Search

Copyright of Baghdad Science Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the current study, bacteria from agricultural soil systems that have been polluted with pesticides were isolated, identified, and their ability to tolerate pesticides was examined. Target bacterial species were isolated from Psidium guajava (L) and Abelmoschus esculentus (L) cultivating an agriculture field. From 10 distinct soil samples collected from an agricultural field, 27 bacterial species were extracted, and the capacity of these microorganisms to withstand pesticides was examined. Only three bacterial species (PRB-S1P2, PRB-S1P3, and PRB-S6P1) are capable to grow on Nutrient agar medium with different concentration of pesticides dimethoate, Thiamethoxam and Imidacloprid. Apart from these three, one bacterial species were highly tolerant to all test pesticides. The highest pesticide tolerant bacteria are Pseudomonas nitroreducens was identified through 16s rRNA sequencing and the sequences were submitted to the NCBI with the accession No: ON624333.1. Hence, the bacteria can be subjected to further study of its use in the field of bioremediation.

Copyright of Journal of Plant Production is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study searched for plant species suitable for accumulating carbofuran residue in rice field soil. Three groups of plant, i.e. grass crops, upland crops, and vegetable crops, were grown in 8 inches diameter plastic pots filled with soil containing 5 mg/kg carbofuran. Parts of plants (stems and leaves, roots, fruits) were harvested at day 120 and analyzed for carbofuran residue using HPLC. The results indicated that Helianthus annuus L. (sunflower) was the most suitable species for phytoremediation of carbofuran residue in rice field soil because it highly accumulated carbofuran up to 93.4 μg/kg dry weight in its stems and leaves. In addition, H. annuus L. (sunflower) could tolerate carbofuran since it showed similar physical appearance (circumference and height) to control not receiving carbofuran.

Influenced by natural climatic, geological, and evolutionary changes, landscapes and the ecosystems within are continuously changing. In addition to these natural pressures, anthropogenic drivers have increasingly influenced ecosystems. Whether affected by natural or anthropogenic processes, ecosystems, ecological communities, and ecosystem functioning are dynamic and can lead to 'novel' or 'emerging' ecosystems. Current literature identifies several definitions of these ecosystems but lacks an unambiguous definition and framework for categorizing what constitutes a novel ecosystem and for informing decisions around best management practices. Here we explore the various definitions used for novel ecosystems, present an unambiguous definition, and propose a framework for identifying the most appropriate management option. We identify and discuss three approaches for managing novel ecosystems: managing against, tolerating, and managing for these systems, and we provide real-world examples of each approach. We suggest that this framework will allow managers to make thoughtful decisions about which strategy is most appropriate for each unique situation, to determine whether the strategy is working, and to facilitate decision-making when it is time to modify the management approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pretreatment step of cellulosic ethanol production generates inhibitory compounds that affect the performance of fermenting microorganisms, and subsequently causes reductions in ethanol yield and productivity. Several researches in ethanol production from second generation feedstocks have therefore focused on the detoxification of inhibitors to increase the efficiency of the ethanol production. The adaptation of the microorganisms to inhibitors presented in raw material hydrolysate is one of the biotechnology routes to improve ethanol yield without any detoxification treatments. The purpose of this work was to adapt Saccharomyces cerevisiae SC90 to improve its ability to ferment toxic cassava pulp hydrolysate pretreated with diluted acid (1 N HC1). The initial total sugar of cassava pulp hydrolysate was 49.79 ± 0.76 g/1. The 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% (v/v) of hydrolysate were prepared from the initial cassava pulp hydrolysate for the adaptation procedure. The total sugar concentration in all the diluted hydrolysate was adjusted to 50 g/l using glucose and supplemented with 1 g/l yeast extract, 2 g/l (NH4)2SO4, 0.5 g/l KH2PO4, and 1 g/l MgS04.7H20 and the pH was adjusted to 5.5. The yeast cells were subcultured twice in the same hydrolysate dilution similar numbers of initial cells were transferred to a more concentrated hydrolysate. Adapted yeast cells from 100% (v/v) of hydrolysate supplemented with nutrient sources and non-adapted cells (the control) were investigated. The growth and fermentation potentials were compared. The adapted cells showed an improvement in sugar utilization and cell viability compared with those of the non-adapted cells. Consequently, the ethanol yield of the adapted cells was improved. These results indicated that the adaptation of the yeast cells to overcome the inhibitory effects of the lignocellulosic hydrolysate could improve the productivity and ethanol yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salix integra Thunb. is a shrub distributed in China along the Huai River riparian zone, and plays an important role in water and soil conservation. S. integra shrub land is easily submerged during July to October due to the flooding of Huai River. In order to characterize the physiological mechanisms of waterlogging tolerance of S. integra and to help rationally select waterlogging-tolerant species to alleviate the flood damage to agricultural production, we studied the effects of flooding on the growth, leaf gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence of S. integra cuttings during a growth season (from August to October 2011). The biomass production and photosynthesis of S. integra cv. qingpi were promoted under moderate waterlogging stress, whereas its growth, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, and stomatal conductance were all significantly lower than those of the control group. A significant increase in nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) and a reduction in PSII maximal quantum photochemistry efficiency (Fv/Fm) were observed in flooded seedlings of S. integra cv. hongpi. In the case of S. integra cv. qingpi, however, there were no significant differences in NPQ and Fv/Fm between the treatment and the controls. Our results demonstrated that S. integra cv. hongpi exhibited slight damage to its photosynthetic apparatus under flooding. In contrast, a moderate flooding stress promoted the leaf and root production of S. integra cv. qingpi, indicating that S. integra cv. qingpi can tolerate prolonged soil flooding better than S. integra cv. hongpi. Thus, S. integra cv. qingpi is more suitable for afforestation in the riparian zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here in this paper, the practitioner-academician/ researcher examines how a 0Confucian, following the Old Master, resolves conflicts. With various quotes from The Analects and several other sources, several key strategies and ways of conflict resolution, the Confucian way, are discussed. These strategies and ways include, for example, speaking correctly, carrying oneself well (- being a gentleperson; junzi) and being trustworthy, preferring good relationships and valuing harmony, and being patient as well as enduring problems and difficulties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]