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This paper presents an innovative solution for 3D character model texture mapping based on artificial intelligence (AI) image generation models. This study explored the potential of AI-generated textures to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the traditional manual workflow. By leveraging state-of-the-art AI image generation techniques, we proposed a new workflow that could address existing challenges in the current texture mapping process. This research began with an introduction to AI image generation models with a review of the current status and applications of these models in texture map generation. We then identified and analyzed issues associated with the existing character model texture workflow, highlighting inefficiencies and areas for improvement. Our proposed AI-assisted workflow aimed to streamline the texture creation process, significantly reducing the time required while maintaining high-quality outputs. To validate the new workflow, we conducted a series of experiments with professional 3D artists, yielding clear and significant results. The new AI-assisted workflow significantly reduced texture creation time by an average of 76% to 89% compared to traditional manual methods, demonstrating its potential to drastically improve efficiency. Qualitative feedback from artists highlighted that the new workflow not only streamlined the process, but also made it more user-friendly and accessible. However, some limitations were identified, including the need for further refinement of AI-generated textures to achieve a quality level comparable to those created by highly skilled artists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface texturing is a technique that allows for the shaping of surface topography to meet various mechanical and tribological requirements. Abrasive-water jet (AWJ) technology is a promising approach to surface texturing, offering minimal heat impact, flexibility, and compatibility with complex surface geometries. High-pressure abrasive-water jet (AWJ) technology, as an innovative and versatile approach, significantly expands the possibilities of surface texturing for materials. Its advantages, such as precision, minimal thermal impact, sustainability, and a wide range of industrial applications, make it an attractive solution across various sectors. With continuous development and integration with modern digital technologies, AWJ is becoming an increasingly practical and cutting-edge tool in surface processing. The abrasive-water jet texturing process also affects surface geometry during the mating of components, which may be significant in reducing wear. The aim of the research was to determine the feasibility of obtaining specific structures on the surface of 304/1.4301 steel using abrasive-water jet technology. Results show that the highest load-bearing ratio of Smrk1 peaks, approximately 25%, was achieved at a texturing speed of 0.803 m/min. Conversely, the lowest load-bearing ratio of Smrk1 peaks, below 10%, was achieved at a texturing speed of 1.948 m/min. Grinding the surface after texturing increases its load-bearing capacity, leading to a twofold increase in the ability to maintain an oil layer. The obtained results may find application in various fields where controlling surface geometry is essential for improving material functionality and efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High‐performance polycrystalline calcium cobaltite ceramic was synthesized via electrospinning of nanoribbons, followed by dual‐process compaction using spark plasma sintering and edge‐free spark plasma texturing. The combination of nanoribbon electrospinning and this multistage sintering technique was employed for the first time and resulted in exceptionally well‐textured thermoelectric ceramics. The textured ceramic had excellent thermoelectric properties. At 1073 K, the ceramic exhibited an electrical conductivity of 268 S cm−1, a Seebeck coefficient of 247 µV K−1 and a heat conductivity of 3.3 W m−1 K−1. In addition, the power factor and figure‐of‐merit reached enormously high values of 16.3 µW cm−1 K−2 and 0.53, respectively. This represents the highest thermoelectric performance reported to date not only for electrospun, polycrystalline calcium cobaltite fiber ceramics, but also for undoped polycrystalline calcium cobaltite ceramics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract. Today, the use of 3D visualization technologies is one of the key directions in the field of information technologies. The 3D direction has become extremely popular in many fields, such as architecture, interior design, game industry, medicine, automotive and other fields. This method opens up new opportunities for perception and interpretation of information, adding it to a three-dimensional virtual space. The topic of the research work is the creation of a software module (addon) for the Blender3D program, which will provide the user with a library of ready-made materials, divided by categories. This addon has similar functionality to Substance Painter and Quixel Mixer, the main functions of which are to create and adjust materials and textures for imported ready-made 3D models. The addon has its own name "QuickShader" and will provide the user with 8 shaders and 35 PBR materials. Throughout the development of the project, the Waterfall life cycle model was used, stability and a clear structure were put first, which helped to efficiently work through each step of creating an addon for the Blender program. In the conclusion to the scientific work, it can also be noted that the development of a software addon for Blender3D, which includes a library of shader operators and PBR materials, will greatly facilitate the work of users when assigning textures to objects on the scene. A library of shader operators makes it easy to implement and customize shaders for light, glass, and some metals, giving you more control over the visual aspect of the scene. PBR materials provide realism due to the accurate representation of physical properties using Physically Based Rendering technologies. This addon gives users the ability to interact more effectively with procedural materials, providing a quick means to create realistic renders. This module automates the creation of materials by providing a list of prepared shaders and textures that can be applied to scene objects. The user will be provided with a set of ready-made shaders (glass, light material, metals) and PBR materials (wood, fabric, metals, and others), which can be applied with one button on the module panel.

Restoring the appearance of the model is a crucial step for achieving realistic 3D reconstruction. High‐fidelity textures can also conceal some geometric defects. Since the estimated camera parameters and reconstructed geometry usually contain errors, subsequent texture mapping often suffers from undesirable visual artifacts such as blurring, ghosting, and visual seams. In particular, significant misalignment between the reconstructed model and the registered images will lead to texturing the mesh with inconsistent image regions. However, eliminating various artifacts to generate high‐quality textures remains a challenge. In this paper, we address this issue by designing a texture optimization method to generate seamless and aligned textures for 3D reconstruction. The main idea is to detect misalignment regions between images and geometry and exclude them from texture mapping. To handle the texture holes caused by these excluded regions, a cross‐patch texture hole‐filling method is proposed, which can also synthesize plausible textures for invisible faces. Moreover, for better stitching of the textures from different views, an improved camera pose optimization is present by introducing color adjustment and boundary point sampling. Experimental results show that the proposed method can eliminate the artifacts caused by inaccurate input data robustly and produce high‐quality texture results compared with state‐of‐the‐art methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ZnO is an earth abundant, safe, environmentally friendly, and relatively inexpensive resource for the application in the manufacturing of thermoelectric materials. In this work hollow spherical particles of Zn0.995In0.005O produced by the spray solution combustion synthesis (SSCS) with the stochiometric (φ1) and excessive (φ3) amount of glycine fuel were sintered at 900°C by the spark plasma sintering technique and thermoelectric properties of sintered Sφ1 and Sφ3 materials was measured. The best thermoelectric figure of merit zT ∼ 0.08 at 1050 K obtained for the materials produced at stoichiometric amount of fuel (φ1). It was shown that lower amount of fuel (φ1) used during the synthesis favors formation of porous and less textured structure which exhibits better thermoelectrical properties. The Lotgering factor (LF) calculated from the intensities of XRD (002) peaks was 0.65 for Sφ3 sample, whereas for Sφ1 sample LF (002) = 0.08. The average pore size of sintered Sφ1 and Sφ3 materials was around 200 nm. The total porosity was about 5–8% for Sφ1 and 2–3% for Sφ3 material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose MatUp, an upsampling filter for material super‐resolution. Our method takes as input a low‐resolution SVBRDF and upscales its maps so that their rendering under various lighting conditions fits upsampled renderings inferred in the radiance domain with pre‐trained RGB upsamplers. We formulate our local filter as a compact Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), which acts on a small window of the input SVBRDF and is optimized using a data‐fitting loss defined over upsampled radiance at various locations. This optimization is entirely performed at the scale of a single, independent material. Doing so, MatUp leverages the reconstruction capabilities acquired over large collections of natural images by pre‐trained RGB models and provides regularization over self‐similar structures. In particular, our light‐weight neural filter avoids retraining complex architectures from scratch or accessing any large collection of low/high resolution material pairs – which do not actually exist at the scale RGB upsamplers are trained with. As a result, MatUp provides fine and coherent details in the upscaled material maps, as shown in the extensive evaluation we provide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High‐resolution texture maps are essential to render photoreal digital humans for visual effects or to generate data for machine learning. The acquisition of high resolution assets at scale is cumbersome, it involves enrolling a large number of human subjects, using expensive multi‐view camera setups, and significant manual artistic effort to align the textures. To alleviate these problems, we introduce GANtlitz (A play on the german noun Antlitz, meaning face), a generative model that can synthesize multi‐modal ultra‐high‐resolution face appearance maps for novel identities. Our method solves three distinct challenges: 1) unavailability of a very large data corpus generally required for training generative models, 2) memory and computational limitations of training a GAN at ultra‐high resolutions, and 3) consistency of appearance features such as skin color, pores and wrinkles in high‐resolution textures across different modalities. We introduce dual‐style blocks, an extension to the style blocks of the StyleGAN2 architecture, which improve multi‐modal synthesis. Our patch‐based architecture is trained only on image patches obtained from a small set of face textures (<100) and yet allows us to generate seamless appearance maps of novel identities at 6k × 4k resolution. Extensive qualitative and quantitative evaluations and baseline comparisons show the efficacy of our proposed system. (see https://www.acm.org/publications/class-2012) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the popularity of 3D content like virtual tours, the challenges of 3D data registration have become increasingly significant. The registration of heterogeneous data obtained from 2D and 3D sensors is required to create photo-realistic 3D models. However, the alignment of 2D images with 3D models introduces a significant challenge due to their inherent differences. This article introduces a rigorous mathematical approach to align a 360° image with its corresponding 3D model generated from images with known camera poses followed by texture projection on the model. We use Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) feature descriptors enhanced with a homography-based metric to establish correspondences between the faces of a cubemap and the posed images. To achieve optimal alignment, we use a non-linear least squares optimization technique with a custom objective function. Subsequently, the outcomes of the alignment process are evaluated through texturing using a customized raytracing algorithm. The resulting projections are compared against the original textures, with a comprehensive assessment of the alignment's fidelity and precision.

The annual demand for fibres continues to rise worldwide. Consequently, more and more fibres must be produced to meet this demand, most of which are melt-spun polymeric man-made fibres. Smooth filaments made of polymers are mainly used for technical applications in industry. For use in clothing or home textiles, for example, a texturing process is used to give the filaments a crimp and thus a feel like that of natural fibres. In this state, they can be processed together with natural fibres and used in textiles. Partially oriented yarns (POY) are of great importance in texturing. The yarns are mainly crimped with the help of the so-called false-twist texturing process (FTTP). Since POY accounts for about 60% of the melt-spun filament yarn produced worldwide, the FTTP is the most important texturing process in the textile industry. In this paper, the main components of false-twist texturing (FTT) machines are explained, along with the state of the art and research for each component and its influence on the process. Relevant patents are discussed, as well as process optimisation techniques, innovative polymers, and yarn types recently used in FTT, followed by a conclusion and an outlook for the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyamide materials are widely used for medical device coating. However, despite the fragile area at the interface, these devices must conserve their physical and mechanical performance after the sterilization process. In this work, the impact of steam sterilization, widely used in the medical sector, on the adhesion properties of biocompatible and biosourced polyamide-11-coated copper substrates was assessed. The adhesion strength, a quantitative indicator of the coating performance, was assessed thanks to a laboratory-made bench test. The surface of metal substrates was microstructured with laser engraving to enhance the coating adhesion. The Ra roughness value was varied to verify if the depth of valleys induced with the femtosecond laser could favor the interfacial anchoring. Scanning electron microscopy analyses highlighted the physical surface evolution of the polymer analyzed at the interface, across the various texturing parameter values, Ra. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to monitor the bands specific to polyamide thermo-oxidative degradation. Elemental composition deduced from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy carried out on the coating after mechanical debonding clearly revealed that the chemical stability of the copper substrates was affected rather than the polyamide coating. Also, we discussed the impact of the chosen sterilization parameters (steam and pressure) on the formation of copper-based species detected with this technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pulse length for ultrashort pulse lasers is considered shorter than the thermal vibration period of the material lattice. The thermal diffusion depth is negligible when compared with the optical penetration depth because laser-matter interaction occurs only near the focal volume. Hence, ultrashort pulse lasers are indicated for micromachining. This study aims to evaluate straight and zig-zag texture patterns generated by ultrashort laser pulses on the rake face of uncoated cemented carbide tools during the turning of martensitic stainless steel. The tests were performed under dry and lubricated conditions. The output variables were machining force, cutting power, chip thickness ratio and aspects of workpiece quality (form tolerance and surface roughness). The textures presented micrometric dimensions with a narrow deviation. The main results showed that the straight texture pattern decreased the machining force by 17.5% when compared to the zig-zag pattern. For cutting power, the straight pattern reduced consumption by 5.8% and 6.9% in relation to the reference and zig-zag tools, respectively. Finally, under dry machining conditions, the straight tool was able to decrease the workpiece cylindricity deviation by an average of 108% and 25% compared to the reference and zig-zag tools. The results provide evidence that texturing can affect the tribological system, chip-tool interface, with a potential impact on the sustainability of the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with the effects of stabilising overfeed (SOF) on the physical properties and structure of draw-texturised polyester yarn. Partially oriented (POY) polyester filament yarn is taken as the starting material for the experiment which is undergone texturing treatment with the various levels of SOF percentage (4% to 14%) keeping other texturing parameters constant. Various characteristics and properties of the texturised yarn samples are measured and analysed to find out the effect of the SOF% on the physical properties and structural changes of the resultant yarns. Bulk and physical structure of all textured yarns are measured by taking optical microscopy images. Change in tensile properties are evaluated by using a universal tensile tester. Change in thermal behaviour of the texturized yarns is evaluated by using differential scanning calorimeter. Thermal degradation and stability of the yarns are measured by using a thermo-gravimetric analyser. Change in the crystallinity of the yarn samples is measured by a wide-angle X-ray diffraction instrument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The processes of strontium hexaferrite (permanent magnet material) fabrication in combustion reactions followed by heat treatment of organic nitrate precursors containing glycine or polyvinyl alcohol have been studied. The formation of iron-glycine complexes of organic precursor components affects the formation of the morphology of the obtained samples. When using glycine-containing systems during combustion, a branched fibrous texture of the material with extended internal cavities with elongated oxide particles emerges. Such samples have a higher coercivity; the external magnetic field has no significant influence on the texture formation during combustion. It was established that charges are generated in precursors during their combustion, which manifests itself in the appearance of a potential difference between the ground and the precursor. In this case, the appearance of lower intensity charges allows us to obtain samples with higher magnetization, as well as with a greater ability to increase the magnetic characteristics during further thermomagnetic processing.

This work investigates the impact of combining light trapping and radiative cooling on bifacial solar panels. While several techniques have been proposed to enhance the efficiency of solar panels, their combination can lead to suboptimal results. By numerically evaluating the light absorption and thermal balance of different panel configurations, we found that each side of the bifacial solar cell can be textured independently with a cross-effect of less than 4%. However, our results also indicate that improving visible light trapping can increase infrared absorption, leading to a heating effect that may offset the benefits of radiative cooling. These findings highlight the importance of balancing the factors that influence solar panel efficiency and provide quantitative insights that guide the development of more effective solar energy systems.

Over the past 20 years, in filament draw texturing, very few developments and innovations have been introduced into production machineries. The growing demand for energy efficiency, faster production rates and greater production flexibility have prompted our investigation into non-traditional approaches to improve yarn control during the texturing. Instead of aprons, small individually driven godets are a solution for high-speed manufacturing, yarn control and energy saving. The drawing godets, where the yarn can be considered an elastic coupling element between two consecutive godets, pose a new challenge for consistency in velocity control. Though some machinery manufacturers have introduced the godet system, the yarn quality produced by the godet system is not systematically evaluated and compared vis-à-vis the apron system. The current study prepared textured yarns in both apron and godet systems while maintaining the same texturing parameters. Differences in the yarn’s bulk, modulus, breaking elongation, tenacity and boiling water shrinkage were assessed and compared. Woven and knitted fabrics were prepared from textured yarns, and a comparative analysis of fabric properties was performed with respect to their tearing strength, air permeability, drape and dyeability. Better quality of yarn and fabrics can be prepared in the godet system, which is energy saving, of higher speed and requires low maintenance technology in comparison to the apron system.

In recent years, the growing demand for renewable energy sources has led to an increased interest for searching some ways to improve the factors affecting the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of solar cells. Silicon solar cells technology has reached a high level of development in relation to efficiency and stability. This study presents the effect of rapid thermal annealing (RTA) at different annealing temperatures and times on the characteristics of solar cells fabricated by Nd:YAG laser doping of p-type crystalline silicon wafer with phosphorus dopant to a depth of 3.7 µm and concentration of approximately 1020 cm−3. The conversion efficiency (η) was studied before and after rapid thermal annealing, which increased from 3.67 to 12.8% after RTA at 1073 K for 6 s. The large increase of the short-circuit current density (JSC) and open-circuit voltage (VOC) indicated an enhanced absorption coefficient, reduced lattice defects, and a redistribution of impurities, which improved the electrical activity of impurities. Furthermore, the results demonstrated increased minority carrier lifetime, diffusion length, and improved responsivity after rapid thermal annealing. Solar cells annealed at 1073 K for 6 s exhibited the best photovoltaic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on innovations in filament draw texturing machinery to improve energy efficiency, production rates, and flexibility. Topics include the use of individually driven godets instead of aprons for yarn control, energy savings, and high-speed manufacturing. The study compares textured yarns produced by godet and apron systems, finding that the godet system produces higher quality yarns and fabrics with better properties such as bulk, modulus, and breaking elongation.

This paper presents the results of research focused on increasing the lifespan of HPDC moulds for casting aluminium alloys by applying duplex PVD coatings in combination with laser texturing the base material before the coatings' deposition. This article describes the HPDC process and the degradation mechanisms of the moulds that arose during this process. The PVD nanostructured coatings utilised, the methods of their deposition, and the evaluation of their wear resistance are defined in this paper. The surface texturing process is described alongside the description of the analysis of the wear of the functional parts of the mould after decommissioning, which was carried out by visual inspection and optical and light microscopy. Three types of PVD duplex coatings were analysed during our study. The coatings were deposited using the LARC technology method (lateral rotating cathode). Subsequently, the procedure of laser texturing in the form of dimple textures using a laser was proposed. The quality of the coatings was evaluated under tribological conditions by means of the "Ball on disc" method. Based on the experimental results, recommendations for practice are established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laser surface texturing (LST) has emerged as a versatile and efficient technique for modifying surface properties across various materials. This paper provides an analysis of the characteristics and diverse applications of laser surface texturing. The paper begins by explaining the fundamental principles underlying LST, highlighting the mechanisms involved in material interaction and the resultant surface modifications. It explores the influence of laser parameters such as pulse duration, energy density, and wavelength on the texturing process, emphasizes their impact on surface morphology, roughness, and topographical features. Furthermore, this paper delves into the wideranging applications of LST across different industries and fields. It examines how LST enhances surface functionalities, including improvements in tribological properties, wettability, friction reduction, and biocompatibility. Additionally, the utilization of LST for creating microstructures enabling advanced functionalities in optics, electronics, biomedical devices, and energy harvesting systems is discussed. Moreover, the challenges and future directions in LST technology are highlighted, which encompass advances in precision, scalability, and integration of LST with other manufacturing processes. The potential environmental implications and economic feasibility of LST are also discussed. In summary, this paper examines the characteristics, applications, challenges, and future prospects of laser surface texturing, showcasing its significance as a promising technology for tailoring surface properties across diverse materials and industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we explore the potential of a blended material comprising CsPbI 3 : EuCl 3 perovskite and Gig-Lox TiO 2 , a unique transparent spongy material known for its multi-branched porous structure, for application in solar cells. The inclusion of EuCl 3 in CsPbI 3 serves to stabilize the photoactive γ -phase with a bandgap of 1.75 eV, making it suitable for solar energy conversion in tandem solar cells. Our study applies X-ray-based techniques to investigate the structural properties and interfacial behavior within this blended material, in comparison with a reference perovskite layer deposited on glass. In addition, Spectroscopic ellipsometry is complemented with density functional theory calculations and photoluminescence measurements to elucidate the absorption and radiative emission properties of the blend. Notably, our findings reveal a significant quenching of photoluminescence within the blended material, underscoring the pivotal role of the distributed interfaces in facilitating efficient carrier injection from the CsPbI 3 : EuCl 3 perovskite into the Gig-Lox TiO 2 sponge. These findings pave the way for the application of the blend as an Electron Transport Layer (ETL) in semi-transparent perovskite solar cells for tandem and building integrated photovoltaics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Machinability of Ti-6Al-4V, despite its numerous applications, is challenging owing to its poor thermal conductivity, severe chemical affinity and strain hardening characteristics. Although various coating techniques and expensive lubrication strategies have been tried, a significant improvement in tool life characteristics are yet to be achieved. Hence this work aims at suggesting a novel cost-effective and ecofriendly tool treatment technique by exploring the impact of a dual combination of an AlSi-10Mg coating developed by an emerging pre-conditioning technique with the incorporation of micro-textures on tool face to observe significant improvements in tool life and machinability characteristics of the alloy. It was analyzed from the results that while the micro-textures played a vital role in reducing the severe contact stress and machining temperature due to its improved heat transfer by convection, AlSi-10Mg film effectively shielded the cutting edges of the tool by providing a dampening effect along the edges, thereby ensuring improved tool life and enhanced machinability characteristics at the same time. The proposed tool combination was observed to be successful in significantly reducing the flank wear by 35%, 43% and 30% where 75, 253, and 371 µm were observed at 80, 100, and 120 m/min as compared to 117, 449, and 531 µm in the case of uncoated non-textured tool at the same operating conditions. Surface roughness of Ti-6Al-4V also reduced by 25%, 34%, and 37% where 1394, 1168, and 872 nm as compared to plain tool where 1840, 1770, and 1370 nm were recorded. Moreover, average chip curl diameter was observed to be 2.62, 3.36, and 6.49 mm as compared to chips generated by uncoated tools which recorded values of 4.33, 11.9, and 18.87 mm at 80, 100, and 120 m/min respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

高水分挤压组织化技术是目前生产具有类似动物肉的纤维结构和口感的组织化植物蛋白的主要加工技术。旨在为未来新型植物性肉类类似物的加工和产品设计提供理论参考，从原辅料（植物蛋白、添加剂）、挤压系统参数（水添加量、挤压温度、螺杆转速和喂料速度）、冷却模头三个方面阐述对植物蛋白高水分挤压过程中纤维结构形成的影响机制。蛋白质分子间相互作用力是组织化植物蛋白纤维结构形成的关键，而不同的植物蛋白原料其组织化结构所依赖的蛋白质分子间作用力不同。添加剂可以改变蛋白质等分子内或分子间的作用方式和程度，从而直接影响组织化植物蛋白成品纤维结构的形成。挤压参数主要通过影响蛋白质结构来影响产品质构特性。冷却模头有利于各向异性纤维结构的形成 High-moisture extrusion texturing technology is currently the main processing technology for producing textured vegetable protein with a fibrous structure and taste similar to animal meat. In order to provide a theoretical reference for the future processing and product design of new plant-based meat analogues, the mechanisms influencing the formation of fibrous structures during high-moisture extrusion of plant proteins were described from three aspects: raw and auxiliary materials (vegetable protein, additives), extrusion system parameters(moisture addition, extrusion temperature, screw speed and feeding speed) and cooling die head. Protein intermolecular interactions are key to the formation of textured vegetable protein fiber structures, and different vegetable protein depends on different protein intermolecular interactions for their textured structures. Additives can change the mode and degree of intra- or intermolecular interaction of proteins, thus directly influencing the formation of the fiber structure of the finished textured vegetable protein. Extrusion parameters affect the textural properties of the product mainly by influencing the protein structure. The cooling die head facilitates the formation of anisotropic fiber structures.

The purpose of this study is to create micro-texture on the surface of various mold materials by ultrasonic-assisted grinding. The effects of materials properties (hardness and fracture toughness) on micro-periodic structure were investigated by performing ultrasonic-assisted grinding, in which ultrasonic vibration is assisted in the axial direction of the grinding wheel in surface plunge grinding. The results showed that periodic structures can be formed without plastic flow on the surface after machining only in the case of cemented carbide with high hardness and low toughness. Furthermore, by modeling the abrasive grain shape and arrangement of the general purpose diamond grinding wheel without special treatment used in the experiments, we attempted to simulate the grinding groove shape formed by a multi-grain grinding wheel when ultrasonic vibration is assisted. The periodic structure formed on the cemented carbide surface was compared with the simulation results, which were in good agreement in terms of the period of the sinusoidal wave and the width of the grinding groove, confirming the validity of this simulation method. From the above, basic knowledge about the machining mechanism of grinding groove in ultrasonic-assisted grinding was obtained.

Herein, a new way of the surface modification of Ti6Al7Nb alloy in fluorine plasma is presented using the mask made of stainless steel and its influence on the selected properties, including chemical composition, topography, and tribological ones. Depending on the etching process parameters, different characteristics of the surfaces are obtained. The higher is the value of the negative bias, the less fluorine concentration on the etched surface and higher etching rates. Etching using the SF6 gas shows bigger etching rates in comparison to the etching using the CF4 gas. Chemical composition of the modified surfaces shows greater impact on tribological characteristics than topography parameters. The lowest wear rate is observed for the sample modified using the CF4 gas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to simultaneously enhance the bending strength and fracture toughness of alumina, this research incorporated different amounts of alumina platelets into the ceramic slurry. Based on the shear force generated by the slurry flow during platform positioning, the platelets in the slurry were aligned. The green bodies were then sintered to prepare textured alumina. The results showed that the addition of 5 vol% alumina platelets in the slurry yielded the highest mechanical performance for the textured alumina. When the load was perpendicular to the printing direction, the bending strength and fracture toughness were measured to be 272 MPa and 4.41 MPam1/2, respectively, demonstrating an increase of 132 MPa and 1.25 MPam1/2 compared to non-textured alumina ceramics. Similarly, When the load was parallel to the printing direction, the bending strength and fracture toughness were 318 MPa and 3.4 MPam1/2, respectively, displaying improvements of 149 MPa and 0.65 MPam1/2 compared to non-textured alumina ceramics. The combination of ceramic mask stereolithography additive manufacturing technology and ceramic texturing techniques in alumina fabrication not only shortened the preparation cycle but also improved the bending strength and fracture toughness of alumina, thus expanding their potential applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Investigations of methods for texturing the light-emitting surface of IR light-emitting diodes (LEDs) (wavelength 850 nm) based on AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures with Bragg reflectors have been carried out. Developed were methods of liquid and plasma-chemical etching of solid solution for creating peaks (pyramids) of different form, 0.2–1.5 μm height. Estimation of the effect of texturing methods and also configuration of peaks on the light-emitting diode electroluminescence intensity has been performed. The increase of the electroluminescence intensity by 25% has been achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research explores the enhanced slurry erosion behaviour of a composite coating comprising Titanium Carbide (TiC) deposited via High Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF) spraying process. The study integrates laser texturing and Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) spraying techniques to improve the coating’s performance. TiC coating is applied to SS316 substrates using HVOF, followed by laser surface texturing to create micro-scale circular patterns. A thin layer of PTFE is then sprayed onto the textured surface, enhancing static contact angle and anti-adhesive properties. Slurry erosion tests reveal significant improvements in the coating’s resistance. The findings offer promising applications in slurry erosion-prone industries. Further investigations aim to study the erosive mechanism of the different samples and evaluate their long-term performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing a textured CrAlSiN plus carbon nanocomposite coating to improve the wear resistance of sports equipment. Silicon wafers and stainless steel substrates are textured by photolithography and wet chemical etching・ CrAlSiN plus carbon nanocomposite coating was deposited by plasma enhanced physical vapor deposition(PEPVD) system・ Result showed that the texture nanocomposite coating exhibits high hardness, low friction coefficient, and decreases the wear rate and deposition wear, thus significantly improving the wear resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface modification of metallic alloys can create hydrophilic or hydrophobic surfaces that enhance the functional performance of the material. For example, hydrophilic surfaces have improved wettability, which improves mechanical anchorage in adhesive bonding operations. This wettability is directly related to the type of texture created on the surface and the roughness obtained after the surface modification process. This paper presents the use of abrasive water jetting as an optimal technology for the surface modification of metal alloys. A correct combination of high traverse speeds at low hydraulic pressures minimises the power of the water jet and allows for the removal of small layers of material. The erosive nature of the material removal mechanism creates a high surface roughness, which increases its surface activation. In this way, the influence of texturing with and without abrasive has been evaluated, reaching combinations where the absence of abrasive particles can produce surfaces of interest. In the results obtained, the influence of the most relevant texturing parameters between hydraulic pressure, traverse speed, abrasive flow and spacing has been determined. This has allowed a relationship to be established between these variables and surface quality in terms of Sa, Sz and Sk, as well as wettability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By‐example aperiodic tilings are popular texture synthesis techniques that allow a fast, on‐the‐fly generation of unbounded and non‐periodic textures with an appearance matching an arbitrary input sample called the "exemplar". But by relying on uniform random sampling, these algorithms fail to preserve the autocovariance function, resulting in correlations that do not match the ones in the exemplar. The output can then be perceived as excessively random. In this work, we present a new method which can well preserve the autocovariance function of the exemplar. It consists in fetching contents with an importance sampler taking the explicit autocovariance function as the probability density function (pdf) of the sampler. Our method can be controlled for increasing or decreasing the randomness aspect of the texture. Besides significantly improving synthesis quality for classes of textures characterized by pronounced autocovariance functions, we moreover propose a real‐time tiling and blending scheme that permits the generation of high‐quality textures faster than former algorithms with minimal downsides by reducing the number of texture fetches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, it has been shown that the quality of GPU‐based trilinear volume resampling can be significantly improved if the six additional trilinear samples evaluated for the gradient estimation also contribute to the reconstruction of the underlying function [Csé19]. Although this improvement increases the approximation order from two to three without any extra cost, the continuity order remains C0. In this paper, we go one step further showing that a C1 continuous triquadratic B‐spline reconstruction and its analytic partial derivatives can be evaluated by taking only one more trilinear sample into account. Thus, our method is the first volume‐resampling technique that is nearly as fast as trilinear interpolation combined with on‐the‐fly central differencing, but provides a higher‐quality reconstruction together with a consistent analytic gradient calculation. Furthermore, we show that our fast evaluation scheme can also be adapted to the Mitchell‐Netravali [MN88] notch filter, for which a fast GPU implementation has not been known so far. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nickel cladding is used at the tip of helicopter composite rotor to protect the wing. The connection performance between nickel surface and composite material is poor, and the use in some high-speed occasions is limited. In this paper, insulating ink spraying and laser ablation are carried out on the cathode surface to construct microstructure, and then nickel is electroformed on its surface to obtain a nickel sheet with a textured inner surface, and then CFRP/Ni joints are made with the nickel sheet. Compared with the nickel sheet without inner surface texturing treatment, the bonding strength of the joint is improved by 162. 4%. It has been proved that the bonding strength of the nickel sheet prepared by copying the microstructure morphology on the cathode is greatly improved compared with the nickel sheet without any surface treatment. In addition, it was found that the bonding strength was related to the interlocking area of microstructure and adhesive by observing the damaged CFRP/Ni joint surface. The bonding strength can be improved to some extent by increasing the proportion of interlocking area between microstructure and adhesive bonding on unit area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 1.0 mol% CuO-added 0.14Pb(Mn1/3Nb2/3)O 3 -0.86Pb(Zr 0.55 Ti 0.45)O 3 (CPMnN-PZT) piezoceramics were synthesized at low temperatures (≤ 950 °C) by the columbite method to remove the pyrochlore phase. It exhibited a high Q m of 3016 and a high T C of 309 °C. However, it showed small d 33 and k p values of 143 pC/N and 0.43, respectively. The CPMnN-PZT piezoceramic was textured along the [001] direction using BaTiO 3 (BT) templates to enhance its soft piezoelectric properties. The [001]-textured CPMnN-PZT + y vol% BT piezoceramics (1.0 ≤ y ≤ 5.0) were densified at a low temperature of 950 °C with a high Lotgering factor (≥ 92%). The textured sample (y = 1.0) showed a high Q m of 1400 with increased d 33 and k p values of 278 pC/N and 0.58, respectively, and its piezoelectricity showed excellent temperature stability up to 225 °C. Therefore, the textured CPMnN-PZT sample can be used for developing high-power piezoelectric devices. • PMnN-PZT thick films were textured along the < 001 > direction using BT templates. • [001]-textured PMnN-PZT thick films were sintered at 950 °C using CuO additive. • Textured PMnN-PZT thick film showed large Q m (1400), d 33 (280 pC/N) and k p (0.58). • Textured PMnN-PZT thick film maintained piezoelectric properties up to 225 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon fibre-reinforced polymers (CFRP), thanks to their properties such as lightness, resistance to corrosion and fatigue, are emerging composite materials in the aeronautic fields, guaranteeing to reduce weight and costs by maintaining high performances in terms of strength and security. For preventing fluid damage and freezing, in aeronautic applications, CFRP parts need to be coated by painting. However, the paint/coating adhesion on CFRP composites is generally poor and affected by surface conditions. In this work, femtosecond laser texturing was investigated as an approach to improve adhesion of superhydrophobic coatings (SHC) to CFRP substrates. The laser textured surfaces show, after coating, a more lasting superhydrophobic behaviour compared to the as received sample, even after several cleaning cycles, demonstrating that the laser pre-treatment is a reliable and green method to enhance the adhesion of the SHC to the composite substrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The annual demand for fibres continues to rise worldwide. Consequently, more and more fibres must be produced to meet this demand, most of which are melt-spun polymeric man-made fibres. Smooth filaments made of polymers are mainly used for technical applications in industry. For use in clothing or home textiles, for example, a texturing process is used to give the filaments a crimp and thus a feel like that of natural fibres. In this state, they can be processed together with natural fibres and used in textiles. Partially oriented yarns (POY) are of great importance in texturing. The yarns are mainly crimped with the help of the so-called false-twist texturing process (FTTP). Since POY accounts for about 60% of the melt-spun filament yarn produced worldwide, the FTTP is the most important texturing process in the textile industry. In this paper, the main components of false-twist texturing (FTT) machines are explained, along with the state of the art and research for each component and its influence on the process. Relevant patents are discussed, as well as process optimisation techniques, innovative polymers, and yarn types recently used in FTT, followed by a conclusion and an outlook for the process.