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This edited volume explores the role of education in the process of European cooperation and integration as it has been conceived and realized in the late 20th century and the early 21st century, as well as the mirror of this narrative: the effects of the European integration process on education. Through this dual analysis, the contributors reflect on the concept of Europeanization by showing the complex interplay between Europeanization through education and Europeanization of education. Part I offers a critical overview of the actors, spaces, actions, and pedagogies designed to promote the European project and build Europeans. Part II examines how work done on the European continental level has impacted the educational sphere and national education systems. The case studies cover a wide range of international institutions (College of Europe, European Schools, European Centre for Culture, European University Institute), international organizations (EC/ EU, OEEC/ OECD, Council of Europe, UNESCO), and transnational actors (European Trade Union Committee for Education, European Federation of Education Employers), providing interdisciplinary insight into how this dialectic contributed to shape Europe as a whole. This book will be of interest to graduate and postgraduate students, teachers, and researchers of international cultural relations, Europeanization, and education from a transnational perspective.

This study offers a radically new perspective on Dutch Neorealism, one that emphasizes the role of film as an apparatus, the effects of which, when emulated in painting, can reproduce the affective experience of film-watching. More of a tendency than a tightly defined style or "ism," Neorealism is the Dutch variant of Magic Realism, an uncanny mode of figurative painting identified with Neue Sachlichkeit in Germany and Novecento in Italy. Best represented by the Dutch artists Pyke Koch, Carel Willink, Charley Toorop, Raoul Hynckes, Dick Ket, and Wim Schuhmacher, Neorealism—as demonstrated in this book—depicted societal disintegration and allegories of looming disaster in reaction to the rise of totalitarian regimes and, eventually, the Nazi Occupation of The Netherlands. The degree to which these artists exhibited either revolutionary or reactionary sentiments—usually corresponding with their political affiliation—is one of the central problematics explored in this text. The book will be of interest to scholars working in art history, World War II history, and film studies.

Articulating the shifting interests in Korean art and offering new ways of conceiving the biases that initiated and impacted its collecting, this book traces the rise of the modern Korean art market from its formative period in the 1870s through to its peak and subsequent decline in the 1930s. The discussion centres on the collecting of Koryŏ celadon ceramics as they formed the focal point of commercial exchanges of Korean artefacts and explores how their acquisition and ownership formed part of the complex power relationship that played out between the Koreans, Japanese, Americans, and Europeans. Drawing on a wide range of primary sources, the volume analyses collectors’ acquisition practices, arguing that their fascination with ceramics from the Koryŏ kingdom (918–1392) was shaped not only by the aesthetic appeal of the objects but also by biased perceptions of the Korean peninsula, its history, and people. The book will be of interest to scholars working in art history, social history, cultural history, Korean studies, collection studies, museum studies, Korean history, and Asian studies.

This volume explores the life of Bjargey “Bíbí” Kristjánsdóttir (1927–1999), an Icelandic woman with intellectual disabilities, through analysis of her autobiography and personal archive on the basis of the research disciplines of critical disability studies and microhistory. Bíbí, who grew up in northern Iceland on a small farm called Berlin, fell ill when she was in her first year and was afterward labeled "feeble-minded" by her family and the local community. When Bíbí died, she had finished a 145,000-word autobiography which she had written alone and kept secret from her family and neighbors, very few of whom even knew that she could read and write. This book aims to consider Bíbí’s life through her autobiography and other historical sources she created, to identify how various historical, social, and cultural factors interacted and influenced her circumstances. It explores Bíbí’s agency, and how she managed to play her cards within the narrow scope given to her by society. What makes Bíbí’s history extraordinary is precisely the direct connection to her world through her counter-archive. This book provides students and scholars of the humanities and the social sciences with a new way of critical thinking about both disciplines.

This book examines the dynamics of intelligence practices in the Scandinavian culture of high social cohesion and high trust. Situated within the new body of scholarly literature, the book emphasizes critical empirical investigations of intelligence practices, highlighting the specific cultural settings of such practices. By providing Scandinavian perspectives on intelligence studies, the work distinguishes Scandinavian intelligence studies from the predominant Anglo-American perspectives. Throughout the Western world, the past two decades have generated a rapid expansion of the legal mandate, funding, and capabilities of intelligence agencies which, simultaneously, have been pushed to renegotiate and renew their legitimacy and democratic mandate in response to a recurrent pattern of scandals, leaks, and failures. While these tendencies are also evident in Scandinavia, the book argues that it is important to emphasize the unique context of cohesion and trust in state agencies that differentiates Scandinavian welfare states from the American (and to a lesser extent British) contexts. This book brings together scholars from Norway, Sweden, and Denmark to address the continuous renegotiation of the legitimacy of state intelligence as it plays out in a Scandinavian setting. This book will be of interest to students of intelligence studies, Nordic politics, security studies, and International Relations.

This book examines the dynamics of intelligence practices in the Scandinavian culture of high social cohesion and high trust. Situated within the new body of scholarly literature, the book emphasizes critical empirical investigations of intelligence practices, highlighting the specific cultural settings of such practices. By providing Scandinavian perspectives on intelligence studies, the work distinguishes Scandinavian intelligence studies from the predominant Anglo-American perspectives. Throughout the Western world, the past two decades have generated a rapid expansion of the legal mandate, funding, and capabilities of intelligence agencies which, simultaneously, have been pushed to renegotiate and renew their legitimacy and democratic mandate in response to a recurrent pattern of scandals, leaks, and failures. While these tendencies are also evident in Scandinavia, the book argues that it is important to emphasize the unique context of cohesion and trust in state agencies that differentiates Scandinavian welfare states from the American (and to a lesser extent British) contexts. This book brings together scholars from Norway, Sweden, and Denmark to address the continuous renegotiation of the legitimacy of state intelligence as it plays out in a Scandinavian setting. This book will be of interest to students of intelligence studies, Nordic politics, security studies, and International Relations.

This book examines the dynamics of intelligence practices in the Scandinavian culture of high social cohesion and high trust. Situated within the new body of scholarly literature, the book emphasizes critical empirical investigations of intelligence practices, highlighting the specific cultural settings of such practices. By providing Scandinavian perspectives on intelligence studies, the work distinguishes Scandinavian intelligence studies from the predominant Anglo-American perspectives. Throughout the Western world, the past two decades have generated a rapid expansion of the legal mandate, funding, and capabilities of intelligence agencies which, simultaneously, have been pushed to renegotiate and renew their legitimacy and democratic mandate in response to a recurrent pattern of scandals, leaks, and failures. While these tendencies are also evident in Scandinavia, the book argues that it is important to emphasize the unique context of cohesion and trust in state agencies that differentiates Scandinavian welfare states from the American (and to a lesser extent British) contexts. This book brings together scholars from Norway, Sweden, and Denmark to address the continuous renegotiation of the legitimacy of state intelligence as it plays out in a Scandinavian setting. This book will be of interest to students of intelligence studies, Nordic politics, security studies, and International Relations.

The Routledge Handbook of Nostalgia serves as a guide to the complex and often contradictory concept of nostalgia, as well as the field of “nostalgia studies” more broadly. Nostalgia is an area of intense interest across several disciplines as well as within society and culture more generally. This handbook brings together an international, interdisciplinary team of researchers to survey the current landscape and identify common trends, achievements, and gaps in existing literature. Comprising 45 chapters, the volume covers the following topics: Disciplinary perspectives of nostalgias including philosophy, history, literature, and psychology. Conceptual aspects of nostalgia including homesickness, temporality, affectivity, and memory. Historical and political dimensions such as afro-nostalgia, populism, feminism, and queer nostalgia. Spatial and material aspects of nostalgia including ruins, regionalism, and objects. Media-related nostalgia such as analogue and digital nostalgia, reboots, revivals, gaming, and graphic novels. Essential reading for students and researchers working in nostalgia studies, this book will also be beneficial to related disciplines such as philosophy, anthropology, geography, history, and literature; cultural, media, heritage, museum, and film studies courses; and more generally for readers interested in how the past is represented and used in the present.

This book analyses right-wing memory politics in Poland through the concept of "cursed soldiers" as a key memory symbol, and how it has been used to construct a narrow and exclusionary vision of Polish identity framed in terms of Catholicism, national culture, and traditional family values. Groundbreaking in its approach and combining top-down study with reception analysis, the book builds on the theory of hegemony, adding emotional dimensions to the understanding of memory politics and nationalism. It provides a detailed case study of Polish memory politics since 2015, when the Law and Justice Party (PiS) came to power, and offers insights into how historical memory is used to mobilise support within nationalist and populist movements. Through a range of data including interviews, participant observation, and analysis of various media, it presents a semiotic and emotional map of how these memory symbols are received and experienced in Polish society. The focus on Podlasie, a region with significant Belarusian population and a history of post-war partisan conflicts, highlights the complex interplay of memory, identity, and politics in contemporary Poland. This work is intended for a broad audience, including undergraduates, postgraduates, scholars, and non-specialist readers such as booksellers or librarians.

Under the Ancien Régime, fairs and the games they attracted were held throughout France, varying in duration and prestige according to the importance of the towns concerned. This book analyses the expression and deployment of this fairground activity, including the peregrinations of the fairgoers themselves over a span of almost two centuries. Sous l’Ancien régime, les foires, et les jeux qu’elles attirent, sont présentes dans toute la France, d’une durée et d’un prestige variables selon l’importance des villes. Le présent ouvrage analyse l’expression et le déploiement de cette activité foraine en incluant les pérégrinations des forains eux-mêmes sur un empan de près de deux siècles.

Shredding the Map investigates Russian place consciousness in the decade between the start of World War I and the end of the Russian civil war. Attachment to place is a vital aspect of human identity, and connection to homeland, whether imagined or real, can be especially powerful. Drawing from a large digital database of period literature, Shredding the Map investigates the metamorphic changes in how Russians related to places–whether abstractions like “country” or concrete spaces of borders, fronts, and edgelands–during these years. An innovative, digitally-aided study of Russia’s “imagined geography” during the early decades of the twentieth century, Shredding the Map uncovers vying emotional patterns and responses to Russian ideas of place, some familiar and some quite new. The book includes new visualizations that connect otherwise invisible networks of shared place, feeling, and perception among dozens of writers in order to trace patterns of geospatial identity. A scholarly companion to the “Mapping Imagined Geographies of Revolutionary Russia” website and database, this book offers an innovative analysis of place and identity beyond the centers of power, enhancing our perceptions of Russia and encouraging debate about the possibilities for digital humanities and literary analysis.

Ukrainian-born Yankev Leshchinsky (1876-1966) was the leading scholarly and journalistic analyst of Eastern European Jewish socioeconomic and political life from the 1920s to the 1950s. Known as “the dean of Jewish sociologists” and “the father of Jewish demography,” Leshchinsky published a series of insightful and moving essays in Yiddish on Polish Jewry between 1927 and 1937. Despite heightened interest in interwar Jewish communities in Poland in recent years, these essays (like most of Leshchinsky’s works) have never been translated into English. The Last Years of Polish Jewry helps to rectify this situation by translating some of Leshchinsky’s key essays. A thoughtful Introduction by Robert Brym provides the context of the author’s life and work. The essays in this volume, based on years of research and first-hand observation, focus on the period 1935-37. The rise of militant Polish nationalism and the ensuing anti-Jewish boycotts and pogroms; the increasing exclusion of Jews from government employment and the universities; the destitution, hunger, suicide, and efforts to emigrate that characterized Jewish life; the psychological toll taken by mass uncertainty and hopelessness—all this falls within the author’s ambit. Few works in English have the range and depth of Leshchinsky’s essays on the last years of the three million Polish Jews who were to perish at the hand of the Nazi regime. This book will be of interest to researchers and students of Eastern European history and society, especially those with an interest in Eastern Europe’s Jewish communities on the brink of the Holocaust.

An Open Access edition of this book is available on the Liverpool University Press website and the OAPEN library as part of the Opening the Future project with COPIM. This book examines three expeditions by the Spanish to the borders of Charcas, a district that covers present-day Bolivia and the northwest of Argentina, in the second half of the sixteenth century, using an approach that has not been attempted until now. Scholarship on these events has framed them as part of a gradual top-down process of centralisation driven by the Crown to extend its power and build a colonial ‘state’ in the Americas. This book challenges that view, approaching the expeditions through an analysis of the political culture that underpinned them. It explores the events within the process of installation and consolidation of royal jurisdiction, understood here as the authority to establish law and deliver justice, in a remote area. This was a process achieved through coercion and violence, as well as negotiation and consensus, that involved both the Spanish and indigenous peoples, and that frequently created overlapping jurisdictions, via downscaling of politics and dispersal of power. Jurisdictional politics were decided and settled in battlefields and courts and involved the theatricalization of power, to make a distant monarch present, which, paradoxically, made such absence the more evident. The book is an invitation to re-dimension the scope of Spain’s empire.

Following the imposition of Habsburg rule on Ottoman Bosnia in 1878, a new garrison was constructed in the old citadel of Trebinje. By using a micro-historical approach, this innovative book tells the story of the garrison in times of peace and war, describing the way in which the Austro-Hungarian administration rapidly transformed Trebinje into a tree-lined city dominated by the army. Yet, the Habsburg ""civilizing mission,"" marked by the building of hospitals, schools, roads, and railways was accompanied by ruthless violence against those who resisted the new foreign occupiers, especially after 1914. The tragic violence is described in the book alongside accounts of daily life. By personalizing historical events, the narrative reveals the perspective of people who found themselves in Trebinje and its garrison complex: the ordinary soldier, the condemned “insurgent,” the career officer, the cook, the shepherdess, the hotelier, or the journalist—all willing or unwilling participants in an extra-European style colonial project in the heart of Europe.

Engaging with previously overlooked diaries by women in Ireland, written between 1760 and 1810, this book opens new avenues concerning authorship and female agency, transforming our understanding of women’s contributions to both literature and culture. The result of extensive archival research across multiple international archives, this book presents an entirely new corpus that demonstrates the creativity and literary capabilities of women in this period. The surviving diaries showcase these women’s engagement with a form that allowed them to explore their subjectivity and to experiment with the presentation of self. This book demonstrates how these ‘bagatelles’ should be treated as literary works that were shaped by, and in turn influenced, wider cultures of reading and writing, underlining the generic fluidity at play. The diary form forces a dismantling of the neat binaries of public and private, of imaginative and non-imaginative prose writing, complicating our understandings of each. The content of these diaries prompts a re-evaluation of the very contours of Irish writing and what we consider as literature, while allowing us to rediscover the importance of manuscripts to our explorations of literary culture.

Fünfzig Jahre nach der Nelkenrevolution blickt Portugal auf einen umfassenden Transformationsprozess zurück. Was hat sich verändert? Inwiefern steht die politische, soziale, wirtschaftliche und kulturelle Konfiguration des Landes in direktem Zusammenhang mit dem 25. April 1974 und den zwei revolutionären Jahren danach? Und wie gestaltete sich Portugals Neuverortung? Die Beiträger*innen antworten aus verschiedenen Blickwinkeln und fokussieren sich dabei auf die Rolle von Theater, Literatur, Musik und Film als Resonanzräume und Triebkräfte des Wandels.

Alfred the Great's early English kingdom was the only one to resist Viking conquest. His reform program strengthened the kingdom and enabled it to hold fast against the Vikings. But texts are largely silent on the process of reform. There has been a tendency to assume that these reforms would obviously be beneficial, but Alfred’s elites were not to know that in advance. What motivated them to do as their king bid them? This book analyzes how objects and behaviours shaped aristocratic response to the reform program, using assemblage theory and social practice theory. The Alfred Jewel (as shown on the cover) exercised a powerful persuasive agency in Alfredian reform. Broadening the frame of inquiry beyond textual evidence, giving objects and behaviours their due, permits a richer and more nuanced understanding.

This open access Palgrave Pivot explores four major aspects of globalization: foreign trade, capital and information flows, and the movement of people. The book examines how the state socialist countries of East Central Europe fit into the general trend of globalization after WWII. It focuses on three specific countries in the region: Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Hungary. The study also considers conceptual problems: whether recently introduced terms such as ‘alternative globalization’ and ‘socialist proto-globalization’ are plausible for interpreting state socialist globalization. Special attention is paid to the study of continuities and discontinuities in the process of globalization in East Central Europe, which is a key issue in current debates. This requires a long-term perspective, so the study covers not only the decades before 1989 but also subsequent developments. In doing so, the book attempts to find a balance between old and new mainstream interpretations: it recognises that East Central European societies experienced considerable globalization during the state socialist era; however, based on empirical findings, instead of ‘alternative’ or ‘proto-’ globalization, the book suggests other notions to conceptualise this process, including fragmentation, selectivity, and unevenness. Thus, the proposed understanding could also contribute to discussions on globalization beyond East Central Europe.

In this book, Makarychev and Medvedev examine the importance of biopolitics in fueling Russia’s confrontation with the West. In their view, the development of Putin’s illiberal authoritarianism was largely triggered by what they call a biopolitical turn. This shift is exemplified by the use of an increasing number of regulatory mechanisms to discipline and constrain the human body. Such political practices concern issues of sexuality, reproductive behavior, adoption, fertility, family planning, public hygiene, and demography. This turn created a new disciplinary framework for the population and the elite. Bans and restrictions of a biopolitical nature, became one of the main tools for articulating the rules of belonging in the political community and drawing its political boundaries. Biopolitical discourses have taken up the core of the Russian identity formation, which contrasts a positive “conservative Russia” with a supposedly vicious “liberal West.” The presentation of the political genealogy of the body-centric structures of power and hegemony in Russia implies their transformation from bio- to necropolitics. Necropolitical (repressive and life-depriving) components are inscribed in the biopolitical regimes of power: they form the core of Putin’s rule over Russia and are a key factor behind the war against Ukraine.

Wie gehen Gesellschaften in Krisenzeiten mit kultureller Vielfalt um und auf welcher Wissensbasis werden Grenzziehungsprozesse in der Bevölkerung vollzogen? Daniela Simon zeichnet die konfliktreiche Entstehung und Umsetzung von Bevölkerungskategorien in politische Praxis anhand der Geschichte der Halbinsel Istrien in der späten Habsburgermonarchie nach. Dort entstand der Begriff des kulturellen »Hibridismus«, der Uneindeutigkeiten in der Kategorisierung der Bevölkerung bezeichnete, aber auch der Legitimierung von Gruppenzugehörigkeiten auf der Basis von Hybridität diente. Das »Modell Istrien« dient so als Blaupause für andere soziale Ordnungen, um Praktiken und Modi des Zusammenlebens in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart zu analysieren.

As the 20th century dawned, authors, artists, and filmmakers flocked to cities like Paris and Berlin for a chance to experience a bustling urban life and engage with other artists and intellectuals. Among them were German-speaking authors and filmmakers such as Harry Graf Kessler, Rainer Maria Rilke, August Endell, Alfred Döblin, Else Lasker-Schüler, Segundo de Chomón, and the brothers Max and Emil Skladanowsky. In their writing and artistic work from that period, they depicted the perpetual influx of stimuli caused by urban life—including hordes of pedestrians, bustling traffic, and a barrage of advertisements—as well as how these encounters repeatedly paralleled their experiences of watching early twentieth-century dance performances by Loïe Fuller, Ruth St. Denis, and Vaslav Nijinsky. The convergence these writers and filmmakers saw between the unexpected encounters during their urban strolls and experimental dance performances led to writings that interwove the two motifs. Drawing on cultural, literary, dance, performance, and queer studies, Dancing with the Modernist City analyzes an array of material from 1896 to 1914—essays, novels, short stories, poetry, newspaper articles, photographs, posters, drawings, and early film. It argues that these writers and artists created a genre called the metropolitan dance text, which depicts dancing figures not on a traditional stage, but with the streets, advertising pillars, theaters, cafes, squares, and even hospitals of an urban setting. Breaking away from the historically male, heteronormative view, this posthumanist mode of writing highlights the visual and episodic unexpectedness of urban encounters. These literary depictions question traditional conceptualizations of space and performance by making the protagonist and the reader feel like they embody the dancer and the movement. In doing so, they upset the conventional depictions of performance and urban spaces in ways paralleling modern dance.

This book explores the practice of non-territorial autonomy, a concept based on collective rights and used to address national diversity within a single state. It examines its strands of development and the processes of transfer in the Habsburg monarchy and Russia, connecting them to processes in the interwar period. The flexible instrument was able to adapt to different political and ideological frameworks.

This collective volume looks at European psychiatry in the second half of the twentieth century through a variety of practices that were experienced and routinised in the mental health field after World War II. Case studies from across Europe allow one to appreciate how new ‘ways of doing’ contributed to transform the field, beyond the watchwords of deinstitutionalisation, the introduction of neuroleptics, centrality of patients, humanisation of spaces and overcoming of asylum-era habits. Through a variety of sources and often adopting a small-scale perspective, the chapters closely examine the way new practices took shape and how they installed themselves, eventually facing resistance, injecting new purposes and contributing to enlarging psychiatry’s fields of expertise, therefore blurring its once-more-defined boundaries. The book has four sections: visions, experimentation, reflections and crossing boundaries. The first focuses on experiences that were viewed, lived and narrated by the protagonists as unique and utopian. This character of novelty is also questioned through the patient’s perspective. The following section focuses on some cases whose protagonists were aware that they were trialling new ways of doing. Although these did not necessarily become mainstream, new frameworks of therapeutic intervention were shaped, and feebler protocolar procedures and eclectic appropriations were allowed for. The third section shows how the actors were called to reflect on practices and give them meaning, adopting a reflective habit that questioned the very role of each protagonist of the therapeutic scene. The last section analyses how psychiatry entered fields of expertise other than those usually assumed.

This anthology is about the representations and uses of medieval saints, heroes, and heroic events as elements of popular, local, and national culture during the 19th and 20th centuries in the Baltic Sea region: Scandinavia, Finland, Baltic countries, Northern Germany and North-Western Russia. Authors examine the processes of how medieval saints and heroes have been remembered, commemorated, interpreted, used, and reflected during modernity.

Over the course of the 19th century, European societies started thinking of themselves as “civilisations of work.” In the wake of the political and industrial revolutions, labour as a human activity and condition gradually came to embody a general principle of order, progress, and governance. How did work become so central to our systems of citizenship and social recognition? The book addresses this question by considering the French context in the long transition between the 1789 and 1848 revolutions and focusing on a specific “fragment” of history in the early 1830s marked by a pandemic crisis and the first consequences of industrialisation. It combines the analysis of both political institutions and social movements to retrace the rise of a labour-based social contract revolving around the “citizen-worker” as the quintessential subject of rights. The first part of the book highlights the role played by the genesis of the modern social sciences and analyses it as a political process that established work as an “object” of governance and scientific investigation, thus fostering pioneering measures of welfare centred on work conditions. The second part focuses on the emergence of the concept of “working class” and the modern labour movement, which structured the world of work as a collective political “subject. Chapter 2 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license

Over the course of the 19th century, European societies started thinking of themselves as “civilisations of work.” In the wake of the political and industrial revolutions, labour as a human activity and condition gradually came to embody a general principle of order, progress, and governance. How did work become so central to our systems of citizenship and social recognition? The book addresses this question by considering the French context in the long transition between the 1789 and 1848 revolutions and focusing on a specific “fragment” of history in the early 1830s marked by a pandemic crisis and the first consequences of industrialisation. It combines the analysis of both political institutions and social movements to retrace the rise of a labour-based social contract revolving around the “citizen-worker” as the quintessential subject of rights. The first part of the book highlights the role played by the genesis of the modern social sciences and analyses it as a political process that established work as an “object” of governance and scientific investigation, thus fostering pioneering measures of welfare centred on work conditions. The second part focuses on the emergence of the concept of “working class” and the modern labour movement, which structured the world of work as a collective political “subject. Chapter 2 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license

The autonomy granted to local communities by central powers is a recurrent feature of European history over time. The density of population in urban settlements facilitates human communication, however, towns are also zones of conflict. Who brings order into the urban chaos? In Europe, alongside the principle of centralized government, the delegation of power stimulated the development of polycentric and multilevel governmental structures.

Rosa Luxemburg was a critical thinker and author of many political and social reflections which to readers of today seem quite up to date. Particularly in the Global South, there seems to exist a stronger interest in Luxemburg’s work today, which is not surprising at all, considering that many problems she thought about are still existent – especially there. The participants of the International Rosa Luxemburg Conference in Bodø, Norway, in March 2023, discussed her role in the 21st century in quite some detail. The present anthology contains the conference’s extended proceedings and particularly focuses on two important elements in regard to Luxemburg: Her role for and within the global ›periphery‹ and her ›perception‹ in relation to other intellectuals, social democracy or the political left in a broader sense of the spectrum.

This history of the Leipzig Book Fair examines the socialist showcase, the motor of the centrally planned book trade, censorship, and Stasi surveillance, but also the theft of books from Western publishers. It shows how Leipzig, due to the presence of delegates from the West German media and publishing houses, became a central site of German-German encounter and literary exchange during the Cold War.

Christian Petter Löwe, a Jewish convert to Lutheranism, published Speculum Religionis Judaicæ (Mirror of the Jewish Religion) in 1732. Jonathan Adams (University of Gothenburg) introduces the background to Löwe’s "mirror" and presents the original Swedish text alongside an annotated English translation. It shows how Christian ethnographical writing about Jewish ceremonies arrived in Sweden long before Judereglementet of 1782.

In the past, Berlin flourished as a capital city, not so much due to the subsidies provided by Prussia and the empire but because these regimes understood and utilized it as a capital city. It became an imperial city and then a legendary European metropolis in a rather indirect way. This volume examines the relationship between capital city and state, as well as the independent role that Berlin had as a flourishing center of business and finance.

This book explores the history and development of animal industries in Nordic countries from their establishment in the late nineteenth century to the present day. It charts the manner in which the value of an animal has primarily come to be understood in commercial terms as a commodity and examines how the scale of this industry threatens the sustainability of the entire planet.

This collective work is devoted to the fight against the plague along the French coast between 1680 and 1760. It aims to analyze how sustained vigilance on an individual and collective level was used to the advantage of public health, which had become a prominent concern for the French monarchy at that juncture.

These seven studies analyze interpretations of ancient Jewish history by prominent Jewish scholars in the German world in the 19th and 20th centuries. Although focusing on diverse figures and episodes, they all argue that these scholars’ views on the Jews’ responses to Hellenistic and Roman rule, while built upon the ancient sources, were nurtured by contemporary notions concerning the options available to Jews living in a non-Jewish world.

In the 20th century, Germany experienced two dictatorships, the Third Reich and the GDR, which continue to shape the Federal Republic to this day. Nevertheless, the post-war perspective of the leading actors in both regimes, in contrast to that of the victims, generals, writers or scientists, has received little attention in historical research. For the first time, Hans-Ulrich Danner evaluates all the autobiographies of the most important party officials of the NSDAP and SED in a comparative study. The processing strategies, the criticism of the system and ideology, the explanations for the failure and the classification of the authors' own role are examined. The summary analyzes of each memoirist and the cross-system typology are the main result of the work. Both similarities and differences in how the Nazi and SED authors came to terms with the past are shown. The book is important for science precisely because of the historical and political relevance of the previously unexplored topic. The interested reader in particular is offered a new perspective on the German experience of dictatorship through the focus on the regime's officials.

This detailed study of eighty European journeys examines the everyday spatial concerns of nineteenth-century travelers, with a focus on travelers from the Netherlands and North Sea region. From common soldiers in revolutionary Belgium to guests of the tsars in Russia, many of their travel accounts are here examined for the first time. Chapters analyze the different meanings of the home and homeliness; travelers’ desires for socializing but equally their intricate privacy norms; their intense attachment to cleanliness, order, space, and light; and the discomforts of cold, hot, wet, hard, and cramped spaces. Author Anna P.H. Geurts details what spatial characteristics travelers valued, what measures they took to ensure them, and what sensations, emotions, and thoughts this resulted in. Geurts’s careful attention to gender, class, and individual experience turns existing conceptions of industrial modernity on their head. From Napoleonic stagecoaches and sailing-boats to the steam-powered journeys of the belle époque, the continuities in travel experiences are surprising, as are the commonalities between travelers of different social classes and genders. Significant shifts in their spatial micropolitics should be sought less in the world of administration and industrial machinery, and more in travelers’ increasingly flexible and egalitarian mindset and changing economic relations. This book will be of value to students and researchers of cultural history as well as contemporary planning and design.

This detailed study of eighty European journeys examines the everyday spatial concerns of nineteenth-century travelers, with a focus on travelers from the Netherlands and North Sea region. From common soldiers in revolutionary Belgium to guests of the tsars in Russia, many of their travel accounts are here examined for the first time. Chapters analyze the different meanings of the home and homeliness; travelers’ desires for socializing but equally their intricate privacy norms; their intense attachment to cleanliness, order, space, and light; and the discomforts of cold, hot, wet, hard, and cramped spaces. Author Anna P.H. Geurts details what spatial characteristics travelers valued, what measures they took to ensure them, and what sensations, emotions, and thoughts this resulted in. Geurts’s careful attention to gender, class, and individual experience turns existing conceptions of industrial modernity on their head. From Napoleonic stagecoaches and sailing-boats to the steam-powered journeys of the belle époque, the continuities in travel experiences are surprising, as are the commonalities between travelers of different social classes and genders. Significant shifts in their spatial micropolitics should be sought less in the world of administration and industrial machinery, and more in travelers’ increasingly flexible and egalitarian mindset and changing economic relations. This book will be of value to students and researchers of cultural history as well as contemporary planning and design.

Long neglected in the history of Renaissance and early modern Europe, in recent years scholars have revised received understanding of the political and economic significance of the city of Naples and its rich artistic, musical and political culture. Its importance in the history of science, however, has remained relatively unknown. * The Science of Naples* provides the first dedicated study of Neapolitan scientific culture in the English language. Drawing on contributions from leading experts in the field, this volume presents a series of studies that demonstrate Neapolitans’ manifold contributions to European scientific culture in the early modern period and considers the importance of the city, its institutions and surrounding territories for the production of new knowledge. Individual chapters demonstrate the extent to which Neapolitan scholars and academies contributed to debates within the Republic of Letters that continued until deep into the nineteenth century. They also show how studies of Neapolitan natural disasters yielded unique insights that contributed to the development of fields such as medicine and earth sciences. Taken together, these studies resituate the city of Naples as an integral part of an increasingly globalised scientific culture, and present a rich and engaging portrait of the individuals who lived, worked and made scientific knowledge there.

L’Institut d’études européennes de l’ULB a soixante ans, ce qui en fait l’un des plus anciens du continent. Entre 1964 et 2024, l’Europe a bien changé, et avec elle les manières de l’enseigner, de l’étudier et d’en débattre. Pour célébrer cet anniversaire, le choix a été fait de ne pas se contenter d’une commémoration, mais de réfléchir à l’avenir en s’appuyant sur notre histoire. Cet ouvrage en constitue la trace écrite.

Between the mid-1840s and the Franco-Prussian War of 1870/71, the spa town of Baden-Baden emerged as Europe's leading fashion destination and a significant intercultural hub. On both sides of the Rhine, the city gained a reputation as a “French colony” and a “branch of Paris”, albeit with varying connotations. Eva Zimmermann delves into the development of this unique site of German-French cultural relations amidst the dynamics of cosmopolitanism and growing nationalism. She analyzes the diverse factors that contributed to the emergence of the “Summer Capital of Europe” and identifies phenomena and limitations of exchange and cultural transfers that shaped the entire spa experience., Entre le milieu des années 1840 et la guerre franco-prussienne de 1870–1871, la ville thermale de Baden-Baden s’est imposée comme la première destination à la mode en Europe et comme un carrefour interculturel majeur. L’influence française particulièrement marquée a valu à la ville, des deux côtés du Rhin, la réputation de » colonie française « et de » filiale de Paris «, même si cela a été interprété de manières différentes. Eva Zimmermann se penche sur l’évolution de ce lieu unique quant aux relations culturelles franco-allemandes dans un contexte de tensions entre cosmopolitisme et nationalisme croissant. Elle analyse les multiples facteurs qui ont contribué à l’émergence de la »capitale d’été de l’Europe« et identifie les phénomènes et les limites des échanges et des transferts culturels qui ont façonné l’ensemble de l’expérience thermale., Zwischen Mitte der 1840-Jahre und dem Deutsch-Französischen Krieg von 1870/71 avancierte der Kurort Baden-Baden zum führenden Modebad Europas und zu einem bedeutenden interkulturellen Zentrum. Der ausgeprägte französische Einfluss brachte der Stadt auf beiden Seiten des Rheins den Ruf einer »französischen Kolonie« und einer »Filiale von Paris« ein, wobei dies unterschiedlich interpretiert wurde. Eva Zimmermann geht der Entwicklung dieses einzigartigen Ortes der deutsch-französischen Kulturbeziehungen im Spannungsfeld zwischen Kosmopolitismus und erstarkendem Nationalismus nach. Sie analysiert die vielfältigen Faktoren, die zur Entstehung der »Sommerhauptstadt Europas« beitrugen, und identifiziert Phänomene und Grenzen des Austauschs und Kulturtransfers, welche die gesamte Bäderkultur prägten.

The title 'Medieval urban history/stories' evokes the dual meaning of the word as an event and as a narrative. On the one hand, it is about the event itself, and on the other, about what is reported and narrated about this event, i.e. urban historiography and the literature produced in the city. This anthology brings together contributions that examine the representation of the city in literature, art and historiography as well as a specifically urban culture in the Middle Ages and early modern period. To this end, sources are selected from the extensive corpus in which topography and institutions, buildings and inhabitants are explicitly addressed and become the subject of narration, praise and historical representation. The aim is to combine older approaches to social history with more recent ones, such as imagological approaches., Der Titel ‚Mittelalterliche Stadtgeschichte(n)‘ evoziert die zweifache Bedeutung des Wortes ‚Stadtgeschichte(n)‘ als Ereignis und als Erzählung. Zum einen geht es um das Geschehen an sich, zum anderen um das über dieses Geschehen Berichtete und Erzählte, also die Stadtgeschichtsschreibung sowie die in der Stadt produzierte Literatur. Der Sammelband vereint Beiträge, die nach der Repräsentation der Stadt in Literatur, Kunst und Historiografie sowie nach einer spezifisch städtischen Kultur in Mittelalter und Früher Neuzeit fragen. Dazu werden aus dem umfassenden Corpus solche Quellen herausgegriffen, in denen Topografie und Institutionen, Bauten und Bewohner explizit zur Sprache kommen und zum Gegenstand der Erzählung, des Lobs und der Geschichtsdarstellung werden. Ziel ist es, ältere Ansätze der Sozialgeschichte mit jüngeren, wie etwa imagologischen Ansätzen zu verbinden.

What is the relationship between Greek antiquity and today's world? What is the connection between the academic analyses of a researcher, his convictions and his life as a citizen? Between a reflection on the way in which the characters of Homer and Greek tragedy make decisions at crucial moments, and the engagement of intellectuals during the Second World War in France and Germany? Between Bruno Snell, a German Greek scholar steeped in Winckelmannian idealism and a scientific practice inherited from Wilamowitz, and Jean-Pierre Vernant, a French Marxist anthropologist and philosopher? This book shows in nuance how these seemingly distant fields meet, reflect and respond to each other., Welche Verbindung gibt es zwischen der griechischen Antike und der Welt von heute? Zwischen den wissenschaftlichen Analysen eines Forschers, seinen Überzeugungen und seinem Leben als Bürger? Zwischen der philologischen Reflexion darüber, wie Figuren bei Homer und in der griechischen Tragödie Entscheidungen treffen, und dem Engagement von Intellektuellen während des Zweiten Weltkriegs in Frankreich und Deutschland? Zwischen dem deutschen Philologen Bruno Snell, der vom Winckelmann‘schen Idealismus und einer von Wilamowitz geerbten wissenschaftlichen Praxis geprägt war, und Jean-Pierre Vernant, einem französischen Philosophen und Anthropologen mit marxistischen Ansichten? Dieses Buch zeigt auf nuancierte Weise, wie diese scheinbar weit voneinander entfernten Bereiche und Personen sich begegnen., Quel rapport entre l’Antiquité grecque et le monde d’aujourd’hui? Quelles relations entre les analyses académiques d’un chercheur, ses convictions et sa vie dans la cité? Entre une réflexion sur la manière dont les personnages d’Homère et de la tragédie grecque, perçus comme parangons de l’»homme grec«, prennent des décisions à des moments cruciaux et l’engagement d’intellectuels pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale en France et en Allemagne? Entre Bruno Snell, philologue allemand, nourri d’idéalisme winckelmannien et d’une pratique scientifique héritée de Wilamowitz, et Jean-Pierre Vernant, philosophe et anthropologue marxiste français? Ce livre montre en nuances comment ces domaines et ces personnes qui semblent éloignés les uns des autres se rencontrent, se reflètent et se répondent.

This book is a sociocultural history of young people’s sexuality in Britain from the 1960s to the 1990s, using the Brook Advisory Centre (Brook) as a case study. The book examines how and why cultural and social norms about young people’s sexuality changed over a period that has traditionally been associated with growing ‘permissiveness’ and sexual liberation. It does so by focusing on a pioneering sexual health charity operating on the cusp of voluntary and state-financed sectors. From the opening of its first centre in London—followed by other centres including Birmingham (1966), Bristol (1968), and Edinburgh (1968)—to the present day, Brook has been a major provider of contraceptive advice and sexual counselling to unmarried people and teenagers. Brook pioneered an initiative that would form the primary model for the provision of advice on contraception for teenagers in Britain. To this day, the charity remains a key player in sexual health services. Although Brook has provoked fierce opposition and triggered recurrent public debates on teenage sexuality, little is known of its history. As a non-governmental organization, Brook offers a fascinating case study to explore the relationship between changing sexual cultures, sexual politics, and young people’s sexual experiences, intimacy, and subjectivities. Drawing on a wide range of archived and published materials, as well as oral history interviews conducted by the author, this book provides a substantial and original contribution to scholarship on the forging of the modern sexual subject.

Nations Apart tells a provocative new story about Nazi occupation of the Czech Lands during World War II. The dismemberment of Czechoslovakia after the 1938 Munich Agreement is typically recalled in Czech historical memory as the beginning of a period of humiliation, occupation, and resistance. Against this narrative of victimhood, this monograph argues that the Nazi Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia witnessed the unexpected expansion of the Czech welfare state, contributing in turn to the stability of Nazi governance. Local nationalisms played a huge role in this process. Through extensive research in Czech, German and Swiss archives, Nations Apart demonstrates that ethnically exclusive Czech national ideology dominated politics and everyday life after Munich and during Nazi rule. Illustrating similarities between the wartime ‘Protectorate’ and the occupation regimes in Western Europe, the monograph sheds new light on occupied societies during WWII and on the origins of welfare states in post-war Europe.

Famines and the Making of Heritage is the first book to bring together groundbreaking research on the role of European famines in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries in relation to heritage making, museology, commemoration, education, and monument creation. Featuring contributions from famine experts across Europe and North America, the volume adopts a pioneering transnational perspective, and discusses issues such as contestable and repressed heritage, materiality, dark tourism, education on famines, oral history, multidirectional memory, and visceral empathy. Questioning why educational curricula and practices in schools and on heritage sites are region- or nation-oriented or transnational, chapters also consider whether they emphasise conflict or mutual understanding. Contributions also consider how present issues of European concern – such as globalisation, commodification, human rights, poverty, and migration – intersect with the heritage and memory of modern European famines. Lastly, the book considers what role emigrant and diasporic communities within and outside Europe play in the development of famine heritage and educational practices – and whether famine heritage is accessible to them. Famines and the Making of Heritage provides a crucial resource for museum and heritage scholars, students and professionals working on or with difficult or dark heritages, as well as those interested in the study of famines and legacies of troubled pasts.

This open access book explores how medieval societies conversed about the city and citizen in texts, visual imagery and material culture. It adopts a long-term, interdisciplinary, and cross-cultural perspective, bringing together contributions on the early, high, and later Middle Ages, covering both the medieval East and West, and representing a wide variety of disciplinary angles and sources. The volume is first and foremost about medieval perceptions and their articulation in text, image and material form. The principal focus is not on cities or citizenship per se, but on those who used such concepts, wrote about them, and visualized and depicted them. At the same time, the book seeks to address why the city remained such a salient concept also in non-urban contexts – the periphery, the desert, the monastery – and how medieval thinking on the ideal city and civic community could involve denunciation of the earthly city and its institutional trappings. It thus pushes scholarly boundaries, but also seeks to escape deeply entrenched notions of citizenship as either a form of political participation or legal status.

This book concentrates on the political economies of Germany and France in the period spanning between the end of the Second World War and the 1970s, with a subsequent consideration of Italy and Britain as ‘shadow cases’. European postwar accounts have never reconciled the thwarting of widespread aspirations to socialism, and the twin feat of equalitarian growth and institutional stability. This success is precisely due to achieving the reconciliation of democracy and economic management, the yearning for collective control over social and material outcomes that was tragically aborted in the interwar period, and fed 1945 expectations. Germany, in 1948–49, and France, in 1958, carried radical institutional and policy reforms with much more in common than previously realised. Under the recast republics, social groups were steered towards support for modernisation – by the state, not through a mythical settlement. Consensus was built for trade and low inflation as vectors for higher productivity. State capacity was lifted by leadership in ideas, executive branch accountability to voters, and technocratic agencies. British and Italian underperformances reveal the countries’ uneasiness with the compact. Once understood, the convergence of productivism and democracy in the European regulatory state provides a new narrative – especially relevant today – of experts taming populists.

This book explores the impact of right-wing political ideology on crime, the criminal justice system, and attitudes towards punishment in Britain. Grounded in a rigorous analysis of repeated cross-sectional surveys such as the British Social Attitudes Survey and the British Crime Survey, as well as individual-level cohort data such as the 1958 National Child Development Study and the 1970 British Cohort Study, it examines changes in long-term crime rates, criminal justice policies, and their integration with social and economic policies in Britain over four decades. It offers a detailed discussion of how radical social and economic changes affected the fear of crime and attitudes to punishment, and how well Thatcherite social and economic values were embedded in contemporary British society. Drawing on a wide literature across criminology, political science, sociology, and social policy, this book demonstrates how a thorough understanding of crime cannot take place without an examination of the wider social policies enacted, the life-courses of the individuals affected, and their communities and the political environment in which they live. It is essential reading for criminologists, sociologists, political philosophers, and social theorists alike since it combines thinking from political sciences, life-courses theories, and detailed analyses of the outcomes of social policy change. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons [Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY)] 4.0 license.

In the 1830s, decades before Darwin published the Origin of Species, a museum of evolution flourished in London. Reign of the Beast pieces together the extraordinary story of this lost working-man's institution and its enigmatic owner, the wine merchant W. D. Saull. A financial backer of the anti-clerical Richard Carlile, the ‘Devil's Chaplain’ Robert Taylor, and socialist Robert Owen, Saull outraged polite society by putting humanity’s ape ancestry on display. He weaponized his museum fossils and empowered artisans with a knowledge of deep geological time that undermined the Creationist base of the Anglican state. His geology museum, called the biggest in Britain, housed over 20,000 fossils, including famous dinosaurs. Saull was indicted for blasphemy and reviled during his lifetime. After his death in 1855, his museum was demolished and he was expunged from the collective memory. Now multi-award-winning author Adrian Desmond undertakes a thorough reading of Home Office spy reports and subversive street prints to re-establish Saull's pivotal place at the intersection of the history of geology, atheism, socialism, and working-class radicalism.

Through a skillful combination of economic and cultural history, this book describes the impact on Moldavia and Wallachia of steam navigation on the Danube. The Danube route integrated the two principalities into a dense network of European roads and waterways. From the 1830s to the 1860s, steamboat transport transformed time and space for the areas that benefited from regular services. River traffic accelerated urban development along the Lower Danube and contributed directly to institutional modernization in one of Europe’s peripheries. Beyond technological advances and the transportation of goods on a trans-imperial waterway, steamboat travel revolutionized human interactions, too. The book offers a fascinating insight into the social and cultural milieu of the nineteenth century, drawing on first-hand accounts of Danube cruising. Describing the story of travelers who interacted, met, and visited the places they stopped, Constantin Ardeleanu creates a transnational history of travel up and down the Danube from Vienna to Constantinople. The pleasures and sometimes the travails of the travelers unfold against a backdrop of technical and economic transformation in the crucial period of modernization.