalées holocrâniennes chroniques. L´imagerie par tomodensitométrie a objectivé un volumineux processus expansif ethmoido- frontal bilatéral hyperdense. L´indication chirurgicale a été retenue devant les signes fonctionnels et les données de l´imagerie. L´examen anatomopathologique des fragments osseux a confirmé le diagnostic de dysplasie fibreuse. La dysplasie fibreuse est une maladie rare avec une évolution lente. En absence de consensus thérapeutique, la chirurgie reste le traitement de référence pour les formes unifocales.

La péritonite encapsulante sclérosante est une entité pathologique très rare. C´est une affection fibroinflammatoire chronique du péritoine aboutissant à la formation d´une coque péritonéale fibreuse diffuse engainant totalement ou localement les viscères abdominaux, notamment le tube digestif. Les signes cliniques sont peu spécifiques et trompeurs. L´imagerie médicale, notamment la tomodensitométrie assoie aisément le diagnostic en mettant en évidence une fine membrane péritonéale englobant un agglutinant d´anses digestives. Les formes secondaires (post dialyse péritonéale, tuberculeuse, médicamenteuse, post chimiothérapie intra péritonéale) sont assez fréquentes, cependant la forme idiopathique reste très rare et peu de cas ont été rapporté par la littérature. Nous rapportons, à travers d´une observation, le cas d´une forme idiopathique chez une femme de 53 ans.

Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) are a heterogeneous group of respiratory diseases often related to connective tissue diseases. Some patients will develop an ILD with autoimmune features without reaching the recommended criteria for autoimmune diseases. Their management is difficult because they have both features for idiopathic and connective tissue disease. To better identify these patients, the concept of interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF) has been created. The diagnosis relies on ILD without identified cause and the presence of at least one defined criterion among 2 of the 3 following domains: clinic, serologic, and morphologic. The mean age at diagnosis is 60, a sex ratio of 1/1, and depending on the authors close to 20% of patients with IPAF will develop a connective tissue disease according to the international criterion. Their prognosis is better than for patients with idiopathic ILD and with an average 5-year survival of 70%. Older age at diagnosis, a pattern of usual interstitial pneumonia, and an impaired diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide have been identified as poor prognosis factors. The treatment relies on usual care for chronic respiratory diseases and is often associated with immunosuppressive and/or antifibrotic therapies. The objective of this classification is to better characterize these patients and improve their management., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.. All rights reserved.)

La pathologie hydatique est une affection fréquente au Maroc mais sa localisation cérébrale est rare. Nous rapportons le cas d´une jeune fille dont la symptomatologie ophtalmologique a permis de révéler le diagnostic et qui a été confirmer par la tomodensitométrie cérébrale. Le traitement était chirurgical avec une bonne évolution. Le kyste hydatique cérébral reste une cause non négligeable de manifestations neuro-ophtalmologique dans les pays endémiques, le diagnostic positif est fait par la TDM, le traitement est chirurgical, et le pronostic est généralement bon.

L´incidence du méningo-encéphalocèle sphénoïdal est très faible. Elle est estimée à une personne sur 700 000 naissances vivantes. Cette entité clinique est plus rare chez l´adulte. Notre patiente est âgée de 51 ans. Elle a consulté pour une sensation de pesanteur intra-nasal évoluant depuis le jeune âge sans rhinorrhée ni obstruction nasale. Elle n´avait pas de dysosmie ni de céphalée. Elle n´avait pas des antécédents de méningite à répétition ni de chirurgie de la base du crâne ni de traumatisme crânien. Les deux fosses nasales étaient libres. Le scanner du massif facial a montré un comblement subtotal du sinus sphénoïdal droit, à contenu spontanément hyperdense par endroit, sans prise de contraste significative associé à une lyse de la paroi latérale de sinus sphénoïdal droit. L´IRM cérébrale et du massif facial a montré une déhiscence de la paroi latérale du sinus sphénoïdal droit avec en regard une hernie du liquide céphalo-rachidien en hyposignal T1, hypersignal T2 et du parenchyme cérébral en isosignal T1 et T2. La conduite à tenir était l´abstention thérapeutique vu que la patiente était asymptomatique.

Les auteurs rapportent une observation d´un hémangiome géant hépatique révélé par un traumatisme abdominal suite à un accident de la voie publique. L´originalité de ce cas tient à la découverte à la tomodensitométrie d´un angiome géant du foie chez un individu de sexe masculin reçu dans le cadre du bilan radiologique d´évaluation de son traumatisme. Cette présentation clinique ne permettait en aucun cas d´évoquer un hémangiome du foie.

Le pneumopéritoine résulte, dans la majorité des cas, d´une perforation du tractus gastro-intestinal dont le traitement est habituellement chirurgical. Son caractère spontané est rare, avec dans ce cas, une présentation inhabituelle qui met le chirurgien devant un dilemme diagnostic et thérapeutique. Nous rapportons un cas de pneumopéritoine spontané chez un sujet de 77 ans ayant bien évolué sous traitement non opératoire. Nous discutons des modalités de prise en charge de cette entité peu commune.

La néphrolithotomie percutanée s´accompagne d´un risque de complications en particulier hémorragiques, qui en fait une technique potentiellement invasive. Nous rapportons le cas d´une patiente de 70 ans, traité auparavant pour néphrolithotomie percutanée d´une lithiase sur un rein unique gauche. Une hématurie persistante de moyenne abondance est apparue il y a 2 mois et demi, et qui a motivé à la réalisation d´une tomodensitométrie découvrant un faux anévrisme intra rénal polaire inférieur, d´origine iatrogène. Il a nécessité une embolisation sélective efficace à la colle biologique.

Les lésions duodénales au cours des contusions de l'abdomen sont peu fréquentes. Il n'existe pas de consensus sur la technique chirurgicale, qui va de la suture primaire aux résections duodéno-pancréatiques complexes en fonction de la sévérité des lésions. Nous rapportons un cas de perforation duodénale isolée traitée par suture simple en un temps, afin de discuter les aspects diagnostiques, thérapeutiques et évolutifs. Il s´agit d'un patient de 17 ans, reçu à 2 jours d'une contusion abdominale. L'examen retrouvait une défense abdominale généralisée avec une fièvre 38 °C. La tomodensitométrie abdominale montrait une solution de continuité de la paroi du duodénum avec un pneumopéritoine. L'exploration chirurgicale par laparotomie retrouvait une issue de 2500 cc de liquide digestif avec une section linéaire 2 cm au niveau du bord latéral de la portion supérieure du 2ème duodénum avec des bords nécrosés. Le traitement consistait en une suture duodénale simple. Les suites opératoires étaient marquées par la survenue d'une fistule digestive à bas débit ayant bien évoluée sous traitement médical. La perforation duodénale isolée post traumatique est rare. La tomodensitométrie abdominale est d'un grand apport pour permettre un diagnostic précoce et un traitement adéquat. Il n'existe pas de consensus concernant la technique chirurgicale mais la suture primaire donne de bons résultats chez des patients sélectionnés

Fibrous dysplasia is a genetic and rare bone disorder affecting the young subject. Its pathophysiology involves genetic mutations leading to defective skeletal development with fibrous and medullary proliferations. Cephalic extremity is involved in one third of cases. We here report a case of surgically treated fibrous dysplasia of the frontal and ethmoid sinuses. The study involved a 31-year-old man presenting with chronic holocranial headaches. Computed tomography (CT) scan showed voluminous bilateral hyperdense expansive process in the frontal and ethmoid sinuses. Surgery was performed on the basis of functional signs and imaging data. Anatomopathological examination of bone fragments confirmed the diagnosis of fibrous dysplasia. Fibrous dysplasia is rare and characterized by slow disease progression. In the absence of a consensus on therapy, surgery remains the treatment of choice for unifocal forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis is a very rare pathological entity. It is a chronic fibroinflammatory disease affecting the peritoneum and leading to the formation of diffuse egg-shell-shaped fibrous capsule which totally or locally encapsulate the abdominal viscera, in particular the digestive tract. Clinical signs are little specific and misleading. Medical imaging, including computed tomography, can help clinicians to make a diagnosis, by highlighting a thin peritoneal membrane encompassing an agglutination of digestive loops. Secondary types (postperitoneal dialysis, tuberculosis, medications, postintraperitoneal chemotherapy) are quite common, however idiopathic sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis is very rare and few cases have been reported in the literature. We here report the case of a 53-year-old woman with idiopathic sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Nous rapportons une observation d'un cas de tumeur stromale gastro-intestinale à localisation multiple au niveau du grêle découverte dans un contexte de péritonite. La particularité de ce cas tient à la découverte en per-opératoire de masses tumorales multifocales grêliques, évoquant à la tomodensitométrie en post opératoire des tumeurs stromales gastro-intestinales. Ce tableau clinique de péritonite ne permettait en aucun cas d'évoquer une origine tumorale.

Pneumoperitoneum, in the majority of cases, is caused by a perforation of the gastrointestinal tract whose treatment is usually surgical. It rarely occurs spontaneously. This study reports an unusual presentation of pneumoperitoneum which has put the surgeon in a massive diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. We report the case of a 77-year old patient with spontaneous pneumoperitoneum evolving during non-operative treatment. We here discuss the management procedure for this uncommon disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is a potentially invasive technique associated with a risk of complications, in particular bleeding. We report the case of a 70-year old female patient who had only left kidney and with a history of renal calculi treated with percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Persistent, average abundant haematuria had occurred two and a half months before, requiring computerized tomography (CT) scan. This had showed false iatrogenic intrarenal inferior polar aneurysm. It required effective selective embolization of biological glue [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]