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【Objective】 To investigate the performance difference between the Particle Swarm algorithm and the Beetle Swarm Optimization algorithm in solving the water distribution model of a two-level canal system in irrigation districts, as well as the common characteristics of the optimized water distribution schemes. 【Method】 This study takes the two-level canal system of Dagong Irrigation District as the research object, and divides it into eighteen water distribution scenarios according to different water use situations in the irrigation district. The total amount of irrigation water, the amount of water leakage and the fluctuation of the flow rate of the main canal are used as the optimization objectives. The decision-making variables are the flow rate of the sub-main canals and the opening and closing time points of the water transmission. Construct a multi-objective two-level canal distribution model, solve it using the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm and the Beetle Swarm Optimization algorithm respectively, and comprehensively evaluate the performance of the two algorithms based on the solution results combined with entropy weight-TOPSIS method. 【Result】 The evaluation results of entropy weight-TOPSIS method show that the performance of the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm is better than the Beetle Swarm Optimization algorithm, but the computational speed of the latter is significantly faster than that of the former. In addition, the water distribution schemes solved by the two algorithms under the same water use situation are close to each other, and there is a common law between the optimized water distribution flow and duration of the sub-main canal. 【Conclusion】 The results of the study can provide suggestions for the management of water distribution in two canal systems in irrigation districts and provide a basis for selection algorithms.