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SimDec is a revolution in decision-making support. SimDec “teases out” inherent cause-and-effect relationships and reveals the intricacy of relationships between sets of input and output variables. At its core, SimDec is an amalgamation of uncertainty and global sensitivity analysis with an innovative visualization technique. While straightforward and elegant, this novel approach significantly enhances the analytical capabilities of users by readily exposing seemingly, a priori, counterintuitive behaviours so that they can be readily understood by both technical specialists and non-technical users alike. This book is the first to articulate the ubiquitous applicability of SimDec and has been written by the leading proponents of the technique. The book provides the necessary background to fully understand the underlying approach and then demonstrates its applicability to a wide spectrum of fields, such as finance, entrepreneurship, energy, 3D manufacturing, geology, the environment, engineering, public policy, and even superconducting magnets. To facilitate as widespread adoption and penetration of SimDec as possible, all supporting computer codes are available, open-source, in Python, Julia, R, and Matlab. The innovative material will be of primary benefit to practitioners and researchers analyzing data from the social sciences, business, science, engineering, mathematics, and computing. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons [Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND)] 4.0 license.

An Introduction to Quantitative Text Analysis for Linguistics: Reproducible Research Using R is a pragmatic textbook that equips students and researchers with the essential concepts and practical programming skills needed to conduct quantitative text analysis in a reproducible manner. Designed for undergraduate students and those new to the field, this book assumes no prior experience with statistics or programming, making it an accessible resource for anyone embarking on their journey into quantitative text analysis. Through a pedagogical approach which emphasizes intuitive understanding over technical details, readers will gain data literacy by learning to identify, interpret, and evaluate data analysis procedures and results. They will also develop research skills, enabling them to design, implement, and communicate quantitative text analysis projects effectively. The book places a strong emphasis on programming skills, guiding readers through interactive lessons, tutorials, and lab activities using the R programming language and real-world datasets. This practical textbook is enriched with features that facilitate learning, including thought and practical exercises, a companion website that includes programming demonstrations to develop and augment readers’ recognition of how programming strategies are implemented, and a GitHub repository that contains both a set of interactive R programming lessons and lab exercises, which guide readers through practical hands-on programming applications. This textbook is an essential companion to any linguist looking to learn how to incorporate quantitative data analysis into their work. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

Intersectional Feminist Research Methodologies: Applications in the Social Sciences and Humanities is a multi-disciplinary volume in which emerging and established scholars present new feminist research methods and re-evaluate existing approaches. This collection examines how both new and established feminist methods address intersecting identities and structures of inequality including gender, race, sexuality, and class. Each chapter provides a case study of a methodology or methodologies that have been adopted, developed, or adapted within the author's field – including sociology, criminology, political science, history, literature, and performance studies. The volume articulates the importance of knowledge production that arises from the situated and lived experiences of individuals, groups, and communities. It discusses how we survive as feminists in today’s neoliberal universities, and includes research on trans and nonbinary people, Indonesian history and the #MeToo movement, world-literature from the Philippines, memory work, and crime on the London transport network. The contributors engage with intersectionality in different ways but collectively they demonstrate the pervasiveness of intersectional thinking and practice in feminist scholarship today. Intersectional Feminist Research Methodologies will be of value to both undergraduate and graduate students conducting research, as well as doctoral researchers and more established feminist researchers.

This edited volume tackles the theoretical, empirical and methodological questions of how novelty can be determined in and through educational ethnographic research. Responding to the increasing need for new and innovative methodological and theoretical foundations for the field, chapters draw on a variety of empirical, critically examined data sets such as observation protocols of pedagogical practice, digital communication and visual representations to bridge the gap between empirical and theoretical approaches, ultimately combining different traditions and discourses within educational ethnography. Collating perspectives and accounts from over 30 authors based in European centers of excellence such as Germany, the Czech Republic, Switzerland, Italy, Austria and Denmark, the book provides an epistemological reflection on what we can understand as ‘new’ in theoretical and methodological research. This volume will be of use to researchers, academics and postgraduate students involved with research methods in education, ethnography and the theory of education more broadly. Those involved with research design, innovation and European research methods will also find the volume of use. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license. Any third party material in this book is not included in the OA Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. Please direct any permissions enquiries to the original rightsholder. We would like to thank the Europa-Universität Flensburg, the Fördergesellschaft der Uni Flensburg e.v. and the Research Centre for Education, Teaching, School and Socialization for financial support.

Everyday Silence and the Holocaust examines Irene Levin’s experiences of her family’s unspoken history of the Holocaust and the silence that surrounded their war experiences as non-topics. A central example of what C. Wright Mills considered the core of sociology – the intersection of biography and history – the book covers the process by which the author came to understand that notes found in her mother’s apartment following her death were not unimportant scribbles, but in fact contained elements of her mother’s biographical narrative, recording her parents’ escape from occupied Norway to unoccupied Sweden in late 1942. From the mid-1990s, when society began to open up about the atrocities committed against the Jews, so too did the author find that her mother and the wider Jewish population ceased to be silent about their war experiences and began to talk. Charting the process by which the author traced the family’s broader history, this book explores the use of silence, whether in the family or in society more widely, as a powerful analytic tool and examines how these silences can intertwine. This book provides insight into social processes often viewed through a macro-historical lens by way of analysis of the life of an ""ordinary"" Jewish woman as a survivor. An engaging, grounded study of the biographical method in sociology and the role played by silence, this book will appeal to readers with an interest in the Holocaust and World War II, as well as in social scientific research methods. It will be of use to both undergraduate and postgraduate scholars in the fields of history, social science, psychology, philosophy, and the history of ideas.

This publication formulates a comprehensive picture of children's expression of empathy, while also developing a complex mixed-methods design. The study focusses on the linguistic and communicative abilities of 22 children, aged three to seven years, some of whom exhibit language difficulties. Using videotaped interactions, patterns of empathic expression are analyzed at word level, sentence level and also at conversational level, potentially influencing factors are discussed. By integrating qualitative and quantitative perspectives, this study shows how children express empathy verbally, kinetically, prosodically, and vocally. The volume provides valuable insights into the role of language in emotionally charged interactive situations.

This volume explores how researchers made innovative use of online technologies to innovate, define, and transform research methodologies in light of the varying impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially those related to the ability to conduct qualitative research. The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a radical shift in the way that people all over the world were/have been able to live, work, study, and conduct their daily lives. Academics and other professionals who routinely engage in research were no exception. The sudden, continued, and uneven need for health mandates calling for physical distancing added a particular layer of complexity for those who used research methods that typically required face-to-face interactions. Continued technological developments associated with the Internet had already given rise to ongoing debates on innovative methodological thinking and practices. The COVID-19 pandemic has further accentuated how indispensable the internet has become for the private and public lives of those with access to it, including for their employment, education, leisure, and social interactions. For those fortunate enough to have access to them, communication software such as Zoom and Google Meet have also become indispensable digital resources for researchers seeking to continue conducting research during lockdowns and quarantines, and beyond. More than ever, researchers are finding it useful, even necessary, to equip themselves with online research tools in order to be able to continue conducting their fieldwork. Drawing on research and case studies from around the world, this volume serves as a guidebook for those interested in attuning their own research methods to a world still struggling to grapple with the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Digitale Schriftlichkeit verändert und durchdringt unseren Alltag: Jedem normalsprachlichen Text auf Bildschirmen unterliegt ein schreib- wie lesbarer Code. Die Fragen »Wer schreibt?« und »Wer liest?« wandeln sich in diesem Kontext zu »Wer programmiert?« und »Wer prozessiert?«. Die Beiträger*innen widmen sich diesem Phänomen und verstehen das Codieren als Praxis der Schriftlichkeit. Es zeigt sich: Die Digitalisierung formt Schreiben und Schrift in einer Art und Weise um, die weit über die unterschiedlichen semiotischen und symbolischen Ebenen von Code und Schrift hinausgeht.

Die transdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit stellt die Fächer Literaturwissenschaft und Informatik vor die Herausforderung, ihre Theoriebildungen und Modelle neu zu perspektivieren. Die Beiträger*innen dokumentieren exemplarisch die spannungsreiche Verschränkung von digitalen und klassischen Methoden, fachlichen Standards sowie unterschiedlichen Forschungsgegenständen der beiden höchst differenten Wissenschaftskulturen. Aus der Sicht beider Disziplinen eruieren sie die epistemologischen Mehrwerte digitaler Modellierung oder evaluieren Tools für die Analyse literarischer Texte - und stoßen so durch die wechselseitigen methodologischen Perspektiven eine Revision facheigener Fragestellungen an.

Die Rahmenbedingungen für Projekte in den Digital Humanities können herausfordernd sein: Zum einen ist die Innovationserwartung beteiligter Institutionen und Fördergeber ungebremst. Zum anderen bedürfen die Koordination interdisziplinärer, komplexer Großvorhaben sowie der Aufbau von Forschungsinfrastruktur und -services einer Professionalisierung des Projektmanagements. Die Beiträger*innen geben Einblicke in unterschiedliche Praktiken und versammeln Sichtweisen aus der Fachcommunity. Damit gehen sie den ersten Schritt, um das Tätigkeitsfeld in den deutschsprachigen Fachdiskurs zu holen - und zeigen durch theoriegeleitete Reflexionen methodologische Ansätze zu einer Weiterentwicklung des Wissenschaftsmanagements auf.

This book explores the role of social media in the daily practice of Polish criminal justice and how social media is, in turn, reshaping this practice. Based on empirical research, it confronts common beliefs about how police officers, prosecutors, and judges use social media in their work. Readers will find answers to the following questions: Which social media platforms are popular among law enforcement officers in Poland? How do the police use social media to investigate and prosecute crimes? What are the strategies for using social media to communicate with the community? What strategies are most successful? The findings in this book challenge some popular beliefs and theories about social media in criminal justice. As the first book to explore the use of social media in criminal justice outside of English-speaking countries, this collection of academic research will be of interest to academics focusing on criminology, criminal justice, and policing and will be useful to police leaders and officers, police social media administrators, prosecutors, and judges, who may be inspired by the research to implement new successful and more effective practices.

Black Women’s Stories of Everyday Racism puts literary narrative theory to work on an urgent real-world problem. The book calls attention to African American women’s everyday experiences with systemic racism and demonstrates how four types of narrative theory can help generate strategies to explain and dismantle that racism. This volume presents fifteen stories told by eight midwestern African American women about their own experiences with casual and structural racism, followed by four detailed narratological analyses of the stories, each representing a different approach to narrative interpretation. The book makes a case for the need to hear the personal stories of these women and others like them as part of a larger effort to counter the systemic racism that prevails in the United States today. Readers will find that the women’s stories offer powerful evidence that African Americans experience racism as an inescapable part of their day-to-day lives—and sometimes as a force that radically changes their lives. The stories provide experience-based demonstrations of how pervasive systemic racism is and how it perpetuates power differentials that are baked into institutions such as schools, law enforcement, the health care system, and business. Containing countless signs of the stress and trauma that accompany and follow from experiences of racism, the stories reveal evidence of the women’s resilience as well as their unending need for it, as they continue to feel the negative effects of experiences that occurred many years ago. The four interpretive chapters note the complex skill involved in the women’s storytelling. The analyses also point to the overall value of telling these stories: how they are sometimes cathartic for the tellers; how they highlight the importance of listening—and the likelihood of misunderstanding—and how, if they and other stories like them were heard more often, they would be a force to counteract the structural racism they so graphically expose. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 license.

This book examines the increasing body of research dedicated to the lasting differences between the former separate states of the Federal German Republic (FRG) and the German Democratic Republic (GDR). Thirty years after the fall of the Berlin Wall, it takes a broad view on German unification and transformation research. Transformation and unification processes in East and West Germany are still ongoing, and they may serve as a model for social change and its political, economic, and psychological consequences. Using advanced statistical methods of analysis, this edited volume provides insights into the valuable contextualization of individual and social phenomena that current research on German unification and transformation is producing. Following the open science mindset using code and data, the authors investigate temporal trends in (1) mental health, (2) political attitudes, and (3) work and family life. It explores changes in mental health and political attitudes, as well as continued differences in work and family arrangements, that may stem from heterogeneous experiences within the systems and during the transformation process. This book will appeal to scholars and students from the disciplines of sociology, political science, public health, social psychology, psychology, and communication science interested in postsocialist transition processes and temporal changes in individuals and societies.

Researchers engage in increasingly complex relationships with society and business in the process of conducting research. Can qualitative research produce high-quality results when there are close ties between the researchers and those being researched, or between research institutions, those who commission research, and user groups? This is a question that researchers should actively address, but which many are not always aware of. With examples from qualitative studies in healthcare, policing, bureaucracy and politics, the anthology’s contributors provide a comprehensive presentation of challenges researchers face when they are close to those they are researching, as well as tools that can be used to contend with certain challenges. Proximity to Professions, Work and Politics will be of particular interest to students and researchers working with studies of professional life, organisations, work and politics, either through commissioned research or other research projects., Forskere inngår i stadig mer komplekse relasjoner med samfunn og næringsliv i gjennomføring av forskning. Hvordan kan kvalitativ forskning produsere kunnskap av høy kvalitet når det er tette bånd mellom forskerne og de som forskes på, eller mellom forskningsinstitusjoner, oppdragsgivere og brukergrupper? Dette er et spørsmål forskere bør forholde seg aktivt til, men som mange ikke alltid er seg like bevisst. Med eksempler fra kvalitative studier innen helse, politi, byråkrati og politikk, gir bokas bidragsytere en samlet fremstilling av utfordringer forskere kan møte når de er tett på dem de forsker på, samt hvilke verktøy man kan ta i bruk for å håndtere gitte utfordringer. Tett på profesjon, arbeid og politikk henvender seg spesielt til studenter og forskere som arbeider med studier av profesjon, organisasjon, arbeid og politikk, enten gjennom oppdragsforskning eller andre forskningsprosjekter.

Method, Methodology and Research Design in Artistic Research: Between Solid Routes and Emergent Pathways offers a rich and innovative approach to method, research design and methodology of research in and through the arts. It spans the process from initial research design, ongoing and continuous decisions that need to be made while designing and carrying out research up to the analysis and reflection on this process when finished. Drawing on a huge body of experience, examples of renowned artist-researchers in the international field, as well as on contemporary posthumanist philosophy and methodological literature in the humanities and social sciences in particular, the conceptual core of the book is the author's Common Ground model for research design: Hübner suggests a flexible approach both for the overall research design as well as for the from-scratch design of distinct methods. This means in particular to provide space for the unknown, and for the occasional messiness of research in and through the arts; the book provides a thorough exploration of the emergent aspects and unforeseen paths that come up during a research trajectory. Transdisciplinary in scope, this is not just a book "about", but "to work with" methodology, supporting both seasoned and early career researchers, as well as supervisors in graduate, post graduate and doctoral education contexts.

The richness of social and cultural theory in the humanities offers countless opportunities for using theory-informed concepts in data-based analysis workflows. The contributors to this volume thus encourage further research utilizing out-of-the-box models and approaches to space and place in the field of Digital Humanities. The collection follows the two complementary goals of providing promising conceptualisations of space and place for a broad audience from Digital Humanities, and of presenting current work in Digital Humanities using different conceptualisations of space and place or offering innovative methods for their analysis.

Informed by original ground-breaking research, this book “shifts the lens” of study, identifying how Indigenous Australian values and principles have influenced and contributed to an evolving non-Indigenous mainstream Australian culture. Based on the Indigenous principle of respect, Muller presents a solid research framework to break down the barriers of social differences in a culturally safe space. The text offers an insight into the cultural aspects of modern Australian society that contributed to its globally acclaimed handling of the current coronavirus pandemic. During the preparation for dealing with the pandemic, Muller’s research was validated as the world witnessed the Australian culture undergoing major change, shifting away from the original colonialist culture based on individuality and social stratification, to a community collective-based culture. It will be a valuable read for scholars in the area of community and allied health, humanities, social policy, social sciences and political studies. People seeking alternative lifestyles, a decolonised future and social change will also find this book useful. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons [Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND)] 4.0 license.

This open access book introduces vignette research to new and experienced researchers by guiding them through its history, theory and underlying principles before delving into step-by-step practical guidance on how to do vignette research. Vignette research is an innovative qualitative, narrative and phenomenological research methodology that has gained international recognition, sparking interest from a wide range of individuals and institutions in global contexts. Vignettes are concise narratives, which capture human experiences in real life settings. They reveal surprising or intriguing facets and intangible moments. The experiential narratives resonate with readers and reduce the distance between the researcher and the researched. The ebook editions of this book are available open access under a CC-BY 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com. Open access was funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF).

Originating in the late 19th century and becoming the subject of ongoing methodological debates in the social sciences, methodological individualism is a paradigm that focuses on understanding social phenomena through the actions and choices of individuals rather than through collective explanations. This book highlights its theoretical bases as defined and developed in the writings of its founders and early proponents in the context of the liveliest methodological battles in the social sciences. It addresses fundamental epistemological issues, including the distinction between explanation in the social sciences and natural sciences, the rational bases for understanding social actions, the relation of social wholes to their parts, and the connections between social concepts and the phenomenal world. Bringing together new English translations of foundational texts by Carl Menger, Joseph Schumpeter, Georg Simmel, and Max Weber, this book provides key insights into one of the essential methodological paradigms in the social sciences, corrects misconceptions, and advances a deeper understanding of methodological individualism as a robust and valuable approach to explaining social phenomena. It will therefore appeal to scholars and students of sociology and sociological theory with an interest in questions of social science methodology.

Historical research can be enhanced by methods and resources from various disciplines, ranging from psychology to computer linguistics. With a creative and innovative perspective on »things we think we know«, Milan van Lange presents a computer-assisted historical investigation into the role of emotions in dealing with consequences of World War II in the Netherlands. By »emotion mining« digitised sources, van Lange shows where emotions were present and how they were expressed and discussed in the political engagement with people who experienced long-term effects of the war, such as former collaborators and war criminals, the resistance, and war victims.

This book is an introduction to the language of systems biology, which is spoken among many disciplines, from biology to engineering. Authors Thomas Sauter and Marco Albrecht draw on a multidisciplinary background and evidence-based learning to facilitate the understanding of biochemical networks, metabolic modeling and system dynamics. Their pedagogic approach briefly highlights core ideas of concepts in a broader interdisciplinary framework to guide a more effective deep dive thereafter. The learning journey starts with the purity of mathematical concepts, reveals its power to connect biological entities in structure and time, and finally introduces physics concepts to tightly align abstraction with reality. This workbook is all about self-paced learning, supports the flipped-classroom concept, and kick-starts with scientific evidence on studying. Each chapter comes with links to external YouTube videos, learning checklists, and Integrated real-world examples to gain confidence in thinking across scientific perspectives. The result is an integrated approach that opens a line of communication between theory and application, enabling readers to actively learn as they read. This overview of capturing and analyzing the behavior of biological systems will interest adherers of systems biology and network analysis, as well as related fields such as bioinformatics, biology, cybernetics, and data science.

Participatory approaches and co-research are increasingly employed in the current moment for exploring barriers to equality. Co-research treats research participants as experts in their own lives and as equal research partners. Research conducted with this orientation is based on research problems drafted by the research participants themselves from their aspirations regarding the research process and an active partnership that considers the interests of all parties involved. Participatory methods are used in co-research, particularly for the purpose of deepening the contextualisation of research knowledge about structurally vulnerable or subordinated groups and to challenge the power positions associated with traditional research designs. In co-research, the role of the people involved in the research is more central than in more traditional research. One of the key principles of co-research is that co-investigators (a) can participate in various roles, (b) have the opportunity to participate in different phases of the research according to their own interests and resources, and (c) co-investigators' participation can take many forms, including differences in intensity. The idea is to provide more people with opportunities to contribute to the knowledge production about themselves and their communities from their respective perspectives and interests. Co-research is also seen as an opportunity to improve the relevance and usefulness of scientific knowledge. It aims to genuinely increase interaction and openness and extend science's societal responsibility. In this book, we approach co-research as a means to promote social justice, as an action with a societal impact contributor to social impact and as a means to promote the societal responsibility of science. We discuss and evaluate the ideals of the co-research process concerning the everyday challenges and practices in research. Above all, we offer the knowledge and experience generated by our own projects to support those planning or already implementing co-research projects.

The book explores the discourses of modernism, contemporary art and art history writing as well as their interdisciplinary values and boundaries – and cases that do not fit within these boundaries.The articles explore the meanings of junk and relics, high art, design, and the intimate experience of art and public criticism. The themes explored in the book expand our views on the queer potential of colour, the meaning of detail, and the relationships between visual art and writing. The fourteen peer-reviewed case studies in the volume offer new insights from the fields of visual cultural studies, art history and gender studies. The articles in the anthology do not rely strictly on disciplinary boundaries but also open themselves up to broader fields of culture.

Geschichte als nicht-linearen Verlauf aufzufassen heißt, historische Zusammenhänge in all ihrer Komplexität auszudrücken. Dabei stoßen wir mit gedruckten Texten an Grenzen. Christian Wachter zeigt: Digitaler Hypertext hingegen erweist sich als konstruktive Erweiterung für die Erkenntnisvermittlung - non-linear gedachte Zusammenhänge werden mit einem non-linearen Medium explizit repräsentiert. Entgegen einem netzwerkartigen Schreiben drängen sich multilinear angelegte und visualisierte Erzählpfade auf, die den narrativen und argumentativen Aufbau der Wissensangebote abbilden. Sie vermitteln dadurch epistemisch Wesentliches.

The volume discusses the possibilities and limits of the documentary method in terms of basic theory, methodology and methodology. Triangulation is important in two ways: as a research practice in itself and as a way of identifying blind spots. The interest in the topic of triangulation - taking on different perspectives - relates above all to questions about the possibilities and limits offered by the documentary method for triangulation in terms of basic theory, methodology, and method. This goes beyond the common understanding of triangulation as mixed methods, which involves the combination of different methods and the validation of results. The second part of the book deals with "blind spots" of the documentary method, which become clear in comparison with other methodologies and procedures of empirical social and educational research, but which are also constituted and revealed in the actual research practice (in the field of research). Both dimensions are taken into account in the volume.; Der Band diskutiert in grundlagentheoretischer, methodologischer und methodischer Hinsicht Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Dokumentarischen Methode. Triangulation ist dabei in doppelter Weise von Bedeutung: einmal als Forschungspraxis an sich und einmal als Möglichkeit der Identifikation blinder Flecken. Das Interesse am Thema Triangulation – Einnahme unterschiedlicher Perspektiven – bezieht sich vor allem auf Fragen danach, welche Möglichkeiten und Grenzen die Dokumentarische Methode für Triangulationen in grundlagentheoretischer, methodologischer und methodischer Hinsicht bietet. Damit wird über das gängige Verständnis von Triangulation als Mixed Methods hinausgegangen, bei dem es um die Kombination verschiedener Methoden und die Validierung von Ergebnissen geht. Im zweiten Teil des Buches geht es um „Blinde Flecken“ der Dokumentarischen Methode, die im Vergleich mit anderen Methodologien und Verfahren der empirischen Sozial- und Bildungsforschung deutlich werden, sich aber auch in der eigentlichen Forschungspraxis (im Forschungsfeld) konstituieren und offenbaren. Im Band werden beide Dimensionen berücksichtigt.

"All the tips, ideas and advice given to, and requested by, MA students in Media and Communications, are brought together in an easy-to-use accessible guide to help students study most effectively. Based upon many years of teaching study skills and hundreds of lecture slides and handouts this introduction covers a range of general and generic skills that the author relates specifically towards media and communications studies. As well as the mechanics of writing and presentations, the book also shows how students can work on and engage with the critical and contemplative elements of their degrees whilst retaining motivation and refining timekeeping skills. Of course the nuts and bolts of reading, writing, listening, seminars and the dreaded dissertation and essays are covered too. In addition advice on referencing, citation and academic style is offered for those with concerns over English grammar and expression. Aimed primarily at postgraduate students, there is significant crossover with undergraduate work, so this book will also prove of use to upper level undergraduate readers whether using English as a first or second language."

Research in developed countries is often considered as a means to pave the way towards sustainable development in different areas of the society including science and technology, the economy, governance and security. Researchers in developing countries rarely have the opportunity to use their indigenous languages to design, plan and conduct research. Nor do they communicate in their indigenous languages to share their insights and learnings from other parts of the world with colleagues or students. Utilising the languages that researchers, students and teachers, policymakers, the community, and others interested in research understand better can help to generate new knowledge embedded in local realities where sustainable development needs to take root. That is why this book is in Kinyarwanda. The authors hope that writing this book in Kinyarwanda will increase research capacity in the humanities and social sciences in Rwanda and in the region. And that it will increase interaction between all key stakeholders in the planning and conducting of research as well as in analysing, monitoring and evaluating the research process and its outputs.], Mu bihugu byakataje mu majyambere, usanga ubushakashatsi ari itara rimurikira ibikorwa by’amajyambere kandi bukaba n’umuyoboro w’iterambere rirambye haba mu bukungu, ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga, imibereho myiza y’abaturage, imiyoborere y’igihugu, umutekano n’ibindi. Kuba abashakashatsi bo mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyamberere badakoresha cyane indimi zabo kavukire mu gukora ubushakashatsi no mu guhererekanya n’abandi ubumenyi bwavumbuwe hirya no hino ku isi bishobora kuba biri ku isonga mu bibangamira iterambere rirambye, ryihuta kandi rigera kuri benshi. Gukoresha ururimi abenegihugu bahuriyeho mu nzego zose – abashakashatsi, abanyeshuri n’abarimu, abafata ibyemezo, abaturage n’abandi bakenera ubushakashatsi cyangwa ibyabuvuyemo – bishobora gutuma hahangwa ubumenyi bwegereye abagenerwabikorwa, bakabugira ubwabo, bakabusangira kandi bakabusigasira. Ngicyo icyatumwe twandika iki gitabo mu Kinyarwanda. Tugamije kuzamura ireme ry’ubushakashatsi mu bumenyi nyamuntu n’imibanire y’abantu. Tugamije kandi kwimakaza ubwumvane hagati y’abafatanyabikorwa bose haba mu gutegura umushinga w’ubushakashatsi, kuwushyira mu bikorwa, gusesengura, kugenzura ndetse no gusuzuma uko ubushakashatsi bwagenze n’umusaruro bwatanze.

New developments - scientific, technical, societal and political - influence not only the agenda for research but also research structures, resource requirements (human and otherwise), education and training programs and interfaces with partners and the users of research. They also have an impact on research funding and management and the way research is evaluated and monitored. This book deals with the business of doing research in Europe's public research and development organisations, with a particular focus on their strategic management challenges. It is the third e-book produced by EURAGRI and draws on contributions made at the 31st EURAGRI annual conference held in Dublin (Ireland) in September 2017.

Modelling as Research Methodology is written for the scientist and student researching the (expected) functioning of systems under specified conditions. As such, it represents an introduction to the use of modelling in natural, human and economical sciences. The book is divided into two sections. The first section illustrates the universal nature of modelling as aid to the researcher. In the second section, several typical examples of modelling are described.