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The contribution to be presented summarizes the objectives of a research in progress, on behalf of the Metropolitan City of Naples, on the school building heritage in order to evaluate the actions to be taken, starting from the knowledge and analysis of the recurring types. The latter can be traced back to the main periods of impulse to the school building sector, for which the real estate assets currently in use have characteristics of constructive familiarity that can be attributed to a few main reference models, all the more simplified due to the intrinsic modularity of buildings for school use. The database of school buildings prepared by the former Province of Naples, the current Metropolitan City, is the starting point of the research as it provides the state of the art of the Neapolitan school heritage: address, property, surface, volume, period of construction plant, period of structural adjustment. In particular, in this territory, the schools were classified in seven periods: before 1919, from 1920 to 1945, from 1946 to 1972, from 1972 to 1984, from 1984 to 1996, from 1996 to 2008, from 2008 to today. Overall, from a functional point of view, the school buildings purposes were considered attributable to these categories: historical, early twentieth century, post-war, financed by Falcucci law, post Falcucci law. In recent decades, no innovation has been introduced in the functional distribution of schools, but only recently have been introduced educational information systems that, until now, have not led to architectural innovation, but only technological, with the consequent increase in energy costs. The authors will present the most critical, especially energetic, problems and, consequently, the foreseeable interventions for each recurrent building type, with reference to some school buildings of the Metropolitan City of Naples, identified as exemplary case studies of their design, functional and construction typologies.

The contribution to be presented summarizes the objectives of a research in progress, on behalf of the Metropolitan City of Naples, on the school building heritage in order to evaluate the actions to be taken, starting from the knowledge and analysis of the recurring types. The latter can be traced back to the main periods of impulse to the school building sector, for which the real estate assets currently in use have characteristics of constructive familiarity that can be attributed to a few main reference models, all the more simplified due to the intrinsic modularity of buildings for school use. The database of school buildings prepared by the former Province of Naples, the current Metropolitan City, is the starting point of the research as it provides the state of the art of the Neapolitan school heritage: address, property, surface, volume, period of construction plant, period of structural adjustment. In particular, in this territory, the school buildings were classified in seven periods: before 1919, from 1920 to 1945, from 1946 to 1972, from 1972 to 1984, from 1984 to 1996, from 1996 to 2008, from 2008 to today. Overall, from a functional point of view, the school buildings purposes were considered attributable to these categories: historical, early twentieth century, post-war, financed by Falcucci law, post Falcucci law. In recent decades, no innovation has been introduced in the functional distribution of schools, but only recently have been introduced educational information systems that, until now, have not led to architectural innovation, but only technological, with the consequent increase in energy costs. The authors will present the most critical, especially energetic, problems and, consequently, the foreseeable interventions for each recurrent building type, with reference to some school buildings of the Metropolitan City of Naples, identified as exemplary case studies of their design, functional and construction typologies.

The study of urban form in the Netherlands has been heavily influenced by the Modern Movement and characterized by strong disciplinary specialization. On the one hand there is the distinction between art and engineering and on the other the search for instrumental universal rationality. This helps to explain the increasing interest, initially within academe, in the first English and German translations of some outstanding works of Italian researchers, who were at the time already acting as leaders in new perspectives in the fields of urban form and architecture. In keeping with the Dutch practical attitude, these investigations contributed to urban developments of the post-industrial era, beginning at the end of the 1970s. Today much of the study of urban form entails investigation of how global trends affect local systems and how local systems can be improved by analysing best practices. In that respect the Netherlands has been able to establish a leading role in contemporary architecture that is widely recognized within Europe.

L'obiettivo del miglioramento energetico, come superamento dell'attuale regime di deroga, si pone anche per l'architettura storica palermitana, elencale ed aulica, e richiede la conoscenza delle sue prestazioni per individuarne potenzialità e carenze e per delineare opportune strategie d'intervento. Bisogna dunque analizzare le caratteristiche geometriche, materiche, costruttive che influenzano il comportamento energetico e ambientale di questi edifici. Inoltre l'individuazione di costanti tipologiche, come ricerche europee evidenziano, consente di definire le possibili modalità d'intervento sull'architettura storica in base alle esigenze più o meno restrittive poste per la sua conservazione. The target of energy improvement as a way to overcome the current state of derogation is to be addressed also with respect to the historic architecture of Palermo. The knowledge of its current behavior is necessary to identify energy potentialities and lacks and to define suitable strategies. Geometric, material and construction features have to be analysed because they influence the energy and environmental performances of these buildings. Furthermore, as some European studies show, the identification of typological elements is useful to match the measures for energy improvement with the need to protect the features of historic architecture.

Il contributo si riferisce ad una lettura tipologica edilizia degli edifici del quartiere dell'INA-CASA a Trieste di Borgo san Sergio. Il quartiere fu progettato da E. N. Rogers nel 1955 ed era dotato di infrastrutture e servizi capaci di garantire un'autonomia funzionale all'intero complesso residenziale. Questa realizzazione si inserisce nel quadro del grande programma edilizio avviato dal Ministero dei LL. PP. all'inizio degli anni Cinquanta.

Il saggio vuole fare il punto sulle conoscenze della più aggiornata ricerca storica ed archeologica in merito ad alcuni aspetti dell'edilizia residenziale ed alla loro evoluzione tra età tardoantica e altomedioevo : materiali costruttivi, tecniche, tipologie edilizie e società.