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Zhang, Qian, Pizzorno, Andrés, Miorin, Lisa, Bastard, Paul, Gervais, Adrian, Le Voyer, Tom, Bizien, Lucy, Manry, Jeremy, Rosain, Jérémie, Philippot, Quentin, Goavec, Kelian, Wroblewski, Isabelle, Husebye, Eystein, Fellay, Jacques, Pothier, Pierre, Morand, Patrice, Navarrete, Nicolás, Franco, José Luis, Uddin, Mohammed J., Carratalà, Jordi, Merino Díaz, Laura, Palomo, Virginia, Seppänen, Mikko R.J., Särekannu, Karita, Aiuti, Alessandro, Retamar Gentil, Pilar, Debette, Stéphanie, Belot, Alexandre, Abel, Laurent, Soler Palacín, Pere, Abad Arranz, Maria, Aguilar Guisado, Manuela, Meyts, Isabelle, Casanova, Jean-Laurent, Gonzalez Granado, Luis L., Butte, Manish J., Itan, Yuval, Escoresca Ortega, Ana, Morio, Tomohiro, Padey, Blandine, Niubó, Jordi, Gallardo Ríos, Rafaela, Lau, Yu-lung, Triantafyllia, Vasiliki, Briones, Marisa, Saker, Kahina, Richard, Pascale, Drolet, Beth A., Espinosa Padilla, Sara, Wauters, Joost, Peigue Lafeuille, Helene, Valiente, Adoración, El Baghdadi, Jamila, Tiberghien, Pierre, Balsera-manzanero, María, Zins, Marie, Hammarström, Lennart, Andreakos, Evangelos, Notarangelo, Luigi D., Prando, Carolina, Condino-neto, Antonio, Dominguez Pinilla, Nerea, Aydillo, Teresa, Okamoto, Keisuke, Soumaré, Aïcha, Karamitros, Timokratis, Medina, Rafael A., Kisand, Kai, Ramírez Duque, Nieves, Feys, Simon, Romero Oraa, Laura, Kuo, Chen-yen, Lei, Wei-te, Quintana Murci, Lluis, Milner, Joshua D., Ku, Cheng-lung, Van De Beek, Diederik, Hsieh, Elena W.Y., Tal, Galit, Fournet, Thomas, Cerba Healthcare Group, Patural, Hugues, Novelli, Giuseppe, Lyon Antigrippe Working Group, Arias, Andrés A., Rovina, Nikoletta, Rodríguez-gallego, Carlos, Puel, Anne, Jouanguy, Emmanuelle, Vinh, Donald C., Henny, Joseph, Mogensen, Trine H., Cobat, Aurélie, Casari, Giorgio, Ramaswamy, Sathishkumar, Abelenda Alonso, Gabriela, Morel, Pascal, Trouillet Assant, Sophie, Tzourio, Christophe, Gallian, Pierre, Reipi Inf Working Group, García Sastre, Adolfo, Constantinescu, Stefan N., Hamzeh Cognasse, Hind, Haerynck, Filomeen, Flores, Carlos, Bousfiha, Ahmed A., García Salum, Tamara, Shahrooei, Mohammed, Slaby, Ondrej, Fragkou, Paraskevi C., Argaud, Laurent, Shcherbina, Anna, Al-muhsen, Saleh, Biggs, Catherine M., Bogunovic, Dusan, Planas, Anna M., Heath, James R., Von Bernuth, Horst, Dufouil, Carole, Bolze, Alexandre, Boeuf, Benoit, Rodríguez Gallego, Carlos, Christodoulou, John, Bondarenko, Anastasiia, Martin, Fernando, Koltsida, Ourania, Sediva, Anna, Ruiz Hernandez, José Juan, Bonneaudeau, Brigitte, Cannet, Dorothée, Etablissement Français Du Sang Study Group, Froidure, Antoine, Laurent, Emilie, Galani, Ioanna Evdokia, Gregersen, Peter K., Lemonnier, Sylvie, Spaan, András N., Darmon, Michael, Grimbacher, Bodo, Del Mar Muñoz Garcia, Maria, Zawadzki, Pawel, Henrickson, Sarah E., O'farrelly, Cliona, Rosa Calatrava, Manuel, Lachaize, Morgane, Okada, Satoshi, Vanker, Martti, Bryceson, Yenan, Ling, Yun, Cooper, Megan A., Lucas, Carrie L., Maniatis, Tom, Romero Vázquez, Gloria María, Mansouri, Davood, Castagnoli, Riccardo, Maródi, László, Mironska, Kristina, Rapti, Vasiliki, Baris Feldman, Hagit, Pozzetto, Bruno, Renia, Laurent, Tancevski, Ivan, Imai, Kohsuke, Ozcelik, Tayfun, Pan-hammarström, Qiang, Al-mulla, Fahd, Pape, Jean W., Etzioni, Amos, Souweine, Bertrand, Perez De Diego, Rebeca, Sánchez Cordero, Maria Jose, Solé Violán, Jordi, Perlin, David S., Queromes, Gregory, Anderson, Mark S., Resnick, Igor, Pesole, Graziano, Su, Helen C., Vanderbeke, Lore, Hagin, David, Jeanne, Michel, Desai, Murkesh, Ferres, Marcela, Sánchez Céspedes, Javier, Perroquin, Magali, Ng, Lisa F.P., Abou Tayoun, Ahmad, Le Corre, Nicole, Snow, Andrew L., Temel, Şehime Gülsün, Tsiodras, Sotirios, Coeuret Pellicer, Mireille, Javouhey, Etienne, Turvey, Stuart E., Covid Human Genetic Effort, Rombauts, Alexander, Zatz, Mayana, Uddin, K.m. Furkan, Fievet, Nathalie, Jarvis, Erich D., Rodríguez De Castro, Felipe, Ferreres, José, Flaig, Amandine, Pujol, Aurora, Cognasse, Fabrice, Sancho Shimizu, Vanessa, Nadif, Rachel, Hanna, Suhair, Constances Cohort, Goldberg, Marcel, Brodin, Petter, Le Got, Stéphane, Ozguler, Anna, Quenot, Jean Pierre, Novelli, Antonio, Cordero, Elisa, Colomb, Benoit, Cupic, Anastasija, Mehlal Sedkaoui, Souad, Sallette, Jérôme, Hernu, Romain, Bustamante, Carlos D., Lina, Bruno, Halwani, Rabih, Casalegno, Jean Sebastien, Schwebel, Carole, Salamanca Rivera, Celia, 3C-Dijon Study, Tangye, Stuart G., Dalgard, Clifton L., Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Rockefeller University, St. Giles Foundation, National Institutes of Health (US), National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (US), Fisher Center for Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Meyer Foundation, JPB Foundation, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), European Commission, Square Foundation, Ministre de l'Enseignement Supérieur, de la Recherche et de l'Innovation (France), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (France), Université Paris Cité, Center for Research for Influenza Pathogenesis (US), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (US), Center of Excellence for Influenza Research and Response (US) CEIRR, Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (Chile), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Ministère des Solidarités et de la Santé (France), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Fundación Mapfre, Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica, Cabildo de Tenerife, Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation, Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, Fondation Bettencourt Schueller, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (España), Junta de Andalucía, Research Foundation - Flanders, Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IHU) (Imagine - U1163), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Etablissement Français du Sang [La Plaine Saint-Denis] (EFS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Microbiologie Appliquée (LBMA), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de Référence des Virus des Infections Respiratoires (dont la Grippe) [Lyon] (CNR - laboratoire associé), Institut des Agents Infectieux [Lyon] (IAI), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), 01057100, HORIZON-HLTH-2021-DISEASE-04, MESRI-COVID-19, ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID, P18-RT-3320, CGIEU0000219140, RTC-2017-6471-1, REIPI RD16/0016/0009, National Institutes of Health, NIH: R01AI088364, R01AI163029, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, HHMI, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID: 75N93021C00014, U19AI135972, U19AI142733, U19AI168631, Jeffrey Modell Foundation, JMF, Glenn Foundation for Medical Research, GFMR: ANRS-COV05, EA20170638020, EQU201903007798, Pfizer, Albert Ellis Institute, AEI, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NCATS: UL1 TR001866, JPB Foundation, JPBF, Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, H2020: 824110, Fondation du Souffle, FdS, College of Natural Resources and Sciences, Humboldt State University, CNRS, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, MCIU, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables, ITER, SCOR Corporate Foundation for Science, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR: ANR-10-IAHU-01, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm, Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYT: 1161971, 1212023, Association Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie, ANRT, Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, FWO: G0B5120N, G0C8517N, G0E8420N, KU Leuven: C16/18/007, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII: COV20_01333, COV20_01334, PI12/01565, European Regional Development Fund, ERDF: CB21/13/00006, University of the East, UE, Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation, ΕΛ.ΙΔ.Ε.Κ, Université de Paris, SINOVAC outside the submitted work. P. Retamar-Gentil reported personal fees from Merck outside the submitted work. I. Meyts reported grants from CSL-Behring outside the submitted work. E. Andreakos reported grants from Janssen Pharmaceuticals during the conduct of the study. J. Wauters reported grants and personal fees from Pfizer and Gilead outside the submitted work. L. Vanderbeke reported grants from Research Foundation Flanders and non-financial support from Pfizer outside the submitted work. S. Feys reported grants from Pfizer outside the submitted work. J. Casalegno reported 'other' from Pfizer and grants from Sanofi outside the submitted work. M. Rosa-Calatrava reported a patent to WO2016/146836 licensed (Signia Therapeutics), a patent to WO2017/174593 licensed (Signia Therapeutics), and a patent to WO2019/224489 licensed (Signia Therapeutics), and is the co-founder of Signia Therapeutics SAS. S. Trouillet-Assant reported non-financial support from BioMérieux outside the submitted work. A. Garcia-Sastre reported 'other' from Vivaldi Biosciences, Pagoda, Contrafect, Vaxalto, Accurius, Curelab oncology, and Curelab veterinary, personal fees from Avimex, 7Hills, Esperovax, Pfizer, Farmak, Applied Biological Laboratories, Paratus, Pharmamar, Pfizer, and Synairgen, grants from Pfizer, Pharmamar, Blade Therapeutics, Avimex, Accurius, Dyna-vax, Kenall Manufacturing, ImmunityBio, Nanocomposix, Merck, Model Medicines, Atea Pharma, Shenwa Biosciences, Johnson & Johnson, 7 Hills, Hexamer, N-fold LLC, and Applied Biological Laboratories outside the submitted work, in addition, A. Garcia-Sastre had a patent for influenza virus vaccines and uses thereof issued, and invited speaker in meeting events organized by Seqirus, Janssen, Abbott, and Astrazeneca. J. Casanova reported a patent to PCT/US2021/ 042741 pending. No other disclosures were reported., We thank Dr. Cato Jacobs for her contribution to the sampling of UZLeuven patients in Belgium. The Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases is supported by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, the Rockefeller University, the St. Giles Foundation, the National Institutes of Health (NIH, R01AI088364 and R01AI163029), the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH Clinical and Translational Science Award program (UL1 TR001866), the Fisher Center for Alzheimer’s Research Foundation, the Meyer Foundation, the JPB Foundation, the French National Research Agency (ANR) under the 'Investments for the Future' program (ANR-10-IAHU-01), the Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory of Excellence (ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), the French Foundation for Medical Research (EQU201903007798), the ANRS-COV05, ANR-RHU program ANR-21-RHUS-08, ANR GENVIR (ANR-20-CE93-003), ANR GenMISC (ANR-21-COVR-0039), and ANR AABIFNCOV (ANR-20-CO11-0001) projects, the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement 824110 (EASI-genomics), the HORIZON-HLTH-2021-DISEASE-04 program under grant agreement 01057100 (UNDINE), the Square Foundation, Grandir–Fonds de solidarité pour l’enfance, the Fondation du Souffle, the SCOR Corporate Foundation for Sci-ence, the French Ministry of Higher Education, Research, and Innovation (MESRI-COVID-19), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), REACTing-INSERM, and the Université Paris Cité. This work was partly supported by the Center for Research on Influenza Pathogenesis and Transmis-sion, a National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)–funded Center of Excellence for Influenza Research and Response (contract no. 75N93021C00014), and the FLUOMICS Consortium (NIH-NIAID grant U19AI135972) to both A. García-Sastre and R.A. Medina, and by NIAID grant U19AI142733 and U19AI168631 to A. García-Sastre. Work in the Medina laboratory was also supported by the PIA ACT 1408, FONDECYT 1161971 and 1212023 grants from Agencia Nacional de Investigación y De-sarrollo of Chile. The VirPath team is supported by INSERM REACTing (Research & Action Emerging Infectious Diseases), CNRS, and Mérieux Research grants. B. Padey is supported by an ANRT CIFRE PhD scholarship. For the Lyon cohort, specimen collection and study was supported by a grant from the French Ministry of Health PHRC-I 2013 ANTIGRIPPE. C. Rodríguez-Gallego and colleagues were supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (COV20_01333, COV20_01334, and PI12/01565, Spanish Ministry for Science and Innovation RTC-2017-6471-1, AEI/ FEDER, UE), Grupo DISA, Fundación MAPFRE Guanarteme, Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica and Cab-ildo Insular de Tenerife (CGIEU0000219140 and 'Apuestas, científicas del Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables para colaborar en la lucha contra la COVID-19'). E. Andreakos is supported by the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (INTERFLU, no. 1574). P. Bastard was supported by the French Foundation for Medical Research (EA20170638020) and by the MD-PhD program of the Imagine Institute (with the support of the Fondation Bettencourt-Schueller). This study was supported by Plan Nacional de I+D+i 2013-2016 and In-stituto de Salud Carlos III, Subdirección General de Redes y Centros de Investigación Cooperativa, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD16/0016/0009), cofinanced by European Regional Development Fund 'A way to achieve Eu-rope', Operative Program Intelligence Growth 2014-2020 (CB21/13/00006) also was supported by CIBER-Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and Unión Europea–Next Generation EU and Consejería de Economía, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidad, Secretaría General de Universidades, Investigación y Tecnología, Junta de Andalucía, Spain (P18-RT-3320). I. Meyts is a Senior Clinical Investigator at the Research Foundation–Flanders and is supported by the CSL Behring Chair of Primary Immunodeficiencies, a CSL-Behring Research Grant, KU Leuven C1 grant C16/18/007, a VIB GC PID Grant, Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek grants G0C8517N, G0B5120N, and G0E8420N, and the Jeffrey Modell Foundation. Open Access funding provided by Rockefeller University. Author contributions: Q. Zhang, A. Pizzorno, L. Miorin, P., The Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases is supported by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, the Rockefeller University, the St. Giles Foundation, the National Institutes of Health (NIH, R01AI088364 and R01AI163029), the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH Clinical and Translational Science Award program (UL1 TR001866), the Fisher Center for Alzheimer’s Research Foundation, the Meyer Foundation, the JPB Foundation, the French National Research Agency (ANR) under the 'Investments for the Future' program (ANR-10-IAHU-01), the Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory of Excellence (ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), the French Foundation for Medical Research (EQU201903007798), the ANRS-COV05, ANR-RHU program ANR-21-RHUS-08, ANR GENVIR (ANR-20-CE93-003), ANR GenMISC (ANR-21-COVR-0039), and ANR AABIFNCOV (ANR-20-CO11-0001) projects, the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement 824110 (EASI-genomics), the HORIZON-HLTH-2021-DISEASE-04 program under grant agreement 01057100 (UNDINE), the Square Foundation, Grandir–Fonds de solidarité pour l’enfance, the Fondation du Souffle, the SCOR Corporate Foundation for Science, the French Ministry of Higher Education, Research, and Innovation (MESRI-COVID-19), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), REACTing-INSERM, and the Université Paris Cité. This work was partly supported by the Center for Research on Influenza Pathogenesis and Transmission, a National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)–funded Center of Excellence for Influenza Research and Response (contract no. 75N93021C00014), and the FLUOMICS Consortium (NIH-NIAID grant U19AI135972) to both A. García-Sastre and R.A. Medina, and by NIAID grant U19AI142733 and U19AI168631 to A. García-Sastre. Work in the Medina laboratory was also supported by the PIA ACT 1408, FONDECYT 1161971 and 1212023 grants from Agencia Nacional de Investigación y De-sarrollo of Chile. The VirPath team is supported by INSERM REACTing (Research & Action Emerging Infectious Diseases), CNRS, and Mérieux Research grants. B. Padey is supported by an ANRT CIFRE PhD scholarship. For the Lyon cohort, specimen collection and study was supported by a grant from the French Ministry of Health PHRC-I 2013 ANTIGRIPPE. C. Rodríguez-Gallego and colleagues were supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (COV20_01333, COV20_01334, and PI12/01565, Spanish Ministry for Science and Innovation RTC-2017-6471-1, AEI/ FEDER, UE), Grupo DISA, Fundación MAPFRE Guanarteme, Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica and Cabildo Insular de Tenerife (CGIEU0000219140 and 'Apuestas, científicas del Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables para colaborar en la lucha contra la COVID-19'). E. Andreakos is supported by the Hellenic Foundation for Research and, Innovation (INTERFLU, no. 1574). P. Bastard was supported by the French Foundation for Medical Research (EA20170638020) and by the MD-PhD program of the Imagine Institute (with the support of the Fondation Bettencourt-Schueller). This study was supported by Plan Nacional de I+D+i 2013-2016 and In-stituto de Salud Carlos III, Subdirección General de Redes y Centros de Investigación Cooperativa, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD16/0016/0009), cofinanced by European Regional Development Fund 'A way to achieve Europe', Operative Program Intelligence Growth 2014-2020 (CB21/13/00006) also was supported by CIBER-Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and Unión Europea–Next Generation EU and Consejería de Economía, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidad, Secretaría General de Universidades, Investigación y Tecnología, Junta de Andalucía, Spain (P18-RT-3320). I. Meyts is a Senior Clinical Investigator at the Research Foundation–Flanders and is supported by the CSL Behring Chair of Primary Immunodeficiencies, a CSL-Behring Research Grant, KU Leuven C1 grant C16/18/007, a VIB GC PID Grant, Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek grants G0C8517N, G0B5120N, and G0E8420N, and the Jeffrey Modell Foundation. Open Access funding provided by Rockefeller University., ANR-20-CO11-0001,AABIFNCOV,Bases génétiques et immunologiques des auto-anticorps contre les interférons de type I prédisposant aux formes sévères de COVID-19.(2020), ANR-20-CE93-0003,GENVIR,Analyse multi-omique de l'immunité anti-virale: de l'identification des circuits biologiques pertinents à la découverte de défauts monogéniques héréditaires de l'immunité chez les patients avec infections virales sévères(2020), ANR-21-COVR-0039,GenMIS-C,Recherche des Déficits immunitaires innées monogéniques prédisposant au syndrome inflammatoire multisystémique chez l'enfant.(2021), and ANR-21-RHUS-0008,COVIFERON,Covid-19 and interferons: from discovery to therapy(2021)

Warren J. Leonard, Nima Rezaei, Kathryn Payne, Isabelle Meyts, Laurent Abel, Cindy S. Ma, Marianne Leruez-Ville, Janet Chou, Alain Hovnanian, Jian-Xin Lin, Simon J. Pelham, Danielle T. Avery, Matthieu Bouaziz, Bethany Pillay, Tanwir Habib, Anne Puel, Sevgi Keles, Juan Li, Isabelle Pellier, Jamel El-Benna, Bernhard Fleckenstein, Ahmet Ozen, Vivien Béziat, Ingrid Müller-Fleckenstein, Damien Chaussabel, Samaneh Zoghi, Yi Wang, Paul Gray, Matthias Titeux, Yoann Zerbib, Talal A. Chatila, Marie-Alexandra Alyanakian, Capucine Picard, Orli Wargon, Ayper Somer, Marie-Olivia Chandesris, Thibaut Leclercq, Ibtihal Benhsaien, Aziz Belkadi, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Romain Lévy, Peng Li, Geetha Rao, Ai Ing Lim, James P. Di Santo, Nico Marr, Sylvie Fraitag, Frédégonde About, Elissa K. Deenick, Bertrand Boisson, Jacinta Bustamante, Mélanie Migaud, Bodo Grimbacher, Aziz Bousfiha, Fatima Ailal, Safa Baris, Antoine Guérin, Stuart G. Tangye, Romain Guery, Ning Du, Vimel Rattina, Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IMAGINE - U1163), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Rockefeller University [New York], National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Garvan Institute of Medical Research [Darlinghurst, Australia], University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), CHU Ibn Rochd [Casablanca], Université Hassan II [Casablanca] (UH2MC), Service d'Immuno-Hémato-Oncologie Pédiatrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences [Tehran] (SBUMS), Shahid Beheshti University, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Marmara University [Kadıköy - İstanbul], Necmettin Erbakan University [Konya, Turquie], Immunité Innée, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Boston Children's Hospital, Centre d'infectiologie Necker-Pasteur [CHU Necker], CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Sidra Medicine, Centre de recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI (UMR_S_1149 / ERL_8252 / U1149)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Freiburg University Medical Center, Sydney children's hospital, Centre de Référence Déficits Immunitaires Héréditaires (CEREDIH), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Genetic skin diseases : from disease mechanism to therapies (Equipe Inserm U1163), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de pathologie [CHU Necker], Service d'immuno-hématologie pédiatrique [CHU Necker], Laboratoire de Virologie [CHU Necker], Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Centre d'étude des Déficits Immunitaires, University Hospitals Leuven [Leuven], Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Istanbul University, Research Center for Immunodeficiencies [Tehran, Iran], Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), University of New South Wales [Canberra Campus] (UNSW), Howard Hughes Medical Institute [New York], New York University School of Medicine, NYU System (NYU)-NYU System (NYU)-Rockefeller University [New York]-Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC), This work was supported by grants from INSERM, Paris Descartes University, Laboratoire d’Excellence Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases (ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), the Jeffrey Modell Foundation Translational Research Program, the French National Research Agency (ANR, grant nos. GENCMCD-ANR-11-BSV3–005-01, HGDIFD-ANR-14-CE15-0006-01, NKIR-ANR-13-PDOC-0025-01, and EURO-CMC-ANR-14-RARE-0005-02), and grants awarded under the 'Investissement d’avenir' program (grant no. ANR-10-IAHU-01), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the NIH (grant nos. U01AI109697 and R01AI127564), the Rockefeller University, the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, the St. Giles Foundation, the Institut Pasteur, and FP7, under grant agreements 305578 (PathCO) and 317057 (HOMIN). We thank the Centre de Recherche Translationnelle (Institut Pasteur) for technical assistance. V.B. is supported by the ANR (grant no. NKIR-ANR-13-PDOC-0025-01). R.L. is supported by the INSERM Ph.D. program (Poste d’Accueil INSERM), a Fulbright grant (Franco-American commission), and a Philippe Foundation scholarship. Y.Z. received the 'médaille d’or du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d’Amiens.' Y.W. is supported by the French National Agency for Research on AIDS and Viral Hepatitis (ANRS, grant no. 13318). F. About holds a fellowship from Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM, grant no. FDM20140630671). A.G. is supported by an IFNGPHOX grant (no. ANR13-ISV3-0001-01) from ANR. B.G. was funded by BMBF (German Federal Ministry of Education and Research) grants 01E01303 and 01ZX1306F. I.M. is supported by a klinische onderzoeks-en opleidingsraad (clinical research council) grant from UZ Leuven, a klinisch onderzoeksfonds (clinical research fund) grant from KU Leuven, and an International Mobility Grant from Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (fund for scientific research) Vlaanderen. C.S.M., E.K.D., and S.G.T. are supported by grants and fellowships from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia. C.S.M., P.G., E.K.D., and S.G.T. are members of CIRCA (Clinical Immunogenomics Research Consortia Australia), which is funded by the Office of Health and Medical Research of the NSW Government, the Jeffrey Modell Foundation, and the John Cook Brown Foundation. A.I.L. is a scholar of the Pasteur-Paris University International Ph.D. program and is supported by a Ph.D. International Training Network grant from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Program under grant agreement no. 317057 (HOMIN). T.A.C. was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the NIH (5R01AI065617). S.K. was supported by a grant from the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (1059B191300622). J.-X.L., P.L., N.D., and W.J.L. were supported by the Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH. A.P. was supported by an AP-HP interface contract., We thank the patients and their families for participating in this study. We thank J. E. Darnell and C. Mertens for advice and for providing reagents. We thank the members of the laboratory, especially F. Jabot-Hanin and V. Pedergnana, for their valuable input on linkage analysis, L. Amar, Y. Nemirovskaya, D. Papandrea, E. Anderson, M. Woollett, C. Desvallées, C. Patissier, and M. Corrias for administrative assistance, E. Jouanguy and Y. Itan for helpful discussions, S. Boucherit for clinical data collection, S. Jacques and the Cochin genomics platform for microarray experiments, and N. Goudin and R. Desveaux of the Necker Institute Imaging Facility., Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Garvan Institute of medical research, Immunité Innée - Innate Immunity, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Sidra Medicine [Doha, Qatar], Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universitäts Klinikum Freiburg = University Medical Center Freiburg (Uniklinik), Sydney Children's hospital, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Howard Hughes Medical Institute [New York] (HHMI), Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI)-New York University School of Medicine, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Beziat, Vivien, Li, Juan, Lin, Jian-Xin, Ma, Cindy S., Li, Peng, Bousfiha, Aziz, Pellier, Isabelle, Zoghi, Samaneh, Baris, Safa, Keles, Sevgi, Gray, Paul, Du, Ning, Wang, Yi, Zerbib, Yoann, Levy, Romain, Leclercq, Thibaut, About, Fredegonde, Lim, Ai Ing, Rao, Geetha, Payne, Kathryn, Pelham, Simon J., Avery, Danielle T., Deenick, Elissa K., Pillay, Bethany, Chou, Janet, Guery, Romain, Belkadi, Aziz, Guerin, Antoine, Migaud, Melanie, Rattina, Vimel, Ailal, Fatima, Benhsaien, Ibtihal, Bouaziz, Matthieu, Habib, Tanwir, Chaussabel, Damien, Marr, Nico, El-Benna, Jamel, Grimbacher, Bodo, Wargon, Orli, Bustamante, Jacinta, Boisson, Bertrand, Mueller-Fleckenstein, Ingrid, Fleckenstein, Bernhard, Chandesris, Marie-Olivia, Titeux, Matthias, Fraitag, Sylvie, Alyanakian, Marie-Alexandra, Leruez-Ville, Marianne, Picard, Capucine, Meyts, Isabelle, Di Santo, James P., Hovnanian, Alain, Somer, Ayper, Ozen, Ahmet, Rezaei, Nima, Chatila, Talal A., Abel, Laurent, Leonard, Warren J., Tangye, Stuart G., Puel, Anne, and Casanova, Jean-Laurent

Lee, Danyel, Le Pen, Jérémie, Yatim, Ahmad, Dong, Beihua, Aquino, Yann, Ogishi, Masato, Pescarmona, Rémi, Talouarn, Estelle, Rinchai, Darawan, Zhang, Peng, Perret, Magali, Liu, Zhiyong, Jordan, Iolanda, Elmas Bozdemir, Sefika, Bayhan, Gulsum Iclal, Beaufils, Camille, Bizien, Lucy, Bisiaux, Aurelie, Lei, Weite, Hasan, Milena, Chen, Jie, Gaughan, Christina, Asthana, Abhishek, Libri, Valentina, Luna, Joseph, Jaffré, Fabrice, Hoffmann, H.-Heinrich, Michailidis, Eleftherios, Moreews, Marion, Seeleuthner, Yoann, Bilguvar, Kaya, Mane, Shrikant, Flores, Carlos, Zhang, Yu, Arias, Andrés, Bailey, Rasheed, Schlüter, Agatha, Milisavljevic, Baptiste, Bigio, Benedetta, Le Voyer, Tom, Materna, Marie, Gervais, Adrian, Moncada-Velez, Marcela, Pala, Francesca, Lazarov, Tomi, Levy, Romain, Neehus, Anna-Lena, Rosain, Jérémie, Peel, Jessica, Chan, Yi-Hao, Morin, Marie-Paule, Pino-Ramirez, Rosa Maria, Belkaya, Serkan, Lorenzo, Lazaro, Anton, Jordi, Delafontaine, Selket, Toubiana, Julie, Bajolle, Fanny, Fumadó, Victoria, Dediego, Marta, Fidouh, Nadhira, Rozenberg, Flore, Pérez-Tur, Jordi, Chen, Shuibing, Evans, Todd, Geissmann, Frédéric, Lebon, Pierre, Weiss, Susan, Bonnet, Damien, Duval, Xavier, Pan-Hammarström, Qiang, Planas, Anna, Meyts, Isabelle, Haerynck, Filomeen, Pujol, Aurora, Sancho-Shimizu, Vanessa, Dalgard, Clifford, Bustamante, Jacinta, Puel, Anne, Boisson-Dupuis, Stéphanie, Boisson, Bertrand, Maniatis, Tom, Zhang, Qian, Bastard, Paul, Notarangelo, Luigi, Béziat, Vivien, Perez de Diego, Rebeca, Rodriguez-Gallego, Carlos, Su, Helen, Lifton, Richard, Jouanguy, Emmanuelle, Cobat, Aurélie, Alsina, Laia, Keles, Sevgi, Haddad, Elie, Abel, Laurent, Belot, Alexandre, Quintana-Murci, Lluis, Rice, Charles, Silverman, Robert, Zhang, Shen-Ying, Casanova, Jean-Laurent, Alavoine, Loubna, Behillil, Sylvie, Burdet, Charles, Charpentier, Charlotte, Dechanet, Aline, Descamps, Diane, Ecobichon, Jean-Luc, Enouf, Vincent, Frezouls, Wahiba, Houhou, Nadhira, Kafif, Ouifiya, Lehacaut, Jonathan, Letrou, Sophie, Lina, Bruno, Lucet, Jean-Christophe, Manchon, Pauline, Nouroudine, Mariama, Piquard, Valentine, Quintin, Caroline, Thy, Michael, Tubiana, Sarah, van der Werf, Sylvie, Vignali, Valérie, Visseaux, Benoit, Yazdanpanah, Yazdan, Chahine, Abir, Waucquier, Nawal, Migaud, Maria-Claire, Deplanque, Dominique, Djossou, Félix, Mergeay-Fabre, Mayka, Lucarelli, Aude, Demar, Magalie, Bruneau, Léa, Gérardin, Patrick, Maillot, Adrien, Payet, Christine, Laviolle, Bruno, Laine, Fabrice, Paris, Christophe, Desille-Dugast, Mireille, Fouchard, Julie, Malvy, Denis, Nguyen, Duc, Pistone, Thierry, Perreau, Pauline, Gissot, Valérie, Le Goas, Carole, Montagne, Samatha, Richard, Lucie, Chirouze, Catherine, Bouiller, Kévin, Desmarets, Maxime, Meunier, Alexandre, Lefèvre, Benjamin, Jeulin, Hélène, Legrand, Karine, Lomazzi, Sandra, Tardy, Bernard, Gagneux-Brunon, Amandine, Bertholon, Frédérique, Botelho-Nevers, Elisabeth, Christelle, Kouakam, Nicolas, Leturque, Roufai, Layidé, Amat, Karine, Couffin-Cadiergues, Sandrine, Espérou, Hélène, Hendou, Samia, Abolhassani, Hassan, Aguilera-Albesa, Sergio, Aiuti, Alessandro, Akcan, Ozge Metin, Akcay, Nihal, Alkan, Gulsum, Alkhater, Suzan, Allende, Luis Miguel, Alper, Yosunkaya, Amenzoui, Naima, Anderson, Mark, Arkin, Lisa, Aubart, Melodie, Avramenko, Iryna, Aydemir, Şehnaz, Gayretli Aydin, Zeynep Gökçe, Aytekin, Caner, Aytekin, Gökhan, Erol Aytekin, Selma, Bando, Silvia Yumi, Beland, Kathie, Biggs, Catherine, Bilbao Aburto, Agurtzane, Blanchard-Rohner, Geraldine, Blázquez-Gamero, Daniel, Bloomfield, Marketa, Bogunovic, Dusan, Bondarenko, Anastasia, Borghesi, Alessandro, Bousfiha, Amed Aziz, Boyarchuk, Oksana, Brodin, Petter, Bryceson, Yenan, Bucciol, Giorgia, Calcaterra, Valeria, Casari, Giorgio, Cavalcanti, Andre, Celik, Jale Bengi, Chrousos, George, Colobran, Roger, Condino-Neto, Antonio, Conti, Francesca, Cooper, Megan, Coskuner, Taner, Cyrus, Cyril, D’auria, Enza, Drolet, Beth, Bursal Duramaz, Burcu, El Zein, Loubna, Elnagdy, Marwa, Emiroglu, Melike, Erdeniz, Emine Hafize, Fabi, Marianna, Baris Feldman, Hagit, Fellay, Jacques, Fencl, Filip, Filippatos, Filippos, Freiss, Julie, Fremuth, Jiri, Gagro, Alenka, Garcia-Solis, Blanca, Vergine, Gianluca, González-Montelongo, Rafaela, Gul, Yahya, Gülhan, Belgin, Gultekin, Sara Sebnem Kilic, Gut, Marta, Halwani, Rabih, Hammarström, Lennart, Hatipoğlu, Nevin, Heath, James, Henrickson, Sarah, Hernandez-Brito, Elisa, Hoffman, Ilse, Hoste, Levi, Hsieh, Elena, Íñigo-Campos, Antonio, Itan, Yuval, Jabandziev, Petr, Kandemir, Bahar, Kanık-Yüksek, Saliha, Kapakli, Hasan, Karbuz, Adem, Kasapcopur, Ozgur, Kechiche, Robin, Kendir Demirkol, Yasemin, Kilic, Omer, Hansen, Stella Kim, Klocperk, Adam, Lau, Yu-Lung, Lebl, Jan, Lorenzo-Salazar, José, Lucas, Carrie, Maglorius, Majistor, Marque, Laura, Novoa Medina, Yeray, Montesdeoca Melián, Abián, Mentis, Alexios-Fotios, Pato, Michele, Michos, Athanasios, Milner, Joshua, Mogensen, Trine, Muñoz-Barrera, Adrián, Nepesov, Serdar, Farela Neves, João, Ng, Ashley, Ng, Lisa, Novelli, Antonio, Novelli, Giuseppe, Oz, Fatma Nur, Ocejo-Viñals, J. Gonzalo, Okada, Satoshi, Orbak, Zerrin, Kilic, Ahmet Osman, Ouair, Hind, Öz, Şadiye Kübra Tüter, Özçelik, Tayfun, Özkan, Esra Akyüz, Parlakay, Aslınur Özkaya, Pato, Carlos, Paz-Artal, Estela, Pelham, Simon, Pellier, Isabelle, Philippot, Quentin, Planas-Serra, Laura, Plassart, Samira, Pokorna, Petra, Polat, Meltem, Poli, Cecilia, Prando, Carolina, Renia, Laurent, Rivière, Jacques, Rodríguez-Palmero, Agustí, Roussel, Lucie, Rubio-Rodriguez, Luis, Salifu, Moro, Sasek, Lumir, Sasia, Laura, Scherbina, Anna, Schmitt, Erica, Sediva, Anna, Sevketoglu, Esra, Slaba, Katerina, Slaby, Ondrej, Sobh, Ali, Solé-Violán, Jordi, Soler-Palacin, Pere, de Somer, Lien, Sözeri, Betül, Spaan, András, Stepanovskiy, Yuriy, Tangye, Stuart, Tanir, Gonul, Tatsi, Elizabeth Barbara, Thorball, Christian, Hancerli Torun, Selda, Turvey, Stuart, Uddin, Mohammed, Uyar, Emel, Valencia-Ramos, Juan, van den Rym, Ana Maria, Vatansev, Hulya, Castillo de Vera, Martín, Vermeulen, François, Vinh, Donald, Volokha, Alla, von Bernuth, Horst, Wouters, Carine, Yahşi, Aysun, Yarar, Volkan, Yesilbas, Osman, Yıldız, Mehmet, Zatz, Mayana, Zawadzki, Pawel, Zuccotti, Gianvincenzo, Rockefeller University [New York], Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IHU) (Imagine - U1163), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut de génétique humaine (IGH), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génomique évolutive, modélisation et santé (GEMS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de référence des rhumatismes inflammatoires et maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares de l’enfant / National Referee Centre for Rheumatic and AutoImmune and Systemic Diseases in Children [Lyon] (RAISE), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud [CHU - HCL] (CHLS), Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Sidra Medicine [Doha, Qatar], BIOASTER Technology Research Institute, Lyon, France, St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Department of Paediatrics and Intensive Care, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Deu, Human genetics of infectious diseases : Mendelian predisposition (Equipe Inserm U1163), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Département de Pédiatrie et maladies infectieuses [CHU Necker], CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Génétique Evolutive Humaine - Human Evolutionary Genetics, Centre de Recherche Translationnelle - Center for Translational Science (CRT), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Shanghai Jiaotong University, Sheffield Hallam University, Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Infection, Anti-microbiens, Modélisation, Evolution (IAME (UMR_S_1137 / U1137)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Centre d'investigation Clinique [CHU Bichat] - Épidémiologie clinique (CIC 1425), AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Biodiversité et Epidémiologie des Bactéries pathogènes - Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Centre d'Investigation Clinique - Innovation Technologique de Lille - CIC 1403 - CIC 9301 (CIC Lille), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Centre d'Investigation Clinique de La Réunion - INSERM (CIC 1410), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de La Réunion (CHU La Réunion), Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Rennes] (CIC), Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], The Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases is supported by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, the Rockefeller University, the St. Giles Foundation, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (R01AI088364 and R21AI160576), the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), NIH Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) program (UL1TR001866), the Yale Center for Mendelian Genomics and the GSP Coordinating Center funded by the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) (UM1HG006504 and U24HG008956), the Yale High-Performance Computing Center (S10OD018521), the Fisher Center for Alzheimer’s Research Foundation, the Meyer Foundation, the JBP Foundation, the French National Research Agency (ANR) under the 'Investments for the Future' program (ANR-10-IAHU-01), the Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory of Excellence (ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), the French Foundation for Medical Research (FRM) (EQU201903007798), the ANR GenMISC (ANR-21-COVR-039), the ANRS-COV05, ANR GENVIR (ANR-20-CE93-003) and ANR AABIFNCOV (ANR-20-CO11-0001) projects, the ANR-RHU program (ANR-21-RHUS-08), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement 824110 (EASI-genomics), the HORIZON-HLTH-2021-DISEASE-04 program under grant agreement 01057100 (UNDINE), the ANR-RHU Program ANR-21-RHUS-08 (COVIFERON), the Square Foundation, Grandir – Fonds de solidarité pour l’enfance, the Fondation du Souffle, the SCOR Corporate Foundation for Science, the French Ministry of Higher Education, Research, and Innovation (MESRI-COVID-19), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Paris Cité University. We acknowledge support from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) of the NIH under award R01AI104887 to R.H.S. and S.R.W. The Laboratory of Human Evolutionary Genetics (Institut Pasteur) is supported by the Institut Pasteur, the Collège de France, the French Government’s Investissement d’Avenir program, Laboratoires d’Excellence 'Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases' (ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID) and 'Milieu Intérieur' (ANR-10-LABX-69-01), the Fondation de France (no. 00106080), the FRM (Equipe FRM DEQ20180339214 team), and the ANR COVID-19-POPCELL (ANR-21-CO14-0003-01). A.Puj. is supported by ACCI20-759 CIBERER, EasiGenomics H2020 Marató TV3 COVID 2021-31-33, the HORIZON-HLTH-2021-ID: 101057100 (UNDINE), the Horizon 2020 program under grant no. 824110 (EasiGenomics grant no. COVID-19/PID12342), and the CERCA Program/Generalitat de Catalunya. The Canarian Health System sequencing hub was funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (COV20_01333 and COV20_01334), the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (RTC-2017-6471-1, AEI/FEDER, UE), Fundación MAPFRE Guanarteme (OA21/131), and Cabildo Insular de Tenerife (CGIEU0000219140 and 'Apuestas científicas del ITER para colaborar en la lucha contra la COVID-19'). The CoV-Contact Cohort was funded by the French Ministry of Health and the European Commission (RECOVER project). Our studies are also funded by the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic Conceptual Development of Research Organization (FNBr, 65269705) and ANID COVID0999 funding in Chile. G. Novelli and A. Novelli are supported by Regione Lazio (Research Group Projects 2020) No. A0375-2020-36663, GecoBiomark. A.M.P., M.L.D., and J.P.-T. are supported by the Inmungen-CoV2 project of CSIC. This work was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIAID, NIH. The research work of A.M.P, M.L.D., and J.P.-T. was funded by the European Commission –NextGenerationEU (Regulation EU 2020/2094), through CSIC’s Global Health Platform (PTI Salud Global). I.M. is a senior clinical investigator at FWO Vlaanderen supported by a VIB GC PID grant, by FWO grants G0B5120N (DADA2) and G0E8420N, and by the Jeffrey Modell Foundation. I.M. holds an ERC-StG MORE2ADA2 grant and is also supported by ERN-RITA.​ A.Y. is supported by fellowships from the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology and the Swiss National Science Foundation and by an Early Career Award from the Thrasher Research Fund. Y.-H.C. is supported by an A*STAR International Fellowship (AIF). M.O. was supported by the David Rockefeller Graduate Program, the New York Hideyo Noguchi Memorial Society (HNMS), the Funai Foundation for Information Technology (FFIT), the Honjo International Scholarship Foundation (HISF), and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) F99 Award (F99CA274708). A.A.A. was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia Tecnología e Innovación MINCIENCIAS, Colombia (111584467551/CT 415-2020). D.L. is supported by a fellowship from the FRM for medical residents and fellows. E.H. received funding from the Bank of Montreal Chair of Pediatric Immunology, Foundation of CHU Sainte-Justine, CIHR grants PCC-466901 and MM1-181123, and a Canadian Pediatric Society IMPACT study. Q.P.-H. received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (ATAC, 101003650), the Swedish Research Council, and the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation. Work in the Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease was supported by NIH grants P01AI138398-S1, 2U19AI111825, R01AI091707-10S1, and R01AI161444, a George Mason University Fast Grant, the G. Harold and Leila Y. Mathers Charitable Foundation, the Meyer Foundation, and the Bawd Foundation. R.P.L. is on the board of directors of both Roche and the Roche subsidiary Genentech. J.L.P. was supported by a Francois Wallace Monahan Postdoctoral Fellowship at the Rockefeller University and by a European Molecular Biology Organization Long-Term Fellowship (ALTF 380-2018)., ANR-10-IAHU-0001,Imagine,Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Imagine(2010), ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), ANR-21-COVR-0039,GenMIS-C,Recherche des Déficits immunitaires innées monogéniques prédisposant au syndrome inflammatoire multisystémique chez l'enfant.(2021), ANR-20-CE93-0003,GENVIR,Analyse multi-omique de l'immunité anti-virale: de l'identification des circuits biologiques pertinents à la découverte de défauts monogéniques héréditaires de l'immunité chez les patients avec infections virales sévères(2020), ANR-20-CO11-0001,AABIFNCOV,Bases génétiques et immunologiques des auto-anticorps contre les interférons de type I prédisposant aux formes sévères de COVID-19.(2020), ANR-21-RHUS-0008,COVIFERON,Covid-19 and interferons: from discovery to therapy(2021), ANR-10-LABX-0069,MILIEU INTERIEUR,GENETIC & ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF IMMUNE PHENOTYPE VARIANCE: ESTABLISHING A PATH TOWARDS PERSONALIZED MEDICINE(2010), ANR-21-CO14-0003,COVID-19-POPCELL,Facteurs génétiques et infectieux à l'origine de la variabilité populationnelle de la réponse immunitaire à l'infection par le SARS-CoV-2(2021), European Project: 824110,H2020-INFRAIA-2018-1,EASI-Genomics(2019), European Project: 101057100,UNDINE, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Rockefeller University, St. Giles Foundation, National Institutes of Health (US), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Fundación Mapfre, Cabildo de Tenerife, Fundació La Marató de TV3, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Raras (España), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), European Commission, and Pérez-Tur, Jordi

Auriane Cospain, Ana Rivera-Barahona, Erwan Dumontet, Blanca Gener, Isabelle Bailleul-Forestier, Isabelle Meyts, Guillaume Jouret, Bertrand Isidor, Carole Brewer, Wim Wuyts, Leen Moens, Selket Delafontaine, Wayne Wing Keung Lam, Kris Van Den Bogaert, Anneleen Boogaerts, Emmanuel Scalais, Thomas Besnard, Benjamin Cogne, Christophe Guissard, Paul Rollier, Wilfrid Carre, Regis Bouvet, Karin Tarte, Ricardo Gómez-Carmona, Pablo Lapunzina, Sylvie Odent, Marie Faoucher, Christele Dubourg, Víctor L. Ruiz-Pérez, Koen Devriendt, Laurent Pasquier, Luis A. Pérez-Jurado, Generalitat de Catalunya, CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Centre de référence Maladies Rares CLAD-Ouest [Rennes], Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation [Leuven], Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), University Hospitals Leuven [Leuven], Laboratoire National de Santé [Luxembourg] (LNS), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Institut du Thorax [Nantes], Antwerp University Hospital [Edegem] (UZA), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg [Luxembourg] (CHL), Geroscience and rejuvenation research center (RESTORE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-EFS-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Microenvironment and B-cells: Immunopathology,Cell Differentiation, and Cancer (MOBIDIC), Université de Rennes (UR)-Etablissement français du sang [Rennes] (EFS Bretagne)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), and Research reported in this publication was supported by the CatalonianDepartment of Health (URDCAT: Grant SLT002/16/00174) and the ENoD Programme of CIBERER(ER16P08), Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Selket Delafontaine is supported by the personal FWO Grant11F4421N. Isabelle Meyts is a Senior Clinical Investigator at the Research Foundation – Flanders, andis supported by the CSL Behring Chair of Primary Immunodeficiencies, by the KU Leuven C1 GrantC16/18/007, by a VIB GC PID Grant, by the FWO Grants G0C8517N, G0B5120N and G0E8420N and bythe Jeffrey Modell Foundation. Part of this work was supported by a grant from the Spanish Ministryof Science and Innovation (PID2019-105620RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033). The project hasalso received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 948959). This work is supported byERN-RITA.LAPJ is founding partner and scientific advisor of qGenomics Laboratories. The remaining authorsdeclare no potential conflict of interest.

Paul Bastard, Kuang-Chih Hsiao, Qian Zhang, Jeremy Choin, Emma Best, Jie Chen, Adrian Gervais, Lucy Bizien, Marie Materna, Christine Harmant, Maguelonne Roux, Nicola L. Hawley, Daniel E. Weeks, Stephen T. McGarvey, Karla Sandoval, Carmina Barberena-Jonas, Consuelo D. Quinto-Cortés, Erika Hagelberg, Alexander J. Mentzer, Kathryn Robson, Boubacar Coulibaly, Yoann Seeleuthner, Benedetta Bigio, Zhi Li, Gilles Uzé, Sandra Pellegrini, Lazaro Lorenzo, Zineb Sbihi, Sylvain Latour, Marianne Besnard, Tiphaine Adam de Beaumais, Evelyne Jacqz Aigrain, Vivien Béziat, Ranjan Deka, Litara Esera Tulifau, Satupa‘itea Viali, Muagututi‘a Sefuiva Reupena, Take Naseri, Peter McNaughton, Vanessa Sarkozy, Jane Peake, Annaliesse Blincoe, Sarah Primhak, Simon Stables, Kate Gibson, See-Tarn Woon, Kylie Marie Drake, Adrian V.S. Hill, Cheng-Yee Chan, Richard King, Rohan Ameratunga, Iotefa Teiti, Maite Aubry, Van-Mai Cao-Lormeau, Stuart G. Tangye, Shen-Ying Zhang, Emmanuelle Jouanguy, Paul Gray, Laurent Abel, Andrés Moreno-Estrada, Ryan L. Minster, Lluis Quintana-Murci, Andrew C. Wood, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IHU) (Imagine - U1163), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Rockefeller University [New York], Human genetics of infectious diseases: Complex predisposition (Equipe Inserm U1163), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Département de Pédiatrie et maladies infectieuses [CHU Necker], CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), University of Auckland [Auckland], Génétique Evolutive Humaine - Human Evolutionary Genetics, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Collège de France - Chaire Génomique humaine et évolution, Collège de France (CdF (institution)), University of Pittsburgh (PITT), Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), Langebio (CINVESTAV), University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Sydney Children's hospital, Garvan Institute of medical research, UNSW Faculty of Medicine [Sydney], Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Auckland City Hospital, Canterbury Health Laboratories, University of Oxford, University of Queensland [Brisbane], Brown University, Ministry of Health [Samoa], Tupua Tamasese Meaole Hospital (TTM), University of Cincinnati (UC), Hopital Saint-Louis [AP-HP] (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Centre Hospitalier de Polynésie Française, Signalisation des Cytokines - Cytokine Signaling, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Cellules Souches, Plasticité Cellulaire, Médecine Régénératrice et Immunothérapies (IRMB), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), University of Oslo (UiO), National Laboratory of Genomics for Biodiversity (LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Yale University [New Haven], Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique - Bioinformatics and Biostatistics HUB, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Human genetics of infectious diseases : Mendelian predisposition (Equipe Inserm U1163), Shanghai Jiaotong University, Murdoch Children's Research Institute (MCRI), The laboratory of V.-M. Cao-Lormeau is supported by MATAEA grant no. 03557/MED/REC_29/05/2019 (Délégation à la recherche de la Polynésie française). The Laboratory of Human Evolutionary Genetics is supported by Institut Pasteur, Collège de France, the Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Fondation Allianz-Institut de France, the French Government’s Investissement d’Avenir program, Laboratoires d’Excellence 'Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases' (ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID) and 'Milieu Intérieur' (ANR-10-LABX-69-01), Fondation de France (grant no. 00106080), and Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (Equipe FRM DEQ20180339214). The Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases is supported by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, the Rockefeller University, the St. Giles Foundation, the National Institutes of Health (NIH, R01AI088364 and R01AI163029), the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, the NIH Clinical and Translational Science Award program (UL1 TR001866), a Fast Grant from Emergent Ventures, Mercatus Center at George Mason University, the Yale Center for Mendelian Genomics, and the Genome Sequencing Program Coordinating Center funded by the National Human Genome Research Institute (UM1HG006504 and U24HG008956), the Yale High-Performance Computing Center (S10OD018521), the Fisher Center for Alzheimer’s Research Foundation, the Meyer Foundation, the French National Research Agency (ANR) under the 'Investments for the Future' program (ANR-10-IAHU-01), the Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory of Excellence (ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), the French Foundation for Medical Research (FRM, EQU201903007798), the FRM and ANR GENCOVID project, the ANRS-COV05, ANR GENVIR (ANR-20-CE93-003), and ANR AABIFNCOV (ANR-20-CO11-0001) projects, the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement 824110 (EASI-genomics), the Square Foundation, Grandir - Fonds de solidarité pour l’enfance, the Fondation du Souffle, the SCOR Corporate Foundation for Science, INSERM, the French Ministry of Higher Education, Research, and Innovation (MESRI-COVID-19), and the University of Paris. P. Bastard was supported by the FRM (EA20170638020) and by the MD-PhD program of the Imagine Institute (with the support of Fondation Bettencourt-Schueller). The National Laboratory of Genomics for Biodiversity (LANGEBIO-CINVESTAV) in Mexico is supported by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Technologia (grant number FONCICYT/50/2016), The Newton Fund through the Medical Research Council (grant number MR/N028937/1), and the International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology grant number CRP/MEX20-01, awarded to A. Moreno-Estrada. S.G. Tangye is supported by a Leadership 3 Investigator Grant awarded by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (1176665) and the Jeffrey Modell Foundation. Clinical Immunogenomics Research Consortium Australasia investigators (K.-C. Hsiao, P. McNaughton, A. Blincoe, J. Peake, S.G. Tangye, and P. Gray) are supported by the John Brown Cook Foundation. This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health grants R01-HL093093 (S.T. McGarvey) and R01-HL133040 (R.L. Minster). Molecular data for the Trans-Omics in Precision Medicine (TOPMed) program were provided by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI). Genome sequencing for the Soifua Manuia study, labeled 'NHLBI TOPMed: Genome-wide Association Study of Adiposity in Samoans' (phs000972.v4.p1) in the dbGaP, was performed at the Northwest Genomics Center (HHSN268201100037C) and the New York Genome Center (HHSN268201500016C). Core support, including centralized genomic read mapping and genotype calling, along with variant quality metrics and filtering, was provided by the TOPMed Informatics Research Center (3R01-HL117626-02S1, contract HHSN268201800002I). Core support, including phenotype harmonization, data management, sample-identity QC, and general program coordination, was also provided by the TOPMed Data Coordinating Center (R01-HL120393, U01-HL120393, contract HHSN268201800001I). We gratefully acknowledge the studies and participants who provided biological samples and data for TOPMed. This research was funded in whole or in part by the French National Research Agency (ANR)., ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), ANR-10-LABX-0069,MILIEU INTERIEUR,GENETIC & ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF IMMUNE PHENOTYPE VARIANCE: ESTABLISHING A PATH TOWARDS PERSONALIZED MEDICINE(2010), ANR-10-IAHU-0001,Imagine,Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Imagine(2010), ANR-20-COVI-0003,GENCOVID,Identification des défauts monogéniques de l'immunité responsables des formes sévères de COVID-19 chez les patients précédemment en bonne santé(2020), ANR-20-CE93-0003,GENVIR,Analyse multi-omique de l'immunité anti-virale: de l'identification des circuits biologiques pertinents à la découverte de défauts monogéniques héréditaires de l'immunité chez les patients avec infections virales sévères(2020), ANR-20-CO11-0001,AABIFNCOV,Bases génétiques et immunologiques des auto-anticorps contre les interférons de type I prédisposant aux formes sévères de COVID-19.(2020), European Project: 824110,H2020-INFRAIA-2018-1,EASI-Genomics(2019), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPC), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPC), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université Paris Cité (UPC), University of Oxford [Oxford], Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPC), Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy [Montpellier], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier (CHU Montpellier ), Université Paris Cité (UPC), Garvan Institute of Medical Research [Sydney, Australia], and Chaire Génomique humaine et évolution

Anne Sophie Rebillat, Marie Goulet, Darawan Rinchai, Tanwir Habib, Vincent Bondet, Martine Conte, Anne Puel, Clotilde Mircher, Xiao-Fei Kong, Luyan Liu, Puthen V. Jithesh, Arnold Munnich, Laurent Abel, Damien Chaussabel, Stanislas Lyonnet, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Mohammed Elanbari, Emilie Nonnotte, Jacinta Bustamante, Mélanie Migaud, Nicolas Gürtler, Lisa Worley, Stuart G. Tangye, Aimé Ravel, Cindy S. Ma, Darragh Duffy, Stéphanie Boisson-Dupuis, St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller University [New York], Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC), Garvan Institute of Medical Research [Darlinghurst, Australia], St. Vincent’s Clinical School [Sydney, Australia], UNSW Faculty of Medicine [Sydney], University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW)-University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Sidra Medical and Research Center [Doha, Qatar], Immunobiologie des Cellules dendritiques, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Jérôme Lejeune, University Hospital Basel [Basel], Human genetics of infectious diseases: Complex predisposition (Equipe Inserm U1163), Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IHU) (Imagine - U1163), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), Human genetics of infectious diseases : Mendelian predisposition (Equipe Inserm U1163), Centre de Référence Déficits Immunitaires Héréditaires (CEREDIH), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Embryology and genetics of human malformation (Equipe Inserm U1163), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), Fédération de Génétique, Howard Hughes Medical Institute [New York] (HHMI), Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI)-New York University School of Medicine, NYU System (NYU)-NYU System (NYU)-Rockefeller University [New York]-Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC), Service d'immuno-hématologie pédiatrique [CHU Necker], X-F.K was supported by the Jerome Lejeune Foundation and Alexander’s Angels Inc. X-F.K is currently a gastroenterology fellow in CUIMC supported by NIH grant T32 DK083256. The Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases is supported by grants from the St. Giles Foundation, the Jeffrey Modell Foundation, The Rockefeller University Center for Clinical and Translational Science grant number UL1TR001866 from the National Center for Research Resources and the National Center for Advancing Sciences (NCATS), the National Institutes of Health, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (grants 5R01AI127564 and 5R37AI095983), grants from the Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory of Excellence (ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID) and the French National Research Agency (ANR) under the 'Investments for the future' program (ANR-10-IAHU-01), ANR-IFNGPHOX (ANR-13-ISV3-0001-01) and ANR-GENMSMD (ANR-16-CE17-0005-01), LTh-MSMD-CMCD (ANR-18-CE93-0008-01), HGDIFD (ANR-14-CE15-0006-01), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Paris, and The Rockefeller University and the Helmut Horten Foundation., We thank Yanick Crow, Barry Coller, Charlie Rice, James Krueger, and Timothy Wang for helpful discussions and critical reading. We thank Y. Nemirovskaya, T. Kochetkov, M. Romanick, L. Amar, C. Patissier, C. Desvallées, M. Woollett, A. Gall, and J. Gonzalez for technical and secretarial assistance and all members of the Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases for helpful discussions., ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), ANR-10-IAHU-0001,Imagine,Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Imagine(2010), ANR-13-ISV3-0001,IFNGPHOX,L'immunité anti-tuberculeuse dépendante de l'IFN-gamma chez l'homme opère via la NADPH oxydase phagocytaire(2013), ANR-16-CE17-0005,GENMSMD,Dissection génétique de la Susceptibilité Mendélienne aux infections mycobactériennes chez l'homme(2016), ANR-18-CE93-0008,LTh-MSMD-CMCD,Différenciation des lymphocytes T-helper (Th) dans les défauts génétiques de l'immunité contre Mycobacterium et/ou Candida species.(2018), ANR-14-CE15-0006,HGDIFD,Déterminisme génétique des infections fongiques invasives chez l'homme(2014), Garvan Institute of medical research, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Embryology and genetics of human malformation, and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Manry, Jérémy, Bastard, Paul, Gervais, Adrian, Le Voyer, Tom, Rosain, Jérémie, Philippot, Quentin, Michailidis, Eleftherios, Hoffmann, Hans-Heinrich, Eto, Shohei, Garcia-Prat, Marina, Bizien, Lucy, Parra-Martínez, Alba, Yang, Rui, Haljasmägi, Liis, Migaud, Mélanie, Särekannu, Karita, Maslovskaja, Julia, de Prost, Nicolas, Tandjaoui-Lambiotte, Yacine, Luyt, Charles-Edouard, Amador-Borrero, Blanca, Gaudet, Alexandre, Poissy, Julien, Morel, Pascal, Richard, Pascale, Cognasse, Fabrice, Troya, Jesús, Trouillet-Assant, Sophie, Belot, Alexandre, Saker, Kahina, Garçon, Pierre, Rivière, Jacques, Lagier, Jean-Christophe, Gentile, Stéphanie, Rosen, Lindsey, Shaw, Elana, Morio, Tomohiro, Tanaka, Junko, Dalmau, David, Tharaux, Pierre-Louis, Sene, Damien, Stepanian, Alain, Mégarbane, Bruno, Triantafyllia, Vasiliki, Fekkar, Arnaud, Heath, James, Franco, José Luis, Anaya, Juan-Manuel, Solé-Violán, Jordi, Imberti, Luisa, Biondi, Andrea, Bonfanti, Paolo, Castagnoli, Riccardo, Delmonte, Ottavia, Zhang, Yu, Snow, Andrew, Holland, Steven, Biggs, Catherine, Moncada-Vélez, Marcela, Arias, Andrés Augusto, Lorenzo, Lazaro, Boucherit, Soraya, Anglicheau, Dany, Planas, Anna, Haerynck, Filomeen, Duvlis, Sotirija, Ozcelik, Tayfun, Keles, Sevgi, Bousfiha, Ahmed, El Bakkouri, Jalila, Ramirez-Santana, Carolina, Paul, Stéphane, Pan-Hammarström, Qiang, Hammarström, Lennart, Dupont, Annabelle, Kurolap, Alina, Metz, Christine, Aiuti, Alessandro, Casari, Giorgio, Lampasona, Vito, Ciceri, Fabio, Barreiros, Lucila, Dominguez-Garrido, Elena, Vidigal, Mateus, Zatz, Mayana, van de Beek, Diederik, Sahanic, Sabina, Tancevski, Ivan, Stepanovskyy, Yurii, Boyarchuk, Oksana, Nukui, Yoko, Tsumura, Miyuki, Vidaur, Loreto, Tangye, Stuart, Burrel, Sonia, Duffy, Darragh, Quintana-Murci, Lluis, Klocperk, Adam, Kann, Nelli, Shcherbina, Anna, Lau, Yu-Lung, Leung, Daniel, Coulongeat, Matthieu, Marlet, Julien, Koning, Rutger, Reyes, Luis Felipe, Chauvineau-Grenier, Angélique, Venet, Fabienne, Monneret, Guillaume, Nussenzweig, Michel, Arrestier, Romain, Boudhabhay, Idris, Baris-Feldman, Hagit, Hagin, David, Wauters, Joost, Meyts, Isabelle, Dyer, Adam, Kennelly, Sean, Bourke, Nollaig, Halwani, Rabih, Sharif-Askari, Fatemeh Saheb, Dorgham, Karim, Sallette, Jérôme, Sedkaoui, Souad Mehlal, Alkhater, Suzan, Rigo-Bonnin, Raúl, Morandeira, Francisco, Roussel, Lucie, Vinh, Donald, Erikstrup, Christian, Condino-Neto, Antonio, Prando, Carolina, Bondarenko, Anastasiia, Spaan, András, Gilardin, Laurent, Fellay, Jacques, Lyonnet, Stanislas, Bilguvar, Kaya, Lifton, Richard, Mane, Shrikant, Anderson, Mark, Boisson, Bertrand, Béziat, Vivien, Zhang, Shen-Ying, Andreakos, Evangelos, Hermine, Olivier, Pujol, Aurora, Peterson, Pärt, Mogensen, Trine, Rowen, Lee, Mond, James, Debette, Stéphanie, de Lamballerie, Xavier, Burdet, Charles, Bouadma, Lila, Zins, Marie, Soler-Palacin, Pere, Colobran, Roger, Gorochov, Guy, Solanich, Xavier, Susen, Sophie, Martinez-Picado, Javier, Raoult, Didier, Vasse, Marc, Gregersen, Peter, Piemonti, Lorenzo, Rodríguez-Gallego, Carlos, Notarangelo, Luigi, Su, Helen, Kisand, Kai, Okada, Satoshi, Puel, Anne, Jouanguy, Emmanuelle, Rice, Charles, Tiberghien, Pierre, Zhang, Qian, Casanova, Jean-Laurent, Abel, Laurent, Cobat, Aurélie, Zhang, Peng, Seeleuthner, Yoann, Talouarn, Estelle, Marchal, Astrid, Matuozzo, Daniela, de la Chapelle, Aliénor, Chen, Jie, Chrabieh, Maya, Liu, Dana, Nemirowskaya, Yelena, Cruz, Inés Marín, Materna, Marie, Pelet, Sophie, Thibault, Chloé, Liu, Zhiyong, Abad, Jorge, Accordino, Giulia, Achille, Cristian, Aguilera-Albesa, Sergio, Aguiló-Cucurull, Aina, Özkan, Esra Akyüz, Darazam, Ilad Alavi, Albisures, Jonathan Antonio Roblero, Aldave, Juan, Ramos, Miquel Alfonso, Khan, Taj Ali, Aliberti, Anna, Nadji, Seyed Alireza, Alkan, Gulsum, Allardet-Servent, Jerome, Allende, Luis, Alonso-Arias, Rebeca, Alshahrani, Mohammed, Alsina, Laia, Alyanakian, Marie-Alexandra, Borrero, Blanca Amador, Amoura, Zahir, Antolí, Arnau, Aubart, Mélodie, Auguet, Teresa, Avramenko, Iryna, Aytekin, Gökhan, Azot, Axelle, Bahram, Seiamak, Bajolle, Fanny, Baldanti, Fausto, Baldolli, Aurélie, Ballester, Maite, Feldman, Hagit Baris, Barrou, Benoit, Barzaghi, Federica, Basso, Sabrina, Bayhan, Gulsum Iclal, Bezrodnik, Liliana, Bilbao, Agurtzane, Blanchard-Rohner, Geraldine, Blanco, Ignacio, Blandinières, Adeline, Blázquez-Gamero, Daniel, Bleibtreu, Alexandre, Bloomfield, Marketa, Bolivar-Prados, Mireia, Borghesi, Alessandro, Borie, Raphael, Botdhlo-Nevers, Elisabeth, Bousquet, Aurore, Boutolleau, David, Bouvattier, Claire, Bravais, Juliette, Briones, M. 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Cerf-Bensussan, Nadine, Cumano, Ana, D’enfert, Christophe, Deriano, Ludovic, Dillies, Marie-Agnès, Di Santo, James, Dromer, Françoise, Eberl, Gérard, Enninga, Jost, Gomperts-Boneca, Ivo, Hasan, Milena, Hedestam, Gunilla Karlsson, Hercberg, Serge, Ingersoll, Molly, Lantz, Olivier, Kenny, Rose Anne, Ménager, Mickaël, Michel, Frédérique, Patin, Etienne, Pellegrini, Sandra, Rausell, Antonio, Rieux-Laucat, Frédéric, Rogge, Lars, Fontes, Magnus, Sakuntabhai, Anavaj, Schwartz, Olivier, Schwikowski, Benno, Shorte, Spencer, Tangy, Frédéric, Toubert, Antoine, Touvier, Mathilde, Ungeheuer, Marie-Noëlle, Zimmer, Christophe, Albert, Matthew, Alavoine, Loubna, Behillil, Sylvie, Charpentier, Charlotte, Dechanet, Aline, Ecobichon, Jean-Luc, Frezouls, Wahiba, Houhou, Nadhira, Lehacaut, Jonathan, Lucet, Jean-Christophe, Manchon, Pauline, Nouroudine, Mariama, Quintin, Caroline, Thy, Michael, Vignali, Valérie, Chahine, Abir, Waucquier, Nawal, Migaud, Maria-Claire, Djossou, Félix, Mergeay-Fabre, Mayka, Lucarelli, Aude, Demar, Magalie, Bruneau, Léa, Gérardin, Patrick, Maillot, Adrien, Payet, Christine, Laviolle, Bruno, Paris, Christophe, Desille-Dugast, Mireille, Fouchard, Julie, Pistone, Thierry, Perreau, Pauline, Gissot, Valérie, Le Goas, Carole, Montagne, Samatha, Richard, Lucie, Bouiller, Kévin, Desmarets, Maxime, Meunier, Alexandre, Bourgeon, Marilou, Lefèvre, Benjamin, Jeulin, Hélène, Legrand, Karine, Lomazzi, Sandra, Tardy, Bernard, Gagneux-Brunon, Amandine, Bertholon, Frédérique, Botelho-Nevers, Elisabeth, Kouakam, Christelle, Leturque, Nicolas, Roufai, Layidé, Amat, Karine, Espérou, Hélène, Hendou, Samia, van Agtmael, Michiel, Algera, Anne Geke, Appelman, Brent, van Baarle, Frank, Bax, Diane, Beudel, Martijn, Bogaard, Harm Jan, Bomers, Marije, Bonta, Peter, Bos, Lieuwe, Botta, Michela, de Brabander, Justin, de Bree, Godelieve, de Bruin, Sanne, Buis, David, Bugiani, Marianna, Bulle, Esther, Chouchane, Osoul, Cloherty, Alex, Dijkstra, Mirjam, Dongelmans, Dave, Dujardin, Romein, Elbers, Paul, Fleuren, Lucas, Geerlings, Suzanne, Geijtenbeek, Theo, Girbes, Armand, Goorhuis, Bram, Grobusch, Martin, Hafkamp, Florianne, Hagens, Laura, Hamann, Jorg, Harris, Vanessa, Hemke, Robert, Hermans, Sabine, Heunks, Leo, Hollmann, Markus, Horn, Janneke, Hovius, Joppe, de Jong, Menno, Lim, Endry, van Mourik, Niels, Nellen, Jeaninne, Nossent, Esther, Paulus, Frederique, Peters, Edgar, Pina-Fuentes, Dan, van der Poll, Tom, Preckel, Bennedikt, Prins, Jan, Raasveld, Jorinde, Reijnders, Tom, de Rotte, Maurits, Schinkel, Michiel, Schultz, Marcus, Schrauwen, Femke, Schuurman, Alex, Schuurmans, Jaap, Sigaloff, Kim, Slim, Marleen, Smeele, Patrick, Smit, Marry, Stijnis, Cornelis, Stilma, Willemke, Teunissen, Charlotte, Thoral, Patrick, Tsonas, Anissa, Tuinman, Pieter, van der Valk, Marc, Veelo, Denise, Volleman, Carolien, de Vries, Heder, Vught, Lonneke, van Vugt, Michèle, Wouters, Dorien, Zwinderman, A., Brouwer, Matthijs, Wiersinga, W. Joost, Vlaar, Alexander, Al-Muhsen, Saleh, Al-Mulla, Fahd, Arias, Andrés, Bogunovic, Dusan, Bolze, Alexandre, Bryceson, Yenan, Bustamante, Carlos, Butte, Manish, Chakravorty, Samya, Christodoulou, John, Constantinescu, Stefan, Cooper, Megan, Desai, Murkesh, Drolet, Beth, El Baghdadi, Jamila, Espinosa-Padilla, Sara, Froidure, Antoine, Henrickson, Sarah, Hsieh, Elena, Husebye, Eystein, Imai, Kohsuke, Itan, Yuval, Jarvis, Erich, Karamitros, Timokratis, Ku, Cheng-Lung, Ling, Yun, Lucas, Carrie, Maniatis, Tom, Maródi, László, Milner, Joshua, Mironska, Kristina, Novelli, Antonio, Novelli, Giuseppe, de Diego, Rebeca Perez, Perez-Tur, Jordi, Arkin, Lisa, Asano, Takaki, Oriol, Roger Colobran, Renia, Laurent, Resnick, Igor, Sancho-Shimizu, Vanessa, Seppänen, Mikko R.J., Shahrooei, Mohammed, Slaby, Ondrej, Tayoun, Ahmad Abou, Ramaswamy, Sathishkumar, Turvey, Stuart, Uddin, K., Uddin, Mohammed, von Bernuth, Horst, Zawadzki, Pawel, Grimbacher, Bodo, Pape, Jean, Perlin, David, Pesole, Graziano, García, Paula Andrea Gaviria, López, Gustavo Andrés Salguero, Rojas-Villaraga, Adriana, Vélez, Verónica Posada, Landinez, Lina Marcela Acevedo, Correales, Luisa Paola Duarte, Gómez, Oscar, Guaqueta, Jeser Santiago Grass, Pérez, Cristian Alejandro Ricaurte, Carrillo, Jorge, Vergara, José Alejandro Daza, Landinez, Sandra, Mantilla, Rubén, Yepes, Jairo David Torres, Ricaurte, Oscar Andrés Briceño, Pérez-Díaz, Carlos, Mateus, Yady Nataly, Navarro, Laura Mancera, Rodríguez, Yhojan, Acosta-Ampudia, Yeny, Monsalve, Diana, Rojas, Manuel, Nadif, Rachel, Goldberg, Marcel, Ozguler, Anna, Henny, Joseph, Lemonnier, Sylvie, Coeuret-Pellicer, Mireille, Got, Stéphane Le, Tzourio, Christophe, Dufouil, Carole, Soumaré, Aïcha, Lachaize, Morgane, Fievet, Nathalie, Flaig, Amandine, Martin, Fernando, Bonneaudeau, Brigitte, Cannet, Dorothée, Gallian, Pierre, Jeanne, Michel, Perroquin, Magali, Hamzeh-Cognasse, Hind, Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IHU) (Imagine - U1163), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Rockefeller University [New York], Hiroshima University, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), University of Tartu, CHU Henri Mondor, Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut de cardiologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal [APHP], Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Etablissement Français du Sang [La Plaine Saint-Denis] (EFS), Etablissement français du sang - Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (EFS), Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor [Madrid], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Grand Hôpital de l'Est Francilien (GHEF), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital [Barcelona], Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Tokyo Medical and Dental University [Japan] (TMDU), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Institute for Systems Biology [Seattle] (ISB), Universidad de Antioquia = University of Antioquia [Medellín, Colombia], Universidad del Rosario [Bogota], Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr Negrin, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Spedali Civili di Brescia [Brescia], Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [Bethesda] (NIAID-NIH), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), University of British Columbia (UBC), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Ghent University Hospital, Goce Delchev University (UGD), Invitae Corporation, Bilkent University [Ankara], Necmettin Erbakan University [Konya, Turquie], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hassan II (CHU HII), CHU Ibn Rochd [Casablanca], Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - UMR (CIRI), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Karolinska Institute, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center [Te Aviv], The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute [Milan, Italie], IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele [Milan, Italy], Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Fundacion Rioja Salud, Amsterdam Neuroscience [Pays-Bas], Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU)-University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA)-VU University Medical Center [Amsterdam], Innsbruck Medical University = Medizinische Universität Innsbruck (IMU), Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education [Kiev] (SNMAPE), I.Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine, Hospital Donostia, Garvan Institute of medical research, Sorbonne Université (SU), Immunologie Translationnelle - Translational Immunology lab, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Charles University [Prague] (CU), University Hospital Motol [Prague], Dmitriy Rogachev National Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology [Moscow, Russia], The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Morphogénèse et antigénicité du VIH et du virus des Hépatites (MAVIVH - U1259 Inserm - CHRU Tours ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of La Sabana = Universitad de la Sabana, Hôpital Robert Ballanger [Aulnay-sous-Bois], Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University (TAU), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), University Hospitals Leuven [Leuven], Tallaght Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, University of Sharjah (UoS), Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire CERBA [Saint Ouen l'Aumône], King Fahad University, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge [Barcelone] (IDIBELL), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Aarhus University [Aarhus], Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Principe, Hôpital Jean Verdier [AP-HP], Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Yale University [New Haven], University of California [San Francisco] (UC San Francisco), University of California (UC), Academy of Athens, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre d'investigation Clinique [CHU Bichat] - Épidémiologie clinique (CIC 1425), AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CIC Hôpital Bichat, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-UFR de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), European Genomic Institute for Diabetes - FR 3508 (EGID), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IrsiCaixa (Institut de Recerca de la Sida), Hôpital Foch [Suresnes], Etablissement Français du Sang, EFS, Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM - UM 111 (UMR 8253 / U1151)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Rockefeller University, St. Giles Foundation, National Institutes of Health (US), George Mason University, Yale University, National Human Genome Research Institute (US), Fisher Center for Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Meyer Foundation, JPB Foundation, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le SIDA et les Hépatites Virales (France), Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research, Ministre de l'Enseignement Supérieur, de la Recherche et de l'Innovation (France), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (France), Université de Paris, Fondation Bettencourt Schueller, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Raras (España), European Commission, G. Harold & Leila Y. Mathers Foundation, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (US), National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (US), Estonian Research Council, Al Jalila Foundation, American University of Sharjah, National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia), University of New South Wales (Australia), Regione Lombardia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Sorbonne Université, Université de Bordeaux, National Cancer Institute (US), Research Foundation - Flanders, Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation, Sao Paulo Research Foundation, The Meath Foundation, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Research Unit on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases (ICAN), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut de Cardiométabolisme et Nutrition = Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition [CHU Pitié Salpêtrière] (IHU ICAN), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), INSERM UMRS-1144, Université Paris Cité, Réanimation Médicale et Toxicologique, Hôpital Lariboisière, Génétique Evolutive Humaine - Human Evolutionary Genetics, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), The Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases is supported by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, the St. Giles Foundation, the NIH (Grants R01AI088364 and R01AI163029), the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH Clinical and Translational Science Awards program (Grant UL1 TR001866), a Fast Grant from Emergent Ventures, Mercatus Center at George Mason University, the Yale Center for Mendelian Genomics and the Genome Sequencing Program Coordinating Center funded by the National Human Genome Research Institute (Grants UM1HG006504 and U24HG008956), the Yale High Performance Computing Center (Grant S10OD018521), the Fisher Center for Alzheimer’s Research Foundation, the Meyer Foundation, the JPB Foundation, the French National Research Agency (ANR) under the 'Investments for the Future' program (Grant ANR-10-IAHU-01), the Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory of Excellence (Grant ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), the French Foundation for Medical Research (FRM) (Grant EQU201903007798), the French Agency for Research on AIDS and Viral hepatitis (ANRS) Nord-Sud (Grant ANRS-COV05), the ANR GENVIR (Grant ANR-20-CE93-003), AABIFNCOV (Grant ANR-20-CO11-0001), CNSVIRGEN (Grant ANR-19-CE15-0009-01), and GenMIS-C (Grant ANR-21-COVR-0039) projects, the Square Foundation, Grandir–Fonds de solidarité pour l’Enfance, the Fondation du Souffle, the SCOR Corporate Foundation for Science, The French Ministry of Higher Education, Research, and Innovation (Grant MESRI-COVID-19), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), REACTing-INSERM, and the University Paris Cité. P. Bastard was supported by the FRM (Award EA20170638020). P. Bastard., J.R., and T.L.V. were supported by the MD-PhD program of the Imagine Institute (with the support of Fondation Bettencourt Schueller). Work at the Neurometabolic Disease lab received funding from Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) (Grant ACCI20-767) and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement 824110 (EASI Genomics). Work in the Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease was supported by the NIH (Grants P01AI138398-S1, 2U19AI111825, and R01AI091707-10S1), a George Mason University Fast Grant, and the G. Harold and Leila Y. Mathers Charitable Foundation. The Infanta Leonor University Hospital supported the research of the Department of Internal Medicine and Allergology. The French COVID Cohort study group was sponsored by INSERM and supported by the REACTing consortium and by a grant from the French Ministry of Health (Grant PHRC 20-0424). The Cov-Contact Cohort was supported by the REACTing consortium, the French Ministry of Health, and the European Commission (Grant RECOVER WP 6). This work was also partly supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH (Grants ZIA AI001270 to L.D.N. and 1ZIAAI001265 to H.C.S.). This program is supported by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (Grant ANR-10-LABX-69-01). K.K.’s group was supported by the Estonian Research Council, through Grants PRG117 and PRG377. R.H. was supported by an Al Jalila Foundation Seed Grant (Grant AJF202019), Dubai, United Arab Emirates, and a COVID-19 research grant (Grant CoV19-0307) from the University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. S.G.T. is supported by Investigator and Program Grants awarded by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia and a University of New South Wales COVID Rapid Response Initiative Grant. L.I. reports funding from Regione Lombardia, Italy (project 'Risposta immune in pazienti con COVID-19 e co-morbidità'). This research was partially supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Grant COV20/0968). J.R.H. reports funding from Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (Grant HHSO10201600031C). S.O. reports funding from Research Program on Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases from Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (Grant JP20fk0108531). G.G. was supported by the ANR Flash COVID-19 program and SARS-CoV-2 Program of the Faculty of Medicine from Sorbonne University iCOVID programs. The 3C Study was conducted under a partnership agreement between INSERM, Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2 University, and Sanofi-Aventis. The Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale funded the preparation and initiation of the study. The 3C Study was also supported by the Caisse Nationale d’Assurance Maladie des Travailleurs Salariés, Direction générale de la Santé, Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale, Institut de la Longévité, Conseils Régionaux of Aquitaine and Bourgogne, Fondation de France, and Ministry of Research–INSERM Program 'Cohortes et collections de données biologiques.' S. Debette was supported by the University of Bordeaux Initiative of Excellence. P.K.G. reports funding from the National Cancer Institute, NIH, under Contract 75N91019D00024, Task Order 75N91021F00001. J.W. is supported by a Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO) Fundamental Clinical Mandate (Grant 1833317N). Sample processing at IrsiCaixa was possible thanks to the crowdfunding initiative YoMeCorono. Work at Vall d’Hebron was also partly supported by research funding from Instituto de Salud Carlos III Grant PI17/00660 cofinanced by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF/FEDER). C.R.-G. and colleagues from the Canarian Health System Sequencing Hub were supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Grants COV20_01333 and COV20_01334), the Spanish Ministry for Science and Innovation (RTC-2017-6471-1, AEI/FEDER, European Union), Fundación DISA (Grants OA18/017 and OA20/024), and Cabildo Insular de Tenerife (Grants CGIEU0000219140 and 'Apuestas científicas del ITER para colaborar en la lucha contra la COVID-19'). T.H.M. was supported by grants from the Novo Nordisk Foundation (Grants NNF20OC0064890 and NNF21OC0067157). C.M.B. is supported by a Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research Health Professional-Investigator Award. P.Q.H. and L. Hammarström were funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Antibody Therapy Against Coronavirus consortium, Grant 101003650). Work at Y.-L.L.’s laboratory in the University of Hong Kong (HKU) was supported by the Society for the Relief of Disabled Children. MBBS/PhD study of D.L. in HKU was supported by the Croucher Foundation. J.L.F. was supported in part by the Evaluation-Orientation de la Coopération Scientifique (ECOS) Nord - Coopération Scientifique France-Colombie (ECOS-Nord/Columbian Administrative department of Science, Technology and Innovation [COLCIENCIAS]/Colombian Ministry of National Education [MEN]/Colombian Institute of Educational Credit and Technical Studies Abroad [ICETEX, Grant 806-2018] and Colciencias Contract 713-2016 [Code 111574455633]). A. Klocperk was, in part, supported by Grants NU20-05-00282 and NV18-05-00162 issued by the Czech Health Research Council and Ministry of Health, Czech Republic. L.P. was funded by Program Project COVID-19 OSR-UniSR and Ministero della Salute (Grant COVID-2020-12371617). I.M. is a Senior Clinical Investigator at the Research Foundation–Flanders and is supported by the CSL Behring Chair of Primary Immunodeficiencies (PID), by the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven C1 Grant C16/18/007, by a Flanders Institute for Biotechnology-Grand Challenges - PID grant, by the FWO Grants G0C8517N, G0B5120N, and G0E8420N, and by the Jeffrey Modell Foundation. I.M. has received funding under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Grant Agreement 948959). E.A. received funding from the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (Grant INTERFLU 1574). M. Vidigal received funding from the São Paulo Research Foundation (Grant 2020/09702-1) and JBS SA (Grant 69004). The NH-COVAIR study group consortium was supported by a grant from the Meath Foundation., HGID Lab, COVID Clinicians, COVID-STORM Clinicians, NIAID Immune Response to COVID Group, NH-COVAIR Study Group, Danish CHGE, Danish Blood Donor Study, St. James's Hospital, SARS CoV2 Interest Group, French COVID Cohort Study Group, Imagine COVID-Group, Milieu Intérieur Consortium, CoV-Contact Cohort, Amsterdam UMC Covid-19 Biobank Investigators, COVID Human Genetic Effort, CP-COVID-19 Group, CONSTANCES cohort, 3C-Dijon Study, Cerba Health-Care, Etablissement Français du Sang Study group, ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), ANR-20-COVI-0003,GENCOVID,Identification des défauts monogéniques de l'immunité responsables des formes sévères de COVID-19 chez les patients précédemment en bonne santé(2020), ANR-20-CE93-0003,GENVIR,Analyse multi-omique de l'immunité anti-virale: de l'identification des circuits biologiques pertinents à la découverte de défauts monogéniques héréditaires de l'immunité chez les patients avec infections virales sévères(2020), ANR-19-CE15-0009,CNSVIRGEN,Déficits immunitaires innés dans les infections sévères du tronc cérébral(2019), ANR-20-CO11-0001,AABIFNCOV,Bases génétiques et immunologiques des auto-anticorps contre les interférons de type I prédisposant aux formes sévères de COVID-19.(2020), ANR-21-COVR-0039,GenMIS-C,Recherche des Déficits immunitaires innées monogéniques prédisposant au syndrome inflammatoire multisystémique chez l'enfant.(2021), European Project: 948959,ERC-2020-STG,MORE2ADA2(2021), Manry, J, Bastard, P, Gervais, A, Le Voyer, T, Rosain, J, Philippot, Q, Michailidis, E, Hoffmann, H, Eto, S, Garcia-Prat, M, Bizien, L, Parra-Martínez, A, Yang, R, Haljasmägi, L, Migaud, M, Särekannu, K, Maslovskaja, J, de Prost, N, Tandjaoui-Lambiotte, Y, Luyt, C, Amador-Borrero, B, Gaudet, A, Poissy, J, Morel, P, Richard, P, Cognasse, F, Troya, J, Trouillet-Assant, S, Belot, A, Saker, K, Garçon, P, Rivière, J, Lagier, J, Gentile, S, Rosen, L, Shaw, E, Morio, T, Tanaka, J, Dalmau, D, Tharaux, P, Sene, D, Stepanian, A, Mégarbane, B, Triantafyllia, V, Fekkar, A, Heath, J, Franco, J, Anaya, J, Solé-Violán, J, Imberti, L, Biondi, A, Bonfanti, P, Castagnoli, R, Delmonte, O, Zhang, Y, Snow, A, Holland, S, Biggs, C, Moncada-Vélez, M, Arias, A, Lorenzo, L, Boucherit, S, Anglicheau, D, Planas, A, Haerynck, F, Duvlis, S, Ozcelik, T, Keles, S, Bousfiha, A, El Bakkouri, J, Ramirez-Santana, C, Paul, S, Pan-Hammarström, Q, Hammarström, L, Dupont, A, Kurolap, A, Metz, C, Aiuti, A, Casari, G, Lampasona, V, Ciceri, F, Barreiros, L, Dominguez-Garrido, E, Vidigal, M, Zatz, M, van de Beek, D, Sahanic, S, Tancevski, I, Stepanovskyy, Y, Boyarchuk, O, Nukui, Y, Tsumura, M, Vidaur, L, Tangye, S, Burrel, S, Duffy, D, Quintana-Murci, L, Klocperk, A, Kann, N, Shcherbina, A, Lau, Y, Leung, D, Coulongeat, M, Marlet, J, Koning, R, Reyes, L, Chauvineau-Grenier, A, Venet, F, Monneret, G, Nussenzweig, M, Arrestier, R, Boudhabhay, I, Baris-Feldman, H, Hagin, D, Wauters, J, Meyts, I, Dyer, A, Kennelly, S, Bourke, N, Halwani, R, Sharif-Askari, F, Dorgham, K, Sallette, J, Sedkaoui, S, Alkhater, S, Rigo-Bonnin, R, Morandeira, F, Roussel, L, Vinh, D, Erikstrup, C, Condino-Neto, A, Prando, C, Bondarenko, A, Spaan, A, Gilardin, L, Fellay, J, Lyonnet, S, Bilguvar, K, Lifton, R, Mane, S, Anderson, M, Boisson, B, Béziat, V, Zhang, S, Andreakos, E, Hermine, O, Pujol, A, Peterson, P, Mogensen, T, Rowen, L, Mond, J, Debette, S, de Lamballerie, X, Burdet, C, Bouadma, L, Zins, M, Soler-Palacin, P, Colobran, R, Gorochov, G, Solanich, X, Susen, S, Martinez-Picado, J, Raoult, D, Vasse, M, Gregersen, P, Piemonti, L, Rodríguez-Gallego, C, Notarangelo, L, Su, H, Kisand, K, Okada, S, Puel, A, Jouanguy, E, Rice, C, Tiberghien, P, Zhang, Q, Casanova, J, Abel, L, Cobat, A, Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Imagine Institute, Microbes évolution phylogénie et infections (MEPHI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Cohortes épidémiologiques en population (CONSTANCES), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), UFR Médecine [Santé] - Université Paris Cité (UFR Médecine UPCité), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Neurology, AII - Infectious diseases, ANS - Neuroinfection & -inflammation, Graduate School, Université Paris Cité - UFR Médecine [Santé] (UPCité UFR Médecine), Gunst, Jan, Acibadem University Dspace, Manry, Jérémy, Bastard, Paul, Gervais, Adrian, Le Voyer, Tom, Rosain, Jérémie, Philippot, Quentin, Michailidis, Eleftherio, Hoffmann, Hans-Heinrich, Eto, Shohei, Garcia-Prat, Marina, Bizien, Lucy, Parra-Martínez, Alba, Yang, Rui, Haljasmägi, Lii, Migaud, Mélanie, Särekannu, Karita, Maslovskaja, Julia, de Prost, Nicola, Tandjaoui-Lambiotte, Yacine, Luyt, Charles-Edouard, Amador-Borrero, Blanca, Gaudet, Alexandre, Poissy, Julien, Morel, Pascal, Richard, Pascale, Cognasse, Fabrice, Troya, Jesú, Trouillet-Assant, Sophie, Belot, Alexandre, Saker, Kahina, Garçon, Pierre, Rivière, Jacques G, Lagier, Jean-Christophe, Gentile, Stéphanie, Rosen, Lindsey B, Shaw, Elana, Morio, Tomohiro, Tanaka, Junko, Dalmau, David, Tharaux, Pierre-Loui, Sene, Damien, Stepanian, Alain, Mégarbane, Bruno, Triantafyllia, Vasiliki, Fekkar, Arnaud, Heath, James R, Franco, José Lui, Anaya, Juan-Manuel, Solé-Violán, Jordi, Imberti, Luisa, Biondi, Andrea, Bonfanti, Paolo, Castagnoli, Riccardo, Delmonte, Ottavia M, Zhang, Yu, Snow, Andrew L, Holland, Steven M, Biggs, Catherine M, Moncada-Vélez, Marcela, Arias, Andrés Augusto, Lorenzo, Lazaro, Boucherit, Soraya, Anglicheau, Dany, Planas, Anna M, Haerynck, Filomeen, Duvlis, Sotirija, Ozcelik, Tayfun, Keles, Sevgi, Bousfiha, Ahmed A, El Bakkouri, Jalila, Ramirez-Santana, Carolina, Paul, Stéphane, Pan-Hammarström, Qiang, Hammarström, Lennart, Dupont, Annabelle, Kurolap, Alina, Metz, Christine N, Aiuti, Alessandro, Casari, Giorgio, Lampasona, Vito, Ciceri, Fabio, Barreiros, Lucila A, Dominguez-Garrido, Elena, Vidigal, Mateu, Zatz, Mayana, van de Beek, Diederik, Sahanic, Sabina, Tancevski, Ivan, Stepanovskyy, Yurii, Boyarchuk, Oksana, Nukui, Yoko, Tsumura, Miyuki, Vidaur, Loreto, Tangye, Stuart G, Burrel, Sonia, Duffy, Darragh, Quintana-Murci, Llui, Klocperk, Adam, Kann, Nelli Y, Shcherbina, Anna, Lau, Yu-Lung, Leung, Daniel, Coulongeat, Matthieu, Marlet, Julien, Koning, Rutger, Reyes, Luis Felipe, Chauvineau-Grenier, Angélique, Venet, Fabienne, Monneret, Guillaume, Nussenzweig, Michel C, Arrestier, Romain, Boudhabhay, Idri, Baris-Feldman, Hagit, Hagin, David, Wauters, Joost, Meyts, Isabelle, Dyer, Adam H, Kennelly, Sean P, Bourke, Nollaig M, Halwani, Rabih, Sharif-Askari, Fatemeh Saheb, Dorgham, Karim, Sallette, Jérôme, Sedkaoui, Souad Mehlal, Alkhater, Suzan, Rigo-Bonnin, Raúl, Morandeira, Francisco, Roussel, Lucie, Vinh, Donald C, Erikstrup, Christian, Condino-Neto, Antonio, Prando, Carolina, Bondarenko, Anastasiia, Spaan, András N, Gilardin, Laurent, Fellay, Jacque, Lyonnet, Stanisla, Bilguvar, Kaya, Lifton, Richard P, Mane, Shrikant, Anderson, Mark S, Boisson, Bertrand, Béziat, Vivien, Zhang, Shen-Ying, Andreakos, Evangelo, Hermine, Olivier, Pujol, Aurora, Peterson, Pärt, Mogensen, Trine H, Rowen, Lee, Mond, Jame, Debette, Stéphanie, de Lamballerie, Xavier, Burdet, Charle, Bouadma, Lila, Zins, Marie, Soler-Palacin, Pere, Colobran, Roger, Gorochov, Guy, Solanich, Xavier, Susen, Sophie, Martinez-Picado, Javier, Raoult, Didier, Vasse, Marc, Gregersen, Peter K, Piemonti, Lorenzo, Rodríguez-Gallego, Carlo, Notarangelo, Luigi D, Su, Helen C, Kisand, Kai, Okada, Satoshi, Puel, Anne, Jouanguy, Emmanuelle, Rice, Charles M, Tiberghien, Pierre, Zhang, Qian, Casanova, Jean-Laurent, Abel, Laurent, Cobat, Aurélie, Vougny, Marie-Christine, and Amsterdam Neuroscience - Neuroinfection & -inflammation

Bastard, Paul, Gervais, Adrian, Le Voyer, Tom, Rosain, Jérémie, Philippot, Quentin, Manry, Jérémy, Michailidis, Eleftherios, Hoffmann, Hans-Heinrich, Eto, Shohei, Garcia-Prat, Marina, Bizien, Lucy, Parra-Martínez, Alba, Yang, Rui, Haljasmägi, Liis, Migaud, Mélanie, Särekannu, Karita, Maslovskaja, Julia, de Prost, Nicolas, Tandjaoui-Lambiotte, Yacine, Luyt, Charles-Edouard, Amador-Borrero, Blanca, Gaudet, Alexandre, Poissy, Julien, Morel, Pascal, Richard, Pascale, Cognasse, Fabrice, Troya, Jesus, Trouillet-Assant, Sophie, Belot, Alexandre, Saker, Kahina, Garçon, Pierre, Rivière, Jacques G., Lagier, Jean-Christophe, Gentile, Stéphanie, Rosen, Lindsey B., Shaw, Elana, Morio, Tomohiro, Tanaka, Junko, Dalmau, David, Tharaux, Pierre-Louis, Sene, Damien, Stepanian, Alain, Megarbane, Bruno, Triantafyllia, Vasiliki, Fekkar, Arnaud, Heath, James R., Franco, José Luis, Anaya, Juan-Manuel, Solé-Violán, Jordi, Imberti, Luisa, Biondi, Andrea, Bonfanti, Paolo, Castagnoli, Riccardo, Delmonte, Ottavia M., Zhang, Yu, Snow, Andrew L., Holland, Steven M., Biggs, Catherine M., Moncada-Vélez, Marcela, Arias, Andrés Augusto, Lorenzo, Lazaro, Boucherit, Soraya, Coulibaly, Boubacar, Anglicheau, Dany, Planas, Anna M., Haerynck, Filomeen, Duvlis, Sotirija, Nussbaum, Robert L., Ozcelik, Tayfun, Keles, Sevgi, Bousfiha, Ahmed A., El Bakkouri, Jalila, Ramirez-Santana, Carolina, Paul, Stéphane, Pan-Hammarström, Qiang, Hammarström, Lennart, Dupont, Annabelle, Kurolap, Alina, Metz, Christine N., Aiuti, Alessandro, Casari, Giorgio, Lampasona, Vito, Ciceri, Fabio, Barreiros, Lucila A., Dominguez-Garrido, Elena, Vidigal, Mateus, Zatz, Mayana, van de Beek, Diederik, Sahanic, Sabina, Tancevski, Ivan, Stepanovskyy, Yurii, Boyarchuk, Oksana, Nukui, Yoko, Tsumura, Miyuki, Vidaur, Loreto, Tangye, Stuart G., Burrel, Sonia, Duffy, Darragh, Quintana-Murci, Lluis, Klocperk, Adam, Kann, Nelli Y., Shcherbina, Anna, Lau, Yu-Lung, Leung, Daniel, Coulongeat, Matthieu, Marlet, Julien, Koning, Rutger, Reyes, Luis Felipe, Chauvineau-Grenier, Angélique, Venet, Fabienne, Monneret, Guillaume, Nussenzweig, Michel C., Arrestier, Romain, Boudhabhay, Idris, Baris-Feldman, Hagit, Hagin, David, Wauters, Joost, Meyts, Isabelle, Dyer, Adam H., Kennelly, Sean P., Bourke, Nollaig M., Halwani, Rabih, Sharif-Askari, Narjes Saheb, Dorgham, Karim, Sallette, Jérome, Mehlal Sedkaoui, Souad, AlKhater, Suzan, Rigo-Bonnin, Raúl, Morandeira, Francisco, Roussel, Lucie, Vinh, Donald C., Ostrowski, Sisse Rye, Condino-Neto, Antonio, Prando, Carolina, Bondarenko, Anastasiia, Spaan, András N., Gilardin, Laurent, Fellay, Jacques, Lyonnet, Stanislas, Bilguvar, Kaya, Lifton, Richard P., Mane, Shrikant, Anderson, Mark S., Boisson, Bertrand, Béziat, Vivien, Zhang, Shen-Ying, Andreakos, Evangelos, Hermine, Olivier, Pujol, Aurora, Peterson, Pärt, Mogensen, Trine H., Rowen, Lee, Mond, James, Debette, Stéphanie, de Lamballerie, Xavier, Duval, Xavier, Mentré, France, Zins, Marie, Soler-Palacin, Pere, Colobran, Roger, Gorochov, Guy, Solanich, Xavier, Susen, Sophie, Martinez-Picado, Javier, Raoult, Didier, Vasse, Marc, Gregersen, Peter K., Piemonti, Lorenzo, Rodríguez-Gallego, Carlos, Notarangelo, Luigi D., Su, Helen C., Kisand, Kai, Okada, Satoshi, Puel, Anne, Jouanguy, Emmanuelle, Rice, Charles M., Tiberghien, Pierre, Zhang, Qian, Cobat, Aurélie, Abel, Laurent, Casanova, Jean-Laurent, Bigio, Benedetta, de la Chapelle, Aliénor, Chen, Jie, Chrabieh, Maya, Liu, Dana, Nemirowskaya, Yelena, Cruz, Inés Marín, Materna, Marie, Pelet, Sophie, Seeleuthner, Yoann, Thibault, Chloé, Liu, Zhiyong, Abad, Jorge, Accordino, Giulia, Achille, Cristian, Aguilera-Albesa, Sergio, Aguiló-Cucurull, Aina, Özkan, Esra Akyüz, Darazam, Ilad Alavi, Roblero Albisures, Jonathan Antonio, Aldave, Juan C, Ramos, Miquel Alfonso, Khan, Taj Ali, Aliberti, Anna, Nadji, Seyed Alireza, Alkan, Gulsum, Alkhater, Suzan A., Allardet-Servent, Jerome, Allende, Luis M, Alonso-Arias, Rebeca, Alshahrani, Mohammed S, Alsina, Laia, Alyanakian, Marie-Alexandra, Borrero, Blanca Amador, Amoura, Zahir, Antolí, Arnau, Aubart, Mélodie, Auguet, Teresa, Avramenko, Iryna, Aytekin, Gökhan, Azot, Axelle, Bahram, Seiamak, Bajolle, Fanny, Baldanti, Fausto, Baldolli, Aurélie, Ballester, Maite, Feldman, Hagit Baris, Barrou, Benoit, Barzagh, Federica, Basso, Sabrina, Bayhan, Gulsum Iclal, Bezrodnik, Liliana, Bilbao, Agurtzane, Blanchard-Rohner, Geraldine, Blanco, Ignacio, Blandinières, Adeline, Blázquez-Gamero, Daniel, Bleibtreu, Alexandre, Bloomfield, Marketa, Bolivar-Prados, Mireia, Borghesi, Alessandro, Borie, Raphael, Botdhlo-Nevers, Elisabeth, Bousfiha, Ahmed A, Bousquet, Aurore, Boutolleau, David, Bouvattier, Claire, Bravais, Juliette, Briones, M. Luisa, Brunner, Marie-Eve, Bruno, Raffaele, Bueno, Maria Rita P, Bukhari, Huda, Bustamante, Jacinta, Cáceres Agra, Juan José, Capra, Ruggero, Carapito, Raphael, Carrabba, Maria, Casasnovas, Carlos, Caseris, Marion, Cassaniti, Irene, Castelle, Martin, Castelli, Francesco, de Vera, Martín Castillo, Castro, Mateus V, Catherinot, Emilie, Celik, Jale Bengi, Ceschi, Alessandro, Chalumeau, Martin, Charbit, Bruno, Cheng, Matthew P., Clavé, Père, Clotet, Bonaventura, Codina, Anna, Cohen, Yves, Comarmond, Cloé, Combes, Alain, Comoli, Patrizia, Corsico, Angelo G, Coşkuner, Taner, Cvetkovski, Aleksandar, Cyrus, Cyril, Danion, François, Darley, David Ross, Das, Vincent, Dauby, Nicolas, Dauger, Stéphane, De Munter, Paul, de Pontual, Loic, Dehban, Amin, Delplancq, Geoffroy, Demoule, Alexandre, Desguerre, Isabelle, Di Sabatino, Antonio, Diehl, Jean-Luc, Dobbelaere, Stephanie, Domínguez-Garrido, Elena, Dubost, Clément, Ekwall, Olov, Bozdemir, Şefika Elmas, Elnagdy, Marwa H, Emiroglu, Melike, Endo, Akifumi, Erdeniz, Emine Hafize, Aytekin, Selma Erol, Lasa, Maria Pilar Etxart, Euvrard, Romain, Fabio, Giovanna, Faivre, Laurence, Falck, Antonin, Fartoukh, Muriel, Faure, Morgane, Arquero, Miguel Fernandez, Ferrer, Ricard, Ferreres, Jose, Flores, Carlos, Francois, Bruno, Fumadó, Victoria, Fung, Kitty S C, Fusco, Francesca, Gagro, Alenka, Solis, Blanca Garcia, Gaussem, Pascale, Gayretli, Zeynep, Gil-Herrera, Juana, Gatineau, Audrey Giraud, Girona-Alarcón, Mònica, Cifuentes Godínez, Karen Alejandra, Goffard, Jean-Christophe, Gonzales, Nacho, Gonzalez-Granado, Luis I, González-Montelongo, Rafaela, Guerder, Antoine, Gülhan, Belgin, Gumucio, Victor Daniel, Hanitsch, Leif Gunnar, Gunst, Jan, Gut, Marta, Hadjadj, Jérôme, Hancerli, Selda, Hariyan, Tetyana, Hatipoglu, Nevin, Heppekcan, Deniz, Hernandez-Brito, Elisa, Ho, Po-ki, Holanda-Peña, María Soledad, Horcajada, Juan P, Hraiech, Sami, Humbert, Linda, Hung, Ivan F N, Iglesias, Alejandro D., Íñigo-Campos, Antonio, Jamme, Matthieu, Arranz, María Jesús, Jimeno, Marie-Thérèse, Jordan, Iolanda, Yüksek, Saliha Kanık, Kara, Yalcin Burak, Karahan, Aydın, Karbuz, Adem, Yasar, Kadriye Kart, Kasapcopur, Ozgur, Kashimada, Kenichi, Demirkol, Yasemin Kendir, Kido, Yasutoshi, Kizil, Can, Kılıç, Ahmet Osman, Koutsoukou, Antonia, Król, Zbigniew J., Ksouri, Hatem, Kuentz, Paul, Kwan, Arthur M C, Kwan, Yat Wah M, Kwok, Janette S Y, Lam, David S Y, Lampropoulou, Vicky, Lanternier, Fanny, Le Bourgeois, Fleur, Leo, Yee-Sin, Lopez, Rafael Leon, Levin, Michael, Levy, Michael, Lévy, Romain, Li, Zhi, Lilleri, Daniele, Lima, Edson Jose Adrian Bolanos, Linglart, Agnes, López-Collazo, Eduardo, Lorenzo-Salazar, José M., Louapre, Céline, Lubetzki, Catherine, Lung, Kwok-Cheung, Lye, David C, Magnone, Cinthia, Mansouri, Davood, Marchioni, Enrico, Marioli, Carola, Marjani, Majid, Marques, Laura, Pereira, Jesus Marquez, Martín-Nalda, Andrea, Pueyo, David Martínez, Marzana, Iciar, Mata-Martínez, Carmen, Mathian, Alexis, Matos, Larissa RB, Matthews, Gail V, Mayaux, Julien, McLaughlin-Garcia, Raquel, Meersseman, Philippe, Mège, Jean-Louis, Mekontso-Dessap, Armand, Melki, Isabelle, Meloni, Federica, Meritet, Jean-François, Merlani, Paolo, Akcan, Özge Metin, Mezidi, Mehdi, Migeotte, Isabelle, Millereux, Maude, Million, Matthieu, Mirault, Tristan, Mircher, Clotilde, Mirsaeidi, Mehdi, Mizoguchi, Yoko, Modi, Bhavi P, Mojoli, Francesco, Moncomble, Elsa, Melián, Abián Montesdeoca, Martinez, Antonio Morales, Morange, Pierre-Emmanuel, Mordacq, Clémence, Morelle, Guillaume, Mouly, Stéphane J, Muñoz-Barrera, Adrián, Nafati, Cyril, Nagashima, Shintaro, Nakagama, Yu, Neven, Bénédicte, Neves, João Farela, Ng, Lisa FP, Ng, Yuk-Yung, Nielly, Hubert, Medina, Yeray Novoa, Cuadros, Esmeralda Nuñez, Ocejo-Vinyals, J. Gonzalo, Okamoto, Keisuke, Oualha, Mehdi, Ouedrani, Amani, Özçelik, Tayfun, Ozkaya-Parlakay, Aslinur, Pagani, Michele, Papadaki, Maria, Parizot, Christophe, Parola, Philippe, Pascreau, Tiffany, Paz-Artal, Estela, Pedraza, Sigifredo, González Pellecer, Nancy Carolina, Pellegrini, Silvia, de Diego, Rebeca Pérez, Pérez-Fernández, Xosé Luis, Philippe, Aurélien, Picod, Adrien, de Chambrun, Marc Pineton, Piralla, Antonio, Planas-Serra, Laura, Ploin, Dominique, Poncelet, Géraldine, Poulakou, Garyphallia, Pouletty, Marie S, Pourshahnazari, Persia, Qiu-Chen, Jia Li, Quentric, Paul, Rambaud, Thomas, Raoult, Violette, Rebillat, Anne-Sophie, Redin, Claire, Resmini, Léa, Ricart, Pilar, Richard, Jean-Christophe, Rivet, Nadia, Rivière, Jacques G, Rocamora-Blanch, Gemma, Rodero, Mathieu P, Rodrigo, Carlos, Rodriguez, Luis Antonio, Rodriguez-Gallego, Carlos, Rodriguez-Palmero, Agustí, Romero, Carolina Soledad, Rothenbuhler, Anya, Roux, Damien, Rovina, Nikoletta, Rozenberg, Flore, Ruch, Yvon, Ruiz, Montse, Ruiz del Prado, Maria Yolanda, Ruiz-Rodriguez, Juan Carlos, Sabater-Riera, Joan, Saks, Kai, Salagianni, Maria, Sanchez, Oliver, Sánchez-Montalvá, Adrián, Sánchez-Ramón, Silvia, Schidlowski, Laire, Schluter, Agatha, Schmidt, Julien, Schmidt, Matthieu, Schuetz, Catharina, Schweitzer, Cyril E, Scolari, Francesco, Sediva, Anna, Seijo, Luis, Seminario, Analia Gisela, Seng, Piseth, Senoglu, Sevtap, Seppänen, Mikko, Llovich, Alex Serra, Shahrooei, Mohammad, Siguret, Virginie, Siouti, Eleni, Smadja, David M, Smith, Nikaia, Sobh, Ali, Soler, Catherine, Soler-Palacín, Pere, Sözeri, Betül, Stella, Giulia Maria, Stepanovskiy, Yuriy, Stoclin, Annabelle, Taccone, Fabio, Taupin, Jean-Luc, Tavernier, Simon J, Tello, Loreto Vidaur, Terrier, Benjamin, Thiery, Guillaume, Thorball, Christian, THORN, Karolina, Thumerelle, Caroline, Tipu, Imran, Tolstrup, Martin, Tomasoni, Gabriele, Toubiana, Julie, Alvarez, Josep Trenado, Troya, Jesús, Tsang, Owen T Y, Tserel, Liina, Tso, Eugene Y K, Tucci, Alessandra, Tüter Öz, Şadiye Kübra, Ursini, Matilde Valeria, Utsumi, Takanori, Uzunhan, Yurdagul, Vabres, Pierre, Valencia-Ramos, Juan, Van Den Rym, Ana Maria, Vandernoot, Isabelle, Velez-Santamaria, Valentina, Zuniga Veliz, Silvia Patricia, Vidigal, Mateus C, Viel, Sébastien, Vilain, Cédric, Vilaire-Meunier, Marie E, Villar-García, Judit, Vincent, Audrey, Vogt, Guillaume, Voiriot, Guillaume, Volokha, Alla, Vuotto, Fanny, Wauters, Els, Wu, Alan K L, Wu, Tak-Chiu, Yahşi, Aysun, Yesilbas, Osman, Yildiz, Mehmet, Young, Barnaby E, Yükselmiş, Ufuk, Zecca, Marco, Zuccaro, Valentina, Jens, Van Praet, Lambrecht, Bart N., Eva, Van Braeckel, Cédric, Bosteels, Levi, Hoste, Eric, Hoste, Bauters, Fré, De Clercq, Jozefien, Cathérine, Heijmans, Hans, Slabbynck, Leslie, Naesens, Florkin, Benoit, Boulanger, Cécile, Vanderlinden, Dimitri, Foti, Giuseppe, Bellani, Giacomo, Citerio, Giuseppe, Contro, Ernesto, Pesci, Alberto, Valsecchi, Maria Grazia, Cazzaniga, Marina, Danielson, Jeffrey J., Dobbs, Kerry, Kashyap, Anuj, Ding, Li, Dalgard, Clifton L., Sottini, Alessandra, Quaresima, Virginia, Quiros-Roldan, Eugenia, Rossi, Camillo, Bettini, Laura Rachele, D’Angio’, Mariella, Beretta, Ilaria, Montagna, Daniela, Licari, Amelia, Marseglia, Gian Luigi, Batten, Isabella, Reddy, Conor, McElheron, Matt, Noonan, Claire, Connolly, Emma, Fallon, Aoife, Storgaard, Merete, Jørgensen, Sofie, Erikstrup, Christian, Pedersen, Ole Birger, Sørensen, Erik, Mikkelsen, Susan, Dinh, Khoa Manh, Larsen, Margit Anita Hørup, Paulsen, Isabella Worlewenut, Von Stemann, Jakob Hjorth, Hansen, Morten Bagge, Townsend, Liam, Cheallaigh, Cliona Ni, Bergin, Colm, Martin-Loeches, Ignacio, Dunne, Jean, Conlon, Niall, Bourke, Nollaig, O'Farrelly, Cliona, Allavena, Clotilde, Andrejak, Claire, Angoulvant, François, Azoulay, Cecile, Bachelet, Delphine, Bartoli, Marie, Basmaci, Romain, Behilill, Sylvie, Beluze, Marine, Benech, Nicolas, Benkerrou, Dehbia, Bhavsar, Krishna, Bitker, Laurent, Bouadma, Lila, Bouscambert-Duchamp, Maude, Paz, Pauline Caraux, Cervantes-Gonzalez, Minerva, Chair, Anissa, Chirouze, Catherine, Coelho, Alexandra, Cordel, Hugues, Couffignal, Camille, Couffin-Cadiergues, Sandrine, d’Ortenzio, Eric, De Montmollin, Etienne, Debard, Alexa, Debray, Marie-Pierre, Deplanque, Dominique, Descamps, Diane, Desvallée, Mathilde, Diallo, Alpha, Diouf, Alphonsine, Dorival, Céline, Dubos, François, Eloy, Philippine, Enouf, Vincent, Epaulard, Olivier, Esperou, Hélène, Esposito-Farese, Marina, Etienne, Manuel, Garot, Denis, Gault, Nathalie, Gaymard, Alexandre, Ghosn, Jade, Gigante, Tristan, Gilg, Morgane, Goehringer, François, Guedj, Jérémie, Hoctin, Alexandre, Hoffmann, Isabelle, Houas, Ikram, Hulot, Jean-Sébastien, Jaafoura, Salma, Kafif, Ouifiya, Kaguelidou, Florentia, Kali, Sabrina, Kerroumi, Younes, Khalil, Antoine, Khan, Coralie, Kimmoun, Antoine, Laine, Fabrice, Laouénan, Cédric, Laribi, Samira, Le, Minh, Le Bris, Cyril, Le Gac, Sylvie, Le Hingrat, Quentin, Le Mestre, Soizic, Le Nagard, Hervé, Lemaignen, Adrien, Lemee, Véronique, Lescure, François-Xavier, Letrou, Sophie, Levy, Yves, Lina, Bruno, Lingas, Guillaume, Lucet, Jean Christophe, Machado, Moïse, Malvy, Denis, Mambert, Marina, Manuel, Aldric, Meziane, Amina, Mouquet, Hugo, Mullaert, Jimmy, Neant, Nadège, Nguyen, Duc, Noret, Marion, Papadopoulos, Aurélie, Paul, Christelle, Peiffer-Smadja, Nathan, Peigne, Vincent, Petrov-Sanchez, Ventzislava, Peytavin, Gilles, Pham, Huong, Picone, Olivier, Piquard, Valentine, Puéchal, Oriane, Rosa-Calatrava, Manuel, Rossignol, Bénédicte, Rossignol, Patrick, Roy, Carine, Schneider, Marion, Su, Richa, Tardivon, Coralie, Tellier, Marie-Capucine, Téoulé, François, Terrier, Olivier, Timsit, Jean-François, Tual, Christelle, Tubiana, Sarah, Van Der Werf, Sylvie, Vanel, Noémie, Veislinger, Aurélie, Visseaux, Benoit, Wiedemann, Aurélie, Yazdanpanah, Yazdan, Annereau, Jean-Philippe, Briseño-Roa, Luis, Gribouval, Olivier, Pelet, Anna, Alcover, Andres, Aschard, Hugues, Bousso, Philippe, Brodin, Petter, Bruhns, Pierre, Cerf-Bensussan, Nadine, Cumano, Ana, D’Enfert, Christophe, Deriano, Ludovic, Dillies, Marie-Agnès, Di Santo, James, Dromer, Françoise, Eberl, Gérard, Enninga, Jost, Gomperts-Boneca, Ivo, Hasan, Milena, Hedestam, Gunilla Karlsson, Hercberg, Serge, Ingersoll, Molly A, Lantz, Olivier, Kenny, Rose Anne, Ménager, Mickaël, Michel, Frédérique, Patin, Etienne, Pellegrini, Sandra, Rausell, Antonio, Rieux-Laucat, Frédéric, Rogge, Lars, Fontes, Magnus, Sakuntabhai, Anavaj, Schwartz, Olivier, Schwikowski, Benno, Shorte, Spencer, Tangy, Frédéric, Toubert, Antoine, Touvier, Mathilde, Ungeheuer, Marie-Noëlle, Zimmer, Christophe, Albert, Matthew L., Alavoine, Loubna, Behillil, Sylvie, Burdet, Charles, Charpentier, Charlotte, Dechanet, Aline, Ecobichon, Jean-Luc, Frezouls, Wahiba, Houhou, Nadhira, Lehacaut, Jonathan, Lucet, Jean-Christophe, Manchon, Pauline, Nouroudine, Mariama, Quintin, Caroline, Thy, Michael, van der Werf, Sylvie, Vignali, Valérie, Chahine, Abir, Waucquier, Nawal, Migaud, Maria-Claire, Djossou, Félix, Mergeay-Fabre, Mayka, Lucarelli, Aude, Demar, Magalie, Bruneau, Léa, Gérardin, Patrick, Maillot, Adrien, Payet, Christine, Laviolle, Bruno, Paris, Christophe, Desille-Dugast, Mireille, Fouchard, Julie, Pistone, Thierry, Perreau, Pauline, Gissot, Valérie, Le Goas, Carole, Montagne, Samatha, Richard, Lucie, Bouiller, Kévin, Desmarets, Maxime, Meunier, Alexandre, Lefévre, Benjamin, Jeulin, Hélène, Legrand, Karine, Lomazzi, Sandra, Tardy, Bernard, Gagneux-Brunon, Amandine, Bertholon, Frédérique, Botelho-Nevers, Elisabeth, Kouakam, Christelle, Leturque, Nicolas, Roufai, Layidé, Amat, Karine, Espérou, Hélène, Hendou, Samia, van Agtmael, Michiel, Algera, Anne Geke, Appelman, Brent, van Baarle, Frank, Bax, Diane, Beudel, Martijn, Bogaard, Harm Jan, Bomers, Marije, Bonta, Peter, Bos, Lieuwe, Botta, Michela, de Brabander, Justin, de Bree, Godelieve, de Bruin, Sanne, Buis, David T.P., Bugiani, Marianna, Bulle, Esther, Chouchane, Osoul, Cloherty, Alex, Dijkstra, Mirjam, Dongelmans, Dave A., Dujardin, Romein W.G., Elbers, Paul, Fleuren, Lucas, Geijtenbeek, Suzanne Geerlings Theo, Girbes, Armand, Goorhuis, Bram, Grobusch, Martin P., Hafkamp, Florianne, Hagens, Laura, Hamann, Jorg, Harris, Vanessa, Hemke, Robert, Hermans, Sabine M., Heunks, Leo, Hollmann, Markus, Horn, Janneke, Hovius, Joppe W., de Jong, Menno D., Lim, Endry H.T., van Mourik, Niels, Nellen, Jeaninne, Nossent, Esther J., Paulus, Frederique, Peters, Edgar, Pina-Fuentes, Dan A.I., van der Poll, Tom, Preckel, Bennedikt, Prins, Jan M., Raasveld, Jorinde, Reijnders, Tom, de Rotte, Maurits C.F.J., Schinkel, Michiel, Schultz, Marcus J., Schrauwen, Femke A.P., Schuurmans, Alex, Schuurmans, Jaap, Sigaloff, Kim, Slim, Marleen A., Smeele, Patrick, Smit, Marry, Stijnis, Cornelis S., Stilma, Willemke, Teunissen, Charlotte, Thoral, Patrick, Tsonas, Anissa M, Tuinman, Pieter R., van der Valk, Marc, Veelo, Denise, Volleman, Carolien, de Vries, Heder, Vught, Lonneke A., van Vugt, Michèle, Wouters, Dorien, Zwinderman, A. H (Koos, Brouwer, Matthijs C., Wiersinga, W. Joost, Vlaar, Alexander P.J., Al-Muhsen, Saleh, Al-Mulla, Fahd, Arias, Andrés A., Bogunovic, Dusan, Bolze, Alexandre, Bryceson, Yenan, Bustamante, Carlos D., Butte, Manish J., Chakravorty, Samya, Christodoulou, John, Constantinescu, Stefan N., Cooper, Megan A., Desai, Murkesh, Drolet, Beth A., El Baghdadi, Jamila, Espinosa-Padilla, Sara, Froidure, Antoine, Henrickson, Sarah E., Hsieh, Elena W.Y., Husebye, Eystein S., Imai, Kohsuke, Itan, Yuval, Jarvis, Erich D., Karamitros, Timokratis, Ku, Cheng-Lung, Ling, Yun, Lucas, Carrie L., Maniatis, Tom, Maródi, László, Milner, Joshua D., Mironska, Kristina, Ng, Lisa F.P., Novelli, Antonio, Novelli, Giuseppe, de Diego, Rebeca Perez, Renia, Laurent, Resnick, Igor, Sancho-Shimizu, Vanessa, Seppänen, Mikko R.J., Shahrooei, Mohammed, Slaby, Ondrej, Abou Tayoun, Ahmad, Ramaswamy, Sathishkumar, Turvey, Stuart E, Uddin, K M Furkan, Uddin, Mohammed J., von Bernuth, Horst, Zawadzki, Pawel, Nadif, Rachel, Goldberg, Marcel, Ozguler, Anna, Henny, Joseph, Lemonnier, Sylvie, Coeuret-Pellicer, Mireille, Le Got, Stéphane, Tzourio, Christophe, Dufouil, Carole, Soumaré, Aïcha, Lachaize, Morgane, Fievet, Nathalie, Flaig, Amandine, Martin, Fernando, Bonneaudeau, Brigitte, Cannet, Dorothée, Gallian, Pierre, Jeanne, Michel, Perroquin, Magali, Hamzeh-Cognasse, Hind, Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IHU) (Imagine - U1163), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Groupe de recherche clinique CARMAS (Cardiovascular and Respiratory Manifestations of Acute lung injury and Sepsis) (CARMAS), Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-CHU Henri Mondor [Créteil], Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Research Unit on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases (ICAN), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut de Cardiométabolisme et Nutrition = Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition [CHU Pitié Salpêtrière] (IHU ICAN), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal [APHP], Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital Roger Salengro [Lille], Etablissement Français du Sang [La Plaine Saint-Denis] (EFS), Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur, ingénierie cellulaire et génique - UFC (UMR INSERM 1098) (RIGHT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS BFC)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Santé Ingénierie Biologie Saint-Etienne (SAINBIOSE), Centre Ingénierie et Santé (CIS-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Etablissement français du sang - Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (EFS), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Grand Hôpital de l'Est Francilien (GHEF), Microbes évolution phylogénie et infections (MEPHI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Centre d'études et de recherche sur les services de santé et la qualité de vie (CEReSS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC (UMR_S 970/ U970)), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Recherche clinique appliquée à l'hématologie ((EA_3518)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Service de Réanimation Médicale et Toxicologique [Hôpital Lariboisière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal [APHP], Optimisation thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie (OPTeN (UMR_S_1144 / U1144)), Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM - UM 111 (UMR 8253 / U1151)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre d'Investigation Clinique - Epidémiologie Clinique Saint-Etienne (CIC-EC), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] (CHU ST-E)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Récepteurs Nucléaires, Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires - U1011 (RNMCD), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Immunologie Translationnelle - Translational Immunology lab, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Génétique Evolutive Humaine - Human Evolutionary Genetics, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Collège de France - Chaire Génomique humaine et évolution, Collège de France (CdF (institution)), CHU Trousseau [Tours], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Morphogénèse et antigénicité du VIH et du virus des Hépatites (MAVIVH - U1259 Inserm - CHRU Tours ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hôpital Robert Ballanger [Aulnay-sous-Bois], Hôpital Edouard Herriot [CHU - HCL], Physiopathologie de l'immunodépression associée aux réponses inflammatoires systémiques / Pathophysiology of Injury-induced Immunosuppression (PI3), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital Jean Verdier [AP-HP], Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'investigation Clinique [CHU Bichat] - Épidémiologie clinique (CIC 1425), AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Infection, Anti-microbiens, Modélisation, Evolution (IAME (UMR_S_1137 / U1137)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Cohortes épidémiologiques en population (CONSTANCES), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre de Recherche en Acquisition et Traitement de l'Image pour la Santé (CREATIS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modeling & analysis for medical imaging and Diagnosis (MYRIAD), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques (LCBPT - UMR 8601), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Agents infectieux, résistance et chimiothérapie - UR UPJV 4294 (AGIR ), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-CHU Amiens-Picardie, CHU Amiens-Picardie, French COVID cohort study group, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Rockefeller University, European Commission, Jeffrey Modell Foundation, Université de Bordeaux, Meath Foundation, National Human Genome Research Institute, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, Fondation du Souffle, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, St. Giles Foundation, Ministère des Solidarités et de la Santé, Sorbonne Université, Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, Conseil Régional Aquitaine, Conseil régional de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Meyer Foundation, Fondation de France, National Cancer Institute, European Regional Development Fund, Fundación DISA, Ministero della Salute, ANR-20-COVI-0003,GENCOVID,Identification des défauts monogéniques de l'immunité responsables des formes sévères de COVID-19 chez les patients précédemment en bonne santé(2020), ANR-20-CE93-0003,GENVIR,Analyse multi-omique de l'immunité anti-virale: de l'identification des circuits biologiques pertinents à la découverte de défauts monogéniques héréditaires de l'immunité chez les patients avec infections virales sévères(2020), ANR-20-CO11-0001,AABIFNCOV,Bases génétiques et immunologiques des auto-anticorps contre les interférons de type I prédisposant aux formes sévères de COVID-19.(2020), European Project: IdEx Bordeaux (ANR-10-IDEX- 003-02), Bastard, Paul, Gervais, Adrian, Le Voyer, Tom, Rosain, Jérémie, Philippot, Quentin, Manry, Jérémy, Michailidis, Eleftherio, Hoffmann, Hans-Heinrich, Eto, Shohei, Garcia-Prat, Marina, Bizien, Lucy, Parra-Martínez, Alba, Yang, Rui, Haljasmägi, Lii, Migaud, Mélanie, Särekannu, Karita, Maslovskaja, Julia, de Prost, Nicola, Tandjaoui-Lambiotte, Yacine, Luyt, Charles-Edouard, Amador-Borrero, Blanca, Gaudet, Alexandre, Poissy, Julien, Morel, Pascal, Richard, Pascale, Cognasse, Fabrice, Troya, Jesu, Trouillet-Assant, Sophie, Belot, Alexandre, Saker, Kahina, Garçon, Pierre, Rivière, Jacques G, Lagier, Jean-Christophe, Gentile, Stéphanie, Rosen, Lindsey B, Shaw, Elana, Morio, Tomohiro, Tanaka, Junko, Dalmau, David, Tharaux, Pierre-Loui, Sene, Damien, Stepanian, Alain, Megarbane, Bruno, Triantafyllia, Vasiliki, Fekkar, Arnaud, Heath, James R, Franco, José Lui, Anaya, Juan-Manuel, Solé-Violán, Jordi, Imberti, Luisa, Biondi, Andrea, Bonfanti, Paolo, Castagnoli, Riccardo, Delmonte, Ottavia M, Zhang, Yu, Snow, Andrew L, Holland, Steven M, Biggs, Catherine, Moncada-Vélez, Marcela, Arias, Andrés Augusto, Lorenzo, Lazaro, Boucherit, Soraya, Coulibaly, Boubacar, Anglicheau, Dany, Planas, Anna M, Haerynck, Filomeen, Duvlis, Sotirija, Nussbaum, Robert L, Ozcelik, Tayfun, Keles, Sevgi, Bousfiha, Ahmed A, El Bakkouri, Jalila, Ramirez-Santana, Carolina, Paul, Stéphane, Pan-Hammarström, Qiang, Hammarström, Lennart, Dupont, Annabelle, Kurolap, Alina, Metz, Christine N, Aiuti, Alessandro, Casari, Giorgio, Lampasona, Vito, Ciceri, Fabio, Barreiros, Lucila A, Dominguez-Garrido, Elena, Vidigal, Mateu, Zatz, Mayana, van de Beek, Diederik, Sahanic, Sabina, Tancevski, Ivan, Stepanovskyy, Yurii, Boyarchuk, Oksana, Nukui, Yoko, Tsumura, Miyuki, Vidaur, Loreto, Tangye, Stuart G, Burrel, Sonia, Duffy, Darragh, Quintana-Murci, Llui, Klocperk, Adam, Kann, Nelli Y, Shcherbina, Anna, Lau, Yu-Lung, Leung, Daniel, Coulongeat, Matthieu, Marlet, Julien, Koning, Rutger, Reyes, Luis Felipe, Chauvineau-Grenier, Angélique, Venet, Fabienne, Monneret, Guillaume, Nussenzweig, Michel C, Arrestier, Romain, Boudhabhay, Idri, Baris-Feldman, Hagit, Hagin, David, Wauters, Joost, Meyts, Isabelle, Dyer, Adam H, Kennelly, Sean P, Bourke, Nollaig M, Halwani, Rabih, Sharif-Askari, Narjes Saheb, Dorgham, Karim, Sallette, Jérome, Sedkaoui, Souad Mehlal, Alkhater, Suzan, Rigo-Bonnin, Raúl, Morandeira, Francisco, Roussel, Lucie, Vinh, Donald C, Ostrowski, Sisse Rye, Condino-Neto, Antonio, Prando, Carolina, Bonradenko, Anastasiia, Spaan, András N, Gilardin, Laurent, Fellay, Jacque, Lyonnet, Stanisla, Bilguvar, Kaya, Lifton, Richard P, Mane, Shrikant, Anderson, Mark S, Boisson, Bertrand, Béziat, Vivien, Zhang, Shen-Ying, Vandreakos, Evangelo, Hermine, Olivier, Pujol, Aurora, Peterson, Pärt, Mogensen, Trine H, Rowen, Lee, Mond, Jame, Debette, Stéphanie, de Lamballerie, Xavier, Duval, Xavier, Mentré, France, Zins, Marie, Soler-Palacin, Pere, Colobran, Roger, Gorochov, Guy, Solanich, Xavier, Susen, Sophie, Martinez-Picado, Javier, Raoult, Didier, Vasse, Marc, Gregersen, Peter K, Piemonti, Lorenzo, Rodríguez-Gallego, Carlo, Notarangelo, Luigi D, Su, Helen C, Kisand, Kai, Okada, Satoshi, Puel, Anne, Jouanguy, Emmanuelle, Rice, Charles M, Tiberghien, Pierre, Zhang, Qian, Cobat, Aurélie, Abel, Laurent, Casanova, Jean-Laurent, St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller University [New York], CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Human genetics of infectious diseases : Mendelian predisposition (Equipe Inserm U1163), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Hiroshima University, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), University of Tartu, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), CHU Henri Mondor [Créteil], Service de Réanimation Médicale [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Mycologie moléculaire - Molecular Mycology, Members of the The Milieu Intérieur Consortium: Laurent Abel1 , Andres Alcover2 , Hugues Aschard2 , Philippe Bousso2 , Nollaig Bourke3 , Petter Brodin4 , Pierre Bruhns2 , Nadine Cerf-Bensussan5 , Ana Cumano2 , Christophe D’Enfert2 , Ludovic Deriano2 , Marie-Agnès Dillies2 , James Di Santo2 , Françoise Dromer2 , Gérard Eberl2 , Jost Enninga2 , Jacques Fellay6 , Ivo Gomperts-Boneca2 , Milena Hasan2 , Gunilla Karlsson Hedestam4 , Serge Hercberg7 , Molly A. Ingersoll2 , Olivier Lantz8 , Rose Anne Kenny3 , Mickaël Ménager5 , Frédérique Michel2 , Hugo Mouquet2 , Cliona O’Farrelly3 , Etienne Patin2 , Sandra Pellegrini2 , Antonio Rausell5 , Frédéric Rieux-Laucat5 , Lars Rogge2 , Magnus Fontes9 , Anavaj Sakuntabhai2 , Olivier Schwartz2 , Benno Schwikowski2 , Spencer Shorte2 , Frédéric Tangy2 , Antoine Toubert10 , Mathilde Touvier12 , Marie-Noëlle Ungeheuer2 , Christophe Zimmer2 , Matthew L. Albert11 , Darragh Duffy2 , Lluis Quintana-Murc, ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), European Project: 824110,H2020-INFRAIA-2018-1,EASI-Genomics(2019), European Project: 948959,ERC-2020-STG,MORE2ADA2(2021), National Institutes of Health (US), National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (US), George Mason University, National Human Genome Research Institute (US), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (France), Université de Paris, Ministère des Solidarités et de la Santé (France), National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Cabildo de Tenerife, Fondation Bettencourt Schueller, Estonian Research Council, Michailidis, Eleftherios, García-Prat, Marina, Paul, Stephanie, Metz, Christine N., Barreiros, Lucila, Domínguez-Garrido, Elena, Vidigal, Mateus, Beek, Diederik van der, Stepanovskyy, Yuriy, Tangye, Stuart G., Quintana-Murci, Lluis, Kan, Nelli, Nussenzweig, Michel C., Baris, Hagit N., Dyer, Adam, Bourke, Nollaig, Vinh, Donald C., Spaan, András N., Fellay, Jacques, Mane, Shrikant M., Anderson, MarK S., Andreakos, Evangelos, Haljasmägi, Liis, Mogensen, Trine, Lamballerie, Xavier de, Soler-Palacín, Pere, Martínez-Picado, Javier, Gregersen, Peter K., Rodríguez-Gallego, Carlos, Notarangelo, Luigi D., Su, Helen C., Prost, Nicolas de, Amador-Borrero, Blanco, Troya, Jesús, Rivière, Jacques G., Gentile, Stephanie, Rosen, Lindsey B., Tharaux, Pierre-Louis, Stépanian, Alain, Mégarbane, Bruno, Heath, James R., Franco, José Luis, Anaya, Juan Manuel, Snow, Andrew L., Holland, Steven M., Biggs, Catherine M., Moncada-Velez, Marcela, Planas, Anna M., Nussbaum, Robert, Bousfiha, Ahmed Aziz, Ramírez-Santana, Carolina, Intensive care medicine, Internal medicine, AII - Infectious diseases, Pulmonary medicine, ACS - Pulmonary hypertension & thrombosis, Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, ACS - Diabetes & metabolism, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Radiology and nuclear medicine, AMS - Rehabilitation & Development, VU University medical center, Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Neuroinfection & -inflammation, Anesthesiology, APH - Quality of Care, ACS - Heart failure & arrhythmias, Özçelik, Tayfun, Children's Hospital, HUS Children and Adolescents, Clinicum, Department of Medicine, Infektiosairauksien yksikkö, HUS Inflammation Center, Admin, Oskar, Identification des défauts monogéniques de l'immunité responsables des formes sévères de COVID-19 chez les patients précédemment en bonne santé - - GENCOVID2020 - ANR-20-COVI-0003 - COVID-19 - VALID, Analyse multi-omique de l'immunité anti-virale: de l'identification des circuits biologiques pertinents à la découverte de défauts monogéniques héréditaires de l'immunité chez les patients avec infections virales sévères - - GENVIR2020 - ANR-20-CE93-0003 - AAPG2020 - VALID, Bases génétiques et immunologiques des auto-anticorps contre les interférons de type I prédisposant aux formes sévères de COVID-19. - - AABIFNCOV2020 - ANR-20-CO11-0001 - COVID-19 - VALID, Program Initiative d’Excellence - IdEx Bordeaux (ANR-10-IDEX- 003-02) - INCOMING, CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-CHU Henri Mondor, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté])-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), INSERM U1059, SAINBIOSE - Santé, Ingénierie, Biologie, Saint-Etienne (SAINBIOSE-ENSMSE), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - UMR (CIRI), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], CIC Saint Etienne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne (CHU de Saint-Etienne)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital Nord (Saint Etienne), Récepteurs Nucléaires, Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (RNMCD - U1011), Physiopathologie de l'immunodépression associée aux réponses inflammatoires systémiques - EA 7426 (PI3), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Neurology, ANS - Neuroinfection & -inflammation, Graduate School, Infectious diseases, Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, APH - Aging & Later Life, APH - Global Health, AII - Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Global Health, APH - Methodology, APH - Digital Health, APH - Personalized Medicine, ACS - Microcirculation, Bastard, P, Gervais, A, Le Voyer, T, Rosain, J, Philippot, Q, Manry, J, Michailidis, E, Hoffmann, H, Eto, S, Garcia-Prat, M, Bizien, L, Parra-Martínez, A, Yang, R, Haljasmägi, L, Migaud, M, Särekannu, K, Maslovskaja, J, de Prost, N, Tandjaoui-Lambiotte, Y, Luyt, C, Amador-Borrero, B, Gaudet, A, Poissy, J, Morel, P, Richard, P, Cognasse, F, Troya, J, Trouillet-Assant, S, Belot, A, Saker, K, Garçon, P, Rivière, J, Lagier, J, Gentile, S, Rosen, L, Shaw, E, Morio, T, Tanaka, J, Dalmau, D, Tharaux, P, Sene, D, Stepanian, A, Megarbane, B, Triantafyllia, V, Fekkar, A, Heath, J, Franco, J, Anaya, J, Solé-Violán, J, Imberti, L, Biondi, A, Bonfanti, P, Castagnoli, R, Delmonte, O, Zhang, Y, Snow, A, Holland, S, Biggs, C, Moncada-Vélez, M, Arias, A, Lorenzo, L, Boucherit, S, Coulibaly, B, Anglicheau, D, Planas, A, Haerynck, F, Duvlis, S, Nussbaum, R, Ozcelik, T, Keles, S, Bousfiha, A, El Bakkouri, J, Ramirez-Santana, C, Paul, S, Pan-Hammarström, Q, Hammarström, L, Dupont, A, Kurolap, A, Metz, C, Aiuti, A, Casari, G, Lampasona, V, Ciceri, F, Barreiros, L, Dominguez-Garrido, E, Vidigal, M, Zatz, M, van de Beek, D, Sahanic, S, Tancevski, I, Stepanovskyy, Y, Boyarchuk, O, Nukui, Y, Tsumura, M, Vidaur, L, Tangye, S, Burrel, S, Duffy, D, Quintana-Murci, L, Klocperk, A, Kann, N, Shcherbina, A, Lau, Y, Leung, D, Coulongeat, M, Marlet, J, Koning, R, Reyes, L, Chauvineau-Grenier, A, Venet, F, Monneret, G, Nussenzweig, M, Arrestier, R, Boudhabhay, I, Baris-Feldman, H, Hagin, D, Wauters, J, Meyts, I, Dyer, A, Kennelly, S, Bourke, N, Halwani, R, Sharif-Askari, N, Dorgham, K, Sallette, J, Sedkaoui, S, Alkhater, S, Rigo-Bonnin, R, Morandeira, F, Roussel, L, Vinh, D, Ostrowski, S, Condino-Neto, A, Prando, C, Bonradenko, A, Spaan, A, Gilardin, L, Fellay, J, Lyonnet, S, Bilguvar, K, Lifton, R, Mane, S, Anderson, M, Boisson, B, Béziat, V, Zhang, S, Vandreakos, E, Hermine, O, Pujol, A, Peterson, P, Mogensen, T, Rowen, L, Mond, J, Debette, S, de Lamballerie, X, Duval, X, Mentré, F, Zins, M, Soler-Palacin, P, Colobran, R, Gorochov, G, Solanich, X, Susen, S, Martinez-Picado, J, Raoult, D, Vasse, M, Gregersen, P, Piemonti, L, Rodríguez-Gallego, C, Notarangelo, L, Su, H, Kisand, K, Okada, S, Puel, A, Jouanguy, E, Rice, C, Tiberghien, P, Zhang, Q, Cobat, A, Abel, L, Casanova, J, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases (Necker Branch - INSERM U1163), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), HGID Lab, COVID Clinicians, COVID-STORM Clinicians, NIAID Immune Response to COVID Group, NH-COVAIR Study Group, Danish CHGE, Danish Blood Donor Study, St. James's Hospital, SARS CoV2 Interest group, French COVID Cohort Study Group, Imagine COVID-Group, Milieu Intérieur Consortium, CoV-Contact Cohort, Amsterdam UMC Covid-19, Biobank Investigators, COVID Human Genetic Effort, CONSTANCES cohort, 3C-Dijon Study, Cerba Health-Care, Etablissement du Sang study group, Bigio, B., Boucherit, S., de la Chapelle, A., Chen, J., Chrabieh, M., Coulibaly, B., Liu, D., Nemirowskaya, Y., Cruz, I.M., Materna, M., Pelet, S., Seeleuthner, Y., Thibault, C., Liu, Z., Abad, J., Accordino, G., Achille, C., Aguilera-Albesa, S., Aguiló-Cucurull, A., Aiuti, A., Özkan, E.A., Darazam, I.A., Roblero Albisures, J.A., Aldave, J.C., Ramos, M.A., Khan, T.A., Aliberti, A., Nadji, S.A., Alkan, G., Alkhater, S.A., Allardet-Servent, J., Allende, L.M., Alonso-Arias, R., Alshahrani, M.S., Alsina, L., Alyanakian, M.A., Borrero, B.A., Amoura, Z., Antolí, A., Arrestier, R., Aubart, M., Auguet, T., Avramenko, I., Aytekin, G., Azot, A., Bahram, S., Bajolle, F., Baldanti, F., Baldolli, A., Ballester, M., Feldman, H.B., Barrou, B., Barzagh, F., Basso, S., Bayhan, G.I., Belot, A., Bezrodnik, L., Bilbao, A., Blanchard-Rohner, G., Blanco, I., Blandinières, A., Blázquez-Gamero, D., Bleibtreu, A., Bloomfield, M., Bolivar-Prados, M., Bondarenko, A., Borghesi, A., Borie, R., Botdhlo-Nevers, E., Bousfiha, A.A., Bousquet, A., Boutolleau, D., Bouvattier, C., Boyarchuk, O., Bravais, J., Briones, M.L., Brunner, M.E., Bruno, R., Bueno, MRP, Bukhari, H., Bustamante, J., Cáceres Agra, J.J., Capra, R., Carapito, R., Carrabba, M., Casari, G., Casasnovas, C., Caseris, M., Cassaniti, I., Castelle, M., Castelli, F., de Vera, M.C., Castro, M.V., Catherinot, E., Celik, J.B., Ceschi, A., Chalumeau, M., Charbit, B., Cheng, M.P., Clavé, P., Clotet, B., Codina, A., Cohen, Y., Colobran, R., Comarmond, C., Combes, A., Comoli, P., Corsico, A.G., Coşkuner, T., Cvetkovski, A., Cyrus, C., Dalmau, D., Danion, F., Darley, D.R., Das, V., Dauby, N., Dauger, S., De Munter, P., de Pontual, L., Dehban, A., Delplancq, G., Demoule, A., Desguerre, I., Di Sabatino, A., Diehl, J.L., Dobbelaere, S., Domínguez-Garrido, E., Dubost, C., Ekwall, O., Bozdemir, Ş.E., Elnagdy, M.H., Emiroglu, M., Endo, A., Erdeniz, E.H., Aytekin, S.E., Lasa, MPE, Euvrard, R., Fabio, G., Faivre, L., Falck, A., Fartoukh, M., Faure, M., Arquero, M.F., Ferrer, R., Ferreres, J., Flores, C., Francois, B., Fumadó, V., Fung, KSC, Fusco, F., Gagro, A., Solis, B.G., Gaussem, P., Gayretli, Z., Gil-Herrera, J., Gilardin, L., Gatineau, A.G., Girona-Alarcón, M., Cifuentes Godínez, K.A., Goffard, J.C., Gonzales, N., Gonzalez-Granado, L.I., González-Montelongo, R., Guerder, A., Gülhan, B., Gumucio, V.D., Hanitsch, L.G., Gunst, J., Gut, M., Hadjadj, J., Haerynck, F., Halwani, R., Hammarström, L., Hancerli, S., Hariyan, T., Hatipoglu, N., Heppekcan, D., Hernandez-Brito, E., Ho, P.K., Holanda-Peña, M.S., Horcajada, J.P., Hraiech, S., Humbert, L., Hung, IFN, Iglesias, A.D., Íñigo-Campos, A., Jamme, M., Arranz, M.J., Jimeno, M.T., Jordan, I., Yüksek, S.K., Kara, Y.B., Karahan, A., Karbuz, A., Yasar, K.K., Kasapcopur, O., Kashimada, K., Keles, S., Demirkol, Y.K., Kido, Y., Kizil, C., Kılıç, A.O., Klocperk, A., Koutsoukou, A., Król, Z.J., Ksouri, H., Kuentz, P., Kwan, AMC, Kwan, YWM, Kwok, JSY, Lagier, J.C., Lam, DSY, Lampropoulou, V., Lanternier, F., Lau, Y.L., Le Bourgeois, F., Leo, Y.S., Lopez, R.L., Leung, D., Levin, M., Levy, M., Lévy, R., Li, Z., Lilleri, D., Lima, EJAB, Linglart, A., López-Collazo, E., Lorenzo-Salazar, J.M., Louapre, C., Lubetzki, C., Lung, K.C., Luyt, C.E., Lye, D.C., Magnone, C., Mansouri, D., Marchioni, E., Marioli, C., Marjani, M., Marques, L., Pereira, J.M., Martín-Nalda, A., Pueyo, D.M., Martinez-Picado, J., Marzana, I., Mata-Martínez, C., Mathian, A., Matos, L.R., Matthews, G.V., Mayaux, J., McLaughlin-Garcia, R., Meersseman, P., Mège, J.L., Mekontso-Dessap, A., Melki, I., Meloni, F., Meritet, J.F., Merlani, P., Akcan, Ö.M., Meyts, I., Mezidi, M., Migeotte, I., Millereux, M., Million, M., Mirault, T., Mircher, C., Mirsaeidi, M., Mizoguchi, Y., Modi, B.P., Mojoli, F., Moncomble, E., Melián, A.M., Martinez, A.M., Morandeira, F., Morange, P.E., Mordacq, C., Morelle, G., Mouly, S.J., Muñoz-Barrera, A., Nafati, C., Nagashima, S., Nakagama, Y., Neven, B., Neves, J.F., Ng, L.F., Ng, Y.Y., Nielly, H., Medina, Y.N., Cuadros, E.N., Ocejo-Vinyals, J.G., Okamoto, K., Oualha, M., Ouedrani, A., Özçelik, T., Ozkaya-Parlakay, A., Pagani, M., Pan-Hammarström, Q., Papadaki, M., Parizot, C., Parola, P., Pascreau, T., Paul, S., Paz-Artal, E., Pedraza, S., González Pellecer, N.C., Pellegrini, S., de Diego, R.P., Pérez-Fernández, X.L., Philippe, A., Philippot, Q., Picod, A., de Chambrun, M.P., Piralla, A., Planas-Serra, L., Ploin, D., Poissy, J., Poncelet, G., Poulakou, G., Pouletty, M.S., Pourshahnazari, P., Qiu-Chen, J.L., Quentric, P., Rambaud, T., Raoult, D., Raoult, V., Rebillat, A.S., Redin, C., Resmini, L., Ricart, P., Richard, J.C., Rigo-Bonnin, R., Rivet, N., Rivière, J.G., Rocamora-Blanch, G., Rodero, M.P., Rodrigo, C., Rodriguez, L.A., Rodriguez-Gallego, C., Rodriguez-Palmero, A., Romero, C.S., Rothenbuhler, A., Roux, D., Rovina, N., Rozenberg, F., Ruch, Y., Ruiz, M., Ruiz Del Prado, M.Y., Ruiz-Rodriguez, J.C., Sabater-Riera, J., Saks, K., Salagianni, M., Sanchez, O., Sánchez-Montalvá, A., Sánchez-Ramón, S., Schidlowski, L., Schluter, A., Schmidt, J., Schmidt, M., Schuetz, C., Schweitzer, C.E., Scolari, F., Sediva, A., Seijo, L., Seminario, A.G., Sene, D., Seng, P., Senoglu, S., Seppänen, M., Llovich, A.S., Shahrooei, M., Shcherbina, A., Siguret, V., Siouti, E., Smadja, D.M., Smith, N., Sobh, A., Solanich, X., Solé-Violán, J., Soler, C., Soler-Palacín, P., Sözeri, B., Stella, G.M., Stepanovskiy, Y., Stoclin, A., Taccone, F., Tandjaoui-Lambiotte, Y., Taupin, J.L., Tavernier, S.J., Tello, L.V., Terrier, B., Thiery, G., Thorball, C., Thorn, K., Thumerelle, C., Tipu, I., Tolstrup, M., Tomasoni, G., Toubiana, J., Alvarez, J.T., Triantafyllia, V., Trouillet-Assant, S., Troya, J., Tsang, OTY, Tserel, L., Tso, EYK, Tucci, A., Tüter Öz, Ş.K., Ursini, M.V., Utsumi, T., Uzunhan, Y., Vabres, P., Valencia-Ramos, J., Van Den Rym, A.M., Vandernoot, I., Velez-Santamaria, V., Zuniga Veliz, S.P., Vidigal, M.C., Viel, S., Vilain, C., Vilaire-Meunier, M.E., Villar-García, J., Vincent, A., Vogt, G., Voiriot, G., Volokha, A., Vuotto, F., Wauters, E., Wauters, J., Wu, AKL, Wu, T.C., Yahşi, A., Yesilbas, O., Yildiz, M., Young, B.E., Yükselmiş, U., Zatz, M., Zecca, M., Zuccaro, V., Jens, V.P., Lambrecht, B.N., Eva, V.B., Cédric, B., Levi, H., Eric, H., Bauters, F., De Clercq, J., Cathérine, H., Hans, S., Leslie, N., Florkin, B., Boulanger, C., Vanderlinden, D., Foti, G., Bellani, G., Citerio, G., Contro, E., Pesci, A., Valsecchi, M.G., Cazzaniga, M., Danielson, J.J., Dobbs, K., Kashyap, A., Ding, L., Dalgard, C.L., Sottini, A., Quaresima, V., Quiros-Roldan, E., Rossi, C., Bettini, L.R., D'Angio', M., Beretta, I., Montagna, D., Licari, A., Marseglia, G.L., Batten, I., Reddy, C., McElheron, M., Noonan, C., Connolly, E., Fallon, A., Storgaard, M., Jørgensen, S., Erikstrup, C., Pedersen, O.B., Sørensen, E., Mikkelsen, S., Dinh, K.M., Larsen, MAH, Paulsen, I.W., Von Stemann, J.H., Hansen, M.B., Ostrowski, S.R., Townsend, L., Cheallaigh, C.N., Bergin, C., Martin-Loeches, I., Dunne, J., Conlon, N., Bourke, N., O'Farrelly, C., Abel, L., Allavena, C., Andrejak, C., Angoulvant, F., Azoulay, C., Bachelet, D., Bartoli, M., Basmaci, R., Behilill, S., Beluze, M., Benech, N., Benkerrou, D., Bhavsar, K., Bitker, L., Bouadma, L., Bouscambert-Duchamp, M., Paz, P.C., Cervantes-Gonzalez, M., Chair, A., Chirouze, C., Coelho, A., Cordel, H., Couffignal, C., Couffin-Cadiergues, S., d'Ortenzio, E., De Montmollin, E., Debard, A., Debray, M.P., Deplanque, D., Descamps, D., Desvallée, M., Diallo, A., Diouf, A., Dorival, C., Dubos, F., Duval, X., Eloy, P., Enouf, V., Epaulard, O., Esperou, H., Esposito-Farese, M., Etienne, M., Garot, D., Gault, 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Briseño-Roa, L., Gribouval, O., Pelet, A., Alcover, A., Aschard, H., Bousso, P., Brodin, P., Bruhns, P., Cerf-Bensussan, N., Cumano, A., D'Enfert, C., Deriano, L., Dillies, M.A., Di Santo, J., Dromer, F., Eberl, G., Enninga, J., Fellay, J., Gomperts-Boneca, I., Hasan, M., Hedestam, G.K., Hercberg, S., Ingersoll, M.A., Lantz, O., Kenny, R.A., Ménager, M., Michel, F., Patin, E., Rausell, A., Rieux-Laucat, F., Rogge, L., Fontes, M., Sakuntabhai, A., Schwartz, O., Schwikowski, B., Shorte, S., Tangy, F., Toubert, A., Touvier, M., Ungeheuer, M.N., Zimmer, C., Albert, M.L., Duffy, D., Quintana-Murci, L., Alavoine, L., Behillil, S., Burdet, C., Charpentier, C., Dechanet, A., Ecobichon, J.L., Frezouls, W., Houhou, N., Lehacaut, J., Manchon, P., Nouroudine, M., Quintin, C., Thy, M., van der Werf, S., Vignali, V., Chahine, A., Waucquier, N., Migaud, M.C., Djossou, F., Mergeay-Fabre, M., Lucarelli, A., Demar, M., Bruneau, L., Gérardin, P., Maillot, A., Payet, C., Laviolle, B., Paris, C., 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[0000-0002-5360-5180], Burrel, Sonia [0000-0002-7783-2601], Duffy, Darragh [0000-0002-8875-2308], Quintana-Murci, Lluis [0000-0003-2429-6320], Klocperk, Adam [0000-0002-1526-4557], Kan, Nelli [0000-0003-3564-6496], Shcherbina, Anna [0000-0002-3113-4939], Lau, Yu-Lung [0000-0002-4780-0289], Leung, Daniel [0000-0002-9360-6233], Coulongeat, Matthieu [0000-0003-1986-3546], Marlet, Julien [0000-0002-8645-8703], Koning, Rutger [0000-0003-3128-5072], Reyes, Luis Felipe [0000-0003-1172-6539], Venet, Fabienne [0000-0003-0462-4235], Monneret, Guillaume [0000-0002-9961-5739], Nussenzweig, Michel C. [0000-0003-0592-8564], Baris, Hagit N. [0000-0003-4065-7560], Hagin, David [0000-0003-2702-1031], Wauters, Joost [0000-0002-5983-3897], Meyts, Isabelle [0000-0003-1214-0302], Dyer, Adam [0000-0003-1356-510X], Bourke, Nollaig [0000-0003-4313-6859], Halwani, Rabih [0000-0002-6516-7771], and Sharif-Askari, Narjes Saheb [0000-0003-0482-6777]

Lamazou, F., Oger, P., Dieli-Crimi, Romina, Guerin, A., Letouzey, V., Octernaud, S., Place, V., Calès, P., Descamps, P., Delaroche, L., Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Jeffrey Modell Foundation, Clínica de Reproducción Asistida y Fertilidad (IVI Barcelona), Hôpital Universitaire Carémeau [Nîmes] (CHU Nîmes), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Hémodynamique, Interaction Fibrose et Invasivité tumorales Hépatiques (HIFIH), Université d'Angers (UA), Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron [Pôle Chimie Balard] (IBMM), and Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Durga Sivanesan, Cindy S. Ma, Zafer Caliskaner, Katia Abarca, Jaime Inostroza, Hicham Souhi, Nicholas Hernandez, Stephen W. Michnick, Alix Checchi, Tayfun Ozcelik, Ahmed Abid, Rubén Martínez-Barricarte, Noé Ramírez-Alejo, Adil Zegmout, Esra Hazar Sayar, Nico Marr, Ismail Reisli, Lluis Quintana-Murci, Jamila El-Baghdadi, Bernhard Fleckenstein, Hassan Abolhassani, Jacinta Bustamante, Ingrid Müller-Fleckenstein, Ismail Abderahmani Rhorfi, Antonio Condino-Neto, Jose Antonio Tavares de Albuquerque, Rodrigo Naves, Dimitry N. Krementsov, Beatriz Tavares Costa-Carvalho, Sandra Pellegrini, Aurélie Cobat, Robert Fisch, Michael J. Ciancanelli, Gaspard Kerner, Lorena Orozco, Geetha Rao, Jeanette Mulwa, Hans D. Ochs, Stuart G. Tangye, Fabienne Jabot-Hanin, Patricia García, Frederic Geissmann, Stéphanie Boisson-Dupuis, Humberto García-Ortiz, Zhi Li, Tomi Lazarov, Bertrand Boisson, Hicham Naji Amrani, María Elvira Balcells, Caroline Deswarte, Andrea Guennoun, Alexis Strickler, Carolyn C. Jackson, Sevgi Pekcan, Janet Markle, Joshua Halpern, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Cory Teuscher, Che Kang Lim, Anne Puel, Yuval Itan, Lennart Hammarström, Matthieu Bouaziz, Etienne Patin, Laurent Abel, Qian Zhang, Kathryn Payne, St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller University [New York], Human genetics of infectious diseases : Mendelian predisposition (Equipe Inserm U1163), Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IMAGINE - U1163), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Signalisation des Cytokines - Cytokine Signaling, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Bioinformatique, Biostatistique et Biologie Intégrative (C3BI), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génétique Evolutive Humaine - Human Evolutionary Genetics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research [Darlinghurst, Australia], Laboratory for the Modeling of Biological and Socio-technical Systems [Boston] (MoBS), Northeastern University [Boston], Memorial Sloane Kettering Cancer Center [New York], Laboratory of Genetic Medicine & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine [Qatar], Bases de données et traitement des langues naturelles (BDTLN), Laboratoire d'Informatique Fondamentale et Appliquée de Tours (LIFAT), Université de Tours-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Centre Val de Loire (INSA CVL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Centre Val de Loire (INSA CVL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany, Sidra Medicine [Doha, Qatar], Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Infectious Diseases Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), Institute of Biomedical Sciences - Department of Immunology [Sao Paulo], University of São Paulo (USP), Hosp Puerto Montt, University of Washington [Seattle], Selcuk University, CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Garvan Institute for Medical Research, Génétique Humaine des Maladies Infectieuses (Inserm U980), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service d'immuno-hématologie pédiatrique [CHU Necker], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], The Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases was supported, in part, by grants from the French National Agency for Research (ANR) under the 'Investissement d’avenir' program (grant no. ANR-10-IAHU-01), the TBPATHGEN project (grant no. ANR-14-CE14-0007-01), the GENMSMD project (grant no. ANR-16-CE17-0005-01), the Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory of Excellence (grant no. ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), the European Research Council (ERC, grant no. ERC-2010-AdG-268777), the SCOR Corporate Foundation for Science, the St. Giles Foundation, the National Center for Research Resources and the National Center for Advancing Sciences (NCATS), NIH (grant no. UL1TR001866), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) (grant nos. 5R01AI089970, 5R37AI095983, 5U01AI088685, and 5U19AI111143), and The Rockefeller University. Work at the Cytokine Signaling Unit was supported, in part, by a grant from Fondation de la Recherche Médicale to S. Pellegrini (grant no. DEQ20170336741). J.B. was supported by Support of Clinical Research (grant no. SRC2017). C.S.M. and S.G.T. were supported by fellowships and grants from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia and the Office of Health and Medical Research of the Government of New South Wales (Australia). M.E.B. was supported by Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (FONDECYT, grant no. 1171570) A.C.-N. was supported by Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado e de São Paulo (Fapesp) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq). N.R.-A. was supported by fellowships from Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT, grant no. 264011) and the Stony Wold-Herbert Fund. Z.L. was supported by the CNRS. J. Markle was supported by the Charles H. Revson Senior Fellowship in Biomedical Sciences and NIAID grant K99AI27932. C.C.J. was the Damon Runyon-Richard Lumsden Foundation Physician Scientist supported by the Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation (PST-03-15). H.D.O. was supported by the Jeffrey Modell Foundation. N.H. was supported by a Medical Scientist Training Program grant from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the NIH under award no. T32GM007739 to the Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan-Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program. The content of this study is the sole responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH. The Yale Center for Mendelian Genomics (UM1HG006504) is funded by the National Human Genome Research Institute. Funds were also provided by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. The GSP Coordinating Center (U24 HG008956) contributed to cross-program scientific initiatives and provided logistical and general study coordination., ANR-10-IAHU-0001,Imagine,Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Imagine(2010), ANR-14-CE14-0007,TBPATHGEN,Dissection de la pathogenèse de la tuberculose par l'identification de défauts monogéniques de l'immunité dans les formes pédiatriques sévères de la maladie(2014), ANR-16-CE17-0005,GENMSMD,Dissection génétique de la Susceptibilité Mendélienne aux infections mycobactériennes chez l'homme(2016), ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), European Project: 268777,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2010-AdG_20100317,GENTB(2011), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Garvan Institute of medical research, Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Centre Val de Loire (INSA CVL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Centre Val de Loire (INSA CVL), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Özçelik, Tayfun, Li, Zhi, Instituts Hospitalo-Universitaires - Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Imagine - - Imagine2010 - ANR-10-IAHU-0001 - IAHU - VALID, Appel à projets générique - Dissection de la pathogenèse de la tuberculose par l'identification de défauts monogéniques de l'immunité dans les formes pédiatriques sévères de la maladie - - TBPATHGEN2014 - ANR-14-CE14-0007 - Appel à projets générique - VALID, Dissection génétique de la Susceptibilité Mendélienne aux infections mycobactériennes chez l'homme - - GENMSMD2016 - ANR-16-CE17-0005 - AAPG2016 - VALID, Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases - - IBEID2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0062 - LABX - VALID, Human Genetics of Tuberculosis - GENTB - - EC:FP7:ERC2011-06-01 - 2016-05-31 - 268777 - VALID, and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]

Davood Mansouri, Caroline Galeotti, Parvaneh Adimi, Olivier Lortholary, Laurent Abel, Sébastien Héritier, Mahin Jamshidi, Valeska Bidault, Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux, Capucine Picard, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Luyan Liu, Elisa Barbati, Stéphane Blanche, Maryline Chomton, Serge Romana, Emmanuel Jacquemin, Vincent Pedergnana, Seyed Alireza Mahdaviani, Fanny Lanternier, Julie Lachenaud, Marie-Louise Frémond, Danielle Canioni, Adela Angoulvant, Ulrich Meinzer, Emmanuel Gonzales, Mélanie Migaud, Anne Puel, Nahal Mansouri, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre d'infectiologie Necker-Pasteur [CHU Necker], Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Human genetics of infectious diseases : Mendelian predisposition (Equipe Inserm U1163), Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IMAGINE - U1163), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), AP-HP Hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré [Paris], Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IHU) (Imagine - U1163), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), DHU Hepatinov, Centre de Référence des Maladies Auto-Inflammatoires et des Amyloses [Le Kremlin-Bicêtre] (CeRéMAIA), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Bicêtre, Signalisation calcique et interactions cellulaires dans le foie, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier René Dubos [Pontoise], Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Partenaires INRAE, Shahid Beheshti University, Islamic Azad University, Department of Infectious Disease, Hanoï Medical University, Biologie et Pathogénicité fongiques (BPF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Rockefeller University [New York], Centre National de Référence des Mycoses invasives et antifongiques - Mycologie moléculaire (CNRMA), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The ANR (grant GENCMCD 11-BSV3-005-01, the Jeffrey Modell Foundation, the French government's Investissement d'Avenir program (ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), the Clinical and Translational Science Award Program, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health (grant UL1TR000043), Rockefeller University, including the St. Giles Foundation, INSERM, and Paris Descartes University, ANR-11-BSV3-0005,GENCMCD,Dissection génétique de la candidose cutanéo-muqueuse chronique chez l'homme(2011), ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), Coordination des Cellules et Morphogenèse / Heart Morphogenesis (Imagine - Institut Pasteur U1163), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Biologie et Pathogénicité fongiques, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), ProdInra, Migration, BLANC - Dissection génétique de la candidose cutanéo-muqueuse chronique chez l'homme - - GENCMCD2011 - ANR-11-BSV3-0005 - BLANC - VALID, and Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases - - IBEID2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0062 - LABX - VALID

Erwin Schurr, Marianna Orlova, Ayoub Sabri, Vaomalala Raharimanga, Ahmed Abid, Anne Boland, Yasser Gharbaoui, Safa El Azbaoui, Daniel K. Nolan, Luis B. Barreiro, Laurent Abel, Jamila El Baghdadi, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Majid Benkirane, Satoshi Okada, Ismail Abderrahmani Rhorfi, Voahangy Rasolofo, Jacinta Bustamante, Mélanie Migaud, Vincent Richard, Stéphanie Boisson-Dupuis, Audrey V. Grant, Kebir Alaoui-Tahiri, Génétique Humaine des Maladies Infectieuses (Inserm U980), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IMAGINE - U1163), Genetics Unit, Military Hospital Mohamed V, Department of Pneumology, Blood Transfusion Center, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), McGill Centre for the Study of Host Resistance, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Centre National de Génotypage (CNG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller University [New York], CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Centre, Service d'immuno-hématologie pédiatrique [CHU Necker], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Infections à Vih, Réservoirs, Pharmacologie des Antirétroviraux et Prévention de la Transmission Mère Enfant, Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Pasteur Institute of Paris (Progamme Transversal de Recherche PTR202), Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, St. Giles Foundation, Jeffrey Modell Foundation and Talecris Biotherapeutics, Rockefeller University Center for Clinical and Translational Science (5UL1RR024143-04) Rockefeller University, and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (1R01AI089970-01 and U01AI088685). A.V.G. was partly supported by the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale and Fondation BNP Paribas. L.B.B. is a scholar of the Fonds de la Recherche en Santé du Québec., Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine / Research Center of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital [Montreal, Canada], Université de Montréal (UdeM)-CHU Sainte Justine [Montréal]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-CHU Sainte Justine [Montréal], Génétique Humaine des Maladies Infectieuses ( Inserm U980 ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques ( IMAGINE - U1163 ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), Institut Pasteur de Madagascar-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur ( RIIP ), The Research Institute of the McGill-University Health Centre, Centre National de Génotypage ( CNG ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, rockefeller university, Université de Montréal-Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Centre, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), McGill University, and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP]

Prando, C, Samarina, A, Bustamante, J, Boisson-Dupuis, S, Cobat, A, Picard, C, AlSum, Z, Al-Jumaah, S, Al-Hajjar, S, Frayha, H, Alangari, A, Al-Mousa, H, Mobaireek, KF, Ben-Mustapha, I, Adimi, P, Feinberg, J, de Suremain, M, Jannière, L, Filipe-Santos, O, Mansouri, N, Stephan, JL, Nallusamy, R, Kumararatne, DS, Bloorsaz, MR, Ben-Ali, M, Elloumi-Zghal, H, Chemli, J, Bouguila, J, Bejaoui, M, Alaki, E, AlFawaz, TS, Al Idrissi, E, ElGhazali, G, Pollard, AJ, Murugasu, B, Wah Lee, B, Halwani, R, Al-Zahrani, M, Al Shehri, MA, Bin-Hussain, I, Mahdaviani, SA, Parvaneh, N, Abel, L, Mansouri, D, Barbouche, R, Al-Muhsen, S, Casanova, JL, Rockefeller University [New York], CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IMAGINE - U1163), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service d'immuno-hématologie pédiatrique [CHU Necker], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], King Saud University [Riyadh] (KSU), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences [Tehran] (SBUMS), Shahid Beheshti University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Département de Pediatrie, Université de St Etienne, Department of Pediatrics, Penang Medical College, Addenbrookes Hospital, Sahloul Hospital, Farhat Hached Hospital, Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, King Fahad Med City, Dept Pediat, Univ Oxford, NIHR Oxford Biomed Res Ctr, Childrens Hosp, Dept Paediat, Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Pediat, Secur Forces Hosp, Dept Pediat, King Fahad Medical City, Univ Tehran Med Sci, Pediat Infect Dis Res Ctr, Université Paris Descartes - Faculté de Médecine (UPD5 Médecine), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), The Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases is supported by institutional grants to INSERM and The Rockefeller University, and grants from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR), the European Union HOMITB (E08153KK) and NEOTIM (018736), the St. Giles Foundation, the Thrasher Research Fund, the Jeffrey Modell Foundation, Talecris Biotherapeutics, National Institutes of Health (1R01AI089970-01), European Project: 200732,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2007-A,HOMITB(2008), European Project: 33419,NEOTIM, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, King Saud Univ, Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM), and National University of Singapore (NUS)

Maya Chrabieh, Herbert W. Virgin, Evelina Mazzolari, Laura Israel, Alain Israël, Damien Chaussabel, Anne Puel, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Pierre Quartier, Donna A. MacDuff, Avinash Abhyankar, Elisabeth Israelsson, Marianne Debré, Capucine Picard, Fabrice Agou, Fanny Bajolle, Virginia Pascual, Dusan Bogunovic, Marjorie Hubeau, Giraldina Trevejo-Nunez, Carolina Prando, Fabio Facchetti, Silvia Giliani, Bertrand Boisson, Alma-Martina Cepika, Xavier Bossuyt, Damien Bonnet, Jean-Christophe Fournet, Emmanuel Laplantine, Luigi D. Notarangelo, Donatella Vairo, Caroline Rambaud, Zhaohui Xu, Rockefeller University [New York], Signalisation Moléculaire et Activation Cellulaire (SMAC), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Brescia [Brescia], Benaroya Research Institute [Seattle] (BRI), Baylor Institute for Immunology Research (BIIR), Génétique Humaine des Maladies Infectieuses (Inserm U980), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Biochimie Structurale et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Hôpital Raymond Poincaré [AP-HP], Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), This work was partly funded by US National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences and National Center for Research Resources, US National Institutes of Health (NIH, 8UL1TR000043), St. Giles Foundation, Jeffrey Modell Foundation, Rockefeller University, INSERM, Paris Descartes University, US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R21AI085523, J.-L.C. and D.C.), NIH (5P01AI061093, J.-L.C.), NIH (R01AR050770, V.P.), Canceropole Ile de France (2007, A.I.), European Community Network of Excellence-Role of Ubiquitin and Ubiquitin-like Modifiers in Cellular Regulation (LSHC-CT-2005-018683, E.L. and A.I.), Thrasher Research Fund (C. Prando), Institut de Recherches Servier (E.L., F.A. and A.I.) and Manton Foundation (L.D.N.)., Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Università degli Studi di Brescia = University of Brescia (UniBs)

Louis Bernard, Fabrice Chrétien, Vincent Pedergnana, Christiane Vermylen, Davood Mansouri, Jean-Laurent Casanova, A. S. Brunel, Elisa Barbati, Jacques Reynes, Seyed Alireza Mahdaviani, Anne Puel, Fanny Lanternier, Jean-Jacques de Bruycker, Michèle Loop, Dimitri Van der Linden, Yatrika Koumar, Blandine Denis, Romain Lévy, Laurent Abel, Marie-Cécile Nassogne, Julie Peeters, Hélène Chaussade, Mélanie Migaud, Alejandro A. Schäffer, Olivier Lortholary, Noureddine Amazrine, Ariel de Selys, Capucine Picard, Guillaume Desoubeaux, Ilad Alavi Darazam, Mihai G. Netea, Luyan Liu, Sophie Martin, Olga Chatzis, Jean Vanclaire, Grégory Jouvion, Thomas S. Harrison, Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IMAGINE - U1163), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'infectiologie Necker-Pasteur [CHU Necker], Institut Pasteur [Paris]-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Shahid Beheshti University, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Hôpital Bretonneau, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes), Département Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Universitaire, Montpellier, France, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Université de Montpellier (UM), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc [Bruxelles], Clinique Saint-Jean [Bruxelles], Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Pathologies Respiratoires : Protéolyse et Aérosolthérapie, Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Histopathologie humaine et Modèles animaux, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Centre Hospitalier Sainte Anne [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Radboud University Medical Center [Nijmegen], Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) [Saint-Justine, Montréal], Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques er émergentes (TransVIHMI), Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1), St George's, University of London, Service d'immuno-hématologie pédiatrique [CHU Necker], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Centre National de Référence Mycoses Invasives et Antifongiques - National Reference Center Invasive Mycoses & Antifungals (CNRMA), Supported in part by the Rockefeller University, INSERM, Paris Descartes University, the St. Giles Foundation and l'Agence Nationale de la Recherche (grant GENCMCD no 11-BSV3-005-01 to A.P.), and a Translational Research grant from the Jeffrey Modell Foundation (to A.P.). This study also received funding from the French Government as part of the Investissement d'Avenir program, Laboratoire d'Excellence 'Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases' (grant no. ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID). F.L. was supported by a grant from the CMIT (French Faculties College of Infectious Diseases) and INSERM., ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), ANR-11-BSV3-0005,GENCMCD,Dissection génétique de la candidose cutanéo-muqueuse chronique chez l'homme(2011), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU TOURS), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nîmes (CHRU Nîmes), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Université de Tours-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses (TransVIHMI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Universtié Yaoundé 1 [Cameroun]-Université de Montpellier (UM), St George‘s, University of London, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID,IBEID,Laboratoire d'Excellence 'Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases'(2010), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques et émergentes (TransVIHMI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), UCL - SSS/IONS/NEUR - Clinical Neuroscience, UCL - SSS/IREC/PEDI - Pôle de Pédiatrie, UCL - (SLuc) Service de cardiologie pédiatrique, UCL - (SLuc) Service d'hématologie et d'oncologie pédiatrique, UCL - (SLuc) Service de neurologie pédiatrique, and UCL - (SLuc) Service de pédiatrie générale

Lluis Quintana-Murci, Patrick Maffucci, David Neil Cooper, Peter D. Stenson, Etienne Patin, Jacques Fellay, Alexandre Bolze, Laurent Abel, Joseph G. Gleeson, Alessandro Borghesi, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Benedetta Bigio, Lei Shang, Eric Scott, Bertrand Boisson, Charlotte Cunningham-Rundles, Yuval Itan, Aurélie Cobat, Marie Lopez, Franck Rapaport, Matthieu Bendavid, St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller University [New York], Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), Human genetics of infectious diseases : Mendelian predisposition (Equipe Inserm U1163), Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IMAGINE - U1163), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Génétique Evolutive Humaine - Human Evolutionary Genetics, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helix [San Carlos, CA], University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC), Cardiff University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Sergi, Gianna, Centre de Bioinformatique (CBIO), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-PSL Research University (PSL), Génétique Humaine des Maladies Infectieuses (Inserm U980), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génomique évolutive, modélisation et santé (GEMS), Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Morphological Sciences, Central South University of Forestry and Technology (CSUFT ), Department of Medicine, University of California, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IHU) (Imagine - U1163), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), Centre de Bioinformatique, Biostatistique et Biologie Intégrative (C3BI), Howard Hughes Medical Institute [New York] (HHMI), Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI)-Rockefeller University [New York]-Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC)-New York University School of Medicine, NYU System (NYU)-NYU System (NYU), This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (Grants P01AI061093, U24AI086037, R18AI048693, T32GM007280, R01AI088364, R01AI095983, and R01AI127564), the French National Research Agency (ANR 14-CE15-0009-01), the Jeffrey Modell Foundation, and the David S. Gottesman Immunology Chair and the Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai., and ANR-14-CE15-0009,PNEUMOPID,Infections invasives à pneumocoque de l'enfant : vers l'identification de nouveaux déficits immunitaires héréditaires(2014)