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Demand forecasting is quite volatile and sensitive to several factors. These include firm-specific, i.e., endogenous as well as exogenous parameters. Endogenous factors are firm-specific, whereas exogenous factors are the macroeconomic indicators that significantly influence the demand forecasting of the firms involved in international trade. This research study investigates the significance of endogenous and exogenous indicators of demand forecasting. For this purpose, we use daily production data from a textile apparel firm for the period from May 2021 to January 2022. In the first step, we employ generalized least square and single-layer perceptron models for coefficient estimation to investigate the impact of each indicator. In the second step, we use linear regression (LR), support vector regression (SVR), and a long short-term memory (LSTM) model for demand forecasting. The forecasted results using SVR and LSTM reveal that errors are reduced when exogenous indicators (exchange and interest rates) are used as inputs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, trace metals toxicity in wastewater poses health problems for humans even at truncated concentrations and warrants investigation. This review study focuses on the suitable cutting-edge advancements in nanotechnology-based electrochemical sensor technology for the apprehension of selected toxic metal ions such as arsenic(As), cadmium(Cd), chromium(Cr), lead(Pb), and uranium(Ur)) in wastewater samples. The discussion includes an examination of synthesis techniques for sensors based on Nanomaterials (NMs). Moreover, these electrochemical sensors are scrutinized to study the complex principles that describe their problem solving achievement, such as susceptibility, determination limit, duplicability, repeatability, and selectivity in wastewater matrices for trace metal detection. Most importantly, the discussion also considers the interactions between NMs, electrochemistry, and sensing mechanisms, providing a comprehensive view of the cooperative developments promoting improved advanced sensor technology. This review critically investigates the existing literature to assess and capture the progress landscape of nano-based electrochemical sensors. Ultimately, this review paper could significantly play a role towards the use of these attractive nano-based electrode materials in revamping paradigms for environmental monitoring and advancing precision in trace metal sensing in wastewater.

The discharge of industrial effluents has a significant impact on the Water Quality Index (WQI) of the water bodies and is a major source of contamination of groundwater. The present study investigated the physicochemical characteristics and scrutinized the pollution potential of the tannery, textile, and electroplating effluents uploading into the Kala Sanghian drain, located in Jalandhar, Punjab, India. In this study, 12 samples were collected from the four sites (leather complex drain (LD), leather complex outlet (LO), focal point drain (FD), and Bulandpur drain (BD)) of Kala Sanghian drain in the dry season. The result showed that the drain under consideration is very much contaminated and the water is not suitable for irrigation and agricultural purposes. Rather it has a bad impact on the health of local people, the physiology of aquatic organisms, and the soil quality of agricultural land nearby. The present study confirmed the water quality index was more than 100, indicating a highly contaminated drain and water is unfit for any use. The correlation analysis shows that there exists a positive correlation between TDS and temperature (r = 0.994), DO and pH (r = 0.808), BOD and temperature (r = 0.987), BOD and TDS (r = 0.978), EC and temperature (r = 0.963), EC and TDS (r = 0.954), and EC and BOD (r = 0.956). The principal component analysis (PCA) confirms that PC1 alone has more than 89% of the variance with high positive loading for TDS, temperature, EC, and BOD. The hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) reflected two clusters where cluster 1 consists of pH, DO, temperature, and BOD of water while cluster 2 consists of TDS and EC of water. The PCA and HCA study of the data set confirms the high degree contribution of anthropogenic activities through the application of chemicals in agriculture, disposal of municipal waste, and industrial effluents in the deterioration of water quality. The results of the study will help to enhance the sustainable action plan for the management of industrial effluents in the studied area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The discharge of harmful dyes in water bodies is a serious pollution problem, dangerous for the ecosystem's equilibrium and human health. In this sense, the aim of this work was to determine the influence of electrolytes (NaCl, KCl, CaCl2 and MgCl2) in the adsorption of Reactive Blue BF-5G dye, the most common dye used in industrial process for fabric colouring, using bovine bone char as the adsorbent. The bovine bone char was characterized by pH of point of zero charge (pHPZC), N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffractometry (XDR). The characterization revealed a mesoporous structure (pore mean diameter of 94 Å and SBET ∼107 m2 g-1) with negative charge distribution at the surface (pHPZC = 3.8). The adsorption experiments revealed that the presence of KCl enhanced the material adsorption capacity (qmax = 195 mg g−1), that the Sips isotherm best fitted the experimental data (R2 > 0.9 except for KCl solution) and the adsorption process was mono- and multilayered. The kinetic adsorption experiments indicated that the inorganic electrolytes increased the initial adsorption velocity and the data was best modelled by the surface diffusional model (SDM), implying a resistance (aqueous > CaCl2 > NaCl > MgCl2 > KCl) to mass transfer at the surface of the pores which, in turn, prevented the dye diffusion to the interior of the adsorbent (qe = 71 mg g−1). Therefore, small quantities of KCl can be used to lower the mass transfer resistance and provide higher adsorption capacity with reduced time of operation, thus increasing the overall process efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because textile industries are intensely water-consuming and generate a huge quantity of wastewater, the present study examines the scope of using solar thermal technology to treat wastewater from textile industries. A hybrid technology, comprising a compound parabolic concentrator-based solar thermal system in conjunction with a Membrane Distillation (MD) system, is experimented with for wastewater treatment in textile industries. The MD system requires a water temperature of around 90 °C for efficient functioning. The advanced MD technology using waste heat combined with solar heat to meet the system’s thermal load is technologically evaluated for an experimental textile industry in India. Moreover, the present study critically analyses the techno economics of the proposed hybrid technology. A detailed financial analysis has revealed that, besides technological superiority, the recommended technology is also financially rewarding for wastewater treatment in the textile industry. To cope with the delayed payback period, financial incentives are recommended so that the system becomes a lucrative technological option.

The global textile industry is significant and presents great business potential, particularly for emerging nations. On the other hand, because of their erratic and quick expansion, these industrial clusters are to blame for the adverse environmental impacts. Different chemicals, salts, and dyes are all mixed together in wastewater resulting from the textile printing business. This causes it to be brightly colored, have an alkaline pH, and have substantially lower levels of dissolved oxygen, all of which have an impact on the surrounding environment. The study collects wastewater from the textile industry at each stage of the process and analyses it to identify its parameters. These parameters include pH (Analytical value is 6.6 to 13.1), BOD (Analytical Value is 432 to 1840mg/l), COD (Analytical Value is 635 to 4459 mg/l), Total Dissolved Solids – TDS (Analytical Value is 6530 to 21989 mg/l ), TSS (Analytical Value is 275 to 1189), and Ammonium Nitrogen (Analytical Value is 34.2 to 49.4 ), Since these are all baseline variables, the natural ecological system is deteriorating. This allows for the deduction of the state authorities’ final alleviation standards for the ensuing treatment process.

The carbon footprint (CFP) is a measure of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emitted throughout the lifecycle of a product or activity, while the energy footprint (EFP) and water footprint (WFP) measure energy and water consumption, respectively. These footprints are essential for managing emissions and consumption and promoting low-carbon consumption. A carbon labeling scheme could help consumers make informed choices. Asia is a major textile producer and consumer, so studying textiles' carbon, energy, and water footprints is essential for managing domestic emissions, energy and water consumption, and international trade negotiations. This paper presents a method and framework for assessing CFP, EFP, and WFP at the product level and calculates the footprints for textile products. The results show that the total CFP of all textile products produced is 42,624.12 MT CO2e, with indirect emissions contributing significantly more than direct emissions. The total EFP is 248.38 PJ, with electricity consumption being the main contributor, while the total WFP is 80.71 billion liters. The spinning stage of production has the highest CFP and EFP, and energy consumption is the main contributor to all footprints. These results can help compare different products and reduce the footprints of the textile sector.

The global textile industry is significant and presents great business potential, particularly for emerging nations. On the other hand, because of their erratic and quick expansion, these industrial clusters are to blame for the adverse environmental impacts. Different chemicals, salts, and dyes are all mixed together in wastewater resulting from the textile printing business. This causes it to be brightly colored, have an alkaline pH, and have substantially lower levels of dissolved oxygen, all of which have an impact on the surrounding environment. The study collects wastewater from the textile industry at each stage of the process and analyses it to identify its parameters. These parameters include pH (Analytical value is 6.6 to 13.1), BOD (Analytical Value is 432 to 1840mg/l), COD (Analytical Value is 635 to 4459 mg/l), Total Dissolved Solids – TDS (Analytical Value is 6530 to 21989 mg/l ), TSS (Analytical Value is 275 to 1189), and Ammonium Nitrogen (Analytical Value is 34.2 to 49.4 ), Since these are all baseline variables, the natural ecological system is deteriorating. This allows for the deduction of the state authorities’ final alleviation standards for the ensuing treatment process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because textile industries are intensely water-consuming and generate a huge quantity of wastewater, the present study examines the scope of using solar thermal technology to treat wastewater from textile industries. A hybrid technology, comprising a compound parabolic concentrator-based solar thermal system in conjunction with a Membrane Distillation (MD) system, is experimented with for wastewater treatment in textile industries. The MD system requires a water temperature of around 90 °C for efficient functioning. The advanced MD technology using waste heat combined with solar heat to meet the system's thermal load is technologically evaluated for an experimental textile industry in India. Moreover, the present study critically analyses the techno economics of the proposed hybrid technology. A detailed financial analysis has revealed that, besides technological superiority, the recommended technology is also financially rewarding for wastewater treatment in the textile industry. To cope with the delayed payback period, financial incentives are recommended so that the system becomes a lucrative technological option. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pacha: Revista de Estudios Contemporáneos del Sur Global is the property of PACHA REVISTA DE ESTUDIOS CONTEMPORANEOS DEL SUR GLOBAL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Banana fibers could gruntle the thirst for natural fibers in textile industries. Banana fibers are prominent for eco-friendliness, durability, and biodegradability. Our study demonstrates that Enterobacter cloacae PMC04, isolated from banana waste decomposed soil, could produce pectinolytic enzymes using dried banana pseudostem as solid substrate by fermentation and their application in banana fiber degumming for textile processing. Enterobacter cloacae PMC04 exhibited elevated pectinase activity (177.1901 U/ml) and pectin lyase activity (34.21818 U/ml) with citrus pectin and yeast extract under optimal pH (pH 10.0) and temperature (45°C) conditions. In reconciliation with the obtained results, it is found that pectinase enzyme is suitable for the degumming of banana fibers. The optimized degumming condition of banana fiber was identified to be 55°C, 4 hours and 30% enzymatic dosage. The maximum galacturonide released from the fiber degumming system was recognized to be 0.8121 mmol/ml. The surface morphology, functional group, thermal analysis, and tensile analysis of the enzymatic degummed banana fiber were significant compared to the chemically treated fiber. Based on the studies, it is inferred that enzymatic degumming of banana fiber could be regarded as an alternative approach for feasible application in textile industries

Modernization and urbanization impulse the thirst for sustainable and biodegradable fibers for textile applications. The desire for sustainable natural fibers could be gruntled by practising banana fibers in textile industries. The pseudostem linchpin of banana fibers is renowned for incredible durability, biodegradability, spinning quality, fineness, and tensile strength. Textile processing of banana fiber necessitates the removal of the hemicellulosic substance. Neglect of hemicellulosic substances is usually done by chemical degumming, which is hazardous. The major concern of the research is the degumming of banana fibers by an eco-friendly enzymatic method. In this investigation, the degumming of banana fibers has experimented with hemicellulose degrading enzymes such as pectinases, xylanases, and laccases to understand the practical difficulties of biological degumming technology. The enzymatic degummed banana fibers are compared with chemical and microbial degumming. The characterization and quality analysis of degummed fibers infer that banana fibers could be efficiently degummed by the combination of xylanase and pectinase enzyme. The tensile strength, crystallinity and surface morphology studies provokes the efficiency of enzymatic degumming. The degummed banana fiber has special applications in the fabrication, cutlery application, and textile industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The textile industries in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are considered one of the important industries in which the produced parts are linked to the consumer who may choose them later to buy them. The culture of preserving fabric sustainability in the living room is not intended to retain the history of fabric. Therefore, it was necessary to think of more sustainable ways of implementing and manufacturing textiles by involving consumers in the manufacturing processes. The production of textile pieces in a way that meets his needs and fulfills his own desires and inclinations is the reason for creating that link between them, which makes him aware of the importance of each piece and thus the necessity of preserving it and striving for its sustainability by creating that sense of responsibility towards it. Among them, the aim of the research was to search for the most important different methods of implementing textile manufacturing in internal spaces and highlighting them through a comparison of five different methods. The research followed the analytical and comparative methodology, whereby each method was studied separately and analysed, then a comparison was made between the five different methods. After that, a set of important points were drawn up in the form of research recommendations in the process of sustaining industrial implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cotton dust is generated during various textile manufacturing processes. Only a few studies from Pakistan assessed cotton dust exposure and explored the relationship of duration of work in the textile industry with respiratory health outcomes. We aimed to assess cotton dust exposure and its association with lung function and respiratory symptoms among textile workers in Pakistan. Methods: We report findings from the baseline survey of the larger study, MultiTex, among 498 adult male textile workers from six mills conducted between October 2015-March 2016 in Karachi, Pakistan. Data collection included the use of standardized questionnaires; spirometry, and area dust measurements through UCB-PATS. Multivariable logistic and linear regression models were developed to assess the association of risk factors with respiratory symptoms and illnesses. Results: We found the mean age of workers to be 32.5 (±10) years; around 25% were illiterate. The prevalence of COPD, asthma, and byssinosis was 10%, 17%, and 2%, respectively. The median cotton dust exposure was 0.33 mg/m³ (IQR: 0.12-0.76). Increased duration of work among non-smokers was associated with a decline in lung function, FVC (-245 ml; 95% CI: -385.71, -104.89) and FEV1 (-200 ml; 95% CI: -328.71, -841.1). Workers with certain job titles (machine operators, helpers, and jobbers), those with greater duration of work, and higher dust exposure, were more likely to report respiratory symptoms and illnesses. Conclusion: We report a high prevalence of asthma and COPD and a low prevalence of byssinosis. Cotton dust exposure and duration of employment were associated with respiratory health outcomes. Our findings highlight the need for preventive interventions in the textile industry in Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: The presence of many synthetic dyes in aqueous solutions can cause carcinogenesis and mutagenicity and affect human health. Reactive Red 198 is one of the types of azo dyes with complex structure, toxic, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity properties, and tolerable in the environment, which is discharged to the environment through the sewage of textile industries. This study was performed to determine the mineralization of 198 reactive red dyes by the hybrid advanced oxidation process UV/US/H2O2/O3 from colored wastewater using central composite design. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study several factors affecting on dye mineralization process including the presence of ozone gas and ultraviolet rays (UV) as well as the initial dye concentration, Ultrasound (US), contact time, pH, and hydrogen peroxide were investigated. Experimental design and optimization were performed by design of experiment software using central composite design and its optimal conditions were determined. Results: The maximum dye degradation efficiency of 100% was performed under optimal conditions including initial dye concentration of 200 mg/L, reaction time of 34 minutes, hydrogen peroxide concentration of 27 mg/L and pH=9 in the presence of ozone gas flow, ultraviolet rays and ultrasonic waves. Also, the influence of factors on dye removal including ozone, UV, initial dye concentration, US, contact time, pH, and peroxide were 58.8%, 19.3%, 2.3%, 1.5%, 1.1%, 0.6 %and 0.2 % ,respectively. Conclusion: UV/US/H2O2/O3 hybrid process with advantages such as performance and high speed can be recommended for wastewater treatment in various industries.

Banana fibers could gruntle the thirst for natural fibers in textile industries. Banana fibers are prominent for eco-friendliness, durability, and biodegradability. Our study demonstrates that Enterobacter cloacae PMC04, isolated from banana waste decomposed soil, could produce pectinolytic enzymes using dried banana pseudostem as solid substrate by fermentation and their application in banana fiber degumming for textile processing. Enterobacter cloacae PMC04 exhibited elevated pectinase activity (177.1901 U/ml) and pectin lyase activity (34.21818 U/ml) with citrus pectin and yeast extract under optimal pH (pH 10.0) and temperature (45°C) conditions. In reconciliation with the obtained results, it is found that pectinase enzyme is suitable for the degumming of banana fibers. The optimized degumming condition of banana fiber was identified to be 55°C, 4 hours and 30% enzymatic dosage. The maximum galacturonide released from the fiber degumming system was recognized to be 0.8121 mmol/ml. The surface morphology, functional group, thermal analysis, and tensile analysis of the enzymatic degummed banana fiber were significant compared to the chemically treated fiber. Based on the studies, it is inferred that enzymatic degumming of banana fiber could be regarded as an alternative approach for feasible application in textile industries [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the skyrocketed population growth and to meet clean water requirements, it is mandatory to develop techniques for proper conversion of wastewater and seawater into clean water. Textile industries generate a massive amount of wastewater. Processing of wastewater obtained from textile wastewater is more significant because of the pollutants present in the wastewater. Conventional separation processes like physical treatment, chemical treatment, and biological treatment are not pertinent in the current situation because of their lower separation efficiencies. Non-conventional separation processes are playing critical roles in ensuring the highest separation possible till date. Of these, membrane distillation (MD), which works based on trans-membrane vapor pressure difference, gives nearly 100% rejection. Thus, the present review highlights the latest work related to the separation of wastewater from the textile industries. This review also studies the limitations in terms of membrane fouling in the field of MD. Lastly, future work regarding membrane modification, MD integration, and MD commercialization are discussed. It is believed that these integrated membrane-driven separation processes will be rendered into relevant innovations in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circular economy is still an imaginary field. In this manuscript, mild steel material is used to evaluate the coefficient of friction (COF) of cotton fabric. COF is evaluated to facilitate circular economy of textile industries. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), optical profilometer, mechanical profilometer and tribometer were used for AISI 52100 steel balls and cotton textile waste. The fabric surface was found distorted and damaged due to joggling, bobs, jerks, and pills surface defects. These defects produced due to physical and chemical treatments. The average coating surface roughness parameters were Rmax (0.35 µm), Rz (0.50 µm), and Rp (0.45). The dynamic coefficient of friction (COF) values was found 0.21 to 0.12 in warp and 0.17 to 0.10 in weft directions. The tensile strength and hardness values of mild steel 2600 MPa and 65 on HRC, respectively proved that metallic surface is smooth and soft. The smaller COF values and soft metallic surface produced low grip and cutting resistance due to damaged and distorted textile wastes. Based on COF values, deformation, wear and morphology evaluations, the mild steel machinery parts could be used operationally for recycling of textile wastes. for surface alterations of textile machinery parts. Furthermore, damaged, and distorted post-consumer textile wastes required hard, high strength and well finished machinery parts surfaces for its recycling.

At present, China is faced with a situation of unbalanced regional economic development. The report of the 19th session of the national congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that we should accelerate the implementation of the strategy of coordinated regional development. However, this study finds that, in the process of "leaving the cage and changing birds", the number of enterprises in the textile industry in the eastern region has risen again, which, in turn, has led to overcapacity and has seriously affected the sustainable development of the textile industry. The present study finds that the increasingly distorted price of industrial land is the root cause of the "surge phenomenon" of enterprises in the textile industry and overcapacity. Therefore, China's central government should be fully aware of the negative impact of the distorted price of industrial land on the sustainable development of textile industry. Efforts must be made to solve the problems of the excessive influx of textile enterprises, overcapacity, and unsustainability in the eastern region in three aspects. Specifically, the land transfer procedure should be standardized, the motivation of local governments' land attracting investment should be curbed, and the introduction of high-quality enterprises should be paid attention to. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The oil and petrochemical industries had been amongst the first industries which developed the HSE-MS. This system aims to maintain and protect human resources along with reducing the environmental impact of the industry. Although it has been mulling over this system in a plethora of studies, unfortunately, most of the assessments have been carried out in a qualitative manner. In recent years, the evaluation of the performance of HSE-MS has been limited due to the lack of appropriate quantitative evaluations. Material and Methods: In the present study, the development of criteria and sub-criteria of health, safety and environment management system was investigated using a different approach. Using the opinion of experts and according to the performed categories, a questionnaire was developed to determine the pairwise comparisons. Decision making trial and evaluation (DEMATEL) technique was used to determine the relationships between the criteria and network analysis method was used to determine their importance weight. the developed methodology was then evaluated and compared between two factories in a case study. Results: The performance evaluation showed that the leadership and commitment criterion with a final score of 1.8; Risk assessment and management with a final score of 0.8; Planning criterion with a final score of .0.40; Policy criterion with final score of 0.33, Organization, resources, and documentation with a final score of 0.31, implementation and follow-up with a final score of 0.22, and Evaluation and Review criterion with a final score of 0.12 were ranked from the first to the seventh, respectively. Conclusion: The results of the study demonstrated that the most important criterion for health, safety and the environment is leadership. The significant difference between the final score of the leadership criterion and the other criteria reflects its crucial importance in HSE-MS performance evaluation. Participation of employees, allocation of appropriate funding and support of innovativeness are factors to be implemented in order to improve HSE-MS program as a better and successful management.

Sustainable supply chain management techniques have been developed over the last several decades to reduce accidental environmental damage during production and buying. Certifying a practical connection between ecosystems and economic development, circular economies push the limits of environmental sustainability. There are two types of rebound effects in the studied business. The impacts of circular business models and strategies are examined and put in a broader framework to get a better understanding of their role in the transition. In order to put transitory changes in a system perspective, this work approach to the problem in new way. Rebound effects and designing an eco-effective transition are discussed as theory-building elements. We conclude by suggesting several future research directions.

Copyright of Mediterranean Journal of Communication / Revista Mediterránea de Comunicación is the property of Revista Mediterranea de Comunicacion / Mediterranean Journal of Communication and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background and Objective: The presence of many synthetic dyes in aqueous solutions can cause carcinogenesis and mutagenicity and affect human health. Reactive Red 198 is one of the types of azo dyes with complex structure, toxic, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity properties, and tolerable in the environment, which is discharged to the environment through the sewage of textile industries. This study was performed to determine the mineralization of 198 reactive red dyes by the hybrid advanced oxidation process UV/US/H2O2/O3 from colored wastewater using central composite design. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study several factors affecting on dye mineralization process including the presence of ozone gas and ultraviolet rays (UV) as well as the initial dye concentration, Ultrasound (US), contact time, pH, and hydrogen peroxide were investigated. Experimental design and optimization were performed by design of experiment software using central composite design and its optimal conditions were determined. Results: The maximum dye degradation efficiency of 100% was performed under optimal conditions including initial dye concentration of 200 mg/L, reaction time of 34 minutes, hydrogen peroxide concentration of 27 mg/L and pH=9 in the presence of ozone gas flow, ultraviolet rays and ultrasonic waves. Also, the influence of factors on dye removal including ozone, UV, initial dye concentration, US, contact time, pH, and peroxide were 58.8%, 19.3%, 2.3%, 1.5%, 1.1%, 0.6 %and 0.2 %,respectively. Conclusion: UV/US/H2O2/O3 hybrid process with advantages such as performance and high speed can be recommended for wastewater treatment in various industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al-Mustansiriya Journal of Arts is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Circular economy is still an imaginary field. In this manuscript, mild steel material is used to evaluate the coefficient of friction (COF) of cotton fabric. COF is evaluated to facilitate circular economy of textile industries. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), optical profilometer, mechanical profilometer and tribometer were used for AISI 52100 steel balls and cotton textile waste. The fabric surface was found distorted and damaged due to joggling, bobs, jerks, and pills surface defects. These defects produced due to physical and chemical treatments. The average coating surface roughness parameters were Rmax (0.35 µm), Rz (0.50 µm), and Rp (0.45). The dynamic coefficient of friction (COF) values was found 0.21 to 0.12 in warp and 0.17 to 0.10 in weft directions. The tensile strength and hardness values of mild steel 2600 MPa and 65 on HRC, respectively proved that metallic surface is smooth and soft. The smaller COF values and soft metallic surface produced low grip and cutting resistance due to damaged and distorted textile wastes. Based on COF values, deformation, wear and morphology evaluations, the mild steel machinery parts could be used operationally for recycling of textile wastes. for surface alterations of textile machinery parts. Furthermore, damaged, and distorted post-consumer textile wastes required hard, high strength and well finished machinery parts surfaces for its recycling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global fiber production contributes 107 million MT in 2018 and is expected to grow 145 million MT by 2030. Fiber production can be plant-based, animal-based, man-made, and synthetic fibers. Plant-based fibers include jute, ramie, and hemp, have a market share of 5.7% in textile industries. The emerging interest in plant-based fibers, agricultural residues could be addressed by adopting unexplored plant fibers. Textile processing of natural fiber necessitates the removal of the hemicellulosic substance. The major concern of this investigation is the degumming of natural fibers by an eco-friendly method. The ideology is focused on producing hemicellulose degrading enzymes through solid substrate fermentation and utilization of hemicellulose degrading enzymes in natural fiber degumming. Degumming of fiber can be performed by hemicellulose degrading enzymes such as Pectinase, Xylanase, and Laccases. The neglection of the non-cellulosic layer corresponds to an increase in tensile strength, crystallinity, fineness, removal of non-cellulosic substances. The degummed fiber has remarkable applications in fabrication, cutlery application, and textile industries. Our investigation enclosed consolidated reports on the agricultural residues for hemicellulose degrading enzyme production and application of enzymes for natural fiber degumming proclaimed in recent years. The practical difficulties in adopting degummed fibers in textile industries have also been discussed.

Natural dyes have been used from ancient times for multiple purposes, most importantly in the field of textile dying. The increasing demand and excessive costs of natural dye extraction engendered the discovery of synthetic dyes from petrochemical compounds. Nowadays, they are dominating the textile market, with nearly 8 × 105 tons produced per year due to their wide range of color pigments and consistent coloration. Textile industries consume huge amounts of water in the dyeing processes, making it hard to treat the enormous quantities of this hazardous wastewater. Thus, they have harmful impacts when discharged in non-treated or partially treated forms in the environment (air, soil, plants and water), causing several human diseases. In the present work we focused on synthetic dyes. We started by studying their classification which depended on the nature of the manufactured fiber (cellulose, protein and synthetic fiber dyes). Then, we mentioned the characteristics of synthetic dyes, however, we focused more on their negative impacts on the ecosystem (soil, plants, water and air) and on humans. Lastly, we discussed the applied physical, chemical and biological strategies solely or in combination for textile dye wastewater treatments. Additionally, we described the newly established nanotechnology which achieves complete discharge decontamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methylene blue (MB) is a toxic and colorful organic matter that exists in the wastewater of textile industries. Difficult biodegradability of MB causes biological treatment methods that cannot sufficiently biodegrade it. In photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) methods, by converting the radiation energy to the electricity, MB is degraded efficiently in the anolyte chamber. Using the ultrafiltration (UF) membrane rather than a high-priced cation exchange membrane (CEM) decreases the cost of the PEC pilot. Therefore, in this study, different dependent and independent variables that affect the performance of the PEC are investigated to evaluate the technical feasibility of using ultra-filtration membrane as a separator of anode and cathode chambers. The results demonstrate an increase in the anolyte MB concentration up to 15 mg/l augments the PEC performance. In the best condition, the MB, turbidity, and color removal percent are 51.56%, 65.62%, and 64.19%, respectively, and produced power is 1.075 μW when the anolyte MB concentration, the pH, and the illumination density are 15 mg/l, 3, and 12 W, respectively. Also, the results indicate the removal percentage of the MB, turbidity, and color in either anolyte or catholyte rises in the anolyte acidic conditions and higher illumination densities. Besides, the changes in the EC and pH of anode and cathode chambers during the experiment are investigated, and finally, the relations between MB, color, and turbidity removal percentage are evaluated. As a result, it is found that the UF membrane is a suitable candidate to be used in PEC pilots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the foreign trade of the Turkish textile industry with the world. The textile industry in the global economic system continues to change after China's membership in the World Trade Organization. World textile industry dominated by China and EU’s members. Revealed Comperative Advantage” (RCA), “Revealed Symmetric Conperative Advantage” (RSCA), and “Trade Balance Index” (TBI) methods have been used in the study to explain textile sector’s competition structure. We also use The Product Mapping Analyse to determine the competitiveness of the Turkish textile sector. This analyse determined leading sub textile sector. The product mapping uses two analysis tools. First tool is comparative advantage and the second one is TBI. Competitiveness has been examined in terms of US Dollar for the period of 2001-2016. 15 subgroups of items in the Turkish textile sector analysed. Foreign trade data are compiled from ITC statistics.

The purpose of this research was to recognize the influence of electricity reliability problems such as unplanned and planned outages, and load shedding on the future plans of the textile industries of Punjab (India). An opinion on the mitigation measures to diminish the impact of power outages was also obtained. The results presented here were got using the seven-point Likert item scale from the 148 respondents which were the part of a randomly selected sample of 400 textile industries from a total population of 1163 registered textile industries covering specifically the high concentration dis-tricts throughout the Punjab. Both formal and informal interview methods including dropping the questionnaire schedules at the industrial premises were employed to record the responses. A syntax for Krippendorff’s Alpha was used in SPSS to estimate the interreliability of the different sections. A non-parametric Mann-Whitney U and Friedman Q with post hoc tests were applied using SPSS for independent samples and related sample designs, respectively, in order to know the statistical significant differences among the variables and the pairs. Respondents were found highly concerned towards the power system reliability issues than the quality issues. The effect of reliability issues on the micro scale industries were found higher than the small scale industries. Based on the one hour outage duration, unplanned power outage-1 hour scenario and dangerous advance warning, planned power outage, were found highly disruptive. The growth or expansion of existing unit, like to go for costly alternative energy sources, procurement of bank loans and moving industries to other state with good energy facilities, were the four key future plans and strategies that were found highly important to the textile industries. Majority of the industries believed that almost all the future plans and decisions were dominantly impacted by the unplanned outages followed by the load shedding and planned outages. In order to diminish the impact of power outages, improved system protection and improved local protection were found the preferred outage mitigation methods.

One of the chemical oxidation method for water and wastewater treatment is to use potassium ferrate. The aim of this study was to optimize the potassium ferrate consumption for wastewater treatment in carpet industries using central composite design and response surface methodology. The samples of this experimental study were collected from a carpet factory monthly and during two seasons. Measuring of the studied parameters were carried out based on the standard reference method for experiments in water and wastewater. To determine the optimized conditions for removing COD, color, turbidity and TSS by potassium ferrate, the central composite design and response surface methodology were used. The results showed that two independent variables of pH and potassium ferrate concentration and their interaction had a significant effect on removing COD, turbidity, color and TSS variables. The optimum condition for removal of these four pollutants were 160mg/l for consumption dosage of potassium ferrate and 4.5 for pH. In such condition the removal percentage of COD, turbidity, color and TSS were 86%, 85%, 84% and 83% respectively. In addition, the results indicated that the quadratic model has a good fitting to the experimental data. Potassium ferrate is recommended as an effective compound for reducing COD, color, turbidity and TSS from wastewater produced in textile industries especially in carpet industries. This process can be applied as a preliminary treatment and in cases where biological treatment is the main treatment, it could be used as a supplementary treatment.

The synthesis of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets, to be used as an adsorbent for the removal of textile dyes from wastewater, was optimized by the modified Hummers method. The GO nanosheets produced were compared with commercial graphene and characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, specific surface area analysis, and zero-charge point (pHpcz). Both GO and graphene nanomaterials were originally used to adsorb two coloured dyes (direct red 81 and Indosol SFGL direct blue), which are commonly disposed in textile industrial effluents. Adsorptive assays were performed to determine and compare the variables that most influence the process, such as pH and dye concentration. The mechanisms of adsorption are proposed based on the strong interactions between the graphene oxide (due to its high functionalization with hydroxyl and carboxylic groups) and the active functional groups of the dyes (according to its colour) that, in general, overcome the weaker electrostatic forces between water/commercial graphene/dye systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural dyes have been used from ancient times for multiple purposes, most importantly in the field of textile dying. The increasing demand and excessive costs of natural dye extraction engendered the discovery of synthetic dyes from petrochemical compounds. Nowadays, they are dominating the textile market, with nearly 8 × 105 tons produced per year due to their wide range of color pigments and consistent coloration. Textile industries consume huge amounts of water in the dyeing processes, making it hard to treat the enormous quantities of this hazardous wastewater. Thus, they have harmful impacts when discharged in non-treated or partially treated forms in the environment (air, soil, plants and water), causing several human diseases. In the present work we focused on synthetic dyes. We started by studying their classification which depended on the nature of the manufactured fiber (cellulose, protein and synthetic fiber dyes). Then, we mentioned the characteristics of synthetic dyes, however, we focused more on their negative impacts on the ecosystem (soil, plants, water and air) and on humans. Lastly, we discussed the applied physical, chemical and biological strategies solely or in combination for textile dye wastewater treatments. Additionally, we described the newly established nanotechnology which achieves complete discharge decontamination.

Removal of malachite green dye by adsorption from aqueous solution using montmorillonite clay is reported in this work. A malachite green dye is a cationic widely used in textile industries. Due to its persistence in the aquatic environment, it becomes a problem for aquatic and terrestrial organisms. This dye can be adsorbed through various techniques, but high acquisition and operating costs preclude widespread use. Several adsorbents are available in the market, but the most outstanding are the clays, especially the montmorillonites. These clays are finely divided material (< 0.002 mm), and its adsorption properties are continuously investigated. Types of clays 2:1 (two tetrahedral to one octahedral) are called expandables. The montmorillonite has a potential for dyes removal in wastewater due to the high surface area, porosity with excellent cation exchange capacity conferring its adsorbent property. This work aims to use the montmorillonite as an adsorption system in stages to textile decolorization effluent, composed of malachite green dye, reproduced in the laboratory. The characterization of the clay gives high purity and is used as adsorbent of good quality and efficiency. The retention of dyes in the system composed of montmorillonite arranged in separation stages was efficient. The effect of dye concentration and retention time are the most important parameters used in this study. High concentrations and retention time below 24 hours resulted in low levels of removal (25%). On the other hand, the low level of initial concentration increases removal efficiency (57%). Thus, the results obtained in this work allow concluding that montmorillonite is able to removal malachite green dye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A demographic research was conducted to record the judgment of the textile firms from Punjab (India) towards the different origin and causes of power outages in order to know the position of the connected power systems of the public utility company-Punjab State Power Corporation Limited over a seven-point ordinal Likert scales. From April 2015 to April 2017, a successful response from 148 textile firms was obtained falling in the areas of Central, North and South Punjab. The answers were recorded on a questionnaire schedule by conducting both personal interviews and dropping the schedules at the targeted firms for a stipulated period of time. The respondents were advised to answer the questions keeping in mind the years from 2010 to 2014. The Kruskal Wallis and Friedman’s tests with post hoc were applied for the independent and related samples, respectively. The effect sizes were also calculated from the Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney test statistics. The power system reliability issues were found highly dominant over the power quality issues. The higher rankings towards the occurrence of power outages because of the failures occurring in infrastructure and equipment showed that the performance of the power systems was not up to the mark. The textile firms from North and South Punjab ranked higher on majority of the dependent variables as compared to the Central Punjab which indicated that the impact of power outages was considerably higher in these regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to analyze by consensus the contingency variables, leadership styles and organizational backlash predominant in a Santa Catarina textile industry. The sample includes 33 leaders, managers, supervisors and the like of a textile industry based in the state of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. The results show, as for the contingency variables, a consensus of moderate opinions about Environmental Uncertainty. Regarding leadership styles, the results indicated moderate consensus for Structure/Task, Consideration/Relationship and emphasis on production for most issues, and strong consensus for style with Predictive Precision. For both the resource gap and the budget slack it was possible to observe a moderate and balanced consensus among the respondents. We conclude that the contingency variables Environmental uncertainty and technology, the Predictive Precision leadership style and the human resource/personnel and time slack, as well as the manipulation/participation and the detection of budget slack are predominant in the textile industry analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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