Search

Dans cet article, nous effectuons une analyse rhétorique des discours de Severn Cullis-Suzuki (1992) et de Greta Thunberg (2019). Notre attention s’y est focalisée sur la question du genre rhétorique et de la preuve par l’ethos. Nous défendons l’hypothèse selon laquelle la construction de l’ethos de ces deux oratrices de générations différentes témoigne d’un changement de conception de la notion perelmanienne d’auditoire universel. In this paper, we conduct a rhetorical analysis of the speeches of Severn Cullis-Suzuki (1992) and Greta Thunberg (2019), focusing on the issue of rhetorical genre and evidence through ethos. We defend the hypothesis that the construction of the ethos of these two speakers from different generations testifies to a shift in the conception of the Perelmanian notion of universal audience.

The Coronavirus (COVID 19) and the vast wildfires in Australia, California, and elsewhere have unconsciously brought many of us to think about the possible coming of our doomsday. We must take action now to prevent it. But how? To fight against those rich and powerful small elite groups will never be easy, who will do anything to maintain status quo to cling to their current privilege. This paper is one manifesto showing exactly what to do and how to do it to protect this precious earth and ourselves from the inevitable apocalypse that will come if we keep going as we are.

We propose that populism is a storytelling performance that involves a charismatic ‘truth-teller’ and a populist narrative frame. Populist narratives are sensemaking devices that guide people in areas of contestation, uncertainty and complexity where decisions cannot solely rely on rational and formal processes. Populist ‘truth-tellers’ apply a particular narrative frame that pits ‘people’ against the ‘elite’ when interpreting complex problems such as climate change. The aim of this article is one of theory generating, using the cases of Donald Trump and Greta Thunberg to illustrate the idea of populism as storytelling. While their climate change stories are very different, both share an approach that relies on the ‘truth-telling’ character of their hero, applying the same populist narrative frame. These findings add to our understanding of the role emotions and conflicts play in the struggles to make sense of climate change based on particular interests or political agendas.

The purpose of the article is to evaluate the activity of a number of European scholars who made it possible for the Western world to get fundamental knowledge about one of the most enigmatic countries of the time. Owing to a variety of materials gathered between the 18th and the 19th centuries by researchers of Japan, brought to Europe and demonstrated to the European public, we have a unique knowledge of the life of the Japanese during the Edo period. It is unique for several reasons: this is the first impression of Europeans about Japan, some sort of a view from the outside; and an attempt to ward off all the prejudice about the country and accept different civilizations as equal. This article is devoted to such researchers of Japan of the 18th and the 19th centuries as Elgelbert Kaempher, Carl Thunberg, Jan Cock Blomhoff, J. F. van Overmeer Fisscher, Philipp Franz von Siebold. The article contains a description of the academics’ stay in Japan and information about their scholarly work back in Europe. The author focuses her attention on the history of the collections of Japanese articles which were brought to Europe by these first researchers of Japan. Another important issue is the value of their research to the development of museology and its influence on the minds of their contemporaries., Цель данной статьи состоит в том, чтобы дать оценку деятельности ряда европейских исследователей, благодаря которым западный мир получил фундаментальные знания об одной из самых загадочных для него в то время стран. Благодаря разнообразным материалам, собранным исследователями Японии XVIII–XIX вв., привезенным в Европу и представленным европейскому зрителю, мы обладаем уникальной информацией о жизни японцев в период Эдо. Ее уникальность состоит не только в том, что это одни из первых впечатлений европейцев о Японии, взгляд извне. Это в том числе попытка сквозь предрассудки увидеть и принять экзотические страны как равную другую цивилизацию, столь отличную от европейской. Статья посвящена таким исследователям Японии XVIII–XIX вв., как Энгельберт Кемпфер, Карл Тунберг, Ян Кок Бломгофф, Иоганн Фредерик ван Овермеер Фишер, Филипп Франц фон Зибольд. В статье содержится описание жизни ученых в Японии, а также их научной деятельности после возвращения в Европу. Некоторое внимание уделено судьбе собранных учеными коллекций японских предметов, значению их работы для музееведения и влиянию накопленных знаний о Японии на умы современников.

Статья поступила в редакцию 30.11.2016. Received on 30 November, 2016. Цель данной статьи состоит в том, чтобы дать оценку деятельности ряда европейских исследователей, благодаря которым западный мир получил фундаментальные знания об одной из самых загадочных для него в то время стран. Благодаря разнообразным материалам, собранным исследователями Японии XVIII–XIX вв., привезенным в Европу и представленным европейскому зрителю, мы обладаем уникальной информацией о жизни японцев в период Эдо. Ее уникальность состоит не только в том, что это одни из первых впечатлений европейцев о Японии, взгляд извне. Это в том числе попытка сквозь предрассудки увидеть и принять экзотические страны как равную другую цивилизацию, столь отличную от европейской. Статья посвящена таким исследователям Японии XVIII–XIX вв., как Энгельберт Кемпфер, Карл Тунберг, Ян Кок Бломгофф, Иоганн Фредерик ван Овермеер Фишер, Филипп Франц фон Зибольд. В статье содержится описание жизни ученых в Японии, а также их научной деятельности после возвращения в Европу. Некоторое внимание уделено судьбе собранных учеными коллекций японских предметов, значению их работы для музееведения и влиянию накопленных знаний о Японии на умы современников. The purpose of the article is to evaluate the activity of a number of European scholars who made it possible for the Western world to get fundamental knowledge about one of the most enigmatic countries of the time. Owing to a variety of materials gathered between the 18th and the 19th centuries by researchers of Japan, brought to Europe and demonstrated to the European public, we have a unique knowledge of the life of the Japanese during the Edo period. It is unique for several reasons: this is the first impression of Europeans about Japan, some sort of a view from the outside; and an attempt to ward off all the prejudice about the country and accept different civilizations as equal. This article is devoted to such researchers of Japan of the 18th and the 19th centuries as Elgelbert Kaempher, Carl Thunberg, Jan Cock Blomhoff, J. F. van Overmeer Fisscher, Philipp Franz von Siebold. The article contains a description of the academics’ stay in Japan and information about their scholarly work back in Europe. The author focuses her attention on the history of the collections of Japanese articles which were brought to Europe by these first researchers of Japan. Another important issue is the value of their research to the development of museology and its influence on the minds of their contemporaries.

Background: Triploidy can occur in many animal species but is often lethal. Among invertebrates, amphibians and fishes, triploids are viable although often sterile or infertile. Most triploids of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas are almost sterile (named "3n beta'') yet a low but significant proportion show an advanced gametogenesis (named "3n alpha''). These oysters thus constitute an interesting model to study the effect of triploidy on germ cell development. We used microarrays to compare the gonad transcriptomes of diploid 2n and the abovementioned triploid 3n beta and 3n alpha male and female oysters throughout gametogenesis. Results: All triploids displayed an upregulation of genes related to DNA repair and apoptosis and a downregulation of genes associated with cell division. The comparison of 3n alpha and 3n beta transcriptomes with 2n revealed the likely involvement of a cell cycle checkpoint during mitosis in the successful but delayed development of gonads in 3n alpha individuals. In contrast, a disruption of sex differentiation mechanisms may explain the sterility of 3n beta individuals with 3n beta females expressing male-specific genes and 3n beta males expressing female-specific genes. Conclusions: The disruption of sex differentiation and mitosis may be responsible for the impaired gametogenesis of triploid Pacific oysters. The function of the numerous candidate genes identified in our study should now be studied in detail in order to elucidate their role in sex determination, mitosis/meiosis control, pachytene cell cycle checkpoint, and the control of DNA repair/apoptosis.

In summer 2006 an extensive mortality of Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas occurred in Lake Grevelingen, the Netherlands. A sample of Pacific oysters was investigated for the presence of shellfish pathogens as potential causes of the mortality. Yellow-green lesions were observed in several oysters upon clinical inspection. Histopathology showed that 6 out of 36 oysters had a suspected bacterial infection, including 4 Nocardia-like infections. Two bacterial species, Vibrio aestuarianus and Nocardia crassostreae, were isolated from haemolymph samples and identified using PCR and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. This is the first isolation of N. crassostreae from shellfish in European waters. The near full-length 16S rRNA sequence of this Dutch Nocardia sp. isolate was identical to other known N. crassostreae isolates from the west coast of North America. The primary cause of oyster mortality was thought to be the physiological stress from environmental conditions, including prolonged high water temperatures and low oxygen levels. The multiple bacterial species isolated from the diseased Pacific oysters may have been a secondary cause.

We constructed male and female consensus linkage maps for the Pacific oyster Crassostrea g,gigas, using a total of 102 microsatellite DNA markers typed in 11-day-old larvae from three families. We identified 11 and 12 linkage groups in the male and Fern ale consensus maps, respectively. Alignment of these separate maps, however, suggests 10 linkage groups, which agrees with the haploid chromosome number. The male linkage map comprises 88 loci and spans 616.1 cM, while the female map comprises 86 loci and spans 770.5 cM. The male and the female maps share 74 loci; 2 markets remain unlinked. The estimated coverages for the consensus linkage maps are 79% for the male and 70-75% for the female, on the basis of two estimates of genome length. Ninety-five percent of the genome is expected to lie within 16 and 21 cM of markers on the male and female maps, respectively, while 95% of simulated minimum distances to the male and female maps are within 10.1 and 13.6 cM, respectively. Females have significantly more recombination than males, across 118 pairs of linked markers in common to the parents of the three families. Significant differences in recombination and orders of markers are also evident among same-sex parents of different families as well as sibling parents of opposite sex. These observations Suggest that polymorphism for chromosomal rearrangements may exist in natural populations, which could have profound implications for interpreting the evolutionary genetics of the oyster. These are the first linkage maps for a bivalve mollusc that use microsatellite DNA markets, which should enable them to be transferred to other families and to be useful for further genetic analyses such as QTL mapping.

Viaporia on tutkittu yllättävän vähän. Linnoituksen arkkitehtuuri, historian vaiheet ja linnoituksen rakennuttajan Augustin Ehrensvärdin elämäntyö tunnetaan pääpiirteissään, mutta täysin vaille vastausta on jäänyt kysymys siitä, mikä vaikutus Viaporilla oli Uudellamaalla, Suomessa ja Itämeren alueella. Miten Viaporin rakentaminen vaikutti Helsingin porvariston liiketoimiin ja elämään ylipäätään sekä millainen innovatiivinen vaikutus linnoituksella oli alueellaan? Mikä oli Viaporin merkitys?