Search

The seamless integration of emerging directional liquid transport (DLT) technology with traditional textile materials has ushered in the next‐generation multifunctional textiles, i.e., DLT textiles, which will play a vital role in areas such as wearable smart materials and ecological environmental protection. To further promote the combination of DLT technology and textile technology, a concise overview of the research progress in DLT textiles, including the basic transport mechanisms, various preparation strategies and diversified applications of DLT textiles is provided. In this review, the theoretical mechanisms of directional transport from the perspective of wetting and wicking is discussed. Besides, the preparation strategies of DLT textiles, and categorized them into three categories is summarized: fiber‐based DLT textiles, fabric‐based DLT textiles, and fiber/fabric hybrid‐based textiles. Subsequently, the current and potential applications of DLT textiles are classified and discussed, mainly focusing on functional clothing, oil‐water separation, fog collection, distillation, sensors, biomedicine, and so on. Finally, the challenges and prospects of DLT textile research to enhance the functionality and application performance is outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid growth of textile industry and fast-fashion has led to the production of about 92 million ton of textile waste per year. Nearly 85% of textile waste is disposed of by landfill and incineration, causing serious environmental pollution and huge resource waste, calling for alternative textile production. Here we review the green production of textiles with focus on additive manufacturing, 3- and 4-dimension printing, recycling textile waste, and synthetic and natural fibers. Additive manufacturing technologies, particularly 4-dimension printing, is flexible, green, and allows on-demand manufacturing, which is one solution to the textile waste problem. 4-Dimension printing contributes to the development of intelligent materials, and can create structures that deform in response to external stimuli. Textile waste contains high-quality, low-cost materials that can be re-used and recycled. Applications include smart textiles, flexible electronics, soft robotics, human–computer interaction, and wearable devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research arose from the need to understand the principles of structural design with textile materials in tensile structures, increasingly used in roofs and enclosures due to their lightness and capacity to cover large spaces. The project sought to determine the key aspects for selecting the appropriate material, considering external and internal conditions. Bibliographic information was used to generate new techniques and materials in order to have a positive impact on the construction industry. The characteristics and properties of textile materials were identified, evaluating their resistance and durability under diverse climatic and environmental conditions. The methodology included identification of structure requirements, evaluation of available materials, strength testing and proper installation of the selected materials. The research helped professionals address challenges and limitations in the use of textile materials in tensile structures, ensuring efficiency, durability and safety. The right combination of textile materials and structures contributed to an efficient and sustainable construction, with technical and aesthetic benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the optimal conditions for synthesizing a new flame retardant based on pentaerythritol, phosphoric acid, and magnesium hydroxide are studied. In this case, the molar ratio of the initial substances was 3.64:1, and the synthesis duration was four hours. After the completion of this process, different (1, 3, and 5%) solutions of magnesium hydroxide were added at a temperature of 90 ºC for 3 hours. The yield of this reaction was 85%. Applying this obtained flame retardant to textile materials increases the fire resistance of textile materials. The composition of synthesized antiperine and antiperine applied textile fabrics was studied by IR spectrum, and the thermal decomposition of antiperine applied fabric was investigated by TGA and DTA analysis, and 100 μm sections of flame retardant treated fabrics were measured by scanning electron microscope. The fire resistance and physical mechanical properties of these materials were studied based on the requirements of GOST 50810-95. The oxygen index of the fabric treated with synthesized flame retardant was 35.6%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work discusses the voltage difference as a measure for electrostatic charge generated from the contact‐separation and sliding of polymeric textiles on polyamide textile. It is proposed to blend polyester by carbon fiber to decrease the electrostatic charge generated on the contact surfaces. Because polyester acquires a negative charge and polyamide gains a positive one, carbon fiber is proposed to conduct the negative electrostatic charge from polyester to polyamide and conducts the positive one from polyamide to polyester, so that the resultant electrostatic charge decreased. The effect of carbon fiber to decrease the electrostatic charge depends on its area of contact, interaction, and distribution with polyester. Polyester double weaved by carbon fiber showed the lowest voltage. Based on those observations, it can be recommended to use double weaves of carbon fiber with polyester. The reduction in voltage was relatively lower for braided polyester by carbon fiber than that detected for double‐weaved polyester by carbon fiber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Fiber Inspection is the property of China Fiber Inspection and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Basic Sciences Journal of Textile Universities / Fangzhi Gaoxiao Jichu Kexue Xuebao is the property of Basic Sciences Journal of Textile Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Textile materials especially clothing in close contact with the skin provide a foundation for the transfer of microorganisms from human skin to textiles. Similarly external microorganisms can also transfer to the skin surface by adhering to the textile materials causing skin inflammation infection or allergic reactions. Additionally the growth of microorganisms on textiles can damage the fiber structure or dyes resulting in a decline in strength color fastness or appearance quality. Microorganisms can also decompose sweat oils or other organic substances on textiles leading to unpleasant odors. Therefore antimicrobial textiles have garnered significant attention. Photosensitive antimicrobial agents due to their low biological toxicity do not induce microbial resistance during the antimicrobial process. They can effectively deactivate pathogenic microorganisms and serve as an alternative method to antibiotic chemical therapy with applications in the field of antimicrobial materials. Currently photosensitive antimicrobial agents encompass a variety of compounds mainly including porphyrins heterocyclic anthraquinones thiophene derivatives natural photosensitizers inorganic nano-photosensitive antimicrobials etc. These agents interact with bacteria absorb energy from sunlight and ultraviolet light and subsequently react with oxygen to generate reactive oxygen species that cause oxidative damage to pathogenic microorganisms eliminating bacteria and fungi effectively. Specifically porphyrin-based photosensitizers can generate reactive oxygen species by selectively absorbing specific wavelengths of light thereby killing bacteria and fungi. Bengal rose an anthraquinone-based photosensitive antibacterial agent exhibits excellent biocompatibility. When used as a dye it significantly stains bacterial cells protozoa and tissues. Thiophene derivatives can produce additional intermediate products such as singlet oxygen under specific wavelength of light. Importantly they exhibit minimal toxicity to human normal cells. Photosensitive antimicrobials extracted from plants fungi and bacteria exhibit strong absorption under visible light and exhibit promising photodynamic effects. Inorganic nano-photosensitive antimicrobial agents can activate nanometer materials by light and exhibit antibacterial effects. Their unique electronic physical and morphological properties as well as the arrangement of core-shell hybrid structures offer multifunctionality for antimicrobial applications. The incorporation of these photosensitive antimicrobial agents into fiber or textile materials serves multiple purposes. It not only eradicates bacteria and fungi reduces odors and stains but also effectively prevents the growth of these microorganisms thereby maintaining the cleanliness and hygiene of textiles. Currently the application of photosensitive antibacterial agents on textile materials mainly involves coating method chemical grafting electrostatic adsorption spinning method and so on. Although the coating method is a convenient and quick finishing method textiles treated with coatings exhibit some photosensitive antimicrobial effects the stability is often limited and coatings may age or peel off over time. In order to further enhance the durability of photosensitive antibacterial textile materials chemical grafting is used to covalently bond photosensitizer molecules to textile materials' surface improving the photosensitive antibacterial stability and durability. Electrostatic adsorption involves the electrostatic interaction between charged fibers and ion-type photosensitizers which provides an alternative approach to adsorb photosensitizer molecules onto textile surfaces. Additionally by adding photosensitive antibacterial agents into spinning solutions a special form of electrospinning using polymer fluid can produce fiber materials with photodynamic antibacterial properties. This straightforward technique effectively generates micro / nano-fiber structures thereby increasing surface area and light absorption capacity. At present the application of these photosensitive antimicrobial agents to textile materials still has some limitations. For instance when bacteria viruses and other microorganisms adhere to the textile materials' surface their remnants may persist even after their being killed by photosensitive antimicrobial agents which can affect both the appearance and odor. Research focused on effective removal methods for these microbial remnants is essential. Furthermore investigation is necessary to enhance the durability stability and antimicrobial efficacy of photosensitive antimicrobial textiles particularly after repeated washing. There are numerous effective and high-performance of photosensitive antibacterial agents. Their bactericidal effects are significant and the microbial strains do not develop resistance to them. However further exploration is needed regarding antimicrobial performance biological safety and stability. When the photosensitive antibacterial agents are loaded onto textile materials to achieve high efficiency antibacterial properties the problem of microbial remains on the fabric surface after killing should be carefully considered. Striking a balance between sterilization and decontamination to create a clean textile surface is a key focus in the antimicrobial textiles research. By combining materials with different antimicrobial mechanisms intelligent surfaces which are capable of attracting binding and eliminating various pathogens can be created. This innovation surpasses traditional antimicrobial textiles and expands the application field of photosensitive antimicrobial textiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we develop a new model for the simulation of the mechanical behavior of rayon twisted yarns, at macroscopic level. A yarn with its continuous filaments is represented by an equivalent three-dimensional solid of cylindrical shape, discretized by finite elements, with properly defined local anisotropic material properties. The new constitutive model, inspired by experimental results on rayon untwisted yarns, is formulated in the framework of the thermodynamics of irreversible processes and includes visco-elastic and visco-plastic dissipation mechanisms. The effect of twist is taken into account by including the direction of the fibers in the free energy definition. The overall model is validated comparing numerical and experimental results on twisted rayon yarns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In small German farms, there is a technically usable potential of cattle manure and pig manure ranging from 153 to 187 million tons of fresh matter per year. Since 2021 and 2023, new incentives under the Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) have been promoting biogas production in small farms. These incentives, applicable to biogas plants up to 150 kWel, include direct compensations for plants up to 100 kWel and market premiums for those up to 150 kWel. A small biogas plant made of textile materials was designed for both pilot and full-scale applications. Compared to conventional concrete biogas reactors, these textile-based reactors offer a simplified construction and operation, eliminating the need for specialized civil engineering. The primary objective of this research is to demonstrate the process engineering feasibility of biogas reactors based on textile materials for small farm biogas plants (30 to 75 kWel). Another goal is to design the construction method in such a way that this type of system can be built by farmers themselves after type testing on site. Operational insights were gathered from the laboratory plant with a 300-L digester volume, using cattle manure and clover grass silage. To adapt the system to the biogas reactor made of textile materials, the reactor was designed without a stirrer. These insights were considered in the design and approval procedure of the full-sized demonstration biogas plant made of textile materials. The full-size demonstration plant digesters underwent an approval procedure from local authorities, featuring treatment volumes of 120 m3 for the main biogas reactor and 550 m3 for the digestate reactor in an earth basin style. This new type of biogas plant could be built in small farms for self-sufficiency in electrical and thermal energy or for treating sewage sludge in small-scale communal wastewater treatment and biogas plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Almaty Technological University is the property of Almaty Technological University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Poly(lactic acid) has great potential in sectors where degradability is an important advantage due to its polymer nature. The medical, pharmaceutical, and packaging industries have shown interest in using PLA. To overcome the limitations of stiffness and brittleness in the polymer, researchers have conducted numerous modifications to develop fibers with improved properties. One such modification involves using plasticizing modifiers that can provide additional and desired properties. The scientific reports indicate that low-molecular-weight esters (LME) (triethyl citrate and bis (2-ethylhexyl) adipate) affect the plasticization of PLA. However, the research is limited to flat structures, such as films, casts, and extruded shapes. A study was conducted to investigate the impact of esters on the process of forming, the properties, and the morphology of fibers formed through the melt-spinning method. It was found that the modified PLA required different spinning and drawing conditions compared to the unmodified polymer. DSC, FTIR, WAXD, and GPC/SEC analyses were performed for the modified fibers. Mechanical tests and morphology evaluations using SEM microscopy were also conducted. The applied plasticizers lowered the temperature of the spinning process by 40 °C, and allowed us to obtain a higher degree of crystallinity and a better tenacity at a lower draw ratio. GPC/SEC analysis confirmed that the polymer–plasticizer interaction is physical because the booth plasticizer peaks were separated in the chromatographic columns. The use of LME in fibers significantly reduces the temperature of the spinning process, which reduces production costs. Additives significantly change the production process and the structure of the fiber depending on their rate, which may affect the properties, e.g., the rate of degradation. We can master the degree of crystallinity through the variable amount of LME. The degree of crystallization of the polymers has a significant influence on polymer application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global increase in population, the phenomenon of climate change, the issue of water pollution and contamination, and the inadequate management of water resources all exert heightened strain on freshwater reserves. The potential utilization of the interfacial solar steam generation (ISSG) system, which utilizes photothermal conversion to generate heat on material surfaces for wastewater purification and desalination purposes, has been successfully demonstrated. Textile-material-based ISSG devices, including (woven, nonwoven, and knitted) fabrics and electrospinning membranes, exhibit distinct properties such as a rough surface texture, high porosity, significant surface area, exceptional flexibility, and robust mechanical strength. These characteristics, combined with their affordability, accessibility, and economic viability for widespread implementation, make them extremely attractive for applications in SSG. In this review, a comprehensive analysis of the emerging concepts, advancements, and applications of textile materials, such as woven, nonwoven, and knitted fabrics and electrospun membranes, in ISSG for wastewater purification and desalination is presented. We also emphasize significant obstacles and potential prospects in both theoretical investigations and real-world implementations, aiming to contribute to future advancements in the domain of textile-material-based interfacial evaporation in wastewater purification and desalination. Furthermore, the drawbacks and the challenges of ISSG systems are also highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polymer Materials Science & Engineering is the property of Sichuan University, Polymer Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Textile materials are widely used in various fields of industry and life. Modification of the properties of textiles can lead to an expansion of the possibilities of using a particular material. In this work, the cotton fabric was modified in inductively coupled plasma in an octafluorocyclobutane gas C4F8 environment. It turned out that such treatment leads to hydrophobization of the cotton fabric surface through the formation of a Teflon-like film. The composition of the film was determined using FTIR and XPS analyses. Processing at powers from 750 to 1250 W for 10 min results in discoloration and destruction of the material, which is observed visually. SEM images are shown local etching of the fibers. A shorter treatment from 0.5 to 3 min at a power of 1250 W does not lead to such consequences. The dependences of hygroscopic properties such as water absorption, capillary absorption, moisture content and contact angle on RF power applied to the gas discharge and process time are determined. The maximum obtained the contact angle is 120°–123°. The thicknesses of the resulting films range from 45 to 1032 nm. Water absorption, capillary absorption and moisture content of the cotton fabric after processing reach their minimum values and practically do not change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Virtual reality (VR) is transforming education by enhancing the teaching and learning experiences. This study addresses the application of VR and focuses on understanding textile structures using a semester project as an example. VR immerses learners in 3D environments, going beyond traditional microscopy. In this project, textiles and partial textiles from vintage cars from the 1950s were converted from 2D microscope data into virtual reality, bringing together students of communication design, apparel technology, conservation, and excavation. Advanced digital microscopy was used to examine textile surfaces, transform the results into dynamic 3D data, and visualize textiles. This interdisciplinary collaboration promoted knowledge exchange, innovative teaching methods, and transformative thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is dedicated to the development of a powder formulation for the decontamination of textile materials. The degassing effect is achieved due to the capillary effect, created by the nanoparticles, included in the above mentioned formulation, that penetrate into the pores of the fibres of the textile material. The degassing formulation contains (weight) А12О3 12 % и SiO2 88 %, with polydisperse microparticles 85 % (weight) and nanoparticles 15 % (weight). The necessary completeness of the decontamination is achieved after the removal of more than (30±7) % of the liquid phase of toxic chemicals. This result may be achieved after the use of powder formulations with particles with an average size of less than 50 µm. The elaborated powder formulation allows to remove more than 80 % of the liquid phase of toxic chemical, that provides the necessary completeness of the decontamination of military equipage.

The field of flexible electronics is undergoing an exponential evolution due to the demand of the industry for wearable devices, wireless communication devices and networks, healthcare sensing devices and the technology around the Internet of Things (IoT) framework. E-tex tiles are attracting attention from within the healthcare areas, amongst others, for providing the possibility of developing continuous patient monitoring solutions and customized devices to accommodate each patient's specific needs. This review paper summarizes multiple approaches investigated in the literature for wearable/flexible resonators working as antenna-based systems, sensors and filters with special attention paid to the integration to flexible materials, especially textiles. This review manuscript provides a general overview of the flexible resonators' advantages and drawbacks, materials, fabrication techniques and processes and applications. Finally, the main challenges and future prospects of wearable resonators are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of infrared detection and tracking technology, the combat concealment and viability of various military targets are seriously threatened, and the demand for military infrared camouflage is increasingly urgent. Individual combatants, as small moving targets, have the characteristics of small size, strong mobility, complex and changeable background, etc. Their infrared camouflage is more flexible and accurate than the equipment and engineering camouflage. The infrared camouflage textile material is soft and portable, which is the main embodiment of the infrared camouflage technology for individual soldiers. It can be used for infrared camouflage clothing, military tents, sleeping bags, and other equipment. Its research and development have been highly valued by many countries. In this article, details of the working principle, preparation methods, and recent research progress of flexible infrared camouflage textile materials are summarized. First of all, from the military application of infrared technology and the principle of infrared camouflage, the development status of infrared camouflage textile materials is summarized, and the research results of near-infrared and thermal infrared camouflage textile materials are introduced. Secondly, the camouflage conditions and research directions of new multi-band recombination and adaptive infrared camouflage textile materials are discussed. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of the future development of infrared camouflage textile materials, especially adaptive infrared camouflage textile materials, are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chemical Industry / Hemijska Industrija is the property of Association of Chemical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The ecological transition requires the transformation of consumers' practices. However, for this transformation to occur, consumers must first be aware of the impacts of their practices. This article aims to understand how such awareness is achieved, through the study of textile materials in clothing. The analysis of 21 interviews conducted twice reveals the stages of the awareness process of textile materials. Reflection (moving from lived experience to representations) and then disadaptation (events creating a discrepancy between reality and representations) lead to conceptualization, from which the ethical issues involved gradually emerge. The first level of awareness concerns the impacts of textile materials on the durability of clothing. The second level concerns their impacts on the living world. These results, which fall within the scope of Transformative Consumer Research, provide guidelines to support changes in consumers' practices toward a more ethical consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poly(lactic acid) has great potential in sectors where degradability is an important advantage due to its polymer nature. The medical, pharmaceutical, and packaging industries have shown interest in using PLA. To overcome the limitations of stiffness and brittleness in the polymer, researchers have conducted numerous modifications to develop fibers with improved properties. One such modification involves using plasticizing modifiers that can provide additional and desired properties. The scientific reports indicate that low-molecular-weight esters (LME) (triethyl citrate and bis (2-ethylhexyl) adipate) affect the plasticization of PLA. However, the research is limited to flat structures, such as films, casts, and extruded shapes. A study was conducted to investigate the impact of esters on the process of forming, the properties, and the morphology of fibers formed through the melt-spinning method. It was found that the modified PLA required different spinning and drawing conditions compared to the unmodified polymer. DSC, FTIR, WAXD, and GPC/SEC analyses were performed for the modified fibers. Mechanical tests and morphology evaluations using SEM microscopy were also conducted. The applied plasticizers lowered the temperature of the spinning process by 40 °C, and allowed us to obtain a higher degree of crystallinity and a better tenacity at a lower draw ratio. GPC/SEC analysis confirmed that the polymer–plasticizer interaction is physical because the booth plasticizer peaks were separated in the chromatographic columns. The use of LME in fibers significantly reduces the temperature of the spinning process, which reduces production costs. Additives significantly change the production process and the structure of the fiber depending on their rate, which may affect the properties, e.g., the rate of degradation. We can master the degree of crystallinity through the variable amount of LME. The degree of crystallization of the polymers has a significant influence on polymer application.

The global increase in population, the phenomenon of climate change, the issue of water pollution and contamination, and the inadequate management of water resources all exert heightened strain on freshwater reserves. The potential utilization of the interfacial solar steam generation (ISSG) system, which utilizes photothermal conversion to generate heat on material surfaces for wastewater purification and desalination purposes, has been successfully demonstrated. Textile-material-based ISSG devices, including (woven, nonwoven, and knitted) fabrics and electrospinning membranes, exhibit distinct properties such as a rough surface texture, high porosity, significant surface area, exceptional flexibility, and robust mechanical strength. These characteristics, combined with their affordability, accessibility, and economic viability for widespread implementation, make them extremely attractive for applications in SSG. In this review, a comprehensive analysis of the emerging concepts, advancements, and applications of textile materials, such as woven, nonwoven, and knitted fabrics and electrospun membranes, in ISSG for wastewater purification and desalination is presented. We also emphasize significant obstacles and potential prospects in both theoretical investigations and real-world implementations, aiming to contribute to future advancements in the domain of textile-material-based interfacial evaporation in wastewater purification and desalination. Furthermore, the drawbacks and the challenges of ISSG systems are also highlighted.

The article presents the next stage of experimental studies applying images to textile materials. The method of calculating the cost of manufacturing thermal transfer according to the proposed technologies, which were obtained as a result of the practical activity of the authors of the article in production conditions, was tested. The operational, and functional properties of thermal transfers have been studied. Durability of printed fabrics to rubbing and washing has been established. The images were applied to synthetic and natural fabrics. The methods of printing were as follows: DTF printing, offset and screen printing. The application of the results of this study will allow to carry out a qualitative and effective assessment of methods of printing images on textile materials depending on the production conditions for each type of product. A practical test of the proposed method of printing images on the products of the author's collection of women's clothing was carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fibrous polymer composites belong to an important class of modern materials, which are certainly different from traditional materials in terms of their quality characteristics. In particular, with different combinations of constituent components, it is possible to obtain materials of various functional purposes with desired properties. According to structural indicators, the textile materials are divided into 4 levels, which describe the only fiber material in which the fibers/threads are bonded by frictional forces. But there are textile materials produced by nontraditional technologies - materials produced by using non-twisted yarns. They are micro composites. We offer following formulation of the 4th level of textile structures - The 4th group fiber material is a fiber material in which the fibers/threads are bonded by frictional or adhesive forces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interest in microalgae biofilm-based systems has been increasing lately due to their high potential for biomass production. However, more studies focusing on the first stages of this bioprocess, such as support selection and inoculum properties, which may finally affect biomass productivity, are required. The aim of this study was therefore to assess the impact of support nature and inoculum properties on microalgae biofilm productivity and physiology. Results suggest that physico-chemical properties of the support (micro-texture, hydrophobicity and chemical functional groups) affect the attachment of Chlorella vulgaris. Significant differences in cell-distribution pattern and biofilm structure on polyamide-based (Terrazzo) and cotton-based fabrics were observed. Compared to Cotton, cells grown on Terrazzo showed higher biomass productivity (3.20-fold), photosynthetic capacity (1.32-fold) and carbohydrate pool (1.36-fold), which may be explained by differences in light availability due to support micro-texture. A high inoculum density resulted in a lower biofilm growth, likely due to a lower light/nutrient availability for the cells. Furthermore, when immobilized on fabrics, cells pre-acclimated to 350 μmol photons m−2 s−1 grew faster than those pre-acclimated to low light (50 μmol photons m−2 s−1), demonstrating the influence of light-history of the inoculum cells on biofilm productivity. Therefore, this work confirmed the importance of support and inoculum properties for biofilm-based systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water pollution caused by oil spills at sea and industrial and daily wastewater discharges are causing serious damage to the ecological environment, not only in terms of economic losses but also in terms of human health and survival, a problem that needs to be addressed urgently. Oil/water separation is a global challenge, and while these problems are frequent, various oil/water separation strategies have been extensively investigated in recent years. The efficiency of the materials prepared is a key factor, as are the environmental friendliness and low cost of the methods and raw materials used in the experiments. This work reviews methods and materials applied in oil/water separation in recent years, including natural textile materials, metal meshes, synthetic membranes, particulate adsorbent materials, foams, sponges, aerogels, smart controllable special wettable separation materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of extensive yearly screening (2014–2020) of ortho-phthalate ester levels in textiles sent to a quality control laboratory by textile companies from southern European and northern African countries are presented. Six different regulated phthalates: benzyl butyl phthalate, di-butyl phthalate, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, di-iso-decyl phthalate, di-iso-nonyl phthalate and di-n-octyl phthalate, were measured in 4729 samples of textile materials from 10 different groups. Analyses were carried out according to the standard gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy procedure, as described by the US Consumer Product Safety Commission. The results revealed a high level of compliance with the European Union legislation (97.25%). In the group of noncompliant samples (total phthalate content >0.1% w/w), positive results were due to the presence of two or more phthalates in almost 60% of the cases. The phthalate esters most commonly detected were di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, followed by di-iso-nonyl phthalate and di-butyl phthalate. In the group of compliant samples (total phthalate <0.1% w/w), the same frequency of occurrence was identified, but in this case most of the samples (almost 90%) contained only one phthalate. In addition, a growing tendency for a decrease in di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate levels and an increase in di-iso-nonyl phthalate and di-iso-decyl phthalate concentrations were detected throughout the study, due to replacement of the former by the latter in the use as a plasticizer. No significant differences between countries were noted with regard to the frequency or concentration of phthalates in the textile samples. The study findings contribute to advancing knowledge about the phthalate content of textiles and to evaluating and controlling the potential risks of exposure to these compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tactile sensors are an important research direction in the field of smart wearable devices and humancomputer interaction which has attracted extensive attention. Tactile sensors of traditional rigid materials generally have bottlenecks such as being hard and not suitable for wearable interaction which limits their application in the wearable field. Textile-based flexible tactile sensors have become the first choice for tactile sensing materials due to their high sensitivity softness and wearability. The textile-based flexible tactile sensor is a new development direction of flexible sensors for the following reasons. First its special textile structure can be seamlessly connected with clothing to achieve the integration of design wear and application. Second sensors with different dimensions can be developed at different stages of textiles and there are onedimensional fiber and yarn sensors two-dimensional fabric sensors and three-dimensional clothing textiles. The sensing application range in different dimensions is different. Compared with the low response and high sensitivity based on the fiber / yarn sensor the fabric / textile sensor has a larger sensing area and a more ideal array design. More importantly wearable devices that combine sensing with textiles have excellent sensing performance and comfort and can be widely used in medical care sports detection leisure and entertainment and other fields. This paper reviews the principles and applications of several types of textile-based flexible tactile sensors including resistive capacitive piezoelectric and triboelectric ones. The results show that the textile-based flexible tactile sensor has excellent linearity sensitivity durability and stability due to its special textile structure. The textile-based flexible resistive tactile sensor has a simple structure and can achieve high performance and low cost. However the energy consumption is high and the recovery rate is low. Future directions are to design materials in which resistance changes do not depend on the deformation of the conductive network between nanomaterials or to create additional free-space pores so that the resistance changes are caused by the closure of pores in the material rather than by polymer chains in elastomers. The problem of textile-based flexible capacitive tactile sensors is how to improve the sensitivity. In order to achieve high sensitivity dielectric materials can be designed by increasing the pores or increasing the dielectric constant. For future research directions porous high dielectric constant materials or elastomers coated with conductive nanomaterials can be used as high dielectric constant composites. Textile-based flexible piezoelectric tactile sensors have high sensitivity and excellent dynamic response making them the first choice for detecting dynamic pressure. In the future we should develop new materials in the available piezoelectric materials for tactile sensing to enhance output power realize high performance and reduce production costs. The main problem of textile-based flexible triboelectric tactile sensors is to develop stable and highperformance TENGs and we should study excellent polar electrodes and ensure the stability of sensing performance. In conclusion high sensitivity durability and wearability are the advantages and important development directions of textile-based flexible tactile sensors. The textile-based flexible tactile sensor is one of the important research focuses in the future and there are also several directions that need to be broken through. First it is still a difficult problem to obtain a flexible sensor that integrates high sensitivity wide range fast response washability and wearability. Analyzing and solving these key problems plays an important role in promoting the development of the industry. Second on the premise of ensuring softness and wearability it is necessary to ensure the comfort of wearing and combine the advantages of functional textile substrate such as breathability sweat prevention and anti-bacterial effects. Third the cost efficiency should be considered for the applied sensor. The low-cost flexible sensor that can be manufactured in large area and has high performance is the focus of future development. Fourth the sensing performance should be combined with the life function. The development of flexible tactile sensors in the intelligent wearable field should be combined with humancomputer interaction. In the direction of medical treatment sports and entertainment it should be suitable for people' s life. It should be combined with the current cutting-edge technology to develop practical applications to improve people' s living standards. Finally the solution of these problems requires the joint research of cross-disciplines including materials science medicine textile science computer technology software application development and communication technology. Such research has great potential and important significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environment (Winter cold) affects both the individual and the equipment and communications needed to support workflow or general communication. Therefore, the issue of providing thermal conditions in which the communication device is located while a person stays in the cold is relevant. To protect such devices from premature cooling, they are placed in special parts of clothing. Model-ling and research of thermal insulation properties of garment parts for protection from cold of mobile communication devices will allow to establish effective parameters of thermal insulation structure. Such parameters will allow to develop and manufacture warm clothes with special details, which will maintain the performance and increase the time of stable operation of mobile communication devices necessary for a person in cold conditions. The geometrical model and the model mesh were developed. According to the results of numerical model-ling, the dependence of temperature in the thermal pocket on the ambient temperature was obtained, taking into account the presence or absence of the heating plate. The results of numerical modelling of model calculations al-lowed to theoretically justify by zoning and heating power the system of artificial thermoregulation in thermal protective clothing with integrated electronic devices.

The presented article describes the method of synthesizing new ionic liquid based on a biguanide cation and a tiocyanate or benzoate anion with antimicrobial properties. The structure of obtained new ionic liquid was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. Additionally, the article describes a simple method of producing an antibacterial textile materials and PE-based film with the addition of an ionic liquid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidence is demonstrated for the effective use of domestic polymer modifiers to impart the effect of IR remission to colored camouflage patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonwovens are a type of textile that possess a wide range of unique properties, such as lightweight and damping characteristics, which make them suitable for many applications as in medicine and engineering. In this study, the focus lies on the mechanical response of nonwovens as a multiphase porous layer excited by an underlying vibrating plate. The material properties of the nonwovens are characterized via laboratory measurements applied to different samples. In particular, a dynamic analysis of the underlying thin plate is carried out to obtain its eigenmodes and, thus, the maximum response. These eigenmodes are then utilized in the boundary conditions in an advanced numerical porous media model to simulate the dynamic response of the anisotropic fibrous material. To understand the coupled processes in the fibrous textile material, a three-dimensional initial-boundary-value problem of porous media dynamics is introduced. The numerical results demonstrate the capability of the proposed model to realize the interplay between the pore-air pressure and the effective stresses during nonwovens vibration and, thus, the role of the pore air in vibration-induced fiber-fiber friction reduction as well as the effectiveness of the nonwovens in the dissipation of the kinetic energy, i.e., damping propagating acoustic waves.

This article presents a systematic integrative review of the scientific literature on banana farming waste and its potential utilization in the textile industry, particularly in relation to apparel fiber. The analysis encompasses the environmental issues in the textile industry as well as the challenges of agro-industrial waste. Additionally, the potential of banana farming waste, particularly banana fiber, fibers an alternative to mitigate the impacts of both industries, with a focus on textile material production, is emphasized. The utilization of agro-industrial waste from banana production for textile manufacturing, aligning with Circular Economy (CE) principles and, consequently, aiming to meet Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), is highlighted. The research covered ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, and SpringerLink databases, additionally utilizing secondary sources such as reports from the Ellen MacArthur Foundation (EMF). As a result, the final portfolio consisted of 71 articles, which played a significant role in achieving the objective of this study, which was to compile research from the past 10 years on the use of banana farming waste in the textile industry, considering the benefits, challenges, and emerging approaches for its utilization in novel applications. [Display omitted] • Banana fibres are touted as a positive alternative to synthetic and natural fibres such as cotton. • Banana plant fibre can contribute to mitigating the negative impacts of the textile and agrifood industries. • The utilization of agro-industrial waste for textile production leads to a Circular Economy (CE). • Research on the use of biotextiles can contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Virtual reality (VR) is transforming education by enhancing the teaching and learning experiences. This study addresses the application of VR and focuses on understanding textile structures using a semester project as an example. VR immerses learners in 3D environments, going beyond traditional microscopy. In this project, textiles and partial textiles from vintage cars from the 1950s were converted from 2D microscope data into virtual reality, bringing together students of communication design, apparel technology, conservation, and excavation. Advanced digital microscopy was used to examine textile surfaces, transform the results into dynamic 3D data, and visualize textiles. This interdisciplinary collaboration promoted knowledge exchange, innovative teaching methods, and transformative thinking.

The field of flexible electronics is undergoing an exponential evolution due to the demand of the industry for wearable devices, wireless communication devices and networks, healthcare sensing devices and the technology around the Internet of Things (IoT) framework. E-tex tiles are attracting attention from within the healthcare areas, amongst others, for providing the possibility of developing continuous patient monitoring solutions and customized devices to accommodate each patient’s specific needs. This review paper summarizes multiple approaches investigated in the literature for wearable/flexible resonators working as antenna-based systems, sensors and filters with special attention paid to the integration to flexible materials, especially textiles. This review manuscript provides a general overview of the flexible resonators’ advantages and drawbacks, materials, fabrication techniques and processes and applications. Finally, the main challenges and future prospects of wearable resonators are discussed.

Deciphering how the dielectric properties of textile materials are orchestrated by their internal components has far-reaching implications. For the development of textile-based electronics, which have gained ever-increasing attention for their uniquely combined features of electronics and traditional fabrics, both performance and form factor are critically dependent on the dielectric properties. The knowledge of the dielectric properties of textile materials is thus crucial in successful design and operation of textile-based electronics. While the dielectric properties of textile materials could be estimated to some extent from the compositional profiles, recent studies have identified various additional factors that have also substantial influence. From the viewpoint of materials characterization, such dependence of the dielectric properties of textile materials have given rise to a new possibility—information on various internal components could be, upon successful correlation, extracted by measuring the dielectric properties. In view of these considerable implications, this invited review paper summarizes various fundamental theories and principles related to the dielectric properties of textile materials. In order to provide an imperative basis for uncovering various factors that intricately influence the dielectric properties of textile materials, the foundations of the dielectrics and polarization mechanisms are first recapitulated, followed by an overview on the concept of homogenization and the dielectric mixture theory. The principal advantages, challenges and opportunities in the analytical approximations of the dielectric properties of textile materials are then discussed based on the findings from the recent literature, and finally a variety of characterization methods suitable for measuring the dielectric properties of textile materials are described. It is among the objectives of this paper to build a practical signpost for scientists and engineers in this rapidly evolving, cross-disciplinary field.

In order to examine the possibility to improve its camouflage properties standard cotton fabric with camouflage print was impregnated with poly(vinyl butyral), PVB and fullerene-like nanoparticles of tungsten disulfide, PVB/IF-WS2. FTIR analysis excluded any possible chemical interaction of IF-WS2 with PVB and the fabric. The camouflage behavior of the impregnated fabric has been examined firstly in the VIS part of the spectrum. Diffuse reflection, specular gloss and color coordinates were measured for three different shades (black, brown and dark green). Thermal imaging was applied to examine the camouflage abilities of this impregnation in IR part of the spectrum. The obtained results show that PVB/IF-WS2 impregnation system induced enhacement of the materials camouflage properties, i.e. that IF-WS2 have a positive effect on spectrophotometric characteristics of the fabric.

The article is devoted to investigation of the physico-chemical properties of magnetites in nanocomposites on the textile bases. It studies of the structure and phase composition of nanocomposite materials on the polyamide and viscose textile bases. It is shown that magnetite particles synthesized in textile material with average sizes of 9.4 nm in viscose textile material and 9.7 nm in polyamide textile material. The influence of synthesis conditions on the size of magnetite nanocrystallites in textile material is established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

General information concerning different kinds of chemical additives used in the textile industry has been described in this paper. The properties and applications of organofunctional silanes and polysiloxanes (silicones) for chemical and physical modifications of textile materials have been reviewed, with a focus on silicone softeners, silane, and silicones-based superhydrophobic finishes and coatings on textiles composed of silicone elastomers and rubbers. The properties of textile materials modified with silanes and silicones and their practical and potential applications, mainly in the textile industry, have been discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Wool Textile Journal is the property of National Wool Textile Science & Technology Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In recent years, research activities on water reuse applications have rapidly increased to manage natural water sources efficiently. Although these applications in centralized treatment systems can be effective, there are some drawbacks, including the economic factors for small settlements. In this study, a textile filtration unit with the integration of a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was developed and different textile materials were used to enhance the treated effluent quality for reuse purposes. While the textile filtration unit alone could not effectively remove the pollutants, the removal efficiencies could not exceed 36% for COD and 50% for BOD5. However, SBR integration in to the filtration system improved the treated wastewater quality and COD and BOD5 reductions were obtained higher than 93%. Activated carbon coated cotton textile materials and activated carbon cloth, which was used for the first time for wastewater treatment, increased the treatment performance. In the filtration system, although the suspended solids were high in the SBR effluent, no clogging problem was observed even with higher operation times. This paper presents the research results on this textile filtration system, and experimental findings are discussed on the applicability of the system for small communities. HIGHLIGHTS Different textile cloths as low-cost materials were evaluated for wastewater treatment.; Activated carbon impregnated cotton textiles exhibited better treatment efficiencies.; Activated carbon cloth as an outer filtration material on the metal braided cotton textile showed remarkable reductions in all pollutants.; SBR integration enhanced the filtration unit performance.;