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エスニックコミュニティが形成され，そのコミュニティ属性を有するエスニック集団が地域社会に適応する過程で，エスニック集団内部に社会経済的格差が生じると考えられる。本研究では，エスニック集団の地域への適応過程と社会経済的格差の関係について考察を行っている。本研究で検証に用いる調査データは早稲田大学人間科学学術院アジア社会論研究室が実施した在日ムスリム調査 の個票データである。在日ムスリムの滞在目的，生活志向別によるタイプ分類をクラスター分析により行う。次に在日ムスリムの適応過程については，適応要因を順序ロジット回帰分析により適応確率という視点から析出する。適応要因の１つの重要な視点として，生活志向別のタイプ分類を独立変数の一つとして投入する。これにより，在日ムスリムの内部格差と適応過程についての関係についての考察を行う。解析の結果，３つのクラスターを析出した。各クラスターをタイプ別に命名すると，次の通りである。タイプⅠ：＜知識吸収型＞，タイプⅡ：＜豊かな暮らし・事業志向型＞，タイプⅢ：＜お金・仕事模索＞。次に，在日ムスリムの地域社会への適応確率を順序ロジット回帰分析により検証を行った。従属変数である適応度に対して有意（P

В статье приведены результаты исследования состояния здоровья, образа жизни и особенностей физической активности студентов младших курсов медицинского института. Установлено, что увеличивается количество юношей и девушек с хроническими заболеваниями, с заболеваниями двух и более систем организма. Выявлено, что каждый третий обучающийся употребляет алкогольные напитки, каждый пятый – курит. В режиме дня студентов отмечаются существенные нарушения. Большая часть опрошенных молодых людей испытывает дефицит сна, не соблюдает режим питания. Среди основных причин этих нарушений указано влияние большого объема учебной нагрузки., The article presents the results of a study of health, lifestyle and features of physical activity of undergraduate students of medical institute. Increasing number of young people with chronic diseases and diseases of more then two systems of the body was found. It was revealed that every third student drinks alcohol, every fifth student smokes. In the mode of day of students there are significant violations. Most of them experienced sleep deficit and did not comply with the diet. Students pointed to a large amount of the teaching load as a cause of these violations.

This diploma thesis focuses on the monitoring of hemodynamics in intensive care units; the main objective was to create an educational material for newly employed nurses. This educational material should facilitate the adaptation process of nurses at Anaesthesiology-Resuscitation Units (AR) or Intensive Care Units (ICU).The diploma thesis is divided in two parts: theoretical and empirical. The topics covered by the theoretical part include the concept of intensive care, the technical equipment, the scope of work of intensive care nurses, anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system, cardiovascular system monitoring, hemodynamic monitoring, adaptation of new nurses at the workplace, and the possibilities of educational methods aimed at newly employed nurses. The empirical part was conducted as qualitative inquiry in the form of interview. The interviews were semi-standardised and they were held at the AR unit in the České Budějovice Hospital. The subjects were the nurses from the RES 1 and RES 2 stations. The first part of the research inquiry consisted in interviews with the nurses at the Anaesthesiology-Resuscitation unit. The interviews were not taped, due to the respondents' request. All the answers were carefully recorded and immediately transcribed and processed to prevent any inaccuracy of information. The results were organised in charts according to the categorisations, in a well-arranged manner. The second phase consisted in creating the educational material for the newly employed nurses and the third phase concluded the project by distributing the educational materials at the hospital unit where the interviews were conducted. The nurses could therefore assess whether the educational material meets their requirements and will be useful in practice. The respondents were interviewed again and the results were subsequently also organised in charts.The results of the research inquiry show that the nurses at the Anaesthesiology-Resuscitation Unit in the České Budějovice Hospital perceive the correct hemodynamic monitoring as important, that they know what hemodynamic monitoring is and are aware of the monitoring possibilities. The nurses of this unit perform both invasive and non-invasive monitoring of hemodynamic parameters. The basic task is measuring the central venous pressure and arterial pressure. Other parameters are monitored by the doctors with the application of the Swan-Ganz catheter. The most frequently used monitors are PICCO, Lidco, Vigileo and Vigilance. All interviewed respondents agreed that their only help during the adaptation process was the manufacturers' materials and the advice from the nurse-trainers. A small part of the respondents was trained directly by the company distributing the monitors. The final phase of the research inquiry revealed that the nurses like the new educational material but they are afraid that it will end up collecting dust as the other materials supplied by students. The interviews established that it is easier to directly communicate the necessary information to the new nurses along with practical demonstration than to recommend an educational material for studying of at least the theoretical part.