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With the development of deep learning, steganography based on text generation has made significant break-throughs. Existing text-based steganography methods suffer from exposure bias, where the input during training comes from real sample labels, while the input during prediction comes from the output predicted in the previous time step. This difference in input samples between training and prediction leads to error accumulation, resulting in a large distribution difference between generated samples and real samples. To address this problem, this paper proposes a text steganography model called TS-GANMA based on generative adversarial networks and multi-head attention. First, a text generator is trained using a generative adversarial network, and multi-head attention mechanisms are used to extract multi-head attention scores to participate in the reward calculation of the reward module, obtaining feedback information more suitable for the generator. Then, the generator and discriminator are trained in an adversarial manner, which can solve the exposure bias problem and optimize the text generation model. Finally, the conditional probability distribution output by the text generation model is encoded to embed secret information. The experimental results demonstrate that the steganography method based on TS-GANMA has a much lower perplexity than the methods based on LSTM-vlc and ADG at the same embedding rate. This is because the steganographic text generated by the TS-GANMA model fits the statistical distribution of the real text better, and can generate higher quality steganographic text. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital watermarking may be utilized to identify illicit usage of text as a means to protect its copyright. This research proposes an advanced watermarking method for Arabic text that supports slight verification through the innovative utilization of counting-based secret sharing. The results of the suggested method are compared with several other existing watermarking techniques using applicable tests conducted across identical Arabic benchmarks of the standard Imam Nawawi's Forty Hadiths, as shown to be favorable in terms of speed, capacity, and security. The research further tested its resilience against the majority of conceivable manipulating text assaults showing our anticipated method to be impervious to electronic text attacks. Interestingly, this approach is not limited to Arabic language script only, as it is applicable to any related text-structure such as Urdu and Farsi writings. The work suggests attractive research contributions and exciting findings pointing the way forward to future specific and smart watermarking enhancements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In every system of security, to keep important data confidential, we need a high degree of protection. Steganography can be defined as a way of sending confidential texts through a secure medium of communications as well as protecting the information during the process of transmission. Steganography is a technology that is used to protect users' security and privacy. Communication is majorly achieved using a network through SMS, e-mail, and so on. The presented work suggested a technology of text hiding for protecting secret texts with Unicode characters. The similarities of glyphs provided invisibility and increased the hiding capacity. In conclusion, the proposed method succeeded in securing confidential data and achieving high payload capacity by using the Huffman compression algorithm, which was implemented on an unlimited text length. In addition, this approach has the ability to hide a single bit in every digit or letter in the cover file. Also, the approach meets the cognitive transparency and does not make the modifications apparent on the original data. The method suggested in this work increases the security level through coding a secret message before embedding it within the cover text, with the use of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Especially in recent years, the security of information and computer systems appears to be a very important issue. Because the heavily used communication network has made life easier as well as accompany serious security problems. To solve these problems, cryptography and steganography have been widely used. To present a more secure model for audios, a simple and secure stego-crypto method is presented. In this work, the hidden data is encrypted by the proposed Taylor series based encryption method and the encrypted data are hidden audio signals by applying the least significant bit (LSB) method. A real-world application is implemented in the proposed model. According to the results, the used encryption model is more efficient than AES. The results and findings demonstrated that this model can be used in a communication security system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While encryption can prevent unauthorized access to a secret message, it does not provide undetectability of covert communications over the public network. Implementing a highly latent data exchange, especially with low eavesdropping/discovery probability, is challenging for practical scenarios, such as social and political movements in authoritarian regimes, military operations, and privacy preservation. Moreover, the current literature suffers from a low embedding capacity and monolingual applicability, limiting the amount of hiding secret data within short text messages using state-of-the-art algorithms, e.g., linguistic-based, structural-based, or coverless-based solutions. In this paper, we present a systematic covert communication technique called CovertSYS that enables a multilingual secure end-to-end conversation via messaging or social network platforms. The CovertSYS functions by encrypting a confidential message using a multi-factor authentication scheme and converting the encoded binary data into hidden Unicode symbols to be transmitted under cover of short text messages. We then conduct extensive experiments to confirm the security and validity of the proposed technique against state-of-the-art approaches. Our experimental results show that the CovertSYS provides a superior mean performance of 91.53% by improving the criteria scores: embedding capacity rate of 100%, imperceptibility rate of 76.4%, and distortion robustness rate of 98.2%. Finally, we discuss the practical implications of the proposed technique compared to the existing text steganography methods. [Display omitted] • Various evaluation criteria based on literature and practical scenario have been discussed. • Possible cyberattacks on covert communication systems have been described. • The CovertSYS has been implemented in an Android prototype software. • Experimental results show superior performance compared to existing related works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent researches regarding information hiding is mostly concentrating on Linguistic steganography. The Steganography is the art and science of hiding a message inside another message without drawing any suspicion to the others so that the message can only be detected by its intended recipient. Now days, concentration is made on local language encryption based steganography to provide high security for the secret information sharing. In this paper, a method to steganography is proposed with an Indian local language, Malayalam. The proposed method consists of a custom Unicode based technique with embedding based on indexing, i.e. the original message is encoded to a Malayalam text with custom UNICODE values generated for the Malayalam text. After that an embedding algorithm will be designed to mix the encoded original message with the Malayalam text. The experimental study was done to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed approach. The comparison study of the proposed method against an existing method revealed that, the proposed steganography methods is more precise in the encoding process and balanced in the decoding process. The proposed method achieved a precision rate of .95 and decoding rate of .81. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been a persistent requirement for safeguarding documents and the data they contain, either in printed or electronic form. This is because the fabrication and faking of documents is prevalent globally, resulting in significant losses for individuals, societies, and industrial sectors, in addition to national security. Therefore, individuals are concerned about protecting their work and avoiding these unlawful actions. Different techniques, such as steganography, cryptography, and coding, have been deployed to protect valuable information. Steganography is an appropriate method, in which the user is able to conceal a message inside another message (cover media). Most of the research on steganography utilizes cover media, such as videos, images, and sounds. Notably, text steganography is usually not given priority because of the difficulties in identifying redundant bits in a text file. To embed information within a document, its attributes must be changed. These attributes may be non-displayed characters, spaces, resized fonts, or purposeful misspellings scattered throughout the text. However, this would be detectable by an attacker or other third party because of the minor change in the document. To address this issue, it is necessary to change the document in such a manner that the change would not be visible to the eye, but could still be decoded using a computer. In this paper, an overview of existing research in this area is provided. First, we provide basic information about text steganography and its general procedure. Next, three classes of text steganography are explained: statistical and random generation, format-based methodologies, and linguistics. The techniques related to each class are analyzed, and particularly the manner in which a unique strategy is provided for hiding secret data. Furthermore, we review the existing works in the development of approaches and algorithms related to text steganography; this review is not exhaustive, and covers research published from 2016 to 2021. This paper aims to assist fellow researchers by compiling the current methods, challenges, and future directions in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sending information secretly and communicating covertly have been of great interest for ages. For this purpose, text documents have been widely used and, consequently, various methods for hiding information in texts (text steganography) have been developed so far. This paper deals with a new method to hide information in Persian (Farsi) and Arabic texts. In the Unicode Standard, there are two different characters for "Ya" «(This character cannot be represented into ASCII text)» and "Kaf" «(This character cannot be represented into ASCII text)». The two characters of «(This character cannot be represented into ASCII text)» and «(This character cannot be represented into ASCII text)» have the same shape but different codes if they are used at the beginning or in the middle of words. As a result, we can hide information in texts, considering the specified data to be hidden and using one of these two characters (for the positions in which «(This character cannot be represented into ASCII text)» and «(This character cannot be represented into ASCII text)» are at the beginning or in the middle of the words). The above-mentioned method has been implemented by Java Programming Language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Steganography is the method to hide a message inside another message in such a way that can only be detected by its intended recipient. Text documents have been widely used for a very long time. A number of text steganography algorithms have been introduced. This paper presents a new approach for steganography in Bengali texts. Considering the structure of Bengali alphabet/words, in this approach, we hide the secret message in the text by shifting the specific 'matra' towards left, by shifting the points of some characters and by shifting the character 'ref' respectively. This approach can be categorized under feature coding methods. The approach shows good result on the sample collected from different Bengali newspaper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern text hiding is an intelligent programming technique which embeds a secret message/watermark into a cover text message/file in a hidden way to protect confidential information. Recently, text hiding in the form of watermarking and steganography has found broad applications in, for instance, covert communication, copyright protection, content authentication, etc. In contrast to text hiding, text steganalysis is the process and science of identifying whether a given carrier text file/message has hidden information in it, and, if possible, extracting/detecting the embedded hidden information. This paper presents an overview of state of the art of the text hiding area, and provides a comparative analysis of recent techniques, especially those focused on marking structural characteristics of digital text message/file to hide secret bits. Also, we discuss different types of attacks and their effects to highlight the pros and cons of the recently introduced approaches. Finally, we recommend some directions and guidelines for future works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]