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Expanding economic cooperation with the EAEU is of great importance to the Government of the Republic of Korea, which is focusing on providing new drivers of economic growth through expanded trade with various countries and groups of countries, including the Eurasian region. Economic cooperation between the Republic of Korea and the EAEU has the potential to promote mutually beneficial development in the long term as both regions are forming complementary industrial complexes. International competitiveness can be ensured through bilateral economic cooperation based on the advanced industrial technologies of the Republic of Korea, as well as energy and mineral resources, which are the main production factors of the EAEU countries. Moreover, in the current economic situation of the Republic of Korea, where it is necessary to reduce trade dependence on China, expanding cooperation with the EAEU is becoming a key aspect of its further economic development.

The article presents the results of a sociological empirical study that was conducted from May to August in 2023. Its purpose was to study the attitudes of labor migrants in Russia towards various international integration processes in the post-Soviet space. The objects of the study were workers from Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan, working in Moscow and the Moscow region. The choice of these countries is not accidental, as they are the main migration donors to the Russian Federation in Central Asia. The uniqueness of the research results lies in the fact that despite the certain “popularity” of such an empirical object as “labor migrants.” The analyzed subject has not yet been sufficiently developed theoretically and empirically. Particular attention is paid to the political preferences and migration attitudes of labor migrants. The issue of awareness of foreign workers of the activities of international integration and military-political associations, such as the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), European Union (EU), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and also the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is examined. The paper also presents the respondents’ assessment of the role of these associations in the development of international processes. Separately, the article examines the relationship between Russia and migrant-sending countries. Based on the results of the study, the authors conclude that respondents have a positive attitude towards integration associations in which Russia plays a key role. Moreover, the socio-political attitudes of foreign workers are characterized by a high degree of loyalty to the foreign policy of the Russian Federation. Migrants overwhelmingly support international cooperation between their countries and Russia and share the foreign policy position of the Russian Federation. In conclusion, labor migrants from Central Asia can be considered as a resource and capital of the influence of Russian “soft power.”

The article discusses current issues related to the development of the institution of an authorized economic operator (hereinafter — AEO) in Russia. The study is devoted to the analysis of the regulatory framework, and also analyzes the current state of affairs. the purpose of the article is to identify problems that require discussion and deeper research in order to improve the regulation of the AEO institution; formulating conceptual proposals for its development and involving in this institute companies that really need simplifications when carrying out customs operations for conducting foreign trade activities. This study is based on the methodological approaches of domestic scientists to the problems of development of economic institutions. When conducting the study, the method of comparative analysis of legislation regulating the AEO institution was used; An analysis of scientific literature and existing data from open AEO Registers was carried out. Methods of scientific knowledge, system analysis (deduction, induction, analysis, synthesis), graphic and statistical methods, systems approach were used; methods of monographic, statistical and comparative analysis, generalization and interviews were used. results and scientific novelty of the study. The work focuses on the study of the terms underlying the AEO institution. According to the author, the term should more accurately reflect the purpose and essence of its creation. The legal regulation of the AEO institution requires a new rethinking, with prospects for the development of the institution, as laid down in the standards of the World Customs Organization, from the understanding of AEOs as national companies that have a number of simplifications when performing customs operations, to the understanding of AEOs as organizations — links in the supply chain of products between AEOs of other countries, provided they all meet trade and safety standards. A set of proposals for the development of the AEO Institute has been formed. Conclusions. The proposals concern clarification of terminology and proposals for improving the regulatory framework, in particular the development of simplifications. The federal customs services of the EAEU countries may use the provisions of this article when developing legal regulation for the development of the AEO institution. The degree of elaboration varies from a conceptual idea to the proposal of specific amendments to articles of laws.

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The article touches upon some problems of legal regulation of public procurement in two organizations — the European Union (EU) and the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). A wide EU experience in public procurement regulation could be helpful for the EAEU, as it is facing now the same problems as the EU did, for example the digitalization of public procurement.Russian researchers often refer to European experience in order to find best practices, but the European experience in the legal regulation of public procurement is poorly examined by Russian authors. The aim of the study is to compare the process of digitalization of public procurement regulation in the EU and in the EAEU, highlight the EU instruments in this sphere which could be useful for the EAEU and point some common features and differences of the digitalization process in the sphere of public procurement in these organizations.In the article the authors compare different fields of public procurement legal regulation in the EU and in the EAEU and both general and specific instruments of digitalization in the sphere of public procurement existing in the EU and in the EAEU. The study is based on the analysis of the EU law and legal precedents.As a result the authors make a conclusion that some EU instruments of public procurement legal regulation could be applied in the EAEU or its member states law considering the difference in historical development of public procurement legal regulation of the organizations and positive experience of the EAEU member states.

The main features of the audit activity and prospects of development of the single market for audit services of the Eurasian Economic Union. Analyzed the existing regulatory approaches regulation, to the application of international audit standards and international accounting standards and the necessity offurther improvement of the national systems in the context of a common approach to the audit regulation in the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union.

The present study is aimed at considering the issues of competence of the Eurasian Economic Union, defined by international treaties within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union, on combating corruption in the preparation of acts of the bodies of the Eurasian Economic Union.Aim. To determine the competence of the bodies of the Eurasian Economic Union in the field of anticorruption in the development of acts of the bodies of the Eurasian Economic Union.Tasks. To identify the limits and scope of the competence of the Eurasian Economic Union, established by the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union of May 29, 2014, in the field of anti-corruption in the development of acts of the bodies of the Eurasian Economic Union, to determine the grounds for anticorruption expertise provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation, to determine the degree of effectiveness of the Eurasian integration in the field of anti-corruption.Methods. In this paper, using the methods of logical, comparative and predictive analysis, the factors contributing to the implementation of effective policies of the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union aimed at improving the mechanism for the development of acts of the bodies of the Eurasian Economic Union in the field of combating corruption are identified.Results. The study showed that the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union of May 29, 2014 does not provide for the authority of the Eurasian Economic Commission to conduct anti-corruption expertise in the preparation of acts of the bodies of the Eurasian Economic Union. At the same time, the Eurasian Economic Union has powerful legal and organizational tools that allow it to adopt regulatory legal acts that are sufficiently deeply prepared, analyzed and have passed legal procedures. The Eurasian anti-corruption platform proposed for formation will allow applying international experience, and, in addition, protecting the national interests of the Eurasian countries, taking into account the peculiarities of national legal systems.Conclusion. It is advisable to consider the development and adoption of a unified anti-corruption strategy of the Eurasian Economic Union, which would be based on the participation of the EAEU member states and take into account national interests and the specifics of the legal systems of the participating states, including the specifics of legislative regulation in the anti-corruption sphere.

The article is devoted to the study of the Eurasian vector in the international politics of Russia, including the Russian-Chinese relations at the present stage, participation in the Eurasian Economic Union, other interstate associations created by the states of the Asia-Pacific region. The authors have studied and analyzed the defining directions and features of Russian-Chinese foreign policy relations, both in the historical context and at the present stage of development. In particular, the main periods in the development of bilateral relations are outlined; the factors that influenced the change in the strategies of foreign policy interaction between the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China are analyzed; the nature of Russian-Chinese cooperation at the present stage is revealed, its role and importance both for regional policy and in the light of ongoing international processes, including in the field of international security, are characterized; identified possible risks that could negatively affect the nature of foreign policy interaction between Russia and China. The study concludes with conclusions and proposals related to the assessment of the political and international legal interaction of Russia in the integration track of Eurasian policy.

Eurasia is gradually turning into the point of intersection of various longterm political and economic initiatives undertaken by the leading actors of contemporary international relations, including the Russian Federation, the European Union, the United States and the People’s Republic of China. This trend compounded by a complicated dynamics of integration and disintegration processes in the post-Soviet states further exacerbates tensions in the region, already fraught with conflict. It also poses additional obstacles to the projects of Eurasian integration, promoted by the Russian Federation. In order to provide a better understanding of the specificities and prospects of Russia’s initiatives, the paper examines the origins and the evolution of the Russian strategy of Eurasian integration, and identifies its key elements. The author concludes that fundamental principles of the Russian strategy for reshaping the post-Soviet states have been laid down during the presidency of B.N. Yeltsin and were merely adjusted to meet certain political, social and economic changes both in Russia and abroad. These principles include: 1) commitment to the idea of a multipolar world; 2) creation of supranational Eurasian economic institutions to multiply the economic potential of member-states; 3) prevention of a change of political regimes in neighboring countries if they can bring to power anti-Russian groups; 4) establishment of closer links with China, especially on political, economic and security issues; 5) formation of a new center of political gravity in Eurasia through expanding the capacities of regional political and military organizations which would complement integration processes and ensure regional security. The paper shows that amid growing international tensions in the second half of 2010s the Russian integration initiatives have become increasingly focused on geostrategic, political and military issues. In that regard, the author concludes that, although the development of the Eurasian integration projects enables a wide range of horizontal and vertical economic linkages between the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) memberstates, overtly competitive nature of both the Russian and the Western states’ strategies increases the conflict potential of the region. In the absence of alternative approaches, this conflict could not only become a potential source of new tensions between Russia and the West, but also threatens to reverse the current integration processes within the EAEU. The author emphasizes that the abandonment of excessively politicized and ideologized policies both in Russia and in the Western states, which prevents political elites from finding compromises and developing alternative approaches, is the only way to improve the situation in the Eurasian region.

The article highlights the idea of «common destiny» of countries and peoples in the works of Russian scientists, politicians and spiritual leaders, which is especially important since the Chinese leader Xi Jinping put forward the concept of «community of common destiny of mankind», on the other hand, in connection with the crisis development of the world community in a pandemic that raised the problem of survival.

The development of the EAEU takes place in the context of the formation of a new system of world economic relations and the transformation of the rules of world trade. Further areas of multilateral cooperation between states and regional integration associations are emerging (including the digital economy, cryptocurrencies). As a consequence of the aggressive foreign policy of economically developed countries, the regionalization of trade and economic ties is gaining popularity, which makes it urgent to reformat trade relations with regional integration associations. Along with this, the primary integration effect associated with the opening of national markets and the simplification of trade rules, which manifested itself at the first stages of the formation of the customs union and the single economic space (CES), is being exhausted. The volumes of mutual trade of the member states are changing, but its share in the capacity of the common market of the EAEU remains virtually unchanged from year to year. The further growth of trade and economic ties within the EAEU is mainly due to the removal of existing obstacles and the qualitative improvement of the conditions for doing cross-border business. Various negative phenomena distort the integration agenda and substantially neutralize the positive effects of integration. The reasons noted above make the task of a comprehensive study of the economic and geopolitical factors of the integration of member states and new challenges to the integration processes urgent. To develop approaches to strategic planning for the development of the EAEU, adequate assessments of the use of the integration potential of the member states should be made and areas with the most significant reserves for building up integration cooperation should be identified. The full involvement of Armenia and Kyrgyzstan in the orbit of the Eurasian economic integration, as well as severe changes in the external economic situation that have occurred in recent years, require the actualization of possible scenarios for the development of the Eurasian Economic Union and the development of new tactics for the response of the EAEU and the Union member states to newly emerging factors and challenges affecting on integration processes.

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Copyright of Central Asian Journal of Sustainability & Climate Research is the property of Kazakh-German University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article considers issues of efficiency of customs control in the framework and quality of customs services. Analyzes the international experience of implementation of customs control of goods for personal use exported by physical persons in air checkpoints. Focuses on the development of guidelines, aimed at regulating «non-trade turnover of goods» for the personal use of individuals in air checkpoints. Described the scientific and practical insights to solve problems.

Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan combine their membership in the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) - the most large-scale and dynamically developing integration association in the Post-Soviet space -with an active participation in projects and programs of the European Union (EU). This economic and political alliance is aimed at the regional integration of its 28 member countries located mainly in Europe. The EU is simultaneously actively involved in the economic and political processes in the Post-Soviet space, including its Central Asian segment. The EU strategy in the Central Asian region is aimed at bilateral and regional cooperation with its partners, among which Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan occupy an important place. The bilateral partnership and cooperation agreements concluded between them and the EU have become the main instruments providing the European Union with influence in these countries. The EU accession in the Central Asian region and the promotion of a united Europe’s interests combine with the attention of the EU institutions and structures to important areas of Central Asia development. Among these areas are transport networks, energy, security, government, education and human rights. Although the integration in the EAEU and the EU, as well as the terms of trade and economic agreements concluded by the participants of the EAEU with the EU, has a number of distinctive features, this does not become an obstacle to the aspirations of Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan for in-depth cooperation with the EU -both in politics and economics. The EUs tactics of distancing itself from the EAEU, positioning the united Europe as a kind of an alternative to this integration union becomes a serious geopolitical challenge both for the EAEU and for the prospects of integration in Central Asia while maintaining Russia’s leading role in this process.

The subject of our research was the analysis of changes in the specialisation of Russia in mutual trade with the countries of the Customs Union — the Common Economic Space — the Eurasian Economic Union since the beginning of the functioning of the single customs territory. The work aims to characterise the impact of the integration process within the CU-SES-EAEU on the commodity structure of Russian exports to the grouping countries and the possibilities for realising Russia’s export potential in the markets of the partner countries. The author examines the most important trends and factors in the evolution of the commodity structure of mutual trade within the EAEU and Russia’s exports to these countries, assesses the importance of the EAEU countries for the realisation of the export potential of Russia. The study concluded that the integration process had a positive effect on the commodity structure of Russia’s exports to the EAEU countries: during the unification, the share of mineral products in total exports decreased by one third, while the share of machinery and chemical products, food products and agricultural raw materials rose. The author substantiated that the EAEU states are the most important market for Russian goods with a high share of value added and their importance is increasing. Nevertheless, the prospect for further realisation of the export potential of Russia in the markets of the EAEU countries is very ambiguous and will be determined by two factors: the growth rate of the Russian economy and the real achievements in the field of shaping long-term integration effects.

The article explores the features, risks and prospects of developing foreign trade activities of the Russian Federation in modern conditions of shaping the Eurasian Economic Union. The author analyzes the main changes in the dynamics of foreign and mutual trade, the commodity composition of exports and imports of Russia, as well as indicators of receipt of customs duties. It suggests the key measures to overcome the crisis in international trade and ways to improve the external and mutual trade of our country in the framework of the EAEC.

The article deals with the essence of the unified information policy, its key features and role in the development of integration processes within the Eurasian Economic Union. Special attention is paid to the necessity to respect the interests of the member states of the EEU in the information sphere. The article provides the main principles of formation and implementation of the unified information policy, defines its objectives in foreign policy and domestic spheres.

The article notes a special position of Saint-Petersburg among the other Russian cities on the level of involvement into international organizations activities. It is proved that St. Petersburg can be described as a city with an international status, which is actively involved in the integration processes as at the level of cross-border cooperation, as well as at trans-regional level. The author gives an example of a partnership with Minsk (Belarus), Yerevan (Armenia), Astana (Kazakhstan) and others. It is noted that St. Petersburg was the first subject of the Russian Federation to the “diagonal” cooperation agreements, i. e., agreements in the form of “subject of Russian Federation - a foreign country”.

Development of regional structures in the twenty-first century is extremely dynamic.In this regard, it is important to note the formation of the Eurasian economic Union as a new geopolitical and geo-economic center of the Eurasian region.The Eurasian economic Union is characterized by the rapid spread of it’s influence on the various parts of the Great Eurasian region (the Baltic region, the Caucasus region, the Asian region) and on other continents (e. g., Latin America).That’s why it is actual to talk about “the diffuse form” of the new integration development, which reflected the interpenetration of cultural traits, traditions of different peoples through trade, migration, tourism, science, culture, etc.

In the article the directions of development of digital economy in Kyrgyzstan and the Eurasian economic Union.

The article is devoted to the advantages, risks and achievements of cooperation between the Russian integration project “Eurasian Economic Union” (EAEU) and the Chinese initiative “Silk Road Economic Belt” (SREB). The Eurasian space has a strategic importance for Russia and China, so the political leaders of these global powers decided to join together the EAEU and the SREB for the development, strengthening and expansion of cooperation in the field of economy. On the one hand, the interaction of the two integration projects opens wide opportunities for all participants: economic growth, technological modernization, creation of transport and logistics infrastructure. Russia and China share a common vision of the future foundations of the New World Order. In contrast to the Western model of the organization of international relations on the principle of unipolarity, Russia and China defend the model of a polycentric world order. On the other hand, there are problems that can cause competition between Russia and China. The problems of industrialization of the EAEU member-states, the possible competition between Russian and Chinese goods in the Eurasian market as well as in the field of industrial technology may appear. At the same time, it is important to understand that the interests of Russia and China largely coincide rather than diverge. The interests of both states are not only economic in nature but also related to Eurasian security issues. The first beneficial projects having been signed within the cooperation between EAEU and SREB aim at the development of transport infrastructure and financial assistance to the member-states. Considering the reverent attitude of the post-soviet states to national sovereignty the Chinese project looks the most attractive due to the absence of a supranational body. However, this fact does not exclude the possibility of getting the Central Asian states into excessive financial dependence on China. Meanwhile, the EAEU will help to balance China’s economic and political relations with the Central Asian states.In the context of globalization the cooperation between the EAEU and the SREB could be the first step towards the creation of major international economic structure. Cooperation between the Russian and Chinese projects has enormous potential for effective mutually beneficial development and opens wide opportunities for the participating states. The cooperation of the two projects will strengthen the geopolitical position of Russia and China in Eurasia as opposed to the geopolitical activity of the United States.

International economic integration is a process of interaction between states that involves trans-border and barrier-free movement of products and services; it means gradual economic drawing together within a common (unified) market for consumer goods and services based on national legislation being harmonized and unified or similar regulation in specific spheres being created. As the Eurasian integration is going on, it is important to provide and protect interests of consumers that naturally arise when administrative barriers are eliminated and goods and services flow more freely between the EAEU member states. Our research object was a legal and regulatory base existing in the Eurasian Economic Union that regulates issues related to providing food products quality and safety and consumer rights protection. Our research goal was to reveal what mechanisms for international cooperation and harmonization of national legislative standards existed in the EAEU countries in the sphere under consideration and to determine possible ways for their improvement. As a result, we gave an overall characteristics for legal regulation in the sphere of providing food products safety in the Eurasian Economic Union as well as mechanisms for providing food products safety, both existing and being developed at the moment, that are based on risk assessment. The analysis we performed allowed us to conclude that a system for providing food products safety that is being created now in the EAEU is a complex one and is aimed at providing safety of people's lives and health, at preventing consumer rights violation, and at informing about food-related health risks. Creation of a system for food products safety is under way in the EAEU now, and it means that there are some precon-ditions for development of a global action program for the EAEU countries which will be aimed at consumer rights protection and providing high quality of products and services.

The article is devoted to the application of blockchain technology in international customs regulation processes, as well as the application of this technology in the framework of modernization of customs administration processes in the zone of the Customs Union of the EEU countries.

This article is devoted to the study of the process of solution by the Eurasian countries of the systemic crisis, caused by the collapse of the Soviet Union, in the context of processes of Eurasian integration.

The authors selected comparative analysis to study Information society development covering the Customs Union countries, where integration is rapidly developing (Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russian Federation). The authors have developed a set of parameters for comparing the laws on Information society. The comparison was performed on the priorities as well as terms, goals, and bodies in charge of information society development. The similarities and differences in Information Society legislation of these countries were highlighted. Analysis of implementation of the legislation is based on the comparison of countries positions in global rankings developed by international organizations, as well as open results of intra-governmental audit, and media publications analysis.

The article is devoted to studying the role of international political institutions in the integration processes of the Eurasian region. The author examines the Collective Security Treaty Organization, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the Organization for Democracy and Economic Development. The problem of duplication of integration associations of the Eurasian region is noted in the article. Also the author makes the conclusion that the experience of the Eurasian region in the sphere of military-political cooperation should be used in the process of formation of individual structures of the future Eurasian Union.

In the article analyzed the principles of operation of the Eurasian Economic Union in the international legal aspects. The authors examine the characteristics of these principles in the integration space of the Eurasian Economic Union.

This article is devoted to analysis of the current state and prospects of development of the relationships of two integration structures: the Eurasian economic Union (EEU) and the European Union (EU). The article focuses on the evolution of the concept of the Greater Europe; the author analyzes the main stages of development of the bilateral relations of the EU with the countries-members of the EEU. The author notes that in spite of the fact that in the current geopolitical conditions a dialogue between the EU and the EEU is difficult , there is an objective necessity to establish close relations between two blocks due to historical and geographical and the current geopolitical and geo-economic factors. However, nowadays the possibility of the convergence of these two integration projects can be realized within the traditional paradigm of «the Greater Europe from Lisbon to Vladivostok», but as a part of the «the Greater Eurasia from Lisbon to Shanghai».

The article considers some aspects of the development of youth scientific - technical cooperation in the states - partners of the Eurasian Economic Union in the long term, as well as the characteristics of the project Eurasian united association «Fab-Labs».

In the article is characterized the multi-vector of the Eurasian integration in the context of global trends of modern development. One of the key directions of cooperation within the framework of Eurasian integration now is the Eurasian Economic Union - «The economic belt of the Silk Road». Such collaboration involves the development of not only the economy or transport, but also a new relationship in various forms of public diplomacy as an important mechanism for the formation of international strategic partnership within the Eurasian space in the long term.

The article notes that the Republic of Belarus in the Eurasian geopolitical space is a transit country, being the point of contact the Western Christian, Eastern Christian civilization and the border of the two most important geo-economic associations. The paper emphasizes that the SCO should be considered as an important geopolitical subject, one of the main objectives of which is the structuring of the Eurasian geopolitical space. It is noted that the new status of the Republic of Belarus in this organization opens new opportunities associated with the formation of a full-fledged «designers» of the modern Eurasian geopolitical space.

The current stage of the global society evolution shows that it is a priority concern to export educational services for expanding political, economic and cultural relations among the Eurasian Economic Union member countries. The article examines problems and prospects of developing international academic cooperation of higher education organizations in the context of Eurasian integration. It is defined that academic and business integration in the EAEU countries increases the level of the national economies' publicity, creates a single information space, and is responsible for intensifying international technology movement. The need to use information and communication technologies which make it possible for education to satisfy global development trends is shown.

With the aim to harmonize the legislation between the Eurasian Economic Union countries and the European Union in the field of medicines circulation and taking into account the requirements of the European Union and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in 2015 were developed the Rules of Good Laboratory Practice EAEC. The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of good laboratory practice. Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation on the Rules of good laboratory practice will allow to provide the most objective study of the safety of new drugs at the preclinical stage and to identify and prevent using of unsafe drugs. Ultimately, it will protect the interests of patients and the healthcare system as a whole.

This paper presents an analysis of leading foreign regulatory authorities’ requirements for the bioequivalence studies of medicinal products containing analogues of endogenous substances. US Food and Drug Administration, European Medicines Agency, and Eurasian Economic Union’s approaches are discussed. The scientific literature on the bioequivalence studies of endogenous substances, as well as the results of clinical trial and marketing authorization applications assessments which were conducted by the FSBI “SCEEMP” in 2013-2015 are analyzed. General recommendations and principles for design and conduction of the bioequivalence studies of such medicinal products and reporting of their results are proposed, basing on the results of analysis of the foreign requirements, scientific data and domestic experience.

The article examines the dependence of power engineering industry in Russia on imported equipment in general, as well as in the field of gas turbine technologies. The analysis of the equipment of foreign production of the electric power industry of Russia operating at the objects is given, the countries-producers of the installed and currently used foreign equipment in the electric power industry are identified. The role of the Eurasian Economic Union in the framework of import substitution programs has been singled out. Also the international experience of solving problems on reducing dependence on foreign companies is analyzed.

The Author analyzes the regulatory structure proposed by the President Putin’s strategy of «Great Eurasia» in Russian official and economic policy frameworks and development programmes, Examines internal and external factors affecting the Eurasian Union, as a base for building relationships within the «Great Eurasia». The emphasis the author makes the EAEU’s interest in the development of economic relations with the countries of «Great Eurasia» with the use of the Union. He also analyzes the dynamics of the negotiation process for conclusion of trade and economic agreements between the EEC and China and the challenges and opportunities of member countries in economic relations with China. Considered the level of compatibility of the Eurasian Union and the initiative «One belt and one road». A separate part of the article devoted to economic cooperation of Russia and China and their possible interaction in the construction of the Grand Eurasia.

Leading the trend of world development is globalization, which covers all areas of public life, including economic, and national economies poses more challenges, fi rst and foremost – ensuring competitiveness on a global scale, fi nd their own niche in the international division of labor.The development of the global trading system is characterized by two interrelated trends – the expansion of economic openness and the formation of trade unions, to ensure the most favorable terms of trade between the participating countries. The latest trend has led to the relevance of research topic "Prospects of Customs Union from the point of view of modern theories of regional integration."The integration processes taking place in the former Soviet Union in fact since joining the former Soviet republics of the status of independent states. Already in 1991. CIS was created, which brought together 12 post-Soviet countries (all former Soviet republics except the Baltic). Since then, the integration processes in the post-Soviet space are permanent, and therefore, we set a goal – to analyze the prospects of the Customs Union from the point of view of modern theories of regional integration.Notwithstanding that goal has led to the need to address a number of problems, namely:• consideration of the role and place of regional trade (economic) union, the importance of their experience, especially for developing countries and countries with economies in transformation;• justify the importance of the openness of the national economy to generate the preconditions for sustainable economic growth, determining the levels of trade (economic) integration;• analysis of modern views on the nature of regional integration;• consideration of the characteristics of individual regional trade and economic unions, including the Customs Union, and determine their place in the modern system of world trade.The study is based on the use of a systematic approach using historical and logical methods.The result of the study was the conclusion there is a positive relationship between foreign trade and economic growth of member countries of the regional unions, including TC and the EAEC; articulated position relative to the benefi ts and future economic and political prospects of the Customs Union and the Eurasian Economic Union.The theoretical signifi cance of the article is the novelty and the possibility of further study the relationship between economic and political prospects of the vehicle and the EAEC.

January 2015 witnessed an important step towards further integration in Eurasia, with the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) coming into operation. It comprises three members of the former Eurasian Customs Union (CU), Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan, plus Kyrgyzstan and Armenia. Recent debates on Eurasian integration consider the EAEU to be a Russian hegemonic project in the region. However, the potential of this project is yet to be discovered. This article has pioneered in applying the neo-Gramscian approach to analysing the potential for the EAEU as a Russian counter-hegemonic initiative. The neo-Gramscian understanding of hegemony, which constitutes of four core elements, is reflected in the structure of the article: the institutional design, material capabilities (the capitalist system), security invulnerability (geopolitics) and cultural leadership. The article concludes that Russian regional hegemony has not yet been formed, but has the potential to be completed. Hegemony has been consolidated domestically, and has started outward expansion through the EAEU as its institutional mechanism. However, to succeed with its hegemonic project, the Russian government should not simply copy the EU's institutional design but learn how to present the achievements of integration as successful efforts at creating a strong welfare system that favours key social groups in order to obtain social consent and take cultural leadership. The novelty of the presentation of hegemony as an evolutionary process, which passes through initial, transitional and conclusive phases of its development, along with the recentness of the EAEU as a topic, could make this article a contribution to Eurasian integration studies.

The aspects of the introduction of the single currency calculations economic and geographic integration zone. Presented the basic theory of optimum currency areas. Made conclusions about the main advantages and disadvantages of the theory of optimal currency areas. We describe the world's major world currencies - the dollar and the euro. It makes projections about the prospects of other reserve currencies in the world. Presented diff erent approaches are proposed for the introduction of a single currency settlement currency and a single monetary zone in the territory of the Eurasian Economic Union.

The article provides an analysis of the regulatory framework of the Eurasian economic union (the Union) to ensure the quality and safety of food products. In accordance with the Agreement on the Eurasian economic union, which entered into force on 01.01.2015 (hereinafter referred to as the Agreement), in order to ensure the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population within the Union to pursue a coordinated policy in the sphere of application of sanitary and phytosanitary measures. In accordance with the Agreement of the Customs Union «On common principles and rules of technical regulation in the Republic of Belarus, Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation» dated 18 November 2010 to the products to which the Union set mandatory requirements on technical regulation, attributed also to food products. Regulations approved by the food safety technical regulations. In accordance with the Agreement in the technical regulations of the Customs Union established requirements for the product or to the processes of production, storage, transportation, marketing and utilization, as well as the identification rules, forms, diagrams, and assessment procedures (confirmation) of compliance of food products. In order to ensure the sanitary-epidemiological, veterinary and phytosanitary welfare within the Union pursue a coordinated policy in the sphere of application of sanitary and phytosanitary measures. The necessity of improving the system of regulation of the quality and safety of food products through the development and introduction of the development, approval, modification and application of common sanitary and epidemiological and hygienic requirements and procedures to ensure the quality and safety of food products. Also shown that the implementation of standards adopted by the Agreement of the Union, taking into account international experience, based on the basic WTO agreements and international standards, sanitary and phytosanitary measures, as well as experience and scientific and technical capabilities of the Member States of the Union will create in the Union a coherent, consistent, transparent, knowledge-based, dynamic system of legal regulation in the sphere of food products. The solution to this problem, along with an increase in the quality and safety of food products, will increase export potential and investment attractiveness of the food producers in the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union.

The article deals with the international image of the leader of the Republic of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev, who owns the famous post-Soviet Eurasian idea, proposed on a new basis of formation and development of the Commonwealth of Independent States. This year marks 20 years since the historic lecture of the President of Kazakhstan in Moscow State University. MV University, which was announced by the idea of creating the Eurasian Economic Union. In this regard, the need to settle into her new ideology as intrastate and interstate relations in the post-Soviet space. Simultaneously, the authors asked a fair question - why Kazakhstan is one of the first in the former Soviet Union proposed the idea of the Eurasian Economic, who received a convincing answer to the article associated with a number of vital factors. Later in the article notes that the new economic idea NA Nazarbayev is very different from the previous integration of ideas and forms of directions. It is no coincidence, according to the authors, this idea was the head of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the post-attractive not only for the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States, but also to non-CIS countries - India, Vietnam, Turkey and others. And here, as pointed out in the article, plays an important role volunteerism. No one, under any circumstances, according to the authors, should not force any country to join the Eurasian Economic Union of CIS countries. In this regard, the article emphasizes that it is confidential law and the internal decision of each nation, each country.

The article considers the technical, technological, institutional and organizational barriers of cross-border transportation of goods. The study uses an institutional approach as a methodological alternative to other approaches. The institutional and organizational problems of border crossing points arrangement, the consequences of the application of unified transport documents, the introduction of electronic communication forms are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of demonstration actions, the daily practice of reducing the time of customs procedures and reducing the transaction costs of crossborder freight traffic. At the same time, it is specified that the way of effectiveness increase of cross-border transportation of goods is a simultaneous implementation of technical and institutional innovations. Emphasis is placed on identifying the institutional and organizational features of the international transportation of goods by road, in particular, the problems of the evolution of the customs duties guaranteed payment institute, the permission system in the implementation of cross-border goods traffic. It is especially specified that the state support of national businessmen demands the development of a mechanism providing a parity of the Russian and foreign carriers, at least in the field of freight hauling for the state needs with attraction of credit resources of banks with the state participation. It is emphasized that elimination of all informal (shadow) relations in this sphere has to become the first step on the way of improvement of the institutional environment of the international road haulage. The institutional characteristics of transportation of goods in certain areas, in particular, road haulage to China through Kazakhstan, and the challenges and prospects for the use and development of the Kaliningrad region transit potential are allocated. The institutional and organizational characteristics of multimodal transport development in cross-border traffic are showed. The findings of the study suggest that the development of cross-border transportation of goods and the transport and transit potential implementation in Eurasian Economic Union countries — can and should provide income for business entities, the budgets of all levels and the public, as well as become the locomotive of industrial and technological modernization as well as institutional and organizational evolution of economic systems and integration associations

The article considers the technical, technological, institutional and organizational barriers of cross-border transportation of goods. The study uses an institutional approach as a methodological alternative to other approaches. The institutional and organizational problems of border crossing points arrangement, the consequences of the application of unified transport documents, the introduction of electronic communication forms are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of demonstration actions, the daily practice of reducing the time of customs procedures and reducing the transaction costs of cross-border freight traffic. At the same time, it is specified that the way of effectiveness increase of cross-border transportation of goods is a simultaneous implementation of technical and institutional innovations. Emphasis is placed on identifying the institutional and organizational features of the international transportation of goods by road, in particular, the problems of the evolution of the customs duties guaranteed payment institute, the permission system in the implementation of cross-border goods traffic. It is especially specified that the state support of national businessmen demands the development of a mechanism providing a parity of the Russian and foreign carriers, at least in the field of freight hauling for the state needs with attraction of credit resources of banks with the state participation. It is emphasized that elimination of all informal (shadow) relations in this sphere has to become the first step on the way of improvement of the institutional environment of the international road haulage. The institutional characteristics of transportation of goods in certain areas, in particular, road haulage to China through Kazakhstan, and the challenges and prospects for the use and development of the Kaliningrad region transit potential are allocated. The institutional and organizational characteristics of multimodal transport development in cross-border traffic are shown. The findings of the study suggest that the development of cross-border transportation of goods and the transport and transit potential implementation in Eurasian Economic Union countries — can and should provide income for business entities, the budgets of all levels and the public, as well as to become the locomotive of industrial and technological modernization and institutional — organizational evolution of economic systems and integration associations.

Objective: the present study is carried out to analyse the provisions of the European Council and Parliament Directive 2011/24/EU on the patients' rights protection in cross-border healthcare, the doctrine and practice of the European Court in this area for future comparative legal analysis of the legislation of the European Union (EU) on the rights protection of cross-border patients with the legislation of the Union state (Russia and Belarus), as well as the Eurasian Economic Union.Methods: general and specific scientific methods of research were used, including systematic and structured, problem-theoretical, formal-legal, logical methods, etc.Results: the provisions of the Directive 2011/24/EU were analyzed, regarding the rights of patients who use health services or receive medical emergency aid on the territory of another member state of the EU; the doctrine and practice of the European Court in the field of cross-border healthcare were studied and analyzed.Scientific novelty: for the first time the analysis of the Directive 2011/24/EU was carried out, which synthesized the recent practice of the Euro- pean Court in the field of cross-border healthcare, establishing new regulations to ensure high quality and efficient health service in the territory of another member state of the EU; the assumptions were studied and analyzed that have been the reasons fro codification of patients' rights at the supranational level.Practical significance: the researched provisions could be used in law enforcement, scientific and legislative practice in the implementation of patients' rights in cross-border aspect of the Union states of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus, and with the deepening of the Eurasian integration - by the Eurasian Economic Union.

The article analyses the reaction of top officials, politicians and representatives of the expert community of the Eurasian Economic Union member countries on the aggravation of "Ukrainian crisis" in the context of plans and directions for further Eurasian integration. Today, in the scientific community is becoming a popular" dilemma of integration " as a systematic pattern that determines the development of relations between the integration associations. The dilemma of integration is a political phenomenon, a regular and predictable. Ukrainian crisis, which has become a litmus test of conflict of representations of the CIS countries on the extent and depth of their involvement in the processes of regional integration , most clearly outlined the presence of such dilemma within the CIS. In the current situation for Belarus and Kazakhstan as two , along with Russia , the main designers of the Eurasian field, the dilemma of integration takes a fundamentally different meaning and becomes a so-called "Dilemma of integrations", or contradiction between the desire of these countries to secure the most favorable conditions in its relations with Moscow and reluctance to fully bear the burden of the costs and constraints arising in relations with the EU due to the commitments of the EAEC. Based on the material of the official position of the representatives of Republic of Kazakhstan and the Republic of Belarus the author of the article explores the implications of the Ukrainian crisis in relations of Three: Moscow, Astana and Minsk.