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Metal-organic frameworks are crystalline nanostructures formed by a metal interspersed by an organic binder. These metal-organic materials are examples of nanomaterials applied to textile material in search of new functionalized textiles. Cotton is a cellulosic fiber of great commercial importance, and has good absorption capacity and breathability; however, due to these characteristics, it is susceptible to the development of microorganisms on its surface. This work aims to analyze how the direct synthesis of HKUST-1 in cotton fabric modifies the chemical and physical properties. The material obtained was characterized by scanning electron microscopy to obtain its morphology, by spectrophotometry CIE L*a*b* to verify the color change, by a biological test to verify its resistance to microorganisms and, finally, by a unidirectional traction test to verify the change in its mechanical resistance. Thereby, it was possible to observe the formation of MOFs with the morphology of nanorods, and also, with regard to HKUST-1 in the cotton fabric, when applied, an elimination percentage higher than 99% was observed for both bacteria, E. coli and S. aureus. The presence of MOF was detected even after washing, however, the loss of 75% in the mechanical resistance of the material makes its potential for textile finishing unworkable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a biologically active curcumin molecule is used as an antibacterial agent, and the insertion of this naturally occurring biomolecule into the backbone of water-dispersible polyurethane has been successfully achieved to synthesize bio-based antibacterial textile finishes. These curcumin-based water-dispersible polyurethane (CUR-WDPU) dispersions were prepared by utilizing isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), polyethylene glycol (PEG), dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA) and triethylamine (TEA) following the prepolymer mixing process by incorporating variable molar quantities of curcumin (CUR). Structure elucidation of synthesized CUR-WDPU dispersions was obtained through Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) which confirmed the insertion of CUR into the WDPU backbone. Using the pad-dry-cure procedure, the varying varieties of plain weave polyester/cotton blended dyed and printed textile samples were treated with synthesized CUR-WDPU finishes. The antibacterial activities of these treated textiles have been assessed, and the outcomes revealed that the insertion of curcumin into the PU polymer chain has significantly boosted the antibacterial activities of PU dispersions. These newly prepared CUR-WDPUs dispersions are proved to be eco-friendly antimicrobial finishes because these are containing natural bioactive agents such as curcumin, showing potential antibacterial applications on polyester/cotton textiles. Predominantly, this research work is an attempt toward the greener approach of novel bio-based finishing materials preferably useful for textile diligences. Future investigations of these finishes will explore the other textile assets of poly-cotton textiles without adversely influencing their color fastness and mechanical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fragrance finishing of textiles is an area with untapped potential which has been growing at an enormous rate. The use of scents to change moods, evoke emotions and stimulate certain senses has been there for ages. Building up from that, textiles have started being infused with scents and used in domestic and industrial application. The purpose of this research is to cover all aspects of fragrance finishing. The literature review covers extensive topics like the basic concept of aromatherapy, needs of fragrance finishing, application methods and our current market scenario. The latter part of this study deals with a survey that sheds light on the research gap identified as lack of market awareness and acceptance. Chi-square was the statistical tool used for relating factors like gender, age group and income group to buying behaviour of people when it comes to fragrance finished textile products.

Metal-organic frameworks are crystalline nanostructures formed by a metal interspersed by an organic binder. These metal-organic materials are examples of nanomaterials applied to textile material in search of new functionalized textiles. Cotton is a cellulosic fiber of great commercial importance, and has good absorption capacity and breathability; however, due to these characteristics, it is susceptible to the development of microorganisms on its surface. This work aims to analyze how the direct synthesis of HKUST-1 in cotton fabric modifies the chemical and physical properties. The material obtained was characterized by scanning electron microscopy to obtain its morphology, by spectrophotometry CIE L*a*b* to verify the color change, by a biological test to verify its resistance to microorganisms and, finally, by a unidirectional traction test to verify the change in its mechanical resistance. Thereby, it was possible to observe the formation of MOFs with the morphology of nanorods, and also, with regard to HKUST-1 in the cotton fabric, when applied, an elimination percentage higher than 99% was observed for both bacteria, E. coli and S. aureus. The presence of MOF was detected even after washing, however, the loss of 75% in the mechanical resistance of the material makes its potential for textile finishing unworkable.

The research work was carried out to synthesize a series of novel chitosan based water dispersible polyurethanes (CS-WDPUs). The three step synthesis involves the formation of end capped PU-prepolymer was formed through the reaction between polyethylene glycol (PEG) (Mn=600 g/mole, dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA) and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) followed by the preparation of neutralized NCO terminated PU-prepolymer, which lead to the chain extension by using the chitosan. The dispersion of the obtained product was carried out by adding proper proportion of water. The synthesized CS-WDPUs were applied onto the different qualities of plain weave poly-cotton printed and dyed textile swatches by employing pad-dry-cure procedures. The textile assets of the treated and untreated textile swatches were assessed, as color fastness, pilling resistance, tear and tensile strength. The results showed that the chitosan incorporation into PU backbone has significant effect on the assets of treated textiles. These synthesized CS-WDPUs are eco-friendly bio-based finishes with potential applications for polyester/cotton textiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of polyurethane dispersions were synthesized through two step polymerization technique. A PU prepolymer with NCO termini was prepared using isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), poly caprolactone diols (CAPA of mol. wt. 1000) and DMPA (3:1:1), and PU prepolymer chain was extended with different mole ratios of low molecular weight chitosan and finally aqueous emulsion was prepared by adding suitable volume of water. The proposed structure of chitosan based PU dispersions was confirmed through FTIR spectroscopy. The prepared aqueous CS (LMW) -CPUIs emulsions were applied onto the different quality plain weave poly-cotton dyed and printed fabric pieces using pad-dry-cure procedures. The physical properties such as air permeability, stiffness and crease recovery angle (CRA), pilling resistance, tear and tensile strength of the treated and untreated fabric samples were also evaluated. The results revealed that the incorporation of chitosan has pronounced effect on the properties of treated fabrics. This research could be extended in future for performance evaluation of pure cotton and woolen fabrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of novel polyfunctionalized acyclic and heterocyclic dye precursors and their respective azo (hydrazone) counterpart dyes and dye precursors based on conjugate enaminones and/or enaminonitrile moieties were synthesized. The dyes and their precursors are based on 2-cyano-N-(3-cyano-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)-acetamide, 2-ethoxycarbonyl-N-(3-cyano-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)-acetamide or 2-phenylcarbamoyl-N-(3-cyano-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)-acetamide systems as precursors. The latter compounds were used to synthesize polyfunctional thiophene-, thiazole-, pyrazole, pyridine-, pyrimidine-, oxazine-, as well as acyclic moieties. The dyes and dye precursors were characterized by elemental analysis and spectral methods. All dyes and their precursors were screened in vitro and evaluated for both their antibacterial and antifungal activities. MIC data of the novel dye systems and their respective precursors showed significant antimicrobial activity against most tested organisms. Some compounds exhibited comparable or even higher efficiency than selected standards. Dyes were applied at 5% depth for disperse dyeing of nylon, acetate and polyester fabrics. Their spectral characteristics and fastness properties were measured and evaluated.

Triethanolamine-based esterquat softener was synthesized by two different methods, microwave irradiation and conventional thermal methods. FT-IR spectra and critical micelle concentration were employed to investigate chemical and physical properties of the synthesized softeners. Softening power, wettability, bending rigidity, yellowness, and anti-wrinkling properties of the synthesized softeners were also evaluated. It was found that microwave-synthesized softener posses better softening, wettability, and anti-wrinkling properties whilst shorter reaction time with higher yield, less cost, and higher purity of the synthesized product were the other advantages of this method over the conventional thermal method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was aimed to analyze chemical components of essential oil from whole fruits of Citrus unshiu and its fragrance and to investigate its bio-functions as a skin-health finishing agent to textiles. The components of oil and fragrance were respectively determined by using both FT-IR and GC-MS. As for bioactive properties, the skin irritancy from oil was assessed by Kawai's method and antimicrobial activity was evaluated by MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration). As results, major component of the citrus oil was identified as D1-limonene which also constituted most of its fragrance. Any skin reaction was not found by Kawai's method, which means that the citrus oil does not cause irritancy on human skin. As for microbial activity against S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, and P. acnes, the lowest minimum inhibitory concentrations were 0.50 mg/m l, 0.28 mg/m l, and 0.23 mg/m l, respectively. These results suggest that Citrus unshiu's essential oil could be utilized as a bioactive natural finishing agent for skin-healthcare textiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of novel polyfunctionalized acyclic and heterocyclic dye precursors and their respective azo (hydrazone) counterpart dyes and dye precursors based on conjugate enaminones and/or enaminonitrile moieties were synthesized. The dyes and their precursors are based on 2-cyano-N-(3-cyano-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)-acetamide, 2-ethoxycarbonyl-N-(3-cyano-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)-acetamide or 2-phenylcarbamoyl-N-(3-cyano-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)-acetamide systems as precursors. The latter compounds were used to synthesize polyfunctional thiophene-, thiazole-, pyrazole, pyridine-, pyrimidine-, oxazine-, as well as acyclic moieties. The dyes and dye precursors were characterized by elemental analysis and spectral methods. All dyes and their precursors were screened in vitro and evaluated for both their antibacterial and antifungal activities. MIC data of the novel dye systems and their respective precursors showed significant antimicrobial activity against most tested organisms. Some compounds exhibited comparable or even higher efficiency than selected standards. Dyes were applied at 5% depth for disperse dyeing of nylon, acetate and polyester fabrics. Their spectral characteristics and fastness properties were measured and evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]